Kolpakova Natalia
Formation of interest in reading fiction in children preschool age.
Kolpakova N. B. educator MBDOU DS No. 390, Chelyabinsk
People stop thinking
Danny Diderot
Instill in your child a taste for reading -
the best gift we can give him.
When I was 6 years old, I really wanted to quickly learn to read. My parents always read to my sister and me. Not a day went by without reading. But I still missed him. I dreamed about how I myself will plunge into the magical world literature, I will be next to the heroes of fairy tales and stories and no one say: "Enough for today".
Unfortunately, at the present time you will not often meet families in which parents instill in their children a love of the book. There are fewer people who read. In the best case, the mother reads to the baby for a few minutes before going to bed. Adults are always busy or tired. Parental attention to children is replaced by a TV and a computer. It is unfortunate that the meaning of the book, fiction is underestimated today.
« Reading is here the best teaching . To follow the thought of a great man is the most entertaining science ”- maybe someone will remember at least the first part of this statement by A. S. Pushkin. and here's another one: It is no exaggeration to say that reading in the years of childhood it is, first of all, the education of the heart, the touch of human nobility to the innermost corners of the child's soul. A word that reveals noble ideas forever deposits in a child's heart grains of humanity that make up conscience. These are the words of V. A. Sukhomlinsky. Maybe because modern children do not feel the need for reading, because "grains of humanity" less and less in our lives.
Benefits cannot be underestimated reading. First of all, reading develops speech and affects the quality and quantity of the child's vocabulary. A person who reads has a better memory and concentration. Reading helps in the development of figurative thinking and in teaching literacy, makes it possible to learn to analyze, capture the meaning, develops oratory skills. If parents regularly read to their child art books, then the baby expands his horizons, increases intelligence, formed cognitive activity and positive moral qualities. For example literary characters, the child learns to respect the world around him, learns the intricacies of human relationships.
The child's love for books, planted in childhood, will help form perseverance and help in learning (development of strong-willed effort when performing tasks of varying complexity).
The question arises when to start instilling love for the book, develop interest in reading fiction?
From the earliest age you can read aloud to your child. A few minutes a day. Let it be fun and jokes. Such reading promotes emotional development baby, his rapprochement with his mother. Based on my own experience, I can say that in a few days the child will begin to pay attention to the book in the hands of the mother and smile. I started reading to my son, and it’s not easy to tell fairy tales and nursery rhymes aloud when he was 5-6 months old.
But the most optimal for adaptation to Reading psychologists consider the age of three to seven years. The best time for reading considered time before bedtime. This can become a good ritual that helps the child relieve the tension that has accumulated during the day, push all problems into the background, and relax. However, it is worth reading during the day. WITH age children need more and more information, the need for positive emotions is growing. Therefore, it is worth gradually increasing the time reading and increase the level of complexity of the books. Children listen with pleasure, and more than once, to fairy tales based on which cartoons: "The Adventures of Leopold the Cat", "Three from Prostokvashino", "Winnie the Pooh", Carlson, "The Adventures of Pinocchio", "Dr. Aibolit" etc. Even if the child has already seen the cartoon, read the story. Unlike animation, which is perceived as a set of individual frames and the child does not catch the meaning, books make you think and experience.
In recent years, as an educator, I have noticed that the number of children with speech problems. And sometimes, even at 3-4 years old, the child does not have the vocabulary recommended by the kindergarten program and cannot express what he wants. Therefore, parents should be encouraged to read to their children as much as possible. Reading will increase the child's vocabulary, help develop phonemic hearing and the ability to pronounce sounds correctly, learn to understand different intonations.
I often talk with the parents of my pupils about the benefits reading. I recommend which books and when to read. I try to find out what my child likes to do in his free time at home. Many parents listen to advice. Today, thanks to the joint efforts of teachers and parents, in our group of 24 pupils, only five, unfortunately, do not show interest in reading.
Here are some tips for parents on how to teach preschooler to read:
1. Let the child understand that reading It's a great pleasure, incomparable with anything. In this case, your personal example will be the most effective. Read for yourself. Tell your child what the book is about. Children love to imitate adults.
