Management of the heating system. Industry analytical heat supply management system ACS “Teplo. Prospects for the development of the system

Modernization and Automation of Heat Supply System Minsk experiencce

V.A. Sednin, Scientific Consultant, Doctor of Engineering, Professor,
A.A. Gutkovskiy, Chief Engineer, Belorussian National Technicl University, Scientific Research and Innovations Center of Automated Control Systems in heat power industry

keywords: heat supply system, automated control systems, reliability and quality improvement, heat delivery regulation, data archiving

Heat supply of large cities in Belorussia, as in Russia, is provided by cogeneration and district heat supply systems (hereinafter - DHSS), where facilities are combined into a single system. However, often the decisions made on individual elements of complex heat supply systems do not meet the systematic criteria, reliability, controllability and environment protection requirements. Therefore modernization of the heat supply systems and creation of automated process control systems is the most relevant task.

Description:

V.A. Sednin, A.A. Gutkovsky

The heat supply of large cities of Belarus, as in Russia, is provided by heating and district heating systems (hereinafter referred to as DH), the facilities of which are linked into a single scheme. However, decisions made on individual elements of complex heat supply systems often do not meet system criteria, reliability, manageability and environmental friendliness requirements. Therefore, the modernization of heat supply systems and the creation of automated process control systems is the most urgent task.

V. A. Sednin, scientific consultant, doctor of tech. sciences, professor

A. A. Gutkovsky, Chief Engineer, Belarusian National Technical University, Research and Innovation Center for Automated Control Systems in Heat Power and Industry

Heat supply to large cities of Belarus, as in Russia, is provided by district heating and district heating systems (DH) whose facilities are linked into a single scheme. However, decisions made on individual elements of complex heat supply systems often do not meet system criteria, reliability, manageability and environmental friendliness requirements. Therefore, the modernization of heat supply systems and the creation of automated process control systems is the most urgent task.

Features of district heating systems

Considering the main features of the SDT of Belarus, it can be noted that they are characterized by:

continuity and inertia of its development;
territorial distribution, hierarchy, variety of technical means used;
dynamic production processes and stochastic energy consumption;
incompleteness and low degree of reliability of information about the parameters and modes of their functioning.

It is important to note that in the SCT heating network, unlike other pipeline systems, are used to transport not the product, but the energy of the coolant, the parameters of which must meet the requirements of various consumer systems.

These features emphasize the essential need for the creation of automated process control systems (hereinafter referred to as APCS), the introduction of which makes it possible to increase energy and environmental efficiency, reliability and quality of functioning of heat supply systems. The introduction of automated process control systems today is not a tribute to fashion, but follows from the basic laws of technological development and is economically justified on present stage development of the technosphere.

REFERENCE

The district heating system of Minsk is a structurally complex complex. In terms of production and transport of thermal energy, it includes the facilities of Minskenergo RUE (Minsk Heat Networks, heating complexes of CHPP-3 and CHPP-4) and the facilities of Minskkommunteploset Unitary Enterprise - boiler houses, heat networks and central heating points.

Creation of APCS UE "Minskkommunteploset" was started in 1999, and now it is functioning, covering almost all heat sources (over 20) and a number of districts of heat networks. The development of the APCS project for the Minsk Heat Networks was launched in 2010, the project implementation began in 2012 and is currently ongoing.

Development of an automated process control system for the heat supply system in Minsk

On the example of Minsk, we present the main approaches that have been implemented in a number of cities in Belarus and Russia in the design and development of process control systems for heat supply systems.

Given the breadth of issues covering subject area of heat supply, and accumulated experience in the field of automation of heat supply systems at the pre-project stage of creating an automated process control system for Minsk heat networks, a concept was developed. The concept defines the fundamental foundations of the organization of automated process control systems for heat supply in Minsk (see reference) as a process of creating a computer network (system) focused on automating technological processes of a topologically distributed district heating enterprise.

