What other services are there. What services can be provided to the population in the city? The most requested services in this area

The service is the result of direct interaction between two subjects: the customer (consumer) and the contractor. It also recognizes the result of the latter's own activities, aimed at meeting certain needs. In Russia, there are several options for classifying useful activities. Consider further what types of services exist today.

General classification

Human activity is embodied in specific goods or exists as a beneficial effect of his work. According to these criteria, tangible and intangible types of services are distinguished. For example, a tailor sews clothes. The transformation of material into one or another object acts as a service to this person. His activity, therefore, is material, since it is embodied in a specific product - clothing.

One of key features services that exist today, is considered a beneficial effect for the consumer. At the same time, both living labor and work embodied in a specific product have such an effect. This, in fact, determines the fundamental purpose of the entire service sector. It, in particular, consists in the formation of comfortable conditions for people during recreation, in transport, in a public or other place. The useful effect of the activity is a set of properties of the service, which are aimed directly at satisfying certain human needs.

Economic types

In modern conditions, there are non-market and market types of services. The latter are available for a fee. Prices for such activities are set so that the contractor can not only cover the costs incurred, but also receive income. Market types of services are thus equated with products and act as the object of the transaction. Non-market activities are carried out free of charge. Usually, they are socially oriented. Their financing is carried out at the expense of the budget or funds of public organizations (trade unions, parties and others). Consumers of such services are either households or society as a whole.

Important point

It should be noted that almost all existing species services can be provided both for a fee (in whole or in part), and free of charge. As an exception, the activities of government bodies (including law enforcement and defense institutions), charitable organizations and the church come into play. The services of these entities are always provided free of charge. Today, in accordance with the recommendation of the UN Statistical Commission, any activity that is offered at an economically significant cost is recognized as paid.

Market types

In modern economic system much attention is paid to statistical analysis and forecasting. For the most successful implementation of this activity, it is necessary to carry out the correct segmentation of the market. When solving this problem, it is advisable to apply the following classification of paid useful activities of people:

Purchasing power

The most important factor to be taken into account in the process of studying paid useful activity in Russia is the distribution of the population according to the average per capita income. The volume and structure of expenses for paid services directly depend on its size (other things being equal). According to statistics, low-income citizens refuse from groups 5, 6 and 7. Moreover, due to the lack necessary funds, they cannot allow the full use of offers in categories 1-4. Thus, not being able to pay for public utilities For example, the population accumulates debts.

Features of market segmentation

In theory, every citizen of the country has the opportunity to purchase any service from the first to the seventh group. In this regard, the entire population of the country can be considered as a set of customers that are subject to segmentation. But this procedure cannot be carried out for the entire market as a whole. It should be carried out for each group separately. In this case, the size of the segments in one case or another will be different. For example, in the housing market there is no real estate that belongs to the owners. Therefore, segmentation is carried out among users of rented space, for which citizens pay rent, and rented premises. The market for paid housing maintenance must be distinguished from the sector of own real estate, where the sale and purchase takes place. The latter functions according to other laws of commodity circulation.

Paid transport services do not apply to some categories of citizens. These include, in particular, those who have the right to travel free of charge (disabled people, pensioners, police officers, and others). The international tourism sector attracts predominantly high-income populations. Its part is less than 10% of the total number of citizens of the country.

Significance and mass character

The most important today are:

Domestic services.
Passenger Transportation.
Connection.
Maintenance of children in preschool and school institutions.
Medical services.
Improvement and sanatorium-resort treatment.
Sport and physical culture.
Legal services.
Financial service.
Tourist and excursion sphere.
Scientific area.

In the above list, services are arranged in descending order of priority for the population. This indicates that the first two groups are less elastic to the size of the purchasing power of citizens.

household sphere

In each group, consumers are offered a certain assortment. Household services include:

Individual tailoring and repair of clothes and footwear.
Funeral services.
Repair household appliances, radio electronic equipment.
Knitting and sewing knitwear.
Manufacturing and repair jewelry and others.