3. Even when the child learns to read, do not stop reading aloud to him for as long as possible. Expressive reading adults will help to connect the words with the images that arise in his imagination. An adult will help to understand the text by explaining the meaning of unfamiliar words and expressions and answering questions. At 7-9 years old, it is difficult for a child to focus on one thing for a long time, his eyes get tired quickly, some phrases and words may be incomprehensible. That's why reading becomes an unpleasant occupation and this hostility can be fixed for life.
5. At 5-7 years old, read "with continuation", interrupting reading in an interesting place. This will intrigue the child, make him want to know what will happen next.
6. After reading a book, don't "forget" about her. Let it become the subject of discussion, dispute, exchange of impressions. Invite the child to compose a story, imagine himself in the place of the heroes, find his own solution to the situation.
7. Read books with good illustrations. Try to remember the last name with your child graphic designer. Offer to come up with and draw your own pictures for the work, a portrait of the hero.
8. Take your child to the library. Consider different publications: art books, reference books, albums.
9. Buy educational books and children's encyclopedias with the most interesting information for the child, deluxe editions with beautiful photographs: space, cats, dinosaurs, countries, dolls, etc.
10. Cultivate a respect for the book. Tell your child about handling book: you can not draw on the pages, bend the book, cut out pictures, use books instead of cubes, etc.
11. Can "revive" characters of fairy tales and stories, molding them from plasticine or gluing them from paper and arranging a home theater.
12. Designate a special place in the room where the child's books will be, so that he himself can take them when he wants.
13. Do not try to replace the TV or computer with a book. Just clearly regulate the time of watching TV shows and computer games.
14. You can start a family tradition reading - 2-3 times a week, in the evenings, arrange an hour reading. At the same time, the TV and computer are turned off and all family members, without exception, take part in the event.
Years of experience with preschoolers proves that work on It is very important to develop children's interest in reading. Improving the skills of speech culture is a necessary component of education, human intelligence. The speech of any person, enriched with well-aimed sayings, figurative expressions, phraseological units, proverbs and sayings, becomes bright, lively, expressive. Therefore, I would like to give some recommendations to young teachers.
1. In kindergarten It is advisable to start reading to children at an early age. age, gradually complicating the subject. Products are best selected according to the season. For example, in winter it is advisable to read fairy tales to children « The Snow Queen» , "12 months", fairy tale "Adventures in Dedmorozovka", "Winter in Prostokvashino", poems about the New Year's holiday and about winter, riddles about the weather and natural phenomena. Then the heroes of the works can become characters in children's drawings, applications, collective children's works. There are also heroes in the scripts for New Year's parties winter fairy tales performed children and adults.
2. During reading be sure to consider and compare illustrations of different artists to one work. After reading In books, I often suggest that children draw their favorite characters, make illustrations. The children are happy to take on the role. graphic designer, invent landscapes and portraits.
3. In addition, be sure to conduct a discussion of the reading, during which you learn children analyze different situations and actions of the heroes of the work. Give children the opportunity to express their attitude to what they heard and come up with their own ways of solving and acting in problem situations. situations:
How could you answer?
Why shouldn't it have been done that way?
What can be done to correct the error;
How to make peace, etc.
As a result, children transfer the positive experience of the relationship of heroes into their lives. The names of some characters become common nouns.
4. When reading literary works pay attention children not only on the content, but also on their art form. Through this you will learn children to distinguish between literary genres(fairy tale, story, poem, nursery rhyme, proverb, saying, riddle, understand the meaning of figurative expressions and phraseological units, develop a poetic ear.
5. While reading, focus on the characteristics and mood of the characters, their dialogues and relationships, description of facial expressions and gestures. You can invite children to portray the character they like, compare it with other characters.
6. Use artistic works not only in the classroom. Read to children at any convenient time time: in the morning and evening, when the weather is bad, before going to bed.
7. Talk to children about the books their parents read to them.
8. Start a tradition in your group to celebrate a book holiday. For example:
Having taught children love books, you will teach them to love and understand their native language, to express their thoughts grammatically correctly, logically, expressively, accurately. After all, according to how a person builds his statement, how much Interesting he knows how to tell, one can judge his mental, emotional and aesthetic development.
