Gas condensate types and properties. Brief characteristics of gas condensates. Environmental requirements

Definition of the term gas condensate

Separation of stable gas condensates

Definition of the term gas condensate

Gas condensates are liquid mixtures of high-boiling hydrocarbons of various structures, separated from natural gases during their production in the so-called gas condensate fields. In reservoir conditions, with a combination of high pressures (10-60 MPa) and temperatures, some gasoline and kerosene fractions are in a vapor state, and less commonly, higher molecular weight liquid components of oil. When developing fields, the pressure decreases to 4-8 MPa, and raw (unstable) condensate is released from the gas, which, in contrast to the stable one, contains dissolved gases of the methane-butane fraction along with C5 and higher hydrocarbons. When the pressure decreases as gas is consumed, gas is released in the geological formation and, therefore, disappears for the consumer. Therefore, during the exploitation of fields with a high hydrocarbon content, hydrocarbons C3 and higher are released from the gas produced to the surface of the earth, and the C1-C2 fraction is pumped back in to maintain pressure in the formation.

Gas condensate (gas condensate) is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons (C5H12 + higher) released from natural gases during the exploitation of gas condensate deposits as a result of reduction reservoir pressure(below the condensation onset pressure) and temperature. Gas condensate is used as motor fuel and is a valuable raw material for the chemical industry.

Gas condensate is a natural mixture of low-boiling petroleum hydrocarbons that are found in the subsurface in a gaseous state, and when cooled and the pressure decreases to atmospheric (under daytime surface conditions), it breaks down into liquid (condensate) and gas components. Polytechnic Dictionary, M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1989.-P.105.

Gas condensate (gas condensate) is a mixture of hydrocarbons, mainly with a boiling point from 30 to 250 degrees C, condensed from natural petroleum gases during their production in gas condensate fields. In addition, gas condensate is formed during the extraction of Natural gas itself, during pumping Natural gas through pipelines, since pumping is carried out under pressure up to 30 MPa, and high-boiling hydrocarbons are dissolved in methane under pressure (up to 712 cm3/m3 of methane). Condensate is processed into high-octane and winter diesel fuel.

Gas condensate NGL (wide fraction of light hydrocarbons) is a solution of gaseous hydrocarbons in liquid, and gaseous hydrocarbons are contained up to 75%, among liquid fractions with a boiling point of up to 117 degrees C prevail. Sometimes NGLs are called unstable gas condensate. From natural gas liquids, after separation of gases (propane-butane fractions), gas condensate is obtained. Processing of natural gas liquids includes additional fractional distillation of natural gas liquids after separation of domestic gas.

Gas condensate is a fraction isolated from Natural gas and which is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons (containing at least 5 carbon atoms per molecule).

Gas condensate is the most valuable raw material for the production of motor fuels, as well as for chemical processing of extractants (hexane fraction), benzene, cyclohexane.

Gas condensates are liquid mixtures of high-boiling hydrocarbons of various structures, separated from natural gases during their production in the so-called gas condensate fields. In reservoir conditions, with a combination of high pressures (10-60 MPa) and temperatures, some gasoline and kerosene fractions are in a vapor state, and less commonly, higher molecular weight liquid components of oil. When developing fields, the pressure decreases to 4-8 MPa, and raw (unstable) condensate is released from the gas, which, in contrast to the stable one, contains dissolved gases of the methane-butane fraction along with C5 and higher hydrocarbons. When the pressure decreases as gas is consumed, gas is released in the geological formation and, therefore, disappears for the consumer. Therefore, during the exploitation of fields with a high content of hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons C3 and higher are released from the gas extracted to the surface of the earth, and the C1-C2 fraction is pumped back in to maintain pressure in the formation.

Gas condensates, liquid mixtures of high-boiling hydrocarbons of various structures, isolated from natural ones. when extracting them for the so-called. gas condensate fields. In reservoir conditions, with a combination of high pressures (10-60 MPa) and temperatures, some gasoline and kerosene fractions are in a vapor state, and less commonly, higher molecular weight liquid components of oil. During field development, the pressure decreases to 4-8 MPa, and raw (unstable) condensate is released from the gas, which, in contrast to the stable condensate, contains dissolved gases of the methane-butane fraction along with hydrocarbons C5 and above. When the pressure decreases as gas is consumed, gas condensate is released in the geological formation and, therefore, is lost to the consumer. Therefore, during the exploitation of fields with a high content of gas condensates, C3 and higher hydrocarbons are released from what is produced to the surface of the earth, and the C1-C2 fraction is pumped back in to maintain pressure in the formation. Gasolines obtained from gas condensates using classical technology usually have low knock resistance. To increase it, anti-knock agents are used. The yield of gas condensate fractions used as diesel fuel, ranges from 9% (Punginskoye) to 26% (Vuktylskoye field); For most condensates, these fractions are characterized by relatively high cloud point and pour point and can be used as fuel only in summer. To receive winter diesel fuel their dewaxing is necessary.