Description

For each group there is certain characteristic, according to which the consumer evaluates its significance:

The housing and communal services sector involves the provision of services for the repair of equipment and residential premises, the allocation of hired and leased space. The same category includes the cost of gas, electricity, heating, sewerage, water and other things.
Housing services. They include the direct receipt of rented space, for which citizens deduct rent.
Communal sphere. It involves the supply of gas, electricity, heat, telephone, water, sanitation and so on.
The household sector includes a fairly wide range of activities - from the repair and tailoring of shoes and clothing to photo studios and rental shops.
Passenger traffic involves the use of urban, intercity, international transport to move the population and luggage. They also include related activities of certain institutions: the sale of tickets at the box office, rest rooms at train stations, and so on.
The provision of cultural services is carried out by theaters, cinemas, libraries, philharmonic societies, clubs and so on.
Preschool institutions include nurseries, orphanages, and kindergartens.
Paid educational and medical services involve the activities of private clinics and educational institutions, tutoring, etc.
The tourist and excursion sphere offers the reception and accompaniment of foreign and Russian tourists, including registration necessary documentation, accommodation, food, business, entertainment program.
Financial institutions carry out both free and paid useful activity. The first includes opening and maintaining an account, deposits, the second - currency exchange, storing valuables, renting safes, etc.
Legal services are provided by security firms, notaries, lawyers and others.

Market stability

The scope of some services, for example, household, depends on the level of priority of certain types of them. Market stability is noted among technically complex activities that are almost impossible to carry out at home (repair of a bus, bulky equipment, etc.). The market for services that can be provided at home is subject to great fluctuations. These include, for example, shoe and clothing repair, hairdressers, laundries.

Intangible activity

It acts as a special object of statistical research. When calculating the category of paid intangible activities, the following services are included:

Household character.
Transport and communications.
Preschool institutions.
Sports and physical culture associations.
legal companies.
Insurance, financial firms, etc.

At the moment, the Classification of Services, approved on January 1, 1994, is in force in the Russian Federation.

public services

They are included in a separate category. This activity is carried out at the request of the applicants within the powers established by regulations RF and subjects for the relevant structures. public services provide:

Russian Government.
off-budget fund.
Executive structures of the regions of the Russian Federation.

This activity is carried out in accordance with the functions that are defined for these entities in the Constitution of the country, federal and regional laws.

The service industry is a broad business area. To correctly identify a profitable niche, it is necessary to analyze key market indicators. According to the State Statistical Service and other official sources, the most demanded services are those that are in high demand and are consumed in the largest volumes in terms of percentage value.

Analysis of the paid services market

According to Rosstat, in April 2016, the population of the Russian Federation was provided with paid services for 679.6 billion rubles, in January-April 2016. - by 2668.4 billion rubles. Specific gravity expenses for their payment in consumer spending of the population in April 2016. It amounted to 22.1%, which is 0.6% lower than in April 2015.

Comparison of data in percentage and natural ( monetary terms) allows you to highlight the most popular and profitable services in terms of making a profit.

Table 1 Volume of paid services to the population

	billion rubles	January-April 2016 in % to January-April 2015
Paid services Total
including:
transport

housing
hotel
utilities
culture
tourist
physical education and sports
medical
health-improving
veterinary
educational

Price index not calculated

Source: Federal State Statistics Service

In monetary terms, the leaders are (in descending order): utilities, transport, communications, household, medical, educational, housing.

Current business model: Opening a rental company for laborers, income 1.7 million rubles. in year .

Positive growth dynamics (in descending order) for the period under review are: hotel, physical education and sports, culture, housing, transport, medical.

Thus, transport, housing and medical services are in the greatest demand, judging by the volume of provision for the reporting period, they have a positive growth trend and are in the lead in terms of money.

We do not consider communications and public utilities as a profitable area for business due to their provision to the population by specialized organizations, companies and enterprises.

And household, as one of the most popular types, judging by the volume Money received for their provision during the reporting period, we will consider in detail in order to identify those that are in greatest demand.

As a result of data analysis Federal Service state statistics on household services, we get the following picture. In value terms, maintenance and repair of vehicles, machinery and equipment are leading (22,757.8 million rubles); repair and construction of housing (18532.0 million rubles).

Thus, educational services remain, we will consider the demand for them in the context of preschool institutions.

Preschool Education Services: Opening a Private Kindergarten

As can be seen in Table 2, the number of preschool education organizations at the end of 2015 decreased by 0.9 thousand.