Technological information tasks of process control systems

The implemented automated control system primarily provides for increasing the reliability and quality of operational control of the modes of operation of individual elements and the heat supply system as a whole. Therefore, this process control system is designed to solve the following technological information problems:

provision of centralized functional-group control of hydraulic modes of heat sources, main heating networks and pumping pumping stations taking into account daily and seasonal changes in circulation costs with adjustment ( feedback) according to the actual hydraulic regimes in the distribution heat networks of the city;
implementation of the method of dynamic central control of heat supply with optimization of heat carrier temperatures in the supply and return pipelines of heating mains;
ensuring the collection and archiving of data on the thermal and hydraulic modes of operation of heat sources, main heating networks, a pumping station and distribution heating networks of the city for monitoring, operational management and analysis of the functioning of the Minsk heating networks' central heating system;
creation of an effective system for protecting equipment of heat sources and heating networks in emergency situations;

creation information base to solve optimization problems that arise during the operation and modernization of objects of the Minsk heat supply system.

REFERENCE 1

The structure of the Minsk thermal networks includes 8 network districts (RTS), 1 thermal power plant, 9 boiler houses with a capacity of several hundred to a thousand megawatts. In addition, 12 step-down pumping stations and 209 central heating stations are serviced by the Minsk Heat Networks.

Organizational and production structure of the Minsk heat networks according to the "bottom-up" scheme:

the first (lower) level - heating network facilities, including central heating, ITP, thermal cameras and pavilions
the second level - workshops in thermal regions;
third level - heat sources, including district boiler houses (Kedyshko, Stepnyak, Shabany), peak boiler houses (Orlovskaya, Komsomolskaya Pravda, Kharkivskaya, Masyukovshchina, Kurasovshchina, Zapadnaya) and pumping stations;
the fourth (upper) level is the dispatching service of the enterprise.

The structure of the automated process control system of Minsk heating networks

In accordance with the production and organizational structure of the Minsk Heat Networks (see Reference 1), a four-level structure of the APCS of the Minsk Heat Networks was chosen:

the first (upper) level is the central control room of the enterprise;
the second level - operator stations of districts of thermal networks;
third level - operator stations of heat sources (operator stations of workshop sections of heating networks);
fourth (lower) level - stations automatic control installations (boiler units) and processes of transport and distribution of thermal energy (technological scheme of a heat source, heating points, heating networks, etc.).

The development (creation of an automated process control system for heat supply of the entire city of Minsk) involves the inclusion in the system at the second structural level of operator stations of heating complexes of Minsk CHPP-2, CHPP-3, CHPP-4 and an operator station (central dispatching room) of UE "Minskkommunteploset". All management levels are planned to be combined into a single computer network.

The architecture of the process control system for the heat supply system of Minsk

The analysis of the control object as a whole and the state of its individual elements, as well as the prospects for the development of the control system, made it possible to propose the architecture of a distributed automated control system for technological processes of the Minsk heat supply system within the facilities of RUE "Minskenergo". The corporate network integrates the computing resources of the central office and remote structural subdivisions, including automatic control stations (ACS) of objects in network areas. All ACS (TsTP, ITP, PNS) and scanning stations are connected directly to the operator stations of the respective network areas, presumably installed at master sites.

On the remote structural unit(for example, RTS-6) the following stations are installed (Fig. 1): operator station "RTS-6" (OPS RTS-6) - it is the control center of the network area and is installed on the master section of RTS-6. For operational personnel, RTS-6 provides access to all, without exception, information and control resources of ACS of all types, as well as access to authorized information resources of the central office. OpS RTS-6 provide regular scanning of all slave control stations.

The operational and commercial information collected from all central heating centers is sent for storage to a dedicated database server (installed in the immediate vicinity of the RTS-6 OpS).

Thus, taking into account the scale and topology of the control object and the existing organizational and production structure of the enterprise, the APCS of the Minsk Heat Networks is built according to a multi-link scheme using a hierarchical structure of software and hardware and computer networks that solve various control tasks at each level.

