Algorithm for drawing up a business plan. How to write a business plan: step-by-step instructions, tips and tricks. How to write a business plan: detailed instructions on how to write yourself

Most likely each of us has come across ideas for the implementation of which there was neither knowledge nor strength. However, to realize any idea and achieve the intended goals helps to clearly build a plan and follow its leadership. To implement a business idea, entrepreneurs have the question of how to create a business plan, which will be discussed in this article, the purpose of which is to help beginners organize their business and calculate all the pros and cons of a new project.

You will learn how to make a business plan that will help you understand your assets and in case of a shortage, you can count on the support of sponsors who want to invest in a worthwhile business.

What is a small business plan, what does it consist of, who develops it?

This business organization tool will help you get a more organized approach to the implementation of your idea and related preparatory work.

Having analyzed the ideas for your business, the question arises, how to draw up a business plan correctly?

How to write a business plan for small business and what is included in its structure:

• Targets and goals;
• Market analysis;
• Product;
• Marketing plan;
• Organizational plan;
• Management personnel;
• Material resources;

Purpose and function

A correctly drawn up business plan reveals the idea itself, its functions, the means necessary for the task at hand, and the final profit. It reflects the current economic and material activities of the enterprise and shows further prospects for its implementation.

With the correct drawing up of a business plan, it is necessary to follow its leadership until external or internal factors exert such pressure on it that it will need to be adjusted.

It should be noted that a business plan is a forward-looking document, which is calculated for 2-3 years of its implementation.

Business plan functions:

1. Calculate the activities required to achieve the goal.
2. Present a project to receive investment.

Composition of the document

The document consists of two conventional parts, a description of the project and a presentation of the strengths of the idea.

• Summarizing the project;
• General provisions;
• Market analysis;
• Marketing and strategic plan;
• Costs;
• Investments.

How to learn how to draw up your own business plan scheme yourself - step by step instructions

How to build a business plan, the face of your future business, because any business at the initial stage of its inception requires clear planning. How to write a business plan, step-by-step instruction presented in this article will help you do this correctly.

Evaluation of the prospects of the promoted product or service

If you focus on the relative market share and the growth rate of sales in the market, then this may not give necessary information, since the market demand is undergoing constant changes. Also, the intensity of competitive growth makes the market unstable and unattractive.

Therefore, it is necessary to assess the prospect of the promoted product as follows

Columns 2-5 are evaluated on a four-point scale: 4 - good, 3 - average, 2 - below average, 1 - bad. The final assessment will show how promising your promoted product is.

Drawing up a cheat sheet for yourself

For visualization the feasibility of your project, it would be good to build a Gantt chart, which will display the dates of the implementation of various stages of promoting the idea.

Based on the analysis of the market and the competitiveness of the product, a strategic and tactical course of action for conquering the market is built.

The pricing policy is based on economic calculations and expected income.

Thus, the Gantt chart helps you achieve three main goals:

• graphically visualize and simplify the perception and assessment of your project;
• helps to realistically assess the sequence and timing of the project;
• makes it possible at any time to analyze the current affairs of the project and the progress of their implementation, which facilitates the process of its management.

Goal setting

Developing a business plan begins with setting goals, for this you need to honestly determine:

• What do I want to achieve?
• What is the benefit to me?
• Why and who needs my project?
• Then formulate the goal of the project.
• As a result, to decide what I am making a business plan for.

Preliminary analysis of the market and competitors

In parallel with writing a business plan or before, a market analysis is carried out, on the assessment of which the success of your project will directly depend. Having focused on a specific niche of the market and target audience, a thorough analysis is carried out to identify the relevance of your idea and its implementation. In the course of the analysis, it is possible that an excess of supply will be revealed, then the idea should be adjusted according to the state of affairs in the market. In case of increased demand, you can safely get down to business. For market analysis, you can use outsourcing, but for the organization own business it would be better to research this issue yourself, this will help to give an objective assessment of your business and determine the strengths and weaknesses your project.

Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of your project

It identifies the most likely problem areas and prospects for business ideas.

Use the SWOT matrix for analysis.

How to competently draw up the structure of a production project for investors yourself - the content of the main sections

The typical structure of a business plan and the content of its main sections for attracting investors consists of several parts:

Summary -summary the project, which is displayed on the title page, plays a leading role in the consideration of the project by the investors.

Business characteristics - detailed information on the business.

Market analysis - a description of the market situation in your case.

Project Description - rationale and description of the idea, especially its commercial side.

