Title for school graduation magazine. Choosing the name of the school newspaper

The newspaper's columns are of particular importance. A newspaper without categories is like a suit without buttons, classes without breaks.
The rubric is part of the so-called header complex. Rubric – a supertitle that specifies the topic of the material,
Headings allow the reader to accurately find in the publication exactly what interests him.

The headings make it possible to form the basis of the content and thematic model of the publication and to determine the most important thematic areas of its publications.
Headings make it easier to develop a compositional model of a newspaper, determine its structure and construct each issue. Therefore, an important task of the editorial board is to form a system of newspaper headings.

There are two types of headings:
The most important are thematic headings that determine the topics of publications. The thematic section combines both a single-topic selection of publications on a newspaper page and an entire thematic page.

Economy

Policy

Culture

Education

The newspaper uses service sections just as actively. They also help organize the materials in the issue and help readers find publications that interest them.
Several types of service rubrics are used.

Genre headings (determine the genre of publications):

Fact and comment

Our interview

Reportage

Review

Time headings (indicate the time of events reported by publications):
Regional heading (limiting the region reported by the newspaper):

Auditorium rubric (aimed at certain group readers):

Today and yesterday

Pulse of the week

Yesterday in our city

Abroad

For you book lovers

Tips for gardeners

Service headings may suggest the source of information published in the newspaper:
There is a concept - monopoly sections, which are found only in this publication.
The image of the publication depends on the system of headings; monopoly headings play a huge role in its formation.

News agencies report

From our own correspondents

Expert opinion

Events, facts

Pen samples

Reportage

History of our city

Each newspaper should develop its own system of columns, differing in nature, duration of their existence, focus on a specific audience, etc.
Some sections are used constantly in the publication and usually coincide with the main thematic sections of the newspaper, others are temporary and episodic. They help clarify the nature of the publication.

The heading is most often placed above the text, but sometimes it is “tied” to the heading or “sunk” in the text (i.e. placed inside the text).

The role of a rubric can also be played by screensaver is a drawing or photograph that reflects the theme of the material. For example, the font heading “Sport” is most often replaced with a small drawing with sports symbols.

Main question

The section should be catchy, informational, preferably not boring, and even more preferably, original.
About this, unlike the title, it should be extremely short and universal - reusable.

The school newspaper, of course, should have sections consisting of school “terms”.

Not “In leisure hours”, but “Change”.

Not “Our Teachers”, but “Teacher’s Room”.

Not “In the world of wise thoughts,” but “Crib for life.”

something to think about and think about.

We wish you success in this!

Let's share our experience:

All teams came with their newspapers. Let each name its own sections.

Interesting findings can be recorded, and the school with the most successful rubric system can be identified.

A common problem: hackneyed topics, we pay little attention to them.

“Event Feed”, “Starfall”; "This is interesting"; "Photosketch"; "Report from the scene"; “Cadet self-government informs”; "Attempt at writing"; “Gallery”, “Congratulations!”; "Interview number"; "Connection of generations."

You are reading newspapers. But they hardly paid attention, for example, to the size of the heading or sidebar, what font the main text was in or how many columns it was organized into. Meanwhile, the reader’s acquaintance with the newspaper begins with its appearance. What will be the first impression of your publication: will it seem cheerful and mischievous, or, on the contrary, will it put the reader in a serious mood for perceiving problematic articles? How pleasant and convenient will it be to read your newspaper: is it easy to understand what the material on the page is about, who is shown in the picture and why it is him? The design of the newspaper should answer these and other questions.

In many school editorial offices, it is generally accepted that when all the texts have been written and submitted, then the newspaper is almost ready. This is not entirely true. Imagine that you have to give a report to an audience. Of course, the text of the report is very important. But it is also important how exactly you will read it: what you will wear, what intonations you will use, whether you will show slides. This determines how carefully people in the room will listen to you and whether they will listen at all. Designing for a newspaper is just such preparation for a presentation. Just as it is difficult and uninteresting for all of us to listen to long monotonous speeches, it is also difficult and uninteresting to read gray, inexpressive columns of text. Nowadays, the reader wants some kind of zest, something interesting, attractive and at the same time informative.

So, here are a few principles on which good newspaper design is based.