Management system levels

At the lower level, the control system performs:

preliminary processing and transmission of information;
regulation of the main technological parameters, functions of control optimization, protection of technological equipment.

TO technical means the lower level is subject to increased reliability requirements, including the possibility of autonomous operation in case of loss of communication with the upper level computer network.

The subsequent levels of the control system are built according to the hierarchy of the heat supply system and solve the tasks of the corresponding level, as well as provide an operator interface.

Control devices installed at facilities, in addition to their direct duties, should also provide for the possibility of aggregating them into distributed control systems. The control device must ensure the operability and safety of the information of objective primary accounting during long interruptions in communication.

The main elements of such a scheme are technological and operator stations interconnected by communication channels. The core of the technological station should be an industrial computer equipped with means of communication with the control object and channel adapters for organizing interprocessor communication. The main purpose of the technological station is the implementation of direct digital control algorithms. In technically justified cases, some functions can be performed in supervisory mode: the process station processor can control remote intelligent controllers or software logic modules using modern field interface protocols.

Informational aspect of building an automated process control system for heat supply

Particular attention during the development was paid to the informational aspect of building an automated process control system for heat supply. The completeness of the description of the production technology and the perfection of information conversion algorithms are essential part information support of automated process control systems, built on direct digital control technology. The information capabilities of the automated process control system for heat supply provide the ability to solve a set of engineering problems that classify:

by stages of the main technology (production, transport and consumption of thermal energy);
by purpose (identification, forecasting and diagnostics, optimization and management).

When creating an automated process control system for the Minsk heat networks, it is planned to form an information field that allows you to quickly solve the entire complex of the above tasks of identification, forecasting, diagnostics, optimization and management. At the same time, information provides the possibility of solving system problems of the upper level of management with the further development and expansion of automated process control systems as the relevant technical services ensuring the main technological process.

In particular, this applies to optimization problems, i.e., optimization of the production of heat and electrical energy, modes of supply of thermal energy, flow distribution in thermal networks, modes of operation of the main technological equipment of heat sources, as well as the calculation of the rationing of fuel and energy resources, energy accounting and operation, planning and forecasting the development of the heat supply system. In practice, the solution of some problems of this type is carried out within the framework of the enterprise automated control system. In any case, they must take into account the information obtained in the course of solving the problems of directly controlling the technological process, and the information system created by the process control system must be integrated with other information systems enterprises.

Methodology of software-object programming

Building software control system, which is an original development of the center team, is based on the methodology of program-object programming: in the memory of control and operator stations, software objects are created that display real processes, units and measuring channels of automated technological object. The interaction of these software objects (processes, aggregates and channels) with each other, as well as with operational personnel and with technological equipment, in fact, ensures the functioning of the elements of heat networks according to predefined rules or algorithms. Thus, the description of algorithms is reduced to the description of the most essential properties of these program objects and the ways of their interaction.

The synthesis of the structure of the control system of technical objects is based on the analysis of the technological scheme of the control object and detailed description technologies of the main processes and functioning inherent in this object as a whole.

A convenient tool for compiling this type of description for heat supply facilities is the methodology of mathematical modeling at the macro level. In the course of compiling a description of technological processes, a mathematical model is compiled, a parametric analysis is performed, and a list of adjustable and controlled parameters and regulatory bodies is determined.

The regime requirements of technological processes are specified, on the basis of which the boundaries of the permissible ranges for changing the regulated and controlled parameters and the requirements for the choice of actuators and regulatory bodies are determined. Based on the generalized information, the synthesis of an automated object control system is carried out, which, when using the direct digital control method, is built according to a hierarchical principle in accordance with the hierarchy of the control object.

ACS of the district boiler house

So, for a district boiler house (Fig. 2), an automated control system is built on the basis of two classes.

The upper level is the operator station "Boiler" (OPS "Boiler") - the main station that coordinates and controls the subordinate stations. Fire station “Boiler reserve” is a hot standby station, which is constantly in the mode of listening and registering the traffic of the main fire station and its subordinate ACS. Its database contains up-to-date parameters and complete historical performance data. working system management. At any time, a backup station can be assigned as the main station with full traffic transfer to it and the permission of supervisory control functions.