How to draw up a business plan yourself to attract investors? This will require a high level of skills and knowledge in their field, as well as experience and time to write the project. However, the implementation of such an idea, perhaps, will be rewarded with financial investments.

Summary

The project summary, although located at the beginning, is drawn up at the very end of writing the plan. Once the document is complete, it will be easier for you to summarize the project itself.

The resume includes several aspects:

• objective of the project;
• financial need;
• competitiveness.

Whether your project will be considered further or not depends on how competently and professionally you approach your resume writing.

Project idea and SWOT analysis

To present a detailed description of your business, it is important to maintain a balance, not to overdo it with details, but at the same time to acquaint with all the information the investor needs on the topic. To do this, you can describe general characteristics enterprises, quantitative composition and professionalism working structure, tell about the main products or services, promising aspects of production and other aspects of the business.

SWOT analysis will help to give a real assessment of your strengths and weaknesses, as well as indicate possible risks or promising sides of the project.

SWOT means:

Strengths- strengths and perspective;

Weaknesse s - weaknesses and weaknesses;

Opportunities- chances, opportunities;

Threats- risks.

This section of the business plan is small in content, but the process of the analysis itself is considered quite complex and takes a lot of time.

• Conduct a market analysis according to your specifics. Marketing Analysis will help to collect complete information on competitors and consumers, and determine your target audience.
• The next step will be to determine the optimal location of the office, the enterprise, which will be convenient for the consumer. To do this, you will need to compare the number of consumers that are needed to pay off the business with the audience that is within the radius of the proposed location.
• If the market is oversaturated with competitors, you will need to think over your strategic move, focusing on the uniqueness of your product or service.
• Define distribution channels.
• Calculate the necessary costs for attracting a consumer.
• Decide on a pricing policy, which tactics will be the most profitable in this case, high cost with little demand or competitive price with a large flow of consumers.
• Service and maintenance are also important to most customers, while they are willing to pay higher for the high quality service they receive.

Production

This section goes into detail about your business: what are you planning to do?

The production plan indicates:

• suppliers of goods and equipment;
• location of the enterprise;
• what is the performance;
• phased production of products;
• the level of qualifications of employees;
• calculation of the required contributions to various funds,
• logistics costs.

Many factors influence how much money will be spent on the implementation of a future business.

When describing the technology of the final result of production, you will discover other sides of your idea that did not come to mind before. There will be questions related to the storage of goods or problems with the delivery of imported raw materials, a lack of qualified specialists in this area.

After all the intricacies, let's move on to the financial part. Subsequently, calculations may have to be made and adjustments to the plan itself, for example, to reduce costs or change the production technology.

This section describes the entire structure of the enterprise and its management. This scheme simplifies the system of distribution of rights and powers of structural units.

Assuming the organization of the entire company, it will be easier to draw up a system of interaction between departments and personnel policy.

The organizational chart allows you to plunge into the depths of production and reveal the truths of who and how will bring the implementation of the project into reality.

Finance

When drawing up a financial plan, it is important to determine how much investment will be required to start, in what time they will pay off, from which the income and expenses of your business will be regulated.

The first thing is to calculate how much money you need to invest in organizing and realizing the stability of your business. After that, the expected profit is calculated, the average number of consumers per month is predicted. This will allow you to calculate the real payback period of the project. This stage will help to determine how many clients should be within a month, and what the amount should be in order to pay off the invested capital in a certain period of time.

The calculation indicators in this section will help you weigh all the pros and cons of this project, and understand whether the game is worth the candle or not. Potential investors also evaluate the project according to the data provided in the "Finance" section.

The financial section directly links all the points of the business plan.

In view of this, if corrections or additions are made to any of the sections, then this will certainly affect financial calculations or vice versa, changes and adjustments in finance will affect other structures.

Risk forecast

Taking financial indicators as a basis, compare the whole essence of the business plan and give an objective assessment of what you see. Is the material presented in an accessible way? What sides does it reveal? If I were an investor, would I invest in it?

If your answers were positive, then you have perfectly completed the first stage of your activity, you can proceed to the next, the implementation of your idea! This outcome paves the way for a successful start to your project.

How to write for a beginner short review(summary) of the project - drawing up rules

The resume is the protagonist of the project, the basis of the business plan, opening the contents of the package on one sheet of paper, often after reading which investors either show an interest in getting to know the project deeper, or leave it without even looking inside. Therefore, in order to present it with dignity and comprehensibility, time is allotted to it last, when the entire document has already been drawn up.

A well-written resume will give the correct impression of its creator, his idea and plans.