Liquefied natural gas - liquefied under pressure and cooling to facilitate storage and transportation. 74-99% consists of methane. Density is 1.9 times less than that of gasoline. Boiling point from −158 to -163C. Liquefaction coefficient from 92% (economic mode; at gas distribution stations) to 95%. Foreign term - Liquefied natural gas (LNG)

Gas condensates, liquid mixtures of high-boiling hydrocarbons, decomp. buildings isolated from nature. gases during their extraction at the so-called. gas condensate fields. In reservoir conditions, with a combination of high pressures (10-60 MPa) and temperature, certain gasoline and kerosene fractions are in a vapor state, less often - higher molecular weight. liquid components of oil. During field development, the pressure decreases to 4-8 MPa, and raw (unstable) condensate is released from the gas, which, in contrast to the stable condensate, contains dissolved gases of the methane-butane fraction along with C5 and higher hydrocarbons (Table 1). When the pressure decreases as gas is consumed, gas condensate is released into the geol. layer and, therefore, disappears for the consumer. Therefore, during the exploitation of fields with a large content of gas condensates, C3 and higher hydrocarbons are released from the gas produced on the surface of the earth, and the C1-C2 fraction is pumped back in to maintain pressure in the formation.

Composition of gas condensates from the main fields of the USSR (% by weight)

Characteristics of gas condensates from a number of fields in the USSR

Gas condensates are separated from gases by the method of low-temperature condensation (separation) using cold obtained by throttling or expanding, or by special means. refrigeration units (see Refrigeration processes). For deeper extraction of gas condensates, the same methods are used (low-temperature condensation, absorption and rectification) as for processing oil and natural resources. gases (see Natural flammable gases).

Unstable gas condensate is delivered to the buyer via condensate pipelines under its own ownership. pressure, and stable gas condensate through pipelines or bulk transport. At gas and gas compression plants, gas condensates are divided into fractions used in the production of fuels and for petrochemicals. synthesis.

Gasolines obtained from gas condensates usually have low detonation. durability. To increase it, anti-knock agents are used. The yield of gas condensate fractions used as diesel fuel ranges from 9% (Punginskoye field) to 26% (Vuktylskoye field); These fractions for most condensates are characterized by relatively high cloudiness and solidification temperatures and can be used as fuel only in the summer. To obtain winter diesel fuel, it is necessary to dewax it.

Separation of stable gas condensates

Increasing requirements for motor fuel quality and safety environment lead to the need to create more complex and therefore expensive technological schemes for deep processing of stable gas condensates and oil.

The proposed technology makes it possible to effectively separate stable gas condensates at the molecular level without chemical transformations, without using rectification or distillation processes, and to obtain commercial motor fuels of European quality.

Advantages of this technology:

Possibility of processing feedstock without preliminary purification from sulfur compounds and obtaining desulfurized motor fuels;

High degree of extraction of gasoline and diesel fractions (100%);

The quality of motor fuels meets European standards;

Low temperature (120°C) and pressure (atmospheric) control process divisions;

Simple hardware design;

Reducing metal and energy consumption per unit of productivity;

Low cost of processing raw materials;

The ability to create and use mini-units located on automobile platforms, which allows the separation of gasoline and diesel fractions directly at the production site;

The modular principle inherent in the technological scheme allows you to easily increase productivity;

Lack of expensive catalysts in production;

No harmful emissions into the atmosphere or wastewater;

Complete regeneration of working elements in process discharge (service life of at least 5 years);

Significant reduction in production space.

Comparative characteristics of a mini-plant (with a capacity of 100 thousand tons per year) for processing stable gas condensate and industrial installation using our proposed technology are given in the table.

The main ones:

1) Production is environmentally friendly;

2) Energy intensity of production is reduced by 3-4 times;

3) The installations are easy to operate and do not require highly qualified labor;

4) Commercial products fully comply with international standards;

5) Reducing the number of devices and eliminating the need for a number of additional devices sharply reduces the metal consumption of installations, reduces the area required for construction, shortens the construction period and, ultimately, reduces the initial cost of the product;

6) accidents at such an enterprise are much lower than at a regular one. Currently, we have complete technical documentation necessary for the construction of mini-factories that implement any of the described technologies.

* price module depends on terms of reference and productivity.

* When isolating diesel fuel as a fraction using our elements, we obtain the content sulfur in the finished product less than 0.005%.

For initial implementation, it is proposed to install a separate continuous cycle module with a capacity of about 10,000 tons/year.

1. Original raw material- stable gas condensate

2. Received product:

Gasoline component

Diesel component

Mineral oil component.

3. Price module (with stable gas condensate containing 65% gasoline fraction and 25% diesel fraction) including installation - 2,500,000 UAH.

4. Dimensions:

Height - 2.5 - 3 m

Area - 80 m2.

5. Requirements for operating conditions: closed room or canopy.

6. Communications:

Water (in cycle)

Sewerage (emergency)

Electricity (0.1 kW/hour).

Liquid mixtures of hydrocarbons (all of which have different molecular structures and boil at high temperatures), which are released as a by-product in gas condensate, gas and oil fields, are collectively called gas condensates. Their composition and quantity depend on the location and conditions of extraction, and therefore vary widely. However, they can be divided into two types:

stable gas condensate in the form of gasoline and kerosene fractions (and sometimes higher molecular weight liquid components of oil),
an unstable product, which, in addition to hydrocarbons C5 and higher, includes gaseous hydrocarbons in the form of a methane-butane fraction.