The content of the newspaper is not only texts, but also everything that is on the pages: photographs, drawings, various graphic elements. In fact, the reader receives most of the information not at all from the main text, which the journalist is so proud of. First, he reads the headlines, illustrations, captions and sidebars - that is, those elements that - here's a paradox - are least thought about in the school editorial office. And only then (if all this interests him) he may read the material.
Design is a way of dialogue with the reader; it should not just please the eye, but help to understand the content of the material. The main task of the designer is to make the newspaper as convenient and interesting as possible for the reader. This means that the reader should see words and phrases, not fancy font; interesting photo, not possibilities Photoshop programs. A good designer is like a good storyteller. He will not miss interesting information and will definitely pay attention to it. And first of all, he thinks not about himself, but about those for whom the newspaper is published - about the readers.
There is nothing worse than meaningless decoration.“Because I like it this way” and “because it’s more beautiful” are the most ridiculous reasons for design decisions. Because there are no comrades according to taste and color. If you think your design finds are beautiful, this does not mean that everyone else thinks the same. It is much better if your decisions are justified, for example, like this: “There is a large headline here because the material is important and interesting,” “This photo more accurately conveys the character of the hero of the material,” “This drawing is more interesting, it has the right mood,” etc. P. Logic is something that everyone understands.
The newspaper must be designed systematically. The same elements on different stripes and in different numbers should be designed the same way. Imagine that all the columns in a newspaper look different: one is enclosed in a strict rectangular frame, one looks like text on a ruler, and the third generally seems to report seasonal sales. With such diversity, it’s difficult to even immediately figure out: are these categories at all? The reader gets used to appearance various elements of the strip, then he can easily recognize them. In the same way, different issues of a newspaper should be recognizable, because you can form your own style only by constantly adhering to it.

Strip elements

Before you start laying out the newspaper, you need to get acquainted with the basic elements of the strip - those parts of the designer from which you will assemble it. Plus, it will allow you to learn to speak design language, which will make it easier to understand the rest of the material. Let's take a look at a regular newspaper page.

(illustration.

As you can see, a newspaper page consists of many elements that are completely different in nature.

Running title. As a rule, the header and footer consists of a column number (page number), the name of the newspaper, the issue and the date of its publication. Often the footer includes a thematic section that relates to the entire page.
Title. The name of the material, typed in large font, is usually located above the material.
Subtitle. An additional heading explaining what the material will be about and conveying the main idea.
Lead. The “impact” first paragraph of the text, designed to interest the reader.
Inset. A quotation from an article, highlighted in a special font and often in an additional graphic way.
Main text. Article printed in basic typesetting format.
Initial letter, lantern, initial. The first letter of the article is highlighted.
In-text subtitle. The title of a separate part of the main material.
Author. Information about the author of the material can be given either at the beginning of the material or at the end, sometimes accompanied by a small photograph.
Heading. An inscription that is used for special blocks of information.
Illustration. In this case, this is a photograph, but the illustration can also be a drawing.
Signature under the photo. Explains what is shown in the photograph, sets the context of perception, or communicates an interesting fact.
Source illustration. Name of the photographer or indication of another source of the photo (news agency, photo bank)
Infographics. Charts, tables, or maps that visually display information.
Clipping. A technique in which the background of a photograph or part of it is removed.
Non-standard column. A column that differs in width from the main format of the set.
Intercolumnar. Space between columns.
Sub-layout. Material that is related to the main text, an addition to it.
Dividing line. Allows a clearer distinction between materials.
Frame. Used to highlight materials or notes.
Air. All white space, remaining unprinted paper.
Substrate. A colored or gray rectangle placed under the text.
Reversal. White text placed on a dark background.
Text wrapping. A technique in which the main text seems to “flow around” an element.
Logo, title complex. Newspaper name and Additional Information about the publication.

Some of them are typed in fonts, others are drawn using the tools of a layout program, and the illustrations generally represent a complete author’s creation. Newspaper strips are like puzzles that can be put together different ways. The task is simplified by the fact that often these elements are combined into complexes to work together. For example, an illustration complex consists of an illustration and captions for it. Several notes on one topic are combined into a common complex - a collection. Later we will dwell in more detail on the specific rules and traditions of designing strip elements. But first, let's take a closer look at the main “tool of labor” of a newspaper designer – type.

Newspaper design: where to start?

We determine the metric characteristics and the number of columns.

First, we need to decide on the format of the newspaper. After all, the amount of materials on a strip directly depends on its size. Most school newspapers are published in A4 format. Next, we determine the margins: usually they are 15–20 millimeters. The space remaining after subtracting the fields is called the mirror of the set; all elements of the strip are located inside this field.

For an A4 newspaper, you can use a three- or four-column layout. Which one you prefer depends not only on your taste, but also on the characteristics of the main font. Column width affects line length. The longer the line, the more characters it contains, the text looks neater, and it is more convenient to read. In a narrow column there will be a lot of hyphenation, interword spaces will be of different sizes, which leads to a sloppy appearance of the text and reduced readability. From this point of view, three columns are more advantageous. This is why most school newspapers are laid out this way. On the other hand, the more columns, the more different options for the layout of elements, the pages look more interesting, and then four columns are preferable.

The problem is that with four-column layout on A4 format, the line length is only a little more than four centimeters, and this is quite small. This might help right choice font. Choose a narrow font for typing the main text - the narrowed shape of its characters will allow a sufficient number of characters to fit on 4 centimeters. Virtually any font will work for a three-column layout.