Goals and objectives of the company

Briefly describe the essence of the activity, mention at what stage of development your business is.

For example, the goal of the project is to open a clothing store for the whole family "Happy Family".

Or the goal of the project is to open a chain of coffee shops and pastry shops "Bonjour", where the products of the confectionery factory will be sold under the same logo.

The essence of the project and the concept of business

A small description of your entrepreneurial activity, its specifics and stages of development.

Brief analysis

The analysis of the market situation includes a summary of the results of the market research, which includes the marketing area:

1. The total effective demand for the proposed sales product or service.
2. Characteristics of the competitive group.
3. Product competitiveness.
4. To give the resume more weight in the eyes of investors, information sources are indicated that are trustworthy and participate in the market analysis of well-known marketers, this is the basis for the entire marketing move.

What does the organization's marketing look like, how to prepare the main parts?

For the first stage of business development, a marketing plan is important, which includes the target audience, an advertising move that attracts and retains the attention of buyers.

A well-crafted marketing plan will be a guide for you, following which you will not only get the maximum number of loyal customers, but also increase the profit of your organization.

Part I. Summary of current products and / or prerequisites for the creation of new

1. A summary of current products. This will require a thorough analysis of how goals were achieved and marketing plans were decided in the past year, which strategies and tactics were used, which worked and which did not produce results. Highlight key lessons from last year's marketing system, describe the lessons learned from the lessons, and apply them in the new year.
2. Prerequisites for creating a new product. To bring a new product to market, you need to briefly and simply describe the idea for it. The carefully crafted concept of the new product will be outlined in the main body of the plan. It is advisable to cite the source of the idea of ​​a new product that will emphasize the need for it.

Part II. Situational analysis

Situational analysis is the rationale behind your marketing planning, the foundation that will provide a solid foundation for your decisions and the reasons for a particular approach. Assessment of the correspondence of the strategies and tactics of the divisions to the premises of the constructed plan.

Part III. Strategic direction

A brief description of the main direction of the product, target audience, benefits and positioning, performance criteria.

How to make a production plan, what are the correct points?

The development of a business plan for an enterprise includes a production plan, which determines the number of the workforce and the amount of resources required for the production of goods;

The production plan includes:

• manufacturing process;
• the needs of the enterprise for stocks, materials, fixed assets;
• quality control of products and production process;
• major suppliers of various materials;
• production facilities - use, location, advantages, disadvantages, buildings, adjustments;
• personnel - the number of employees of different specifics, their salary, level of training or qualifications.

Important for the production plan is a description of the achievement of quality control, procurement and production costs ensuring Maintenance.

Cost control is carried out on the basis of cost analysis, which determine the compliance of planned and standard volumes. Due to the importance of cost control in each organizational process, the company must know at what stage the product is, demand reporting from the managers competent in this matter.

Procurement control... Helps to control the discipline of supplies, track the quality of raw materials, quantity, characteristics and prices of goods from suppliers.

For simplicity and efficiency of such control, use the following steps:

• collect as much truthful and accurate data as possible about the conditions and dates of deliveries;
• collect data on the quality of supplies, their compliance with production standards;
• get data on the prices of suppliers.

Supplier control... For this, one or two suppliers are selected for long-term cooperation, which ultimately ensures the reliability of supplies and efficiency from cooperation.

Inventory control... For this, a reordering system is used after completing a certain level. Reordering is used to minimize recurring inventory costs, and to provide an appropriate level of customer service.

Maintenance control... This need should be taken into account at the initial stages of equipment design in the production plan.

Quality control... A comprehensive customer-focused program improves quality production processes and manufactured products.

This activity carries out constant control of the quality of products in order to comply with the established GOSTs and standards.

How to design and build an organizational chart?

To build the main work schedule, you need overall plan production. The main organizational system clearly records the type and quantity of each individual manufactured product, and gives detailed information on how, where and when it will be produced tomorrow, in a week, in a month. The data also includes the number of the working class, the needs of production. The organizational chart, first of all, divides the general plan into separate detailed operational sub-plans for each product, later they are combined into the general production plan, which was discussed above.

How to calculate a financial plan - calculation step by step

Due to the insufficiently stable market situation, when conducting business analysis, experts have to pay attention not only to mathematical calculations potential income organizations. It is also very important to take into account the level of demand for the product / service being produced, as well as the social component of the field of activity where the organization is developing.

Since the economic component in business development is influenced by many factors, it is not always possible to bring the company to the desired level of profitability. Therefore, the financial plan is designed to control the profits and expenses of the company, which allows the owner of the organization not to incur losses.