Condensate can come from three types of wells where it is produced:

Crude oil (it comes in the form of associated gas, which can lie underground separately from crude oil (in layers) or be dissolved in it).
Dry natural gas (features a low content of hydrocarbons dissolved in it, condensate yield is low).
Wet natural gas (produced from gas condensate fields and has a high content of gasoline condensate).

The amount of liquid components in natural gases varies from 0.000010 to 0.000700 m³ per 1 m³ of gas. For example, the yield of stable gas condensate at various fields:

Vuktylskoye (Komi Republic) - 352.7 g/m³;
Urengoyskoe (Western Siberia) - 264 g/m³;
Gazlinskoe (Central Asia) - 17 g/m³;
Shebelinskoe (Ukraine) - 12 g/m³.

Natural gas condensate is a multicomponent mixture of various liquid hydrocarbons with low density, in which gaseous components are present. It condenses from the raw gas when the temperature drops (below the dew point of the produced hydrocarbons). It is often called simply "condensate" or "gas gasoline".

Schemes for separating condensate from natural gas or oil are varied and depend on the field and purpose of the products. As a rule, at a technological installation built next to a gas or gas condensate field, the extracted gas is prepared for transportation: water is separated, purified to a certain extent from sulfur compounds, hydrocarbons C1 and C2 are transported to the consumer, a small fraction of them (of the extracted) is pumped into the formations for maintaining pressure. The separated fraction (after removing C3 components from it, but with a small content of them) is the gas condensate that is sent as a feed stream to oil refineries or petrochemical synthesis plants. Transportation is carried out by pipeline or liquid transport.

Gas condensate is not used as a raw material for the production of gasoline with low octane number, to increase which anti-knock additives are used. In addition, the product is characterized high temperature cloudiness and solidification, so it is used to produce summer fuel. Gas condensate is used less frequently as gas condensate, since additional dewaxing is required. This direction uses less than a third of the produced condensates.

Most interesting technological solution is the use of a product such as a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons for petrochemical synthesis. With its receipt, the processing of gas condensate begins. Deeper processes continue in pyrolysis plants, where NGLs are used as feedstock to produce important monomers such as ethylene, propylene and many other related products. Then the ethylene is sent to polymerization units, from which various grades of polyethylene are produced. The result is polypropylene. The butylene-butadiene fraction is used to make rubber. Hydrocarbons C6 and higher are the raw material for the production of petrochemical synthesis (benzene is obtained), and only the C5 fraction, which is the raw material for obtaining valuable products, is not yet used effectively.

Gas condensate is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons condensing from natural gases. Gas condensate is a colorless or slightly colored liquid. Externally, as a rule, gas condensate is a transparent liquid. The color of this liquid can vary from straw yellow to yellow-brown. What does the color of a substance depend on?

It turns out that the color intensity of the liquid depends on the amount of oil impurities contained in it. You may have heard the name “white oil”. So, this is the generally accepted name for gas condensate.

How is gas condensate separated? Deep in the depths of our earth lie various minerals. Including gas and gas condensate. Having discovered these deposits, the mining company drills a well into the earth, trying to get to the gas-bearing formations. During drilling, the pressure in the formations decreases and, in parallel, the temperature decreases. As you know, any condensate appears when either the ambient temperature or pressure drops significantly. This is exactly the process that occurs in gas production. The pressure and temperature drop, and at the same time, liquid hydrocarbons of mixed composition (C5 and above) begin to separate from the gas. This is our “white oil”.

At the same time, the higher the barothermal parameters before the start of condensation, the greater the amount of hydrocarbons that can be dissolved in the produced gas. Also, the amount of hydrocarbons is affected by the composition of the gas in the reservoir and the presence of "oil rims". An oil rim is a part of a reservoir containing oil, as well as gas and condensate. Gas condensate can be concentrated in the reservoir within different limits - from 5 g/m? up to 1000 g/m?. If gas deposits are located at a great depth, then in order to obtain condensate, it is necessary not only to lower the temperature of the gas, but also to additionally absorb and rectify it.

In order to keep the pressure in the reservoir at a high level for as long as possible, C1-C2 fraction hydrocarbons are pumped back into the well. As a result, the so-called "unstable" condensate is obtained directly from the well. It reaches consumers via special conductive systems. Unstable condensate is thoroughly cleaned from impurities and gas is removed from the composition. Now it becomes "stable". This type gas condensate reaches the end consumer either through pipelines or liquid transport.

What is the composition of gas condensate? The composition of gas condensate is influenced by many factors. The hydrocarbon composition of the condensate and the number of fractions in it are influenced by the formation conditions; conditions under which the selection of a substance occurs. It is very important to take into account the period of time during which a given deposit is exploited. Earlier we mentioned the influence of the “oil rims” present in the reservoir on the composition of the condensate. The conditions for the migration of gas condensate into the deposits during its formation, as well as the chemical composition of the reservoir gas, should also be taken into account. In general, the contents of gas condensate are similar to oil. But, unlike oil, gas condensate does not contain resinous substances and asphaltenes. Basically, it includes gasoline and kerosene components.

Gasoline fractions boil at a temperature of +30 °C - +200 °C, kerosene fractions - within +200 °C - +300 °C. The condensate also contains a small amount of high-boiling components. The yield of gasoline fractions is usually more than half. If the formation is located at great depth, then its composition is dominated by kerosene components and gas oil. More often there are condensates containing methane and naphthenes, less often - containing aromatic or naphthenic hydrocarbons.