The lower level is a complex of automatic control stations united together with the operator station in a computer network:

ACS "Boiler unit" provides control of the boiler unit. As a rule, it is not reserved, since the reservation of the thermal power of the boiler house is carried out at the level of boiler units.
ACS "Grid Group" is responsible for the thermal-hydraulic mode of operation of the boiler house (control of a group of network pumps, bypass line at the outlet of the boiler room, bypass line, inlet and outlet valves of boilers, individual boiler recirculation pumps, etc.).
SAU "Vodopodgotovka" provides control of all auxiliary equipment of the boiler house, necessary for feeding the network.

For simpler objects of the heat supply system, for example, heat points and block boiler houses, the control system is built as a single-level one based on an automatic control station (SAU TsTP, SAU BMK). In accordance with the structure of heat networks, control stations of heat points are combined into a local area network of a heat network area and are connected to an operator station of a heat network area, which, in turn, has an information connection with an operator station of a higher level of integration.

Operator stations

The software of the operator station provides a friendly interface for the operating personnel controlling the operation of the automated technological complex. Operator stations have advanced means of operational dispatch control, as well as mass memory devices for organizing short-term and long-term archives of the state of the parameters of the technological control object and the actions of operational personnel.

In cases of large information flows that are closed to operational personnel, it is advisable to organize several operator stations with the allocation of a separate database server and, possibly, a communication server.

The operator station, as a rule, does not directly affect the control object itself - it receives information from technological stations and transmits directives to the operating personnel or tasks (settings) of supervisory control, generated automatically or semi-automatically. It forms workplace operator of a complex object, such as a boiler room.

Created system automated control provides for the construction of an intelligent add-on, which should not only monitor the disturbances that arise in the system and respond to them, but also predict the occurrence of emergency situations and block their occurrence. When changing the topology of the heat supply network and the dynamics of its processes, it is possible to adequately change the structure of the distributed control system by adding new control stations and (or) changing software objects without changing the equipment configuration of existing stations.

Efficiency of APCS of the heat supply system

An analysis of the operating experience of automated process control systems for heat supply enterprises 1 in a number of cities in Belarus and Russia, conducted over the past twenty years, has shown their economic efficiency and confirmed the viability decisions taken architecture, software and hardware.

In terms of their properties and characteristics, these systems meet the requirements of the ideology of smart grids. Nevertheless, work is constantly underway to improve and develop the developed automated control systems. The introduction of automated process control systems for heat supply increases the reliability and efficiency of the DH operation. The main saving of fuel and energy resources is determined by the optimization of the thermal-hydraulic modes of heating networks, the operating modes of the main and auxiliary equipment of heat sources, pumping stations and heating points.

Literature

Gromov N.K. Urban heating systems. M. : Energy, 1974. 256 p.
Popyrin L. S. Research of heat supply systems. M. : Nauka, 1989. 215 p.
Ionin A. A. Reliability of systems of thermal networks. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1989. 302 p.
Monakhov G. V. Modeling of control modes of heat networks. M.: Energoatomizdat, 1995. 224 p.
Sednin VA Theory and practice of creating automated heat supply control systems. Minsk: BNTU, 2005. 192 p.
Sednin V. A. Implementation of automated process control systems as a fundamental factor in improving the reliability and efficiency of heat supply systems // Technology, equipment, quality. Sat. mater. Belarusian Industrial Forum 2007, Minsk, May 15–18, 2007 / Expoforum – Minsk, 2007, pp. 121–122.
Sednin V. A. Optimization of the parameters of the temperature graph of heat supply in heating systems // Energetika. News of higher educational institutions and energy associations of the CIS. 2009. No. 4. S. 55–61.
Sednin V. A. The concept of creating an automated process control system for the Minsk heat networks / V. A. Sednin , A. V. Sednin, E. O. Voronov // Improving the efficiency of power equipment: Proceedings of the scientific and practical conference, in 2 v. T. 2. 2012. S. 481–500.