Reading 12 min.
The vast majority of parents of preschoolers strive for their child to learn to read in kindergarten, to have an interest in reading, considering this skill to be one of the most important indicators of his readiness for school.
At the same time, the general level of interest in books and reading in society is rapidly declining.
- What is the reason for this paradox?
- What is really meant by teaching preschoolers to read?
- How to develop a love of books in a child from childhood?
The generation that reads
Preschool childhood is exactly the time when it is worth introducing a child to a book. It's about not so much about teaching preschool children to read, but, first of all, about the formation of interest in this process, the ability and desire to work with a book, and the education of a reading culture.
Unfortunately, today it is becoming more and more difficult to realize this task. To a large extent, due to the irrepressible craving of modern children for multimedia entertainment, which dominates all possible sources of knowledge and development, including reading.
In our opinion, the low interest of the modern generation in books is a great tragedy, and it has at least two components - neurophysiological and cultural. Thus, Oxford scientists and the French neurophysiologist S. Degene proved that while reading, those areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in other activities begin to function.
This is due to the so-called effect of "immersion" in the book, when a person mentally imagines himself in the place of a hero, builds in his imagination images of other characters, the artistic world. This effect does not occur when watching TV or playing a computer game.
The interest of the modern generation in books
The lack of reading directly affects the formation of the structure and functioning of the child's brain.
If we talk about the cultural aspect, then books are the most direct channel for “turning on” ancestral memory, that is, the transfer of cultural heritage from generation to generation.
Therefore, such a dislike of the current generation to the book has a negative impact on the current, and possibly on the future state of the culture of society. Often, adults themselves, unwittingly, discourage a child's interest in reading and in a book.
Some parents take the reading process so “seriously” that they often encourage their kids to memorize the alphabet at an early age (that is, at 1.5-3 years old!)
Therefore, as psychologist L. Shibaeva notes, interest in reading and reading technique can be formed, but reading as a full-fledged activity that has the status of cultural value does not add up.
Meanwhile, in many countries of the world, the test of the formation of reading skills is based on the criterion of reading literacy - the ability of a person to comprehend written texts and reflect on them, to use their content to achieve their own goals, self-development.
How to ensure that the child reads consciously and with pleasure?
Before learning to read
Interest in reading is brought up, first of all, through the development of the cognitive activity of the child. The child must be formed the need to know the world and yourself, look for answers to your “whys” on your own AND with the help of an adult, communicate with people, nature, art.
The adult's task is to help the child realize that the book is one of the means of learning new things, and the artistic word is high art.
In addition, according to many scientists, before a child begins to read, he must master speech well and have an interest in reading.
The kid must master the sound culture of speech: have developed articulatory apparatus, speech breathing and hearing; be able to clearly and correctly pronounce the sounds of the native language, understand. how sounds are formed into words in speech; "recognize" phonemes (basic sounds), identify sounds in environment(voices of animals, traffic noise, music, etc.).
The child must have a rich vocabulary; grammatically correct speech (the ability to coordinate words in gender, number, case, build various types of sentences); coherent speech is developed (the ability to ask and answer the question posed, retell the text, compose a story, etc.) according to age capabilities.
First, you should teach the child to listen, speak, perceive, understand the speeches of others, and only then - to read and write.
The role of an adult in shaping interest in reading
The best way to nurture an active reader is by example. Adults should read books themselves, show how to handle them: look at the cover, reading the title and author. carefully flipping pages, carefully examining illustrations, and the like.
The child's interest in reading and awareness of the content of the read (listened) work is largely influenced by the skill of reading by adults.
The expressive reading of an adult stimulates the work of the imagination of children: they clearly imagine the characters of the work, the setting of the action, pictures of nature, and the like. On the basis of emotional perception, an attitude to the actions of the characters, their adequate assessment is formed.
Reading a work becomes a verbal action, the purpose of which is to sharpen the feelings of children, give impetus to their thoughts, and evoke an emotional response.