What is gas condensate used for? Gas condensate serves as the basis for obtaining fuel or petrochemical products. So from gas condensate or gasoline High Quality. To improve quality, gasoline fractions obtained from condensate are subjected to additional processing. In order to increase the fuel's resistance to detonation, anti-knock agents are added to the composition. Without additional processing, these types of fuel can only be used in the warm season, as they quickly become cloudy and solidify. In order for these types of fuel to work even in cold weather, paraffin is removed from their composition.

For the production of plastics, synthetic rubbers, various types of fibers and resins, aromatic hydrocarbons, olefins and other monomer molecules obtained by processing gas condensate are used. Mining companies are interested in developing condensates available in large fields. They commission installations with a large unit capacity.

For example, the Gazprom company owns fields with gas condensate reserves amounting to more than 1 billion tons. In year this company produces about 13 million tons of gas condensate.
Liquid mixtures of hydrocarbons (all of them differ in different molecular structures and boil at high temperatures), which are released as a by-product in gas condensate, gas and oil fields, are collectively called gas condensates. Their composition and quantity depend on the location and conditions of extraction, and therefore vary widely. However, they can be divided into two types: stable gas condensate in the form of gasoline-kerosene fractions (and sometimes higher molecular weight liquid components of oil), an unstable product, which, in addition to hydrocarbons C5 and higher, includes gaseous hydrocarbons in the form of methane-butane fraction .

Condensate can come from three types of wells where it is produced: Crude oil (it comes in the form of associated gas, which can lie underground separately from crude oil (in layers) or be dissolved in it). Dry natural gas (characterized by a low content of dissolved hydrocarbons in it, the condensate yield is low). Wet natural gas (produced from gas condensate fields and has a high content of gasoline condensate). The amount of liquid components in natural gases varies from 0.000010 to 0.000700 m? by 1 m? gas For example, the yield of stable gas condensate at various fields: Vuktylskoye (Komi Republic) - 352.7 g/m?; Urengoyskoe (Western Siberia) - 264 g/m?; Gazlinskoe (Central Asia) - 17 g/m?; Shebelinskoe (Ukraine) - 12 g/m?.

Natural gas condensate is a multicomponent mixture of various liquid hydrocarbons with low density, in which gaseous components are present. It condenses from the raw gas during the temperature drop during well drilling (below the dew point of the produced hydrocarbons). It is often called simply "condensate" or "gas gasoline". Schemes for separating condensate from natural gas or oil are varied and depend on the field and purpose of the products. As a rule, at a technological installation built next to a gas or gas condensate field, the extracted gas is prepared for transportation: water is separated, purified to a certain extent from sulfur compounds, hydrocarbons C1 and C2 are transported to the consumer, a small fraction of them (of the extracted) is pumped into the formations for maintaining pressure. The separated fraction (after removing C3 components from it, but with a small content of them) is the gas condensate that is sent as a feed stream to oil refineries or petrochemical synthesis plants. Transportation is carried out by pipeline or liquid transport.

Gas condensate at oil refineries is used as a raw material for the production of gasoline with a low octane number, to increase which anti-knock additives are used. In addition, the product is characterized by a high cloud point and pour point, which is why it is used to produce summer fuel. Gas condensate is used less frequently as diesel fuel, since additional dewaxing is required. This direction uses less than a third of the produced condensates.

The most interesting technological solution is the use of a product such as a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons for petrochemical synthesis. With its receipt, the processing of gas condensate begins. Deeper processes continue in pyrolysis plants, where NGLs are used as feedstock to produce important monomers such as ethylene, propylene and many other related products. Then the ethylene is sent to polymerization units, from which various grades of polyethylene are produced. As a result of the polymerization of propylene, polypropylene is obtained. The butylene-butadiene fraction is used to make rubber. Hydrocarbons C6 and higher are the raw material for the production of petrochemical synthesis (benzene is obtained), and only the C5 fraction, which is the raw material for obtaining valuable products, is not yet used effectively.

Gas condensate distillate is an analogue of diesel fuel, close to it in density and other characteristics. It contains gasoline and kerosene fractions, but asphaltenes and resinous substances are absent. Gas condensate distillate is a transparent liquid with a specific odor. It can be light, medium and heavy, differing in composition and scope of application.

We can say that gas condensate distillate, the price of which is relatively low, can be an excellent alternative to diesel fuel. And also, thanks to its decent quality, this product has gained immense popularity in the petrochemical and paint industries. 01/31/18

GOST R 54389-2011

Group A22

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

GAS CONDENSATE, STABLE

Specifications

Stable gas condensate. Specifications

OKS 75.060
OKP 027132

Date of introduction 2012-07-01

Preface

Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation established by Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for the application of national standards of the Russian Federation - GOST R 1.0-2004 "Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic provisions"

Standard information

1 DEVELOPED by the Company with limited liability"Research Institute of Natural Gases and Gas Technologies - Gazprom VNIIGAZ" (Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC)

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 52 "Natural and liquefied gases"

3 APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated August 30, 2011 N 247-st

4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments- V monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in information system common use - on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet

1 area of use

This standard applies to stable gas condensate prepared at primary processing plants for transportation and/or use as raw material for further processing in the Russian Federation and for export.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following standards:

GOST R 8.580-2001 State system ensuring uniformity of measurements. Determination and application of precision indicators for testing methods for petroleum products

GOST R ISO 3675-2007 Crude oil and liquid petroleum products. Laboratory method for determining density using a hydrometer

GOST R ISO 14001-2007 Environmental management systems. Requirements and instructions for use

GOST R 50802-95 Oil. Method for determination of hydrogen sulfide, methyl and ethyl mercaptans

GOST R 51069-97 Oil and petroleum products. Method for Determining Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity with a Hydrometer

GOST R 51330.5-99 (IEC 60079-4-75) Explosion-proof electrical equipment. Part 4. Method for determining the auto-ignition temperature

GOST R 51330.11-99 (IEC 60079-12-78) Explosion-proof electrical equipment. Part 12: Classification of mixtures of gases and vapors with air according to safe experimental maximum clearances and minimum ignition currents

GOST R 51858-2002 Oil. General specifications

GOST R 51947-2002 Oil and petroleum products. Determination of sulfur by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

GOST R 52247-2004 Oil. Methods for determining organochlorine compounds

GOST R 52340-2005 Oil. Determination of vapor pressure by expansion method

GOST R 52659-2006 Oil and petroleum products. Manual selection methods

GOST R 53521-2009 Processing of natural gas. Terms and Definitions

GOST 12.0.004-90 System of occupational safety standards. Organization of labor safety training. General provisions

GOST 12.1.004-91 System of occupational safety standards. Fire safety. General requirements

GOST 12.1.005-88 System of occupational safety standards. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area

GOST 12.1.007-76 System of occupational safety standards. Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements

GOST 12.1.019-79 * System of occupational safety standards. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection
________________
* The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. GOST R 12.1.019-2009 is valid, hereinafter in the text

GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-84) Occupational safety standards system. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination

GOST 12.4.010-75 System of occupational safety standards. Individual protection means. Special mittens. Specifications

GOST 12.4.011-89 System of occupational safety standards. Protective equipment for workers. General requirements and classification

GOST 12.4.020-82 System of occupational safety standards. Personal protective equipment for hands. Nomenclature of quality indicators

GOST 12.4.021-75 System of occupational safety standards. Ventilation systems. General requirements

GOST 12.4.068-79 System of occupational safety standards. Dermatological personal protective equipment. Classification and general requirements

GOST 12.4.103-83 System of occupational safety standards. Special protective clothing, personal protective equipment for legs and arms. Classification

GOST 2.4.111-82* System of occupational safety standards. Men's suits for protection against oil and petroleum products. Specifications
________________
*Probably an error in the original. Should read: GOST 12.4.111-82. - Database manufacturer's note.

GOST 12.4.112-82 System of occupational safety standards. Women's suits for protection against oil and petroleum products. Specifications

GOST 17.1.3.05-82 Nature conservation. Hydrosphere. General requirements for the protection of surface and groundwater from pollution by oil and oil products

GOST 17.1.3.10-83 Nature conservation. Hydrosphere. General requirements for the protection of surface and groundwater from pollution by oil and oil products during pipeline transportation

GOST 17.1.3.12-86 Nature conservation. Hydrosphere. General rules protection of waters from pollution during drilling and production of oil and gas on land

GOST 17.1.3.13-86 Nature conservation. Hydrosphere. General requirements for the protection of surface waters from pollution

GOST 17.2.3.02-78 Nature conservation. Atmosphere. Rules for establishing permissible emissions of harmful substances by industrial enterprises

GOST 17.4.2.01-81 Nature conservation. Soils. Nomenclature of sanitary condition indicators

GOST 17.4.3.04-85 Nature conservation. Soils. General requirements for control and protection against pollution

GOST 1510-84 Oil and petroleum products. Labeling, packaging, transportation and storage

GOST 1756-2000 (ISO 3007-99) Petroleum products. Determination of saturated vapor pressure

GOST 2177-99 (3405-88) Petroleum products. Methods for determining fractional composition

GOST 2477-65 Oil and petroleum products. Method for determining water content

GOST 2517-85 Oil and petroleum products. Sampling methods

GOST 3900-85 Oil and petroleum products. Methods for determining density

GOST 6370-83 Oil, petroleum products and additives. Method for determining mechanical impurities

GOST 11851-85 Oil. Paraffin determination method

GOST 14192-96 Marking of cargo

GOST 19121-73 Petroleum products. Method for determining sulfur content by combustion in a lamp

GOST 19433-88 Dangerous goods. Classification and labeling

GOST 21534-76 Oil. Methods for determining the content of chloride salts

GOST 31340-2007 Warning labeling of chemical products. General requirements

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards according to the relevant indexes drawn up on January 1 of the current year, and according to information indexes published in the current year. If the reference document is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the reference document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference to it is given applies to the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Terms and definitions

This standard uses the terms according to GOST R 53521, as well as the following terms with the corresponding definitions:

3.1 stable gas condensate; KGS: Gas condensate obtained by cleaning unstable gas condensate from impurities and separating C-C hydrocarbons from it, which meets the requirements of this standard.

Note - Stable gas condensate is obtained by primary processing of unstable gas condensate.