1 Created by the team of the Research and Innovation Center for Automated Control Systems in Heat Power and Industry of the Belarusian National Technical University.

Heat supply features are the rigid mutual influence of heat supply and heat consumption modes, as well as the multiplicity of supply points for several goods (thermal energy, power, coolant, hot water). The purpose of heat supply is not to provide generation and transport, but to maintain the quality of these goods for each consumer.

This goal was achieved relatively effectively with stable coolant flow rates in all elements of the system. The “quality” regulation we use, by its very nature, implies changing only the temperature of the coolant. The emergence of demand-controlled buildings ensured the unpredictability of hydraulic regimes in networks while maintaining the constancy of costs in the buildings themselves. Complaints in the neighboring houses had to be eliminated by excessive circulation and the corresponding mass overflows.

The hydraulic calculation models used today, despite their periodic calibration, cannot provide for accounting for deviations in costs at building inputs due to changes in internal heat generation and hot water consumption, as well as the influence of sun, wind and rain. With the actual qualitative-quantitative regulation, it is necessary to “see” the system in real time and provide:

control of the maximum number of delivery points;
reconciliation of current balances of supply, losses and consumption;
control action in case of unacceptable violation of modes.

Management should be as automated as possible, otherwise it is simply impossible to implement it. The challenge was to achieve this without undue expense of setting up checkpoints.

Today, when a large number of buildings have measuring systems with flow meters, temperature and pressure sensors, use them only for financial settlements unreasonable. ACS "Teplo" is built mainly on the generalization and analysis of information "from the consumer".

When creating ACS, we overcame typical problems legacy systems:

dependence on the correctness of calculations of metering devices and the reliability of data in unverifiable archives;
the impossibility of bringing together operational balances due to inconsistencies in the time of measurements;
inability to control rapidly changing processes;
non-compliance with new requirements information security federal law "On the security of critical information infrastructure Russian Federation».

Effects from the implementation of the system:

Consumer Services:

determination of real balances for all types of goods and commercial losses:
determination of possible off-balance sheet income;
control of actual power consumption and its compliance with technical specifications for connection;
introduction of restrictions corresponding to the level of payments;
transition to a two-part tariff;
monitoring KPIs for all services working with consumers and assessing the quality of their work.

Exploitation:

determination of technological losses and balances in heat networks;
dispatching and emergency control according to actual modes;
maintaining optimal temperature schedules;
monitoring the state of networks;
adjustment of heat supply modes;
control of shutdowns and violations of modes.

Development and investment:

reliable assessment of the results of the implementation of improvement projects;
assessment of the effects of investment costs;
development of heat supply schemes in real electronic models;
optimization of diameters and network configuration;
reduction of connection costs when taking into account real reserves bandwidth and energy saving for consumers;
renovation planning
organization of joint work of CHP and boiler houses.

The article is devoted to the use of the Trace Mode SCADA system for operational remote control of district heating facilities in the city. The facility where the described project was implemented is located in the south of the Arkhangelsk region (the city of Velsk). The project provides for operational monitoring and management of the process of preparing and distributing heat for heating and supplying hot water to vital facilities of the city.

ZAO SpetsTeploStroy, Yaroslavl

Statement of the problem and the necessary functions of the system

The goal that our company faced was to build a main network for heating a large part of the city, using advanced construction methods, where pre-insulated pipes were used to build the network. For this, fifteen kilometers of main heating networks and seven central heating points (CHPs) were built. Purpose of the central heating station - using superheated water from the GT-CHP (according to the schedule 130/70 °С), it prepares the heat carrier for intra-quarter heating networks (according to the schedule 95/70 °С) and heats the water up to 60 °С for the needs of domestic hot water supply (hot water supply), The TsTP operates on an independent, closed scheme.