Interest in reading - emotional support for children's desire to read
No less important is the emotional support of a child's desire to read or get acquainted with a book. Looking through an interesting book together with an adult, at an early age, the baby pays attention not only to the image, but also to the texts, and words and letters in them. He has a desire to "read", imitating an adult.
The kid can independently take a book (even upside down) and, moving his finger along the text, “read” his favorite fairy tale or poem, reproducing them from memory. At this time, it is important that an adult is nearby, praising the child. stimulated with remarks like: “Oh, how interesting! What happened next? How did this story end? etc.
It is worth creating an environment that will stimulate the cognitive and creative activity of the child. It is appropriate to allocate a separate place for a child’s books - open, well-lit, next to equip a table with materials for visual arts.
In order not to discourage the baby from reading (listening, examining), you should not impose it on him. If the child's interest in reading and books fades, move on to another activity, and leave the book in plain sight. The child will definitely return to her after a while.
Leading Methods for Teaching Children to Read
In modern world pedagogy, there are two main, essentially opposite, methods: the method of "whole words" and phonological.
According to the “whole words” method (in Ukraine it is better known as the Glen Doman method), children are taught to recognize words as whole units, without breaking them into components. That is, babies are not taught either the names of letters or sounds.
The phonological method, on the contrary, presupposes, first of all, the mastering by children of sounds and their graphic designations - letters, with their subsequent combination into words during reading.
Good results were given by the method of "whole words", they gave impetus to discussions about or in general it is necessary to teach phonetics to preschool children. At the beginning of the 20th century, foreign scientists conducted a series of studies aimed at finding out which method is more effective. In particular, such an experiment was set up.
One subgroup of children was taught to read using the whole word method, the other - using the phonological method. When the children began to read, they were tested. At the first stage, children from the first group read aloud and to themselves better, but unfamiliar words caused them significant difficulties.
Attempts to assign a single meaning to each word led to the fact that for the entire year of study, these children could not learn to read new words without the help of an adult.
“Phonological” children coped with unfamiliar words more easily and by the end of the 2nd grade they surpassed their peers in terms of perception and vocabulary richness. Therefore, in world practice, preference is given to the phonological method of teaching reading.
Recent studies have confirmed that people spell words, but since this process occurs instantly, it seems that we immediately perceive the word as a whole. Moreover, while reading to yourself, the same part of the brain is involved as when reading aloud, that is, reading is the pronunciation of the text in the internal plan.
Scientists have found that the ability and interest in reading are directly related to the knowledge of letters and sounds, the ability to distinguish phonemes in oral speech. These skills at the beginning are even more important than the general level of intelligence.
Thus, in order to have an interest in reading, and the child began to read freely, it is necessary to easily and quickly recognize letters and correlate them with sounds.
It is important that the child gradually comes to understand that the word that is spoken consists of different sounds. To do this, kids of three or four years old should be offered a variety of games with sounds and words.
For example, in the game “Catch the sound”, an adult invites children to “catch” (clap their hands when they hear) the corresponding sound: “I will name different sounds, and you will only catch the sound [h] - a mosquito song.”
In the game “Replace the sound”, an adult offers the baby: “Speech instead of sound [d] in the word“ oak ”sound [s]. What word came out? (Tooth). And what word can be formed if you replace the last sound in this word? (Shower).
The game "Wand, knock!" suggests that children easily tap with a stick each time they hear a certain sound (at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of a word). You can also practice recognizing the full composition. As a rule, preschoolers are better at syllables and worse at sounds.
This means that children of this age are not yet sensitive enough to the individual sounds (phonemes) that make up words. Therefore, in order for them to successfully master reading, it is necessary to carry out thorough work on the development of their phonemic hearing, articulatory dexterity, and the formation of a sound culture.
For reading to be conscious
Reading will be useful for the child only if she understands the content of the text. In order to prepare a preschooler for conscious reading, we advise you to use the following tips.
Look at and discuss the illustrations. Talk about the pages you have read and take turns describing what is shown in the pictures. It would be appropriate to receive a deliberate mistake, which encourages the baby to be attentive, to correct the mistakes of an adult.