4 Technical requirements

4.1 KGS must comply with the requirements of Table 1.

Table 1 - Requirements for KGS


Indicator name	Group value	Test method

1 Saturated vapor pressure, kPa (mm Hg), max.
2 Mass fraction of water, %, no more
3 Mass fraction of mechanical impurities, %, no more
4 Mass concentration of chloride salts, mg/dm, no more
5 Mass fraction of sulfur, %
6 Mass fraction of hydrogen sulfide, million (ppm), no more
7 Mass fraction of methyl and ethyl mercaptans in total, million (ppm), no more
8 Density at 20 °C, kg/m;
15 °С, kg/m	They don't standardize. Definition according to consumer demand
9 Yield of fractions, % up to temperature, °C: 100 200 300 360	They don't standardize. Definition required
11 Mass fraction of organochlorine compounds, million (ppm)	They don't standardize. Definition according to consumer demand
Notes 1 By agreement with consumers, it is allowed to release KGS with a saturated vapor pressure of not more than 93.3 (700) kPa (mm Hg). 2 For organizations processing sour raw materials and put into operation before 1990, it is allowed upon agreement with consumers and transport companies exceeding the value for indicator 6 for group 2 CGS up to 300 million (ppm) and for indicator 7 for group 2 CGS up to 3000 million (ppm). 3 If, according to at least one of the indicators, the PHC belongs to group 2, and according to the others - to group 1, then the PHC is recognized as corresponding to group 2. 4 Indicators 5-7 are determined at the request of the consumer only for condensates with a content of sulfur compounds (in terms of sulfur) of more than 0.01% by weight.

4.3 In the symbol of KGS, its group is indicated depending on the values of the concentration of chloride salts, the mass fraction of hydrogen sulfide and methyl and ethyl mercaptans.

Example symbol KGS - Stable gas condensate, group 1, GOST R.

5 Safety requirements

5.1 According to the degree of impact on the human body, KGS belongs to the 4th hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007.

Contact with CHC has a harmful effect on the central nervous system, causes irritation of the skin, mucous membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory tract.

When working with CGS, the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of harmful substances of CGS in the air of the working area, established by GOST 12.1.005 and hygienic standards, are taken into account. Maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the working area contained in CGS, for aliphatic carbons extreme S-S in terms of carbon - 900/300 mg/m (where 900 mg/m is the maximum one-time MPC, and 300 mg/m is the shift average MPC).

CGS containing hydrogen sulfide (dihydrosulfide) with a mass fraction of more than 20 million is considered to contain hydrogen sulfide in accordance with GOST R 51858 and is classified as hazard class 2. For hydrogen sulfide (dihydrosulfide), the maximum single MPC in the air of the working area is 10 mg/m, the maximum single MPC of hydrogen sulfide (dihydrosulfide) mixed with aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons C-C in the air of the work area is 3.0 mg/m, hazard class 2.

Control of the content of harmful substances in the air of the working area is carried out in accordance with GOST 12.1.005.

5.2 KGS are classified as flammable liquids of class 3 according to GOST 19433.

5.3 CGS vapors form explosive mixtures with air with temperatures: flash - below 0 °C, self-ignition - above 250 °C. For CGS of a specific composition, the concentration limits of ignition are determined according to GOST 12.1.044.

The explosion hazard category and group of explosive mixtures of CGS vapors with air are IIA and T3 according to GOST R 51330.11 and GOST R 51330.5, respectively.

5.4 Safety requirements when working with CGS must not be lower than the requirements of GOST 12.1.004, safety rules - and electrical safety rules in accordance with GOST 12.1.019.

5.5 Those working with CGS must comply with the requirements of safety rules and be trained in labor safety rules in accordance with GOST 12.0.004 and measures fire safety in accordance with fire safety standards of the Federal Law and the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

5.6 When working with CGS, personal protective equipment should be used in accordance with GOST 12.4.010, GOST 12.4.011, GOST 12.4.020, GOST 12.4.068, GOST 12.4.103, GOST 12.4.111, GOST 12.4.112 and standard industry standards standards approved in accordance with the established procedure.

5.7 Sanitary and hygienic requirements for microclimate indicators and the permissible content of harmful substances in the air of the working area must comply with GOST 12.1.005.

5.8 All buildings, premises, laboratories in which operations with CGS are carried out must be provided with ventilation that meets the requirements of GOST 12.4.021 and sanitary rules, must meet fire safety requirements and have fire extinguishing equipment in accordance with Federal Law. They must also provide a set of fire safety measures in accordance with safety rules, building codes and regulations, fire safety standards and sets of fire safety rules.

Artificial lighting and electrical equipment of buildings, premises and structures must meet explosion safety requirements in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation.

6 Environmental requirements

6.1 When carrying out work with CGS, the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection must be met, and the environmental management system must comply with GOST R ISO 14001. At the same time, it must be ensured that the standards for permissible impact on the environment are not exceeded.

6.2 The rules for establishing permissible emissions of CHCs into the atmosphere are carried out in accordance with GOST 17.2.3.02

Standards for emissions of CGS into the atmospheric air, harmful physical effects on the atmospheric air and temporarily agreed upon emissions are established, developed and approved in accordance with Federal law on the protection of atmospheric air in the manner determined by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Hygienic requirements for ensuring the quality of atmospheric air in populated areas are regulated by sanitary rules and the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

6.3 General requirements for the protection of surface and groundwater are established by Federal Law, GOST 17.1.3.05, GOST 17.1.3.10, GOST 17.1.3.12, GOST 17.1.3.13.