Choosing fonts

If previously a newspaper designer was limited to the set of fonts available in the printing house, today he has thousands of fonts at his disposal. Often, beginning designers strive to use their font palette to the maximum, and this does not reflect well on the newspaper. It is best to limit yourself to two to four fonts and use them constantly.

For typing basic text, choose fonts with a simple, easily recognizable design. Both serif and sans serif fonts are suitable. It would be good if it had a large number of styles. The main text is usually typed in 9 point, the standard leading is 10.8 points. Choose a font “in the stripe” - that is, in the conditions in which it will work. Most The best way To make sure that the font is chosen correctly is to type it into one column of your newspaper, print it out and check how easy it is to read the text. This also helps if you have several “candidates” for the title of Primary Typeface.

Since the newspaper has different types texts, you may need an additional text typeface. Like the main one, it should look good in the column width you choose. In addition, both of these headsets should fit well with each other. Most often, the additional and main fonts form a pair of “grotesque - serif”, but other solutions are possible.

If the main task The main font is to be as easy to read as possible, but for heading fonts this is not so important. After all, their main task is to attract the reader’s attention. Still, we shouldn’t forget that headlines are still read, not looked at. You should not choose too pretentious, obviously decorative fonts for headings. They can be used on thematic pages (humor, congratulations, holidays), but not throughout the newspaper. And, of course, your title font should match your text font.

We create service elements: logo, footer, output data.

Every designer wants his newspaper to be bright and memorable, but newspaper design is not intended for self-expression, because its main task is to present the contents of the issue as clearly and interestingly as possible. Even when we were talking about choosing a text font, it became clear that a novice designer cannot do without strict restrictions on the free flight of thoughts. He will have to constantly stop himself in creative experiments and ask questions: will this ruin the ease of reading, will the strip look sloppy, and will the design help better convey the essence of the material? The work of a newspaper designer may seem boring, and in order not to disappoint him at all, let's leave him an outlet - the newspaper logo. Do whatever you want with it. Try in its form, in the selection of fonts used in it, to convey the spirit of your publication, its mood. On the cover the logo is placed large, so that the pretentiousness of its shapes will not harm good recognition. On the inner stripes - in the headers and footers - the name can simply be typed in font if the logo is not readable when greatly reduced.

However, in fairness, it is worth noting that for the most part, newspaper logos look quite simple. As a rule, this is the name of the newspaper, typed in a completely “ordinary” font.

In addition to the logo, the title complex includes the number, publication date and a brief self-introduction of the newspaper (for example, “Tomsk city newspaper”, “newspaper of Perm State University students”, “newspaper of gymnasium No. 26”). In addition to these mandatory components, the title complex can include the slogan of your newspaper, the emblem of the newspaper or educational institution (if any) and any other information you wish.

The header and footer are usually placed at the top of the page across the entire width of the page. It includes a column number (page number), which is best placed in the upper outer corner, the name of the publication, the date and number of its publication. Often a thematic section is included in the footer, heading the entire page.

Don’t forget to provide space for the imprint: it contains additional information about the newspaper, members of the editorial board and people who worked on the issue, telephone number and address of the editorial office, information about the printing house and the number of copies. Some multipage publications publish their output on a second page. But this is a magazine tradition; with this arrangement, the output data appears next to another auxiliary element - the content. The newspaper behaves more modestly and places the output at the bottom of the last page. Quite often, school newspapers and magazines are printed with a color cover, the inside pages are black and white, and the editors usually want to include a selection of bright photographs on the last page to make maximum use of color. In this case, the output data can be moved to the penultimate strip.

Once you have decided on the format, the number of columns, made and placed a logo on the cover and headers and footers on the inner pages, you have a general frame ready that will be filled with the specific content of the issue. You also have a font palette that will help you design the different types of text found in your newspaper - tongue-in-cheek and serious, large and small, highly structured and solid.

Basic elements: title, text, photo

Headings: introducing the reader to the article

Headings are the most prominent text elements. On a strip, the header performs four tasks:

briefly reflects the content of the article;
makes it clear what is important and what is secondary;
lures the reader;
organizes material on the page.

Modern newspapers, for the most part, strive to design headlines in the most functional and simple way: off on the left edge or in the center, a standard set with a combination of lowercase and capital letters, positioned at the top of the material. Quite often, the width of the title is equal to the width of the article (the number of columns that the article occupies). This is standard, but not the only way design of the title of the material.

Turn off– alignment of lines relative to the boundaries of the column (or the total number of columns) on which they are typed. Left justification - when all lines are aligned to the left, right justification - when all lines are aligned to their center, center justification assumes that all lines are aligned to their center. The column format justification, which is used primarily for typing body text, consists of lines that are aligned to both the right and left borders of the column.

The wider the heading, the fewer lines it should contain: otherwise the whole structure will look too cumbersome. If the title takes up 3-4 columns, then it should contain one or two lines. It is clear that narrower headings will require more lines: in a heading one column wide, 3-4 lines are acceptable. In this case, it is desirable that the division into lines be carried out in accordance with the meaning. And it is considered completely bad form to leave prepositions and conjunctions at the end of a line, as well as hyphenation of words.