Actively communicate with the child on the content of the read, stimulate her to verbal creativity
Give preference to dialogic reading. Just reading to a child is not enough. It is worth encouraging her to come up with alternative endings, to connect that. what is depicted and written on the pages of books, with her own experience, to talk about the letters and sounds encountered there. This type of reading is called dialogical.
Play different types of games according to the content of the read: didactic with words; dramatization games, dramatizations, creative games and others.
Teach your child to work with a book. Focus the baby's attention on the fact that the work is created by the author (one, two or many people - the people). Each work has a title, which is written in the content and on the page (cover).
It is important to consolidate the child's knowledge of the main literary genres and types: a poem, a fairy tale, a story, a fable. This will help her in the future to study literature at school, navigate in collections of works, and in the future - to be determined in literary preferences, to be an active, conscious reader, a cultured person.
True reading is an interest in reading, the translation of printed text into oral speech and awareness of the meaning of what is read.
Real reading is the translation of printed text into oral speech and awareness of the meaning of what is read. Therefore, it is important to teach a child already at preschool age not to confuse sound and letter; merge sounds and letters into syllables, syllables into words, and words into sentences; practically operate with the concepts of “sound”, “word”, “sentence”, “text”; work actively with the book. This is what most current pre-school education programs assume.
Teaching preschoolers to read
Your child is a preschooler and you have already purchased a colorful primer or preschool reading books for him, but no results? In this case, you need to follow the sequence in training.
The kid begins to analyze objects, try to influence them, and consciously apply them for their intended purpose at the age of 4-5 years. At the same time, he is well mastering the ordinal account, he can prepare for writing with the help of special capital notebooks. But at this age it is better to start learning only letters, with the help of games and colorful pictures.
Reading should be done when the child learns all the letters and easily begins to distinguish them. The period (age 6-7 years) is just right, which, according to psychologists and speech therapists, is the most favorable for starting learning to read by syllables for preschoolers using cubes or colored typed letters. Especially at this age there is an active desire to learn and interest in reading.
Methods of teaching reading to preschoolers
The formation of reading skills in a child is a rather complex and time-consuming process. Classes for teaching reading to preschoolers must be divided into several stages.
Stage 1 - learn and memorize letters. At this stage, the child is taught to distinguish letters and understand their correct pronunciation and reading (“EM” - “M”; “ES” - “C”).
Stage 2 - reading syllables with varying degrees of complexity. Here the child learns the connection between syllables and their pronunciation. At this stage, more difficulties appear. Here the most effective method one can single out learning to merge syllables by imitation or drawings-hints.
Stage 3 - we begin to understand the meaning of the read word. This stage in the development of the ability to comprehend the read text must begin when reading becomes like proclaiming a whole word, and not individual syllables.
For this stage, it is necessary to perform exercises for reading preschoolers: read words slowly, with an increasing pace, and with varying degrees of tonality increase in the voice. Then find out in which words the baby did not understand their meaning and explain.
Further, the adult calls an adjective or a verb, and the child selects words for him from those that he read, for example, “shoe” - the answer is: “boots” and the like. It is also good at this stage to read the captions to the illustrations.
At stage 4, the child learns to understand the meaning of the read sentence or short texts for reading by preschoolers.
IN At present, the problem of developing schoolchildren's interest in reading is becoming a generational problem: the book in any of its forms is moving away faster and faster, interest in reading is declining. Television, the Internet are gradually replacing the book from the pedestal that it occupied until recently. Now, in order to know and keep abreast of the latest achievements of scientific thought, it is not at all necessary to read. It is enough to draw information from the TV screen or display. Children master the computer before they learn to read, navigate the keyboard better than the table of contents of the book. Their literary experience is limited to attempts to master the works of the school curriculum in an abridged version. It is bitter, painful, insulting, because once we were the most reading country in the world. Before the teacher of literature, in my opinion, there is one of major tasks modernity - to revive the student's interest in reading, relegated to the background.