When calculating a financial plan, you should pay attention to 3 important criteria:

• the effectiveness of the financial plan;
• possible risks;
• final analysis of the financial plan.

Determining the effectiveness of the financial plan is an important point at the planning stage. This is what makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of a company in the market in a competitive environment.

When calculating a financial plan, such indicators are the most significant.

This is the size of the expected profit based on the cost of the product / service at the moment.

The reasons for the change in the indicator can be:

• inflation;
• the risk of losing investments;
• investments bring predicted income.

If in the course of calculations this indicator has a value of 0, this indicates that there is no loss.

Profitability

Profitability is a comprehensive indicator of the financial performance of a company. With the help of this indicator, the owner has the opportunity to understand how successful his project is, and also to figure out whether the income received is stable.

If the profitability indicator is negative, then the company does not generate income, but only losses are present.

The profitability indicator is classified into 2 groups:

• sales ratio - the percentage of income from each unit of currency (allows you to understand the effectiveness of pricing policy, as well as regulate costs);
• return on assets - relative rate performance (allows you to see the possibility of making a profit from the company's activities).

Payback period

This is a time indicator that reflects the period over which the full payback of the business occurs.

The payback indicator is divided into the following subgroups:

• a simple indicator (it is the time period after which the investor will be able to return the invested funds);
• dynamic metric (value data is used to calculate the metric Money, which depend on the inflation threshold throughout the entire time).

As a rule, it is the dynamic indicator that always prevails over the simple one.

To calculate the financial plan, you need to use the following formulas.

Net discount income is calculated as follows

NPV = NK + (D1-R1) / (1 + SD1) + (D2-P2) / (1 + SD2) + (D3-R3) / (1 + SD3), where

• NC - initial capital of costs and investments;
• D1-D3 - income by years, depending on the number next to it;
• Р1-Р3 - expenses by years, depending on the number next to it;
• SD - discount rate.

To calculate profitability, you need

ROD = POR / PZ, where

• ROOD - profitability from the main activity;
• POR - profit from sales;
• PP - costs incurred.

СО = НК / НДД, where

• CO - payback period;
• NC - initial capital (if necessary, add additional investments to this figure;
• NPV is the company's net discount income.

Despite the simplicity of the formulas, today it is more convenient to carry out calculations using specialized programs. If you are new to business, it is easier to purchase demo versions of such programs, their cost is several times less, and the functionality is the same.

How to correctly calculate the risk forecast - a detailed procedure

Since creating a financial plan from scratch takes a lot of time, it is sometimes easier to analyze an existing one and correct it. weak spots... This will speed up the process of making a profit from the activities of the organization.

As the saying goes, risk is a noble cause, but this expression should not be applied in business. It is the financial plan that serves to ensure that the company can prevent unpleasant situations in order to avoid losses. It is very important to consider all possible situations and choose the safest solution.

According to the sphere of influence, risks are classified into 3 groups.

Commercial

External factors of commercial risks are:

• decline in demand for manufactured products / services;
• unforeseen appearance of a competitor on the market;
• deception on the part of business partners (supply of low-quality raw materials, delays in the supply of goods, etc.);
• volatility of prices for technical support and services.

These are just the most common external reasons that can negatively affect your financial plan. It is very important to consider the scope of the company and take into account the impact of each specific contingency in a timely manner.

Financial

Financial risks are unforeseen items of expenditure, as well as the receipt of unexpected profits.

The reasons for financial risks may lie in the following:

• in late payments for goods / services by buyers;
• accounts receivable;
• higher rates on the part of creditors;
• changes in legislation that entail an increase in prices for doing business;
• unstable situation with the currency in world markets.

Controlling the above risks allows you to avoid possible losses and bankruptcy.

Production

Such risks are associated with changes in the company's working regime due to unforeseen circumstances.

Occupational risk can be caused by:

• insufficient level of qualifications of employees;
• protests and strikes that entail interruptions to the organization's work schedule;
• manufacturing of low-quality products, which entails a decrease in demand for the product and a decrease in sales;
• there is no quality control of the manufactured goods.

If such risks are not timely controlled when drawing up a financial plan, investments in the business will be unjustified (there are no incomes, losses are growing).

In order to avoid all kinds of risks, it is worth using risk management techniques. To do this, they can use the means to resolve the risk, as well as techniques to reduce the degree of risk.

Risk management tools can be:

• avoidance of risk (avoiding a situation that may entail risk, often means that the investor refuses to make a profit);
• retention of risk (responsibility for possible Negative consequences assigned to the investor making the decision);
• transfer of risk (the investor transfers responsibility for the risk, for example, to an insurance company).