And the number of pupils, according to Rosstat at the end of 2015, on the contrary, increased to 7160 thousand from 6813.6 thousand registered at the end of 2014. In addition, the number of new buildings significantly exceeds the number of kindergartens that can serve them.

This is what the private economy looks like in numbers kindergarten"Interesting kindergarten" in Mitino:

Rice. 1. Economics of the "Interesting Kindergarten".
Source: RBC according to the company

Thus, the initial investment in opening a private kindergarten, including the renovation of the premises, a deposit for rent, the purchase of equipment, expenses in the first year of operation until reaching self-sufficiency, amounted to 15 million rubles. Monthly expenses in the process of operating activities amount to 2 million 950 thousand rubles, this includes: rent, wages, utilities, food, training materials, advertising and marketing. Revenue 3 million 650 thousand rubles, profit before taxes 700 thousand rubles, STS 15% "Income minus expenses" - 105 thousand rubles, net profit 595 thousand rubles. The actual payback period is 21 months, the planned payback period is 36 months.

Services of a private medical center

In 2015, the Russian health care system, due to the reforms carried out over the past few years, faced a completely natural result of the development of the industry. According to a study by the Higher School of Economics, 80% of Russians cannot count on free medical care corresponding to their needs from the state.

The result of the reforms was: a decrease in the quality and availability of free services, a global reduction in healthcare costs, a decrease in the number of beds in hospitals by 9.3% on average across the country, a decrease in the number of doctors by 2.2%, and nurses by 2.8%.

Thus, the toll industry medical services attractive for investment also due to the fact that the state regulates the procedure for including private clinics in the system of compulsory medical insurance (CHI). Opening a private medical center is a profitable and sought-after line of business.

In 2015, non-state medical clinics provided services for the amount of more than 1.2 billion rubles.

According to the statement CEO Association of private clinics of St. Petersburg Alexander Solonin, the most popular areas of the industry are gynecology, therapy and dentistry.

Online advertising business

The Russian media industry has been changing direction over the past few years. Thus, according to the Expert publishing house, in 2015 the TV advertising market fell by 24% compared to 2014 to 1.7 billion rubles, the radio advertising market decreased by 32% to $189 million.

And online advertising, on the contrary, has a positive trend: the average annual growth rate was 16.2%. According to PwC's forecast, as early as 2016 online advertising will overtake television advertising, reaching $2.12 billion and becoming the new leader in the Russian media market. The main whale here is contextual advertising - this is exactly the type of advertising that business owners are willing to spend money on during a crisis.

Let's take a look at how the contextual advertising management business works using the example of the K50 platform, created by young entrepreneurs Stanislav Branovitsky, Ivan Krasnikov, Georgy Ternovsky. This is what the market looks like contextual advertising on the example of the company K50 in numbers:

investments in K50 amounted to $0.8 million;
turnover of K50 in April 2015 - 210 million rubles;
revenue of K50 in April 2015 - 2.1 million rubles;
K50 service offers 4 products;
2500 registrations in K50 services;
450 active customers use K50 products.

Transport services

According to the Institute for the Economics and Development of Transport (IEDT), the role of motor transport in the cargo turnover of the Russian Federation has a pronounced growth dynamics. Experts’ calculations show that by 2030, the role of railway transport will fall from 87% to 83%, and motor transport will grow from 9% to 11%. In the volume of cargo transportation, the same trends: 20% and 15% for railway and 78% and 83% for motor vehicles. Opening a transport company is a promising line of business.

It is known that demand cannot exist without supply. Like, in fact, vice versa. Services are one of the offerings. However, they can in no way be attributed to the finished product, since the latter can always be purchased and disposed of at your discretion. Services are a kind of process aimed at meeting the needs of the buyer.

On the this moment there are all kinds of services, and their number is constantly growing. These include:

Communications (television, radio, communication, Internet, etc.).
Medical services (consultations, examination, treatment).
Trade (shops, markets).
Leisure and travel (hotels, hotels, sanatoriums, rest houses, etc.).
Education and upbringing (schools, kindergartens).
Repair and maintenance (from industrial equipment to small appliances in the household).
Transport and all kinds of transportation (sea, land, air).
Insurance.
Legal services.
Banks (loans, deposits, etc.)
Advertising.