It is impossible to educate a creative person without a book: reading develops cognitive processes, personal culture, and forms receptivity. The process of learning to read should be continuous, starting with elementary school, and ideally should teach the child to see a work of art in the book. Traditionally, acquaintance with literature at the middle level begins with the study of folklore. A characteristic feature of this course is the first acquaintance of the student with the concept means of expression literary language. In this regard, folklore is the richest material for such literary devices as allegory, simile, metaphor, epithets, personification, and others. From the point of view of the development of "ability to read" for me, as a teacher of literature, the following types of tasks are interesting:
1) consider typical fairy-tale animals and determine what features of the human character they identify;
2) trace which folk human names are traditional for animals and people in Russian fairy tales, and which in foreign ones, and how this is connected with the character of the hero;
3) draw the student's attention to the similarity of many folk tales;
4) analyze the epithets used to describe negative and positive characters (for example, 2-3 fairy tales), what comparisons are used in this case;
5) invite students to determine the character and appearance of the hero using the epithets written out;
6) according to the illustrations for the fairy tale, characterize the hero using the appropriate literary techniques (for given task especially effective is the use of reproductions of popular prints and Palekh painting in the lesson), you can invite students in grade 5 to draw an illustration for the work themselves;
7) create a presentation of your favorite fairy tale or favorite character.
According to my observations, such tasks awaken students' interest in the text as an object of study. And the elements of the game and competition make it easier for students to get acquainted with the basics of literary criticism and develop analysis skills literary works.
In order to increase reader interest and general aesthetic development, it is advisable to use interdisciplinary connections more widely, primarily between fine arts and music. As a result, I am doing the following:
I suggest that the children make verbal portraits of the characters by listening to musical passages;
I propose to compare episodes from musical and literary works and analyze expressive means;
I organize a quiz "Guess who's coming?" (by a musical fragment, determine the hero, find a match in the text of the work);
I propose to prepare illustrations of the most memorable moments of the work.
In the process of studying poetic works, it is necessary to achieve students' understanding that a poem is a poetic image, and not just rhyme and rhythm. The most effective way to develop reading skills is the widespread use of expressive reading in the classroom. From the point of view of V.I. Chernyshev, “reading is clear, distinct, although not loud” is easy to listen to and understand, the main thing when reading is “to express the feeling of what is being read, and not one’s own”, which is possible only if one deeply penetrates into the content of the text. The ability to think about what is read and convey what is understood by the movement of the voice, intonation, has a beneficial effect on the formation of communication skills.
By developing mature reading skills in students, I, as a teacher, prepare them for various kinds reproduction of what has been read, primarily to retellings - brief and detailed. On the basis of reading and analyzing texts, students master the skills of presenting their own thoughts: they follow the path from observing thoughts to independently reproducing thoughts.
Due to the large volume of the text of a literary work studied in high school, there is a problem of lack of study time for a more detailed consideration of all the points of interest of the work, therefore, extra-curricular thematic events are of great help in increasing the interest of schoolchildren in the work. In my opinion, the following activities have the greatest interest and practical effect:
1) literary evenings, where students are invited to stage an episode of various literary works (moreover, both works and episodes can be chosen independently by schoolchildren within the framework of the theme of the literary evening);
2) literary "Brain Ring", "What? Where? When?”, “Happy chance”, “The smartest”, “Clever and clever”, where the participating teams are offered excerpts from the work in order to determine the author and title; you can prepare questions on the work or creativity of any writer, determined by the theme of the game (in this case, the questions can be prepared by the students themselves).
These activities make it possible to assess the horizons, areas of interest, the degree of susceptibility of a literary text by students, as well as to trace the dynamics of the child's intellectual development.
I strongly recommend that high school students keep a reading diary, the purpose of which is to help prepare for the lesson and, most importantly, help prepare for the exam. In the reader's diary, I highlight the following sections:
2. Title of the work
3. Main characters (their characteristics)
5.Problems
6. Commentary on the problems (short)
7. Note (what the work teaches, what you liked, the general impression, maybe some aphorisms, etc.)
The reader's diary is one of the ways to support reading in schools, to instill a culture of reading, to control the student's activity as a reader.
One of effective ways increasing the reading interest of high school students, I consider the holding of extracurricular reading lessons. These are not standard classes, but lessons based on the material of modern youth literature, which are held in conjunction with the children's library No. 8.