Reduced risk

This is a reduction in the volume of losses and a decrease in the likelihood of a risky situation. Various techniques and means can be used to reduce the likelihood.

Diversification

The essence of diversification lies in the division of capital between different investors, which are related to each other, as well as different forms of activity of the organization itself, the goods / services provided. Diversification is the most reasonable and less expensive way to reduce financial risks. But, the risk of investments can be dissipated through diversification, but it is still impossible to reduce the probability to zero. This is due to the fact that there is external factors(unrelated to the choice of objects for investment) which cannot be influenced downward.

Obtaining additional data and information

Maximizing knowledge of information allows for the most accurate forecasting and reduces the likelihood of risks for decision-making - this makes data and information as valuable as possible.

Limiting

The essence of limiting is setting a limit - the maximum allowable amount of expenses, sales, loans, etc.

Self insurance

This procedure means that the entrepreneur decides to insure himself, and not purchase insurance from insurance companies. This helps to reduce the cost of capital for insurance. The essence of self-insurance is the creation of reserve funds, the task of the procedure is to overcome temporary financial difficulties as quickly as possible.

Insurance

This is the most demanded and important technique for reducing the degree of risk. The essence of insurance is that an organization is willing to give up some of its income in order to avoid risk. Speaking in simple words, the company is willing to pay to reduce the likelihood of risk and financial loss to zero.

To avoid the most unpleasant consequences, the owner of the company must regularly resort to preventive measures, for example, to analyze the activity of competitors in the market.

In conclusion, I would like to note that the financial plan can be considered successful in such a situation:

• if you see high incomes, and financial costs are minimal;
• when predicted risks are eliminated at the initial stage;
• when the activity of the enterprise is worthy of competition with similar companies;
• when the company has a material and technical base and funds are invested in it;
• in the presence of documentary evidence of the profitability of the company.

The financial plan has many subtleties. Thanks to the correct analysis of the data obtained, it is possible to eliminate shortcomings and avoid unprofitableness.

After getting acquainted with general requirements by writing a business plan, we can conclude that before embarking on the realization of your dream, it is still important to set out a detailed plan for achieving it on paper, calculate all the pros and cons, and eventually begin to act according to your planning.

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The modern world requires a clear structure for every business. Only in this case will he receive the right to development. But in order to do this, it is necessary to draw up a business plan that will outline in stages all the activities of the company. Almost anyone can write it, referring to special sources, as well as spying on the idea from competitors. But how to make sure that its implementation is as successful as possible, and that investors give money for development? Today we will cover this issue in more detail.

Why do you need a business plan?

A business plan is a well-developed concept of a future company written on a sheet. At its core, it is a tool that allows you to analyze in detail own idea for success. Having developed the entire path of interaction within the future organization step by step, you can understand whether it will be able to compete with similar companies.

For investors, this is an opportunity for deep analytics, as well as a means of calculating subsequent profits. When an entrepreneur understands the mechanisms of work of his "brainchild", then investors will be ready to give their money, because the project is called from the very beginning to become successful.

Most businessmen with no experience do not understand the need for a business plan, believing that only one idea will be enough to start. In fact, this is far from the case. If at the very beginning you are not ready to work out the idea, then there is a high probability that it will not work out. This is especially true for such business options as:

• Coffee shops;
• Beauty Salons;
• Confectionery;
• Cleaning companies;
• Online stores;
• Production.

All these business options require careful study, otherwise they simply will not survive among competitors, and even among those who are not doing very well. It is rather difficult to calculate the risks, if the structure is correctly drawn up, it will allow you to see all possible development options, and therefore calculate all the negative aspects.

How to draw up a business plan correctly - step-by-step instructions with an example

Drawing up a business plan is a laborious process that requires a detailed study of the issue. Here it is necessary to take into account all the nuances of your business so that investors have no doubts about the reliability of investments.

The whole process can be done independently, or you can contact a special organization that provides such services. It is better to make a plan for yourself - this way you will get the highest quality result, which will take into account all the nuances of entrepreneurial activity in a specific area.

For each specific solution, it is necessary to think over an individual structure. There is no single scheme of what should to consist a business plan, but you can borrow the structure from organizations that have already received an investment using their calculation.

Where to start and what's relevant?

The first thing to do is to decide on the choice of a niche. Try to choose a direction that will be relevant for at least several years. This way, you are guaranteed to receive money from investors and be able to compete in a narrowly targeted niche.