Today it is not possible to completely do without banking services. Wherever you go modern man and whatever he does, all his actions will be directly or indirectly related to money. He needs to regularly spend on his needs and at the same time control savings. None entity will not do without a current account and salary payments to employees. For these purposes, there are types of banking services:

Deposits (creating a bank account).
Opening of accounts and their further maintenance.
Lending (issuance by a bank of funds with the subsequent obligation to return them and pay interest).
Transfers from account to account, from any of them.
Production of plastic cards. With their help, you can control the movement of money from account to account, as well as receive and issue salaries.
Cash and non-cash money transfers.
Acceptance of payments (for example, for utilities, insurance, fines).
Rent bank for storing valuables.
Investment, factoring, collection (for legal entities).

Banks can provide other types of services. This is, for example, advice to their clients on choosing the most appropriate way to dispose of material assets.

Such services as advertising are very popular. With the help of it, any product and any activity is promoted. Advertising is aimed at stimulating the growth of demand, and hence the successful sale of the offer. Its goal is to interest as many potential buyers or users as possible. This is facilitated different kinds advertising services:

Newspapers and magazines (limited to the target audience).
Television (the most powerful way, covering the majority of consumers).
Radio.
Outdoor banners, billboards, light bollards, vehicles, building walls, etc.).
Printed products (a specific mention of a product or service on paper for subsequent distribution).
Souvenirs (products with the logo of the manufacturer).
Advertising at the point of sale (for example, by a seller in a store of a product).
Postal mailing.

In addition, there are also very original advertising services on benches, on fences, on asphalt, on balloons, on the human body, with the help of 25 frames and laser inscriptions on the sky, and even in public toilets. But it is in such a place with the modern pace of life that it becomes possible to read quietly.

Your own enterprise is not just an opportunity to work exclusively for yourself, it is a chance to realize your personal entrepreneurial potential, gain control over your own time and your financial security. The planning stage is always the hardest, because it will determine whether you will be able to succeed in your chosen field. Only a few at the start of their business know exactly what they want to do. For everyone else, we offer a list of business areas that will help determine the direction. It will also be useful to have an extensive one in which you can easily choose and buy the option you like.

How to choose your niche

The field of work you have chosen should not only be profitable, it should allow self-fulfillment, constantly showing your competitors exactly how you differ from them, why the consumer should choose you. Thus, the choice of development direction should be based on the following principles:

you should enjoy the chosen activity;
the result of your activity should be in demand and useful for the consumer;
your work should be profitable, in other words, generate income.

Based on this, it becomes clear that the discovery own enterprise preceded by a preparatory stage, which includes:

creating a list of your interests and clients for whom they can be calculated;
market analysis from the point of view of the consumer;
assessment of the chosen niche from various positions;
search for funds to start.

Thus, the choice of business should be made dependent not only on your personal preferences, but also on consumer demand, the ability to implement it in the locality where you are located, and also on the availability of financial resources for the successful launch of the project.

Which area to choose

If we talk about the classification of activities in general, then the whole business can be divided into 5 large groups:

production;
commerce;
finance;
consulting;
services.

Of course, the classification does not end there. Each of these categories includes a wide variety of types of entrepreneurship. In order to systematize government bodies even created a whole list of species economic activity, which gives each of them a special code, which facilitates the process of accounting for established enterprises.

So, let's look at all the directions in sections:

The list of business sectors that we have given can be expanded by a more detailed classification. Look complete list activities can be found here.

It goes without saying that the industry you choose should match your personal preferences and existing knowledge, but in any case, you will have to start with a business plan, for example, you can view and. Moreover, each of them has a number of advantages. For example, the service sector is different:

small investment;
ease of management;
the possibility of providing additional services;
no need to invest heavily in advertising and promotion, since this direction often develops thanks to word of mouth.

The sphere of production is more complex and costly already at the initial stage. Usually it is associated with the purchase of expensive equipment, the lease of large premises. But those who decide to succeed in this particular direction can enlist the support of the state, since this particular business is now a priority in Russia. In any case, whatever the chosen niche, it must be in demand, and also benefit society. Only then will your work be rewarded with a good profit.

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