When setting the task, many requirements were taken into account that ensure the energy-saving principle of operation of the CHP. Here are some of the most important ones:

To carry out weather-dependent control of the heating system;

Maintain the DHW parameters at a given level (temperature t, pressure P, flow G);

Maintain at a given level the parameters of the coolant for heating (temperature t, pressure P, flow G);

Organize commercial accounting of thermal energy and heat carrier in accordance with the current regulatory documents (RD);

Provide ATS (automatic transfer of reserve) pumps (network and hot water supply) with motor resource equalization;

Perform correction of the main parameters according to the calendar and real time clock;

Perform periodic data transmission to the control room;

Perform diagnostics of measuring instruments and operating equipment;

Lack of staff on duty at the central heating station;

Monitor and promptly report to maintenance personnel on the occurrence of emergency situations.

As a result of these requirements, the functions of the operational-remote control system being created were determined. The main and auxiliary means of automation and data transmission were selected. A choice of SCADA-system was made to ensure the operability of the system as a whole.

Necessary and sufficient functions of the system:

1_Information functions:

Measurement and control of technological parameters;

Signaling and registration of parameter deviations from the established limits;

Formation and issuance of operational data to personnel;

Archiving and viewing the history of parameters.

2_Control functions:

Automatic regulation of important process parameters;

Remote control of peripheral devices (pumps);

Technological protection and blocking.

3_Service functions:

Self-diagnostics of software and hardware complex in real time;

Data transmission to the control room on schedule, upon request and in the event of an emergency;

Testing the operability and correct functioning of computing devices and input/output channels.

What influenced the choice of automation tools

and software?

The choice of basic automation tools was mainly based on three factors - this is the price, reliability and versatility of settings and programming. Thus, free programmable controllers of the PCD2-PCD3 series by Saia-Burgess were chosen for independent work in the central heating station and for data transmission. To create a control room, the domestic SCADA system Trace Mode 6 was chosen. For data transmission, it was decided to use the usual cellular communication: use a regular voice channel for data transmission and SMS messages for prompt notification of personnel about the occurrence of emergency situations.

What is the working principle of the system

and features of the implementation of control in Trace Mode?

As with many similar systems, managerial functions for a direct impact on the regulatory mechanisms are given to the lower level, and already the control of the entire system as a whole - to the upper. I deliberately omit the description of the work of the lower level (controllers) and the process of data transfer and will go straight to the description of the upper one.

For ease of use, the control room is equipped with a personal computer (PC) with two monitors. Data from all points are collected on the dispatch controller and transmitted via the RS-232 interface to the OPC server running on a PC. The project is implemented in Trace Mode version 6 and is designed for 2048 channels. This is the first stage of the implementation of the described system.

A feature of the implementation of the task in Trace Mode is an attempt to create a multi-window interface with the ability to monitor the process of heat supply in on-line mode, both on the city diagram and on the mnemonic diagrams of heat points. The use of a multi-window interface allows solving the problems of displaying a large amount of information on the dispatcher's display, which should be sufficient and at the same time non-redundant. The principle of a multi-window interface allows access to any process parameters in accordance with the hierarchical structure of windows. It also simplifies the implementation of the system at the facility, since such an interface appearance very similar to the widespread products of the Microsoft family and has similar menu equipment and toolbars familiar to any user of a personal computer.

On fig. 1 shows the main screen of the system. It schematically displays the main heating network with an indication of the heat source (CHP) and central heating points (from the first to the seventh). The screen displays information about the occurrence of emergency situations at the facilities, the current outdoor air temperature, the date and time of the last data transfer from each point. Heat supply objects are provided with pop-up hints. When an abnormal situation occurs, the object on the diagram begins to “blink”, and an event record and a red flashing indicator appear in the alarm report next to the date and time of data transmission. It is possible to view the enlarged thermal parameters for the CHP and for the entire heating network as a whole. To do this, disable the display of the list of the report of alarms and warnings (button "OTiP").