Modern literature is of particular interest to teenagers. How to make extracurricular reading lessons on this topic interesting and necessary for modern boys and girls? Together with the children's library, we conduct extracurricular reading lessons based on works of modern literature. The guys offer a work of modern literature, with which we go to the library for discussion. The responsible group prepares an abstract, additional questions and video footage. The teacher and the librarian think over the form of the lesson, develop questions for the debate.
Collaboration with the children's library creates conditions for interesting lessons on modern literature, which causes a keen interest in adolescents, a desire to read works of Russian literature.
Without a personal example of a teacher, I think it is impossible to arouse interest in reading, so I go to the library with children with pleasure, observe the manifestation of their reading interest, choose books together, try to find answers to our questions. To teach a child to think, to reason, to awaken in him feelings and a desire to create - this, in my opinion, is the most cherished desire of any teacher.
We live in difficult times and only the ability to dialogue will allow us all to preserve human dignity and always remember “how our word will respond” in the hearts and minds of our students...
V. Sukhomlinsky
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Reading is the window through which
children see and know the world and themselves.
V. Sukhomlinsky
Parents of many schoolchildren complain that their children do not read books. Nowadays, the place of books in the life of schoolchildren is occupied by a computer, tablets and other gadgets. It's interesting, exciting. Why is reading books not of interest to the younger generation?
Interest in reading begins to form at a preschool age. And the example of an adult is very important. The child should see parents who read and read with interest. Reading at preschool age is a very important stage in the development and formation of a child's personality. A children's book is a source of information about the surrounding world, the formation of its intellectual, emotional, moral culture.
“Without exaggeration, we can say that reading during childhood is, first of all, the education of the heart, the touch of human nobility to the innermost corners of the child's soul. The word, which reveals noble ideas, always deposits in the child's heart grains of humanity that form conscience. » These are the words of V. A. Sukhomlinsky. Maybe because modern children do not feel the need to read, because there are fewer and fewer "grains of humanity" in our lives.
The benefits of reading should not be underestimated. First of all, reading develops speech and affects the quality and quantity of the child's vocabulary. A person who reads has a better memory and concentration. Reading helps in the development of imaginative thinking and in teaching literacy, makes it possible to learn to analyze, capture the meaning, develops oratory skills. If parents systematically read fiction books to their child, then the child's horizons expand, intelligence increases, cognitive activity and positive moral qualities are formed. On the example of literary characters, the child learns to respect the world around him, learns the intricacies of human relationships.
The love of a child for a book, which was laid down in childhood, will help to form perseverance and help in learning (development of strong-willed effort when performing tasks of varying complexity).
The question arises, when to start instilling a love for the book, to form an interest in reading fiction?
From an early age, you can read aloud to your child. A few minutes a day. Let it be fun and jokes. Such reading contributes to the emotional development of the baby, his rapprochement with the mother. Based on my own experience, I can say that in a few days the child will begin to pay attention to the book in the hands of the mother and smile. I started reading to my son, and it’s not easy to tell fairy tales and nursery rhymes aloud when he was 5-6 months old.
But psychologists consider the age from three to seven years to be the most optimal for adaptation to reading. The best time to read is before bed. This can become a good ritual that helps the child relieve the tension that has accumulated during the day, push all problems into the background, and relax. However, it is worth reading during the day. With age, children need more and more information, the need for positive emotions also grows. Therefore, it is gradually worth increasing the reading time and increasing the level of complexity of books. Children listen with pleasure, and more than once, to fairy tales based on which cartoons were shot: “The Adventures of Leopold the Cat”, “Three from Prostokvashino”, “Winnie the Pooh”, “Carlson”, “The Adventures of Pinocchio”, “Doctor Aibolit”, etc. e. Even if the child has already seen the cartoon, read the story. Unlike animation, which is perceived as a set of individual frames and the child does not catch the meaning, books make you think and experience.
Parents should be encouraged to read to their children as much as possible. Reading will increase the child's vocabulary, help develop phonemic hearing and the ability to pronounce sounds correctly, learn to understand different intonations.
Here are some tips for parents on how to get your preschooler to read:
1. Let your child understand that reading is a great pleasure, incomparable to anything. In this case, your personal example will be the most effective. Read for yourself. Tell your child what the book is about. Children love to imitate adults.