The size of the title is usually proportional to the size of the article: the larger the material, the larger the size of the title. Small headings ranging in size from 12 to 24 points accompany small notes, medium (from 24 to 48 points) and large (more than 48 points) accompany articles of medium and large size. The size of the heading helps the reader orient himself on the page. The central story always has the largest heading, even if it is not the largest in size. Notes with a common theme always have headings of the same size.

It is recommended to avoid (at least on the same page and spread) headings that are similar but unequal in size. This rule is especially true for small headings. Small differences in the size of headings are difficult to determine by eye, and due to the difference in font sizes, such a strip will look sloppy. Therefore, differences in the size of headings should be immediately and unambiguously distinguishable.

Main text: how to make it beautiful and not boring

The main text is the main workhorse of a newspaper. Journalists respect and love their text, but designers often treat it with disdain, considering the columns of the main text gray and boring. However, there are many typographic techniques to decorate the text, and the article itself will give you a reason to add variety to the gray columns.

There are always little things in texts that require additional registration. For example, the text of an interview consists of the journalist's questions and the respondent's answers, and, as a rule, the questions are highlighted in bold or italic type. The first paragraph of the body text often begins with a drop cap - capital letters, several lines tall. Articles have subheadings that also require special attention. Polls, movie reviews, book reviews and other similar collections also require careful design.

Choose your favorite design methods or come up with your own, just apply them consistently and constantly. Texts of the same nature should be formatted in the same way, then the appropriate design will be able to tell the reader what is in front of him: the text of an article, a survey, or additional information on the topic.

Photography: a story in pictures

Many are sure that the phrases “being a journalist” and “writing texts” are synonymous. Editors think that photographs are a nice decoration, but if there is not enough space and they have to make a choice: either shorten the text or crop the photo, guess who will benefit? The problem is that they are mistaken. For today's reader, it is becoming increasingly important visibility. If you want to convey any information to the reader, a photo can be no less important than text. If you want to grab the attention of a potential reader passing by, a photo becomes more valuable than text.

Your photography should help you tell interesting stories to your readers. A photograph, albeit not of very high quality, but taken at the scene of the event, is always better than a beautiful but meaningless picture from an online photo bank. Try to choose “live” ones, interesting photos. If this is a portrait, then it should show the person’s emotions and mood. If this is a photograph of an event, then the dynamics and action should be visible. Avoid static and boring photos; try to choose shots that would tell something about the people depicted besides their external data: about their characters, what they do and why they are so interesting.

Tell readers about the people and events captured in the photo caption. When we see an interesting photo, we immediately want to know more about it. Don't be afraid of long captions, if the text helps you understand what is happening - this is only for the best. In your caption, you can tell facts, even if they indirectly relate to the moment captured in the photo. Place the comment next to the photo; the common practice of publishing captions at the end of the article is practically unjustified.

A good photograph, accompanied by an interesting caption, will not leave any reader indifferent.

Unfortunately, school life does not always provide the “scenery” for bright, unusual photographs. Here are four typical “failed” photographs, which, unfortunately, are quite often found on the pages of school publications.

1. "The Man at the Table" An expressionless face, hands folded in front of you, a pile of papers on the table. How to avoid this: ask him to do something, take him off during a conversation when there is emotion on his face.

2. "Receive and smile." The presentation of diplomas and certificates in life is solemn and joyful, but in photographs it looks very boring. How to avoid this: If someone has done or is doing something worthy of an award, photograph them doing it - this will give the reader more information than a picture of a diploma, the text of which he cannot even read. If this is not possible, print a portrait of him and accompany him with a quote.

3. "Execution at dawn." A group of people lined up along a wall to be photographed is the worst bane of many school newspapers. Sometimes these photos simply cannot be avoided. For example, when you print material about graduating class. But in other cases, try to photograph people doing something they are interested in.

4. "Bored meeting." Conferences, round tables, meetings and other events with a presidium look especially dreary. How to avoid this: Print portraits and expressive statements of the participants, or better yet, find out in advance what the meeting will be about and photograph it. Illustrate the problem, not boring discussions about it.

Here it is worth mentioning one technical mistake that novice photographers often make. Remember, never take pictures of people against a lighted window. The human eye adapts to the lighting, and in life we do not notice that the light from the window “clogs” the subject. But the camera records it as it is, and at best, people photographed in this way will have monochromatic gray, “flat” faces. At worst, they will simply turn into black silhouettes on a light background.

Cropping will help you make the photo more expressive, complete, and more clearly identify the main content of the frame. Most of the photographs submitted for editing were taken on digital camera and have 3x4 frame proportions. However, this does not mean at all that this is exactly the shape they should be in the strip. This also doesn't mean you have to use all the space in the photo. Look for the main thing in the picture and remove details that are not important.