MPC KGS in water of objects of cultural and domestic use and household and drinking purposes - no more than 0.1 mg/dm according to sanitary standards and rules. MPC KGS in water of water bodies of fishery importance is no more than 0.05 mg/dm in accordance with the Order of the Federal Agency for Fisheries.

6.4 Protection of soil from contamination by CGS is carried out in accordance with GOST 17.4.2.01, GOST 17.4.3.04 and the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for soil quality are regulated by sanitary rules.

6.5 Activities for handling industrial waste are carried out in accordance with sanitary rules and are regulated by Federal Law.

The procedure for developing and approving waste generation standards and limits on their disposal is determined by the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.

6.6 When transporting and using CGS, measures must be taken to prevent it from getting into domestic and storm sewer systems, as well as into open water bodies and soil. Places of possible CGS spills must have an embankment and a special drainage system. Prevention and liquidation emergency situations related to the KGS spill, be carried out in accordance with the KGS emergency spill response plan.

7 Acceptance rules

7.1 KGS is accepted in batches. A batch is considered to be the quantity of KGS sent to one address and accompanied by quality documents in accordance with GOST 1510 (quality passport).

7.1.1 The following is accepted as a batch of CGS:

- at the metering station during continuous pumping through a condensate pipeline, the amount of CGS pumped over a certain period of time, measured by metering devices and agreed upon by the supplier (consignor) and the consumer (consignee);

- at the metering station during shipment to vehicles- quantity of KGS, determined by agreement between the supplier and the consumer.

7.2 To verify compliance of the CGS with the requirements of this standard, acceptance tests are carried out according to the indicators given in Table 1.

7.3 Selection of CGS is carried out according to GOST 2517 and GOST R 52659.

7.4 The quality document (passport) issued by the manufacturer or seller (at enterprises storing products ready for sale) must contain:

- name of the manufacturer (seller);

- name and group of the CGS;

- standard values of characteristics established by this standard for this group of CGS;

- actual values of these characteristics, determined from test results;

- tank number (batch number) from which this CGS sample was taken;

- date of selection;

- date of the CGS analysis.

The quality document (passport) is signed by the head of the enterprise or a person authorized by him and certified by a seal.

7.6 If any of the indicators do not comply with the requirements of this standard or there is disagreement on this indicator, repeat tests are carried out on the same sample if it is taken from a sampler installed on the stream, or a re-selected sample if it is taken from a tank or other container.

The results of repeated tests are applied to the entire batch.

7.7 If there is a disagreement in assessing the quality of the CGS between the supplier and the consumer, the stored arbitration sample is tested. Tests are carried out in a laboratory determined by agreement of the parties. The test results of the arbitration sample are considered final and are included in the quality document for this batch of CGS.

8 Test methods

8.1 Saturated vapor pressure, fraction yield, mass fraction of hydrogen sulfide and light mercaptans are determined in spot samples taken in accordance with GOST 2517 or GOST R 52659.

The remaining quality indicators of the CGS are determined in a combined sample selected according to GOST 2517 or GOST R 52659.

8.2 The saturated vapor pressure of the CGS is determined according to GOST 1756, GOST R 52340 or.

It is allowed to apply the method in accordance with the reduction to saturated vapor pressure in accordance with GOST 1756.

8.3 The mass fraction of water is determined according to GOST 2477.

It is allowed to use the or method.

In case of disagreement in assessing the quality of CGS, the mass fraction of water is determined according to GOST 2477 using anhydrous xylene or toluene.

8.4 The mass concentration of chloride salts in the CGS is determined according to GOST 21534. When performing the analysis, add 1 cm 6 mol/dm of sulfuric acid to the aqueous extract and boil for at least 30 minutes. It is allowed to apply the method in accordance with.

8.5 The mass fraction of sulfur is determined according to GOST R 51947, GOST 19121 or,.

8.6 The density of KGS at a temperature of 20 °C is determined according to GOST 3900, at a temperature of 15 °C - according to GOST R 51069, GOST R ISO 3675 or -.

The density of the CGS on the flow in the pipeline is determined by density meters.

8.7 Determination of the mass fraction of organic chlorides in CGS is carried out according to GOST R 52247 or according to.

To obtain a fraction that boils to a temperature of 204 °C, it is permissible to use equipment in accordance with GOST 2177 (method B).

8.8 In case of disagreement in assessing the quality of an indicator determined according to this standard by several methods, the method indicated first in Table 1 is considered arbitrable.

8.9 Disagreements arising in assessing the quality of the CGS for any of the indicators are resolved using GOST R 8.580.

9 Labeling, packaging, transportation and storage

9.1 Marking of KGS - according to GOST 14192, GOST 19433 and GOST 31340.

9.2 Transportation of KGS - in accordance with GOST 1510 and in accordance with the rules for the transportation of goods established for each type of transport.

9.3 The main volume of CGS is attributed to dangerous goods 3rd class according to GOST 19433. The hazard class of the supplied CHS and UN number are determined by the shipper.

9.4 Packaging and storage of KGS according to GOST 1510.

10 Manufacturer's warranty

10.1 The manufacturer guarantees that the quality of the KGS meets the requirements of this standard, subject to the conditions of transportation and storage for 6 months from the date of manufacture specified in the quality document (quality passport).