Rice. one. Main screen of the system. Scheme of the location of heat supply facilities in the city of Velsk

There are two ways to switch to the mnemonic diagram of a heat point - you need to click on the icon on the city map or on the button with the heat point inscription.

The mnemonic diagram of the substation opens on the second screen. This is done both for the convenience of monitoring a specific situation at the central heating station, and for monitoring the general state of the system. On these screens, all controlled and adjustable parameters are visualized in real time, including parameters that are read from heat meters. Everything technological equipment and measuring instruments are provided with pop-up hints in accordance with the technical documentation.

The image of equipment and automation means on the mnemonic diagram is as close as possible to the real view.

On the next level multi-window interface is implemented direct control heat transfer process, change settings, view the characteristics of the operating equipment, monitor the parameters in real time with a history of changes.

On fig. 2 shows a screen interface for viewing and managing the main automation tools (control controller and heat meter). On the controller management screen, it is possible to change telephone numbers for sending SMS messages, prohibit or allow the transmission of emergency and information messages, control the frequency and amount of data transmission, and set parameters for self-diagnostics of measuring instruments. On the screen of the heat meter, you can view all settings, change available settings and control the mode of data exchange with the controller.

Rice. 2. Control screens for the Vzlet TSRV heat calculator and PCD253 controller

On fig. 3 shows pop-up panels for control equipment (control valve and pump groups). It displays the current status of this equipment, error details and some parameters needed for self-diagnosis and verification. So, for pumps very important parameters are the dry running pressure, the MTBF and the turn-on delay.

Rice. 3. Control panel for pump groups and control valve

On fig. 4 shows screens for monitoring parameters and control loops in graphical form with the ability to view the history of changes. All controlled parameters of the heat substation are displayed on the parameters screen. They are grouped by physical meaning (temperature, pressure, flow, amount of heat, thermal power, lighting). All control loops of parameters are displayed on the screen of control loops and the current value of the parameter is displayed, given the dead zone, the position of the valve and the selected control law. All this data on the screens is divided into pages, similar to the generally accepted design in Windows applications.

Rice. 4. Screens for graphic display of parameters and control loops

All screens can be moved across the space of two monitors while performing multiple tasks at the same time. All necessary parameters for trouble-free operation of the heat distribution system are available in real time.

How long has the system been in development?how many developers were there?

The basic part of the dispatching and control system in Trace Mode was developed within one month by the author of this article and launched in the city of Velsk. On fig. a photograph is presented from the temporary control room, where the system is installed and is undergoing trial operation. At the moment, our organization is putting into operation one more heating point and an emergency source of heat. It is at these facilities that a special control room is being designed. After its commissioning, all eight heat points will be included in the system.

Rice. 5. Temporary dispatcher's workplace

During the operation of the automated process control system, various comments and wishes from the dispatching service arise. Thus, the process of updating the system is constantly underway to improve the operational properties and convenience of the dispatcher.

What is the effect of introducing such a management system?

Advantages and disadvantages

In this article, the author does not set the task of assessing the economic effect of the introduction of a management system in numbers. However, the savings are obvious due to the reduction of personnel involved in the maintenance of the system, a significant reduction in the number of accidents. In addition, the environmental impact is obvious. It should also be noted that the introduction of such a system allows you to quickly respond and eliminate situations that may lead to unforeseen consequences. The payback period for the entire complex of works (construction of a heating main and heating points, installation and commissioning, automation and dispatching) for the customer will be 5-6 years.

The advantages of a working control system can be given:

Visual presentation of information on the graphic image of the object;

As for the animation elements, they were added to the project in a special way to improve the visual effect of viewing the program.

Prospects for the development of the system

1. The distribution of the heat load of consumers of thermal energy in the heat supply system between the sources of thermal energy supplying thermal energy in this heat supply system is carried out by the body authorized in accordance with this federal law for approval of the heat supply scheme, by making annual changes to the heat supply scheme.