The unusual proportions of the photograph - rectangles that are very elongated vertically and horizontally - attract the reader's attention with their unusualness. Just remember this and don't be afraid of unconventional framing. Be skeptical about what really important in the frame. Agree, the top of a person’s head reveals very little about his individuality, and at the same time, many editors are panicky about the situation when it remains outside the frame. There is no reason for this. It is much more valuable to show an expressive look and facial expressions. Close-ups and macro photography have been considered fashionable for the last thirty to forty years. Famous photographer, photography classic Robert Capa said, “If your pictures aren’t good enough, you didn’t get close enough.”

Close-ups look beautiful as a central photo, and even with significant reduction they do not lose their information content. Average and general plans, containing small details, themselves require more space on the page: they must be placed large so that the reader can see all the details. But this does not mean that they have no place in the newspaper. Sometimes the situation surrounding the main character of a photo can tell even more about him than his face.

You can also use the technique of cropping photo illustrations: this is a technique in which the background of the photo or part of it is removed. The unusual shape of such photographs adds variety to the strict “rectangularity” of the stripes, but requires special attention when positioned on the strip. The voids that form in place of the cut-out background can create visual discomfort.

Here are some questions to help you choose a great photo.

Does the photo have a direct relationship to the topic and content of the material?
Is it possible, by looking at the photograph, to understand the essence of the event?
What caption can you write under this photo?
Is there in the picture bright emotions?
Is the composition of the photo expressive (taking into account the possibilities of framing)?
Does the photo have an unusual angle or a combination of different shots?

When choosing a central photo, the “fresh mind” technique also works well: show the photo to a person who knows nothing about the event and ask him to tell what he sees. If he uses general phrases like “someone is saying something to someone,” this means that either the photo definitely needs an informative caption, or it’s worth looking for another shot.

It is important that the material contains a leading photo. One main shot always works better than two or three of roughly the same size, even if they are all interesting and attractive. Therefore, if one photo is not enough for you, but you need several, try to distribute the roles, think about which photo to take as the “soloist” in your ensemble, and which ones can work well in supporting roles.

An elegant addition to the illustrative side of the page can be portrait photographs of newsmakers or experts whose opinions on the topic you present. Such photographs are usually small in size - they can be even 2x3 centimeters - and complement direct speech well. For example, an opinion poll can be accompanied by small photographs of your respondents. This is not so difficult to do: it is enough for the journalist making the material to assign a photographer to the task. Moreover, since the photo size is small, this may not be professional photographer, but any member of the editorial staff who knows the necessary basics of photography.

Layout of the newspaper

So, you are faced with a specific task - to make up an issue of the newspaper. First, draw up a plan for the issue (however, if the editorial work is properly organized, it should already be ready, but we will talk about this a little later): how many materials are planned for the issue, what size are they, are there illustrations for them. To begin, place your materials on the strips in a master set format to accurately estimate their volume. In other words, make proofs. After this, you will be able to plan the entire room with greater accuracy and distribute materials into strips so that there is enough space for everything. And do not forget that illustrations and headings require a fairly large volume.

Now you can start laying out specific strips and spreads. How many materials are planned per page (spread), do you have the main material on the page, is it equipped with a photograph or other illustration, is its quality acceptable, what is the structure of the materials and the nature of the text? The answers to these questions are the starting points for building a composition. The page should tell the reader what is important about it. The more important, interesting, and unique the article, the more noticeable it should be. And it is better if it is accompanied by an illustration.

A newspaper page is a strictly organized hierarchical system. At first glance at the page, the reader should understand which material is the main one and which is secondary, which notes are united by a common theme and which are not related to each other, what is worth reading first and why, which photo belongs to which material and which caption is which comments on the photo. In this case, the visibility of the material or its individual element on the strip should depend on its informational significance. Conspicuity is influenced by two factors: the scale (size) of the element and its location. What is more is more important - this principle is clear to everyone. But many editors and designers often forget about its reverse effect. So, important information should immediately catch the eye, do not force the reader to look for it among the monotonous gray lines of text. As a rule, the most<вкусная>information is located at the top of the page. The leading image and the title of the main material must be located at the top of the page. Start building the strip by determining their location and size.

Many novice designers place photographs too small, which makes the newspaper strips look sluggish and uninteresting. Leave no doubt: a large, expressive photograph will attract the reader’s attention more strongly and make him interested in the article. We have already mentioned that one large shot is always better than two medium ones. But even if your material is accompanied by several photos, be sure to make one of them the leading one.

Try to keep all materials in a rectangular shape - it looks neater and more orderly. With a rectangular layout, the strip structure is easier for the reader to recognize. For A4 format, which is used for most school newspapers, would be better suited vertical layout: with this layout, materials look like rectangles elongated vertically. Layout<этажами>- when materials are located one above the other - less successful. Most often, one or two materials fit on an A4 page, rarely three materials, with the exception of news collections. When they are placed one above the other, the materials in the basement are very less visible, and there is a high risk that the reader will not notice them at all.