10.2 After the expiration of the guaranteed storage period, the CGS is tested for compliance with the requirements of this standard to make a decision on the possibility of its use or further storage in the prescribed manner.

Appendix A (recommended). Form of document on quality (quality passport) of stable gas condensate


Manufacturer/seller

Designation/group KGS

Date of analysis

Standard (GOST R

Date of manufacture

Tank number (batch number)

Sampling location

Date of sampling

Test results for stable gas condensate


Indicator name	Unit	Test result


Enterprise manager
			Full name

		M.P. Maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of harmful substances in the air of the working area List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms


Atmospheric air and indoor air, sanitary air protection. Hygienic requirements for ensuring the quality of atmospheric air in populated areas



ASTM D 323-08* (ASTM D 323-08)	Method for determining the saturated vapor pressure of petroleum products (Reid method)
________________ * Access to international and foreign documents mentioned here and further in the text can be obtained by following the link. - Database manufacturer's note.
ASTM D 6377-08 (ASTM D 6377-08)	Standard Test Method for Crude Oil Vapor Pressure VPCRx (Expansion Method)
ASTM D 4006-07 (ASTM D 4006-07)	Water in crude oils. Distillation method (Standard test method for water in crude oil by distillation)
ASTM D 4928-10 (ASTM D 4928-10)	Crude oils. Methods for determining water content by coulometric Karl Fischer titration (Standard test methods for water in crude oils by coulometric Karl Fischer titration)
ASTM D 3230-09 (ASTM D 3230-09)	Raw oil. Determination of salts by electrometric method (Standard test method for salts in crude oil (electrometric method)
ISO 8754:2003	Petroleum products. Determination of sulfur content. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry based on energy dispersion method (Petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content - Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry)
ASTM D 4294-10 (ASTM D 4294-10)	Determination of sulfur in petroleum products by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (Standard test method for sulfur in petroleum and petroleum products by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry)
ASTM D 1298-05 (ASTM D 1298-05)	Method for determining density, relative density ( specific gravity) or density in API units of crude oil and liquid petroleum products by hydrometer
ISO 12185:1996 (ISO 12185:1996)	Crude oil and oil products. Determination of density. U-tube oscillation method (Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of density - Oscillating U-tube method)
ASTM D 5002-05 (ASTM D 5002-05)	Standard Method for Determining Gravity and Relative Gravity of Crude Oil Using a Digital Density Analyzer (Standard test method for density and relative density of crude oils by digital density analyzer)
ASTM D 4929-07 (ASTM D 4929-07)	Standard Method for Determination of Organic Chlorides Contained in Crude Oil (Standard test methods for determination of organic chloride content in crude oil)

Electronic document text
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
M.: Standartinform, 2012

Gas condensate is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons

released from natural gases during the exploitation of gas condensate deposits as a result of a decrease in reservoir pressure and temperature.

Another name for condensate is “white oil”, since condensate is usually transparent or slightly yellow in color due to oil impurities.

Gas condensate serves as the basis for obtaining fuel or petrochemical products. So from gas condensate get different kinds jet, diesel or boiler fuel or high quality gasolines. To improve quality, gasoline fractions obtained from condensate are subjected to additional processing.

Various fossils lie in the bowels of our earth. Including gas and gas condensate. Having discovered these deposits, the mining company drills a well into the earth, trying to get to the gas-bearing formations. During drilling, the pressure in the formations decreases and, in parallel, the temperature decreases. As you know, any condensation appears when either the ambient temperature or pressure decreases significantly. This is exactly the process that occurs in gas production. The pressure and temperature drop, and at the same time liquid hydrocarbons of mixed composition begin to be released from the gas. This is “white oil”.

4. Properties of natural gases Natural gas is a mineral in its gaseous state. It is widely used as a fuel. But natural gas itself is not used as fuel; its components are separated from it for separate use. Up to 98% of natural gas is methane; it also includes methane homologues - ethane, propane and butane. Sometimes carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and helium may be present. Natural gas is colorless and odorless (if it does not contain hydrogen sulfide), it is lighter than air. Properties of individual components of natural gas Methane is a colorless, odorless gas, lighter than air. Ethane is a colorless, odorless and colorless gas, slightly heavier than air. Not used as fuel. Propane is a colorless, odorless gas that is poisonous. Butane - similar in properties to propane, but has more high density. Twice as heavy as air. Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas with an acidic taste. Unlike other components of natural gas (except helium), carbon dioxide does not burn. Helium is colorless, very light in color and odor. Does not burn. It is not toxic, but at elevated pressure it can cause narcosis, like other inert gases. Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless heavy gas with the smell of rotten eggs. Very poisonous, even at very low concentrations it causes paralysis of the olfactory nerve. Natural gas has several dangerous properties: Toxicity. This is the most dangerous property. It depends on the composition of the gas. For example, methane and ethane in their pure form are not poisonous, but with a lack of oxygen in the air they lead to suffocation. Gases that contain too much carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide are also hazardous to health. Explosiveness. All natural gases that contain oxygen form a substance that can easily explode in the presence of a fire source. Each gas has a certain ignition temperature, which depends on its molar mass. Natural gases do not always explode, but only if they contain too much oxygen.

1 area of ​​use