2. In order to distribute the heat load of consumers of thermal energy, all heat supply organizations that own sources of thermal energy in this heat supply system are required to submit to the body authorized in accordance with this Federal Law to approve the heat supply scheme, an application containing information:

1) on the amount of heat energy that the heat supply organization undertakes to supply to consumers and heat supply organizations in this heat supply system;

2) on the amount of capacity of thermal energy sources, which the heat supply organization undertakes to maintain;

3) on current tariffs in the field of heat supply and predicted specific variable costs for the production of thermal energy, heat carrier and power maintenance.

3. The heat supply scheme should define the conditions under which it is possible to supply thermal energy to consumers from various sources of thermal energy while maintaining the reliability of heat supply. In the presence of such conditions, the distribution of heat load between sources of heat energy is carried out on a competitive basis in accordance with the criterion of minimum specific variable costs for the production of heat energy by sources of heat energy, determined in the manner established by the fundamentals pricing in the field of heat supply, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, on the basis of applications from organizations that own sources of thermal energy, and standards taken into account when regulating tariffs in the field of heat supply for the corresponding period of regulation.

4. If the heat supply organization does not agree with the distribution of the heat load carried out in the heat supply scheme, it has the right to appeal the decision on such distribution, adopted by the body authorized in accordance with this Federal Law to approve the heat supply scheme, to the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.

5. Heat supply organizations and heat network organizations operating in the same heat supply system, annually before the start of the heating period, are required to conclude an agreement between themselves on the management of the heat supply system in accordance with the rules for organizing heat supply, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

6. The subject of the agreement specified in part 5 of this article is the procedure for mutual actions to ensure the functioning of the heat supply system in accordance with the requirements of this Federal Law. The obligatory conditions of this agreement are:

1) determining the subordination of dispatching services of heat supply organizations and heat network organizations, the procedure for their interaction;

2) the procedure for organizing the adjustment of heat networks and regulating the operation of the heat supply system;

3) the procedure for ensuring access of the parties to the agreement or, by mutual agreement of the parties to the agreement, to another organization to heat networks for the adjustment of heat networks and regulation of the operation of the heat supply system;

4) the procedure for interaction between heat supply organizations and heat network organizations in emergency situations and emergencies.

7. If the heat supply organizations and heat network organizations have not concluded the agreement specified in this article, the procedure for managing the heat supply system is determined by the agreement concluded for the previous heating period, and if such an agreement has not been concluded earlier, the specified procedure is established by the body authorized in accordance with this Federal law for approval of the heat supply scheme.

Article 18. Distribution of heat load and management of heat supply systems

1. The distribution of the heat load of consumers of thermal energy in the heat supply system between those supplying thermal energy in this heat supply system is carried out by the body authorized in accordance with this Federal Law to approve the heat supply scheme by making annual changes to the heat supply scheme.

1) on the amount of heat energy that the heat supply organization undertakes to supply to consumers and heat supply organizations in this heat supply system;

2) on the amount of capacity of thermal energy sources, which the heat supply organization undertakes to maintain;

3) on current tariffs in the field of heat supply and predicted specific variable costs for the production of thermal energy, heat carrier and power maintenance.

3. In the heat supply scheme, the conditions must be determined under which it is possible to supply thermal energy to consumers from various sources of thermal energy while maintaining the reliability of heat supply. In the presence of such conditions, the distribution of heat load between sources of heat energy is carried out on a competitive basis in accordance with the criterion of minimum specific variable costs for the production of heat energy by sources of heat energy, determined in the manner established by the pricing principles in the field of heat supply, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, on the basis of applications organizations that own sources of thermal energy, and standards taken into account when regulating tariffs in the field of heat supply for the corresponding period of regulation.

4. If the heat supply organization does not agree with the distribution of the heat load carried out in the heat supply scheme, it has the right to appeal against the decision on such distribution, taken by the body authorized in accordance with this Federal Law to approve the heat supply scheme, to the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.

1) determining the subordination of dispatching services of heat supply organizations and heat network organizations, the procedure for their interaction;

4) the procedure for interaction between heat supply organizations and heat network organizations in emergency situations and emergencies.