Good design requires good content

The main secret of good newspaper design is clear pre-planning . Discuss in advance, even before creating the article, what its volume will be, how many illustrations are needed and what should be on them. Later, it will be much easier for you to collect strips and the newspaper as a whole: after all, situations where there is either too much text or not enough will be significantly reduced. To make your plans closer to reality,<измерьте>your newspaper. Make design categories clear to journalists, then, while still working on the text, they will understand<влезает>whether their text is in a stripe.

See how much text fits in a column or strip: count the number of characters with spaces (this will be more accurate) or the number of lines. See how much space different sized photos take up, and convert square centimeters into the same stripe space measurement system - signs with spaces. Thus, you will know in advance that if the strip material comes with a horizontal illustration in two columns, then the text should not exceed, for example, three thousand characters with spaces. The strip is not rubber, and photographs are necessary because no one wants to read boring text strips. And if a journalist wants his article not only to be published, but also to be read, then let him accept these rules of the game.

Print out all this data and hang it on the wall in your office. They can be presented in the form of templates for typical, frequently occurring strips, which would indicate approximate amounts of text for different combination options with photos (one, two) and headings (two words long or ten). Then the designer will not have to waste time solving the problem<как запихать весь этот текст в полосу и еще поставить фото>, instead, he may wonder how to make this material more attractive and interesting.

Turn dull monolithic texts into information packages. Texts in large quantities are depressing and frighten the reader. We seem to have developed text anxiety syndrome. How can I make large text look friendlier and safer? Break them up into parts: several small texts are easier to read than one large one, even if their total volume is slightly larger than that of monolithic material. We don’t even start reading some major articles because we think it takes a lot of time. When there are different types of text on a page, the designer has something to show off his skills on, and the page looks more attractive.

Step 1. Break up long text with in-text subheadings. They are usually placed where there is a change of topic or a logical pause in the narrative. Don’t scatter them everywhere, as this will clearly not help the reader better understand the material. By the way, it’s easier to write texts with subheadings: you don’t need to spend a lot of time and effort to figure out how to move from one thought to another - a subheading simply removes this problem. Or maybe the text itself is already a collection of materials? For example, there is no point in writing a review of computer games or reviews of new films in monolithic text. Just show the structure of the material clearly: let it appear to the reader as a community of small notes.

Step 2. Find bright phrases, statements, meaningful thoughts and make a quote insert out of them. This will diversify the strip and serve as another lure on the reader’s path.<вглубь>material. The inset quote is a kind of announcement of the most delicious thing in the article.

Step 3. See if there is information in the text that can become a separate mini-material - textography. This could be additional information, background knowledge about the things we write about, biographical information, individual figures and facts, expert opinions. It is absolutely not necessary to include all this in the main text of the material, which becomes more difficult to perceive from unnecessary explanations. The most important separatists that require separation from the main text are polls, which novice journalists love so much.

Step 4. Why only text? Perhaps some quantitative data or dynamics of changes in indicators would be better conveyed not in text form at all? The results of a non-personalized survey will be displayed much more clearly (and therefore more understandably) in a diagram. The sharp January cold snap could not be more noticeable if you draw a graph. Large collections of data are best presented in the form of a table. Beginning journalists often neglect accurate information altogether, because it is difficult to perceive in text form. They prefer to write<школьная столовая стала гораздо более популярной среди учеников>. Much more - how much? - this phrase tells the reader absolutely nothing. Instead, you can collect precise data about cafeteria visits and present it in a graph. You can also mark on the graph those changes in the menu that<добавили баллов>school kitchen. As a result, we no longer get just a recording of data, but a kind of analysis of the canteen’s activities. Supplement such material with a recipe for branded cutlets or a rating of the popularity of different dishes (it can be done separately for students and for teachers), brief biographical information about the chefs, and you will get an interesting information package that all your readers will be happy to read and remember. And making such materials is much more interesting. Imagine how impressive such a stripe or spread can look!

Step 5. Start writing texts in a new way. It is much more convenient and simpler not to waste energy struggling with monotonous long texts, but to immediately write in batches. Then the panic before the due date will decrease. Instead of frantically re-reading long texts in the hope of creating at least a few subheadings, you can pay more attention to choosing a photo, drawing a beautiful diagram, or perfecting the wording of a headline.

Heading: the most important text

Many school newspaper headlines are long, vague and vague. It is impossible to understand from them what this material is about and why it is interesting. Many novice journalists completely forget about the headline and write only the text in full confidence that this is precisely the work of a journalist. Meanwhile, the brightness and temptingness of the title quite often becomes the main criterion when deciding whether it is worth reading the material at all. So while this section is about design and not wordsmithing, let's at least look at the most important techniques that will help you create a good newspaper headline. So, take a look at a typical headline in your newspaper.