Today, the following options are especially popular:

• Coffee shops. The demand for them is growing rapidly every year, therefore, having chosen this niche, you can be sure of the success of the opening;
• Confectionery. Sweet products have been popular for many years, and every year they only scale;
• Industrial enterprises. Of course, this will take a tremendous amount of time, but the profit will be ten times higher. The relevance of the factories is high, especially in the field of processing.

There are a large number of niches where it is enough to simply compete with other market participants, therefore, having chosen your direction, it will not be difficult to start working. The main thing is to work out the idea to the smallest detail so that after the presentation the investors will not have any questions.

Types of business plans

There are different types of business plans designed for specific types of activities. The key ones are:

• Internal plan-plan of the company... Such a decision is necessary for the restructuring of the company, as well as the development of new interaction mechanisms;
• Business plan for obtaining a loan... The essence of such a plan is solely for a financial institution to give a loan. What is used in fraudulent schemes, which causes more and more mistrust;
• Investment the format is necessary in order to invest in promising areas. It is worth considering all the nuances of such an activity, since the idea investment project must fully convince investors of its veracity and prospects;
• Financial recovery plan of the company... This suggests that it will be necessary to create such conditions for small business (most likely large companies), under which it will begin to fully function again. This option is unlikely to be suitable for an individual entrepreneur, unless the entrepreneur's activities number in the hundreds.

Let's analyze each type in the most detail.

It's important to know! You should decide in advance with whom you are going to provide the business plan. It is worth relying on this decision, since the appointment of the final investor is crucial.

Internal business plan of the company

Such a plan, first of all, is necessary not for the investor, but for the founder of the company. It can form all aspects of activities within the organization. This also includes confidential data, which is financial statistics and a further development plan.

The need to develop such documentation is obvious - the owner sees the full picture of what is happening, on the basis of which he is able to make an informed decision related to the future fate of the company.

In short, an internal plan is a regulatory document that reflects current situation in a certain company, thanks to which you can conduct in-depth analytics and identify unwanted actions that lead to losses.

Business plan for obtaining a loan

Most entrepreneurs need a loan, and this option is most favorable for them. Compared to the conventional plan, there are a number of significant differences that reduce the number of borrowers. The main nuances include:

• You will have to convince the bank that you are taking money specifically for your business. This is not easy to do, since irrefutable evidence will be required;
• You need to explain to the bank why you need financing right now. The need for money must be really acute, otherwise you can as soon as possible get refused;
• Among other things, the document must convince the bank of the entrepreneur's solvency. It is necessary to provide financial statements, according to which the bank will be able to ascertain the reliability of the future partner.

For beginners, this process is extremely difficult and incomprehensible, so some of them turn to professional companies that solve this issue as soon as possible. The cost of work depends on the complexity of the project, but on average is 5-15% of the loan amount.

Investment business plan

The name itself suggests that everything is made up for investment in a certain type of activity. For example, buying a digital software may well be part of such an idea if later it is adapted to Russian realities.

According to this principle, you can purchase not only software, but also various foreign ideas for entrepreneurial activity. The main thing is to be able to adapt them to our legislation, then the project in any case will interest the investors.

When working out such an option, you should calculate the break-even point, as well as the time for the project. It is necessary to indicate such a period for which you can really achieve results, and not the one that investors want to see. It is important to understand this in advance, otherwise there may be big problems during the implementation phase.

Financial recovery plan of the company

Placing such a plan is necessary in order for the company to be able to emerge from the debt hole and start fully functioning again. It is extremely difficult to convince investors that the company can get out of a difficult situation, but there are some tricks here. In fact, there are only two ways out of difficulties:

• Restructure a company... Most often, problems arise due to wasteful spending associated with a large number of employees performing the same function. Restructuring allows you to optimize processes so that with a reduced staff, the business can perform tasks in the same volume. Saving the budget directly affects the number and quality of employees, so you will have to leave only those who are really valuable to the company;
• Transition to another activity... The company can change its direction of work, or start producing the most liquid products. In this case, you will have to conduct analytics for the relevance of certain products, depending on the direction of the company.

Both of these options imply an improvement in the situation of the company, through a competent allocation of funds, as well as optimization of the internal component. It is important to understand that downsizing must be objective, otherwise you can lose key employees who bring high income to the entire organization.

The structure and content of the business plan

A business plan is a document in which the work process is detailed to the smallest detail, which allows you to assess the likelihood of your own business on the market. In order to compose a structured material, certain knowledge in this area is required. We have selected an approximate structure that can change depending on your needs and goals.