3. Even when the child learns to read, do not stop reading aloud to him for as long as possible. Expressive reading of adults will help to connect words with images that arise in his imagination. An adult will help to understand the text by explaining the meaning of unfamiliar words and expressions and answering questions. At 7-9 years old, it is difficult for a child to focus on one thing for a long time, his eyes get tired quickly, some phrases and words may be incomprehensible. Therefore, reading becomes an unpleasant activity and this dislike can be fixed for life.
5. At 5-7 years old, read "with continuation", interrupting reading at an interesting place. This will intrigue the child, make him want to know what will happen next.
6. After reading a book, don't "forget" about it. Let it become the subject of discussion, dispute, exchange of impressions. Invite the child to compose a story, imagine himself in the place of the heroes, find his own solution to the situation.
7. Read books with good illustrations. Try to remember the name of the graphic designer with your child. Offer to come up with and draw your own pictures for the work, a portrait of the hero.
8. Take your child to the library. Consider different publications: art books, reference books, albums.
9. Buy educational books and children's encyclopedias with the most interesting information for the child, gift editions with beautiful photos: space, cats, dinosaurs, countries, dolls, etc.
10. Cultivate a respect for the book. Tell your child about the rules for handling a book: you can’t draw on the pages, bend the book, cut out pictures, use books instead of cubes, etc.
11. You can "revive" the characters of fairy tales and stories by sculpting them from plasticine or gluing them out of paper and arrange a home theater.
12. Designate a special place in the room where the child's books will be, so that he himself can take them when he wants.
13. Do not try to replace the TV or computer with a book. Just clearly regulate the time of watching TV shows and computer games.
14. You can start a family reading tradition - 2-3 times a week, in the evenings, arrange an hour of reading. At the same time, the TV and computer are turned off and all family members, without exception, take part in the event.
Many years of experience working with preschoolers proves that the work on the formation of children's interest in reading is very important. Improving the skills of speech culture is a necessary component of a person's education and intelligence. The speech of any person, enriched with well-aimed sayings, figurative expressions, phraseological units, proverbs and sayings, becomes bright, lively, expressive. Therefore, I would like to give some recommendations to young teachers.
1. In kindergarten, it is advisable to start reading to children from an early age, gradually complicating the topics. Products are best selected according to the season. For example, in winter it is advisable to read to children the fairy tales “The Snow Queen”, “12 Months”, the fairy tale “Adventures in Dedmorozovka”, “Winter in Prostokvashino”, poems about the New Year's holiday and about winter, riddles about weather and natural phenomena. Then the heroes of the works can become characters in children's drawings, applications, collective children's works. In the scenarios of New Year's morning performances, there are also heroes of winter fairy tales performed by children and adults.
2. While reading, be sure to consider and compare illustrations by different artists for one work. After reading the book, I often suggest that children draw their favorite characters, make illustrations. Children are happy to take the role of a graphic designer, invent landscapes and portraits.
3. In addition, be sure to conduct a discussion of what you read, during which teach children to analyze different situations and actions of the characters in the work. Give children the opportunity to express their attitude to what they heard and come up with their own ways of solving and acting in problem situations:
How could you answer?
Why shouldn't it have been done that way?
What can be done to correct the error;
How to make peace, etc.
As a result, children transfer the positive experience of the relationship of heroes into their lives. The names of some characters become common nouns.
4. When reading literary works, pay children's attention not only to the content, but also to their artistic form. Thanks to this, you will teach children to distinguish literary genres (fairy tale, story, poem, nursery rhyme, proverb, saying, riddle, understand the meaning of figurative expressions and phraseological units, develop a poetic ear.
5. While reading, focus on the characteristics and mood of the characters, their dialogues and relationships, description of facial expressions and gestures. You can invite children to portray the character they like, compare it with other characters.
6. Use artwork outside of class. Read to children at any convenient time: in the morning and evening, when the weather is bad outside, before going to bed.
7. Talk to children about the books their parents read to them.
8. Start a tradition in your group to celebrate a book holiday. For example:
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