Is it easy to read? The title should be accurate and understandable. Formulate headings in normal conversational language, avoid bureaucracy and pretentiousness. The title is the first thing the reader learns about the material, so a boring and unattractive title will immediately give him the impression that the text is not worth reading.

If you can improve the title, shorten it, use more succinct wording, be sure to do so. Firstly, brevity, as we know, is the sister of talent, and secondly, short titles are better perceived by the reader. It is much easier to remember a few words than a few sentences. In addition, a short title will create fewer layout problems.

Focus on what's important. Coming up with headlines is quite a difficult task, but there is one recipe that always helps. Don’t immediately look for a beautiful wording; first, try to formulate in your own words what this material is about. The wording should begin with the words<Эта история о том, как:>or<Из этого материала вы узнаете, что:>. Then you will have<черновой>header option that can be modified. If the wording still turns out to be too general, read the article again and try to highlight the individual, most Interesting Facts- by talking about them in the title, you will attract the reader's attention. Compare two titles for one material from a series<как я провел лето>: <Путешествие в Китай> or <Стена, которой две тысячи лет> . And although the story about the Great Wall of China is only part of the material, putting this fact in the title made it more specific and interesting.

Use subheadings. They can supplement the title with information, because sometimes a few words in the title are not enough to tell the reader all the necessary information about the material. For example, an expressive but not very informative headline <Джойстик к бою!> will complement well the informational subheading that explains the essence of the event <12 октября состоится городской чемпионат по компьютерным играм>.

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Will make her " business card» educational institution? How to select material for publication? We will try to find answers to the questions posed and prove the relevance of this area.

Where does school life begin?

In order for the children to be interested in communicating and being within the walls of their home school, they try to organize their own “printing houses.” The main assistants in this intellectual activity for high school students are teachers of Russian language and literature. It is they who can suggest topics for the school newspaper to the children at the very beginning of their work as a journalist.

Coming up with a name

“Whatever you name the ship, that’s how it will sail.” This expression can be applied in our case. Therefore, it is so important that the name of the school newspaper is bright and memorable, attracting the attention of both children and school teachers. For example, such an interesting name as “School Boom” will be relevant, bright, and original. A newspaper with such a big name will make you want to not only look at it, but also read it carefully. I do not like? In this case, you can come up with another name for the school newspaper, for example, “I am a journalist!” The choice depends on the personal preferences of the children, the focus of the educational institution, as well as creative imagination beginners "sharks of the pen".

Subject of work

Has the name of the school newspaper been invented? In this case, you can safely move on to thinking through its layout. If previously schoolchildren had to manually print basic materials on sheets of Whatman paper, spending great amount free time, the procedure is now significantly simplified. It is enough to select the computer program you like, select the appropriate design option, size and font option, and you can begin the procedure of typing the next school issue. If you wish, you can not only use some texts, but also supplement them with illustrations, photographs, and drawings. Of course, small crossword puzzles and psychological tests will be interesting for students and teachers.

Not only the name of the school newspaper, examples of which we gave above, but also its content is important. We offer some options for directions that can be considered in separate issues. If a special number is planned for professional holiday teachers, in this case you can come up with material in the form of interviews with individual teachers. Among the questions asked of them are Special attention You can pay attention to the choice of profession, as well as satisfaction with your work.

In order for the newspaper to not be too serious in content, the material is “diluted” with poems written by schoolchildren for their teachers. The New Year's issue is sure to be complemented with bright and unusual wishes, a comic horoscope of compatibility between teachers and schoolchildren, and New Year's riddles. If you wish, you can even come up with a quiz, the winners of which can be both teachers and children. The awards ceremony can be held at the New Year's tree, using the newspaper as a real source of information.

Conclusion

Any educational institution, which has creative and active schoolchildren, is trying to create its own newspaper. In some secondary schools, all the initiative comes from high school students; they themselves come up with the name, layout of the newspaper, and its content. In other schools, a separate teacher is appointed by the director to manage the newspaper. He selects a team of high school students, teaches them the basics of journalism, and supervises their work. Whatever option for creating a school press is chosen, in any case, the newspaper helps to monitor sports and intellectual events taking place at school, make announcements of events, and talk about serious and necessary moments.

Instructions

In order to successfully name newspaper, first of all, clearly formulate its main meaning and idea - without this, the name will exist separately from the main content of the newspaper.

Bring the question about the name of the school newspaper to general meeting members - a decision in this way will not only give optimal results in the choice, but will also make all organizers of the issue feel involved in the life of the newspaper.

Watch for the originality of the name - it should not be “dirty” and should reflect life or. One of the main principles in choosing the name of a school newspaper should be the principle of clarity, since complexly abbreviated words (abbreviations) or vocabulary from youth slang can cause confusion among some readers.

If the name reflects a school theme, then it can be all kinds with the words “”, “”, “recess”, “recess”, “lesson” or other words on a school theme. Combine the meaning of the content of individual newspaper sections in the title, and this will reflect the general idea of the newspaper.