Section 1. "Opportunities of the company (summary)"

This section is the basis of the entire document, therefore, its formation should be approached most carefully. In order for this item to be as effective as possible, it must answer two key questions - what is the investor's benefit and what are the risks of loss?

If the answer is worked out briefly and clearly, then the chances of getting the coveted funds increase significantly. Some companies claim that there is a specific resume writing technology that includes all the required investor requirements. In fact, there is none of this. Write as you see fit. Stick business style- this will help emphasize your focus on the idea.

The information must be specific and accurate. For example, if you are producing a certain product, then highlight its cost, as well as the interest of customers, based on the analysis of the market in the selected category. So you can get data close to real, and contributors statistics, which are used to calculate risks and income.

It is also necessary to indicate information about the industry affiliation of the company. Showing your primary strategy is critical in determining if you should be giving money.

The strategy should be structured as follows:

• How will the entry into the Russian market take place;
• What methods will be used to attract sales;
• How production will develop (stages, interaction with external companies).

All these factors are extremely important in order to have an initial opinion about the idea being presented. If investors are interested in the proposal, then all that remains is to explain the essence, and the further part of the plans may not be read at all. But, if in doubt, then be prepared for a thorough analysis of each item.

Section 2. "General description of the company"

Once the legal plan is fully developed, an organizational plan should be created that includes:

• Information about the CEO, director and key management positions;
• Is there any work experience in this direction, as well as work experience, if any;
• If support from reputable sources, which, in the event of force majeure circumstances, will help to resolve the issue as soon as possible with minimal cost.

At the start almost always general manager takes matters into his own hands and gradually delegates tasks as needed. Such a decision is the most correct, since at first all mechanisms are calculated independently, and after the delegation of cases, control over implementation is established in the form of KPIs or other key indicators.

The support of reputable sources includes financial institutions, Insurance companies and other firms, in the list of which you are a potential client. This issue is resolved by calling these firms and preliminary consultation on all issues with the exchange of data.

Section 9. "Risk and Insurance Assessment"

This paragraph is intended to explain to investors that investment risks are minimal. The entrepreneur must work out the structure so that investors have an understanding of reliability, otherwise all the previous points will be meaningless.

Here you need to provide information about:

• Potential risks and taking measures to eliminate them;
• High probable and low probable risks present in such segment;
• Identification of the source of risk, as well as methods of its elimination in the early stages;
• Minimizing costs in the event of risks;
• Budgeting insurance policies, as well as full business insurance, in case of increased risk.

All of these factors play a key role in starting a business. In any area, there are a large number of problems that need to be solved at the stage of formation, otherwise, in the future, they can accumulate in a large lump and interfere with development.

Important! Call insurance companies for possible interactions. It may turn out that when starting a business, insurance agents simply will not insure you due to the extremely high risks associated with an unfavorable start in the market. Consider this moment and clarify all the nuances in advance.

Section 10. "Financial plan"

Forecast financial results- this is the part of the business plan that I look forward to the most. This is where you write down the possible profit of the company, as well as the share income. Do not write exorbitant amounts, proceed from the previous data.

The financial planning period is from 3 to 5 years, depending on the direction of the company.

The costs of labor remuneration are being worked out, as well as for new production, thanks to which the range of goods will significantly increase, and then the coverage of the target audience.

Everything is taken into account here: sales proceeds, shares, dividend payments, possible non-liquidity of products.

The more accurately the financial plan is drawn up, the less risks are left without money. If planned large enterprise, then the calculations are recommended to be made together with an experienced accountant who can suggest the input data for the greatest efficiency.

The purpose of this paragraph is to completely determine the flow of funds, and, if possible, make this process automated in order to reduce the cost of employees.

Section 11. "Funding Strategy"

The purpose of this section is for the investor to understand where the income will come from and how the entrepreneur will deal with the loss. The key figures at this point can be:

• Credit organizations that issue short-term and long-term loans;
• Clients purchasing company shares;
• Working capital, the gross margin from which goes to the development of the company and to increase sales.

The assets of the company create an inflow of funds, and the liabilities create a loss. Reading profit is calculated as the difference between these two concepts, which is available even to a student.

Based on this, it is necessary to operate with all the data specified at the stage of building a business plan in order to form a clear and concise report on possible profit and cash flow.

How to prepare a business plan?

On Facebook and Instagram there is a huge amount of materials on this subject, where examples of hundreds of successful cases are analyzed. You can glean a lot of information from social networks.

First you need to issue title page who is the face of the whole project. It is recommended to draw up it in accordance with GOST so that the document is completely similar to the rest of the regulatory legal papers.

The most comfortable size of the plan is 30 A4 sheets. It is in this volume that all the necessary information should be packed. There is no need to paint everything in the form of a diploma, it is enough to submit information in a structured and clear manner.

Divide all information into sections and subclauses, and prepare brief description sections. For some investors, the initial information is enough to make a decision.

The key attention should be paid to the competitiveness of your business. If the products are truly unique in their segment, then the likelihood of success is extremely high. The rest depends on sound operating activities and financial plans.

Determine the order of actions to achieve the result. This will be the starting point, following which success will not be long in coming.

Drawing up a business plan requires deep analytics and time consuming. You should think over everything to the smallest detail if you plan to get large investments in your business. Present information in a structured and understandable way so that there is no additional questions in the process of acquaintance. Minimize risks and provide a development strategy that will be the most successful among competitors. Such a solution will help create a truly high-quality company with unique products that can keep afloat for a long time without problems in the Russian and international markets.

Many business ideas come to mind - the question is, what are these ideas worth. That is why, if you are going to translate an idea into business, it is worth creating a business plan in which you can detail your concept and prove its effectiveness, both organizationally and financially.

A business plan is a document that outlines your business. In it you talk about what exactly you will be doing, about the structure of the business, the state of the market, how you plan to sell your product or service, what resources you need, what is your financial forecast, and also give permits, leases and any other you need. documentation.

In fact, a business plan helps you prove to yourself and others whether it is worth developing your business idea... This The best way take a step back, consider the idea from all sides and protect yourself from possible problems for years to come.

In this article, we share tips for writing a successful business plan, describe the points to include in the plan, and provide examples.

The translation of the article was prepared with the support of the online school in English. Before diving into the details, let's start with some basic, general tips.

Focus on your specifics

Before you go headlong into drawing up a business plan, you should carefully consider what makes your business unique. For example, if you're looking to start a sportswear brand, you need a way to stand out from the many other sports brands already on the market.

What makes your brand stand out from others? Are you planning to design clothing for a specific workout or activity like yoga, tennis or hiking? Do you use environmentally safe materials? Do you donate part of your proceeds to charity? Does the brand promote a positive perception of its own body?

Remember: you are selling more than just a product or service - you are selling a product, value and brand experience... Consider these important questions and answer them before delving into the research details for your business plan.

Be short

A modern business plan is required to be shorter and more concise than ever before. Resist the temptation to include all of your results. marketing research, go into detail about each product you plan to sell, and describe in detail what your site will look like. In the format of a business plan, this information will not give much benefit, rather the opposite.

All of the above details are important to collect and keep in mind, but only the most important should be included in the business plan itself... Otherwise, readers may lose interest in you.

Make a good decoration

Your business plan should not only be easy to read - it is important that the reader can understand the essence without going into details... Formatting plays a big role here. Use headings and bulleted lists, and highlight in bold or color those key points and metrics that you want to draw your readers' attention to. You can even use labels and bookmarks in your document (both digital and print) for easy reference.

Edit as you compose

Remember that your plan is a living, breathing document, which means you can edit it as you work. For example, update the plan a year or two after starting the business, before submitting a new funding request.

Here are the key elements in a business plan template:

1. Marketing and sales plan
2. Appendix

Let's take a closer look at what is included in each of the elements of the business plan:

The purpose of this section is to give readers a clear understanding of the company and the market before you dive into the details. Tip: Sometimes it's worth writing the outline after you've written the rest of the business plan so you can easily isolate the key points.

Fundamentals should be about a page. Please spare 1-2 paragraphs for each of the following points:

• Overview: Tell us briefly what your company is, where it will be located, what exactly and to whom you are going to sell.
• About the company: Describe the structure of your business, tell us about the owner, what experience and skills you already have, and who are you going to hire first.
• Products and / or Services: Briefly describe what you will sell.
• Market: Summarize the key findings of the market research.
• Financial forecast: Tell us how you plan to receive funding and what are your financial expectations.

Example of a Fundamentals Section

Jolly's Java and Bakery (JJB) startup is a coffee and baked goods store located in southwest Washington. JJB plans to gain audience regular customers offering them a rich selection of coffee and confectionery... The company plans to take a strong market position in the city thanks to the professional experience of partners and the mild competitive climate in the area.

JJB is committed to offering products at competitive prices in order to meet the market demand of the area's residents and tourists with middle and upper middle incomes.

The next item in the plan is a description of the company. Here you can describe what your company is doing, articulate a mission, talk about the structure of the company and