Try to ensure that the title covers not only the set of today's sections (of this issue), but becomes universal for all subsequent ones. Show your imagination in choosing the name of newspaper sections - they should be no less bright and original than the name of the school newspaper itself - and then the success of your publication is guaranteed.

Never imitate adults periodicals- this is a completely different focus and the target audience, so remember above all that the name must be original and unique.

Try to choose the most comprehensive name from the many popular options, such as “School Time”, “Schoolboy and Time”, “Last School”, “Eleven Years”, “Granite of Science” and other acceptable options and adjust it to your requirements.

note

Naming a school newspaper after the director’s patronymic name, say, “Petr Petrovich,” is a wonderful idea. It would be great to reflect the characteristics of your school. The slang name of your area, current or former (if it is euphonious), will also work. Even

Helpful advice

If you decide to create such a newspaper, you need to choose a suitable name for it. What to call a school newspaper is not as difficult a question as it might seem at first glance. Organize a competition among students for best name for the school newspaper. The school people themselves can tell you what to name the school newspaper.

If you intend to publish newspaper with a circulation of up to 1000 copies, then the question immediately moves from the legal plane to the plane of your imagination and taste. Publications with such a circulation, in accordance with the law, do not require state registration, you can call it whatever you want, however, looking back at the same law. This is in terms of pornography, propaganda of violence and the like - even an unregistered publication may have conflicts with the supervisory authority if the name violates the relevant articles of the law.

Instructions

If the circulation of your newspaper exceeds the specified figure, it must be indicated in the application for registration. For this reason, you can refuse registration - if a newspaper with the specified name is already published. To avoid such an unpleasant collision (the entire registration process will have to be done first), you need to search in advance for information about the possible “namesakes” of your newspaper. You can find it on the Internet full list everyone printed publications RF. True, it is very outdated, but it can help you. In many regions of Russia, where there are regional media departments, all newspapers in the region are published on these.

Today write, layout and print the school paper newspaper much easier and less expensive than, for example, 20-30 years ago. Having in your arsenal basic writing skills and a computer with Word installed, you can safely develop the idea of a school “messenger”. Also, when creating a school newspaper, you cannot do without like-minded people and the support of adults.

Instructions

Talk to your class teacher, or better yet, immediately for any support in creating a school newspaper. It is better if you gather an initiative group that will propose numerous ideas and topics for newspaper materials. Project support includes: provision of computers and layout programs, provision of Internet access, assistance to teachers or students in checking texts for spelling and grammatical errors, assistance in developing a promotion and design plan.

If it is impossible to find support from the school, try to get your parents interested. Some of them plan to send theirs to receive higher philological or journalistic education, and this is a good springboard for writers and journalists. If you have good computer skills and are savvy on the Internet, you can also save on newspaper printing costs by publishing your pearls in global network on the school's own website. Involve not only writers and journalists, but also teachers and students.

Brainstorm and come up with a catchy name for your school newspaper. Develop a home page design, publication logo, and headline rating. Come up with headings and topics, style and concept for the entire newspaper. You can publish news and texts related to school life: about Olympiads, about sports, about teachers and the educational process, about summer vacation and school curriculum, puzzles, cartoons, photographs, announcements, horoscopes, comics and much more. This will all be useful for electronic version. Decide whether your newspaper will be weekly or monthly.

Distribute topics to volunteers and announce deadlines for submitting finished materials. Be sure to make a list of requirements: a photograph, handwritten or electronic view articles, volume of text, presence of headings.

Layout materials using the developed home page design and electronic templates. Usually the most important news is printed on home page, analytics and opinions are in the middle of the newspaper, and entertainment sections are on the last pages.

Print out a few copies and give them to editors to proofread. Make changes to the layout as suggested by your editors.

Print the planned number of copies of the newspaper. By the way, it is advisable to indicate the circulation and names of editors on the last page of the publication. Share it in every possible way. If you post newspaper on the Internet, post notices all over about the release of a new issue with a large indication of the site address.

Video on the topic

Helpful advice

The support of the school principal helps increase reader confidence in your newspaper. However, in this case, most likely, the publication will have to be provided to both teachers and the director for proofreading;

Make sure your employees have sufficient word processing skills. They must be able to express their thoughts in writing. And editors must have a good grasp of grammar and spelling;

Sources:

make a school layout

IN Soviet years the names of wall newspapers reflected the mood that reigned in the minds and hearts of people. Wall newspapers were given “telling” names, such as “Combat Leaflet”, “School Truth”, “For Labor”. Now there seems to be no common ideological ground. And the author of the wall newspaper is forced to deeply research himself or future readers in order to choose a good name for the wall newspaper. The name may reflect the mission of the team of authors, coincide with the name of a free domain on the Internet, or may contain other motives.

Choosing the name of the school newspaper. - 44%. - 40%. - 10%. - 6%.

Picture 19 from the presentation “School Newspaper” for pedagogy lessons on the topic “School”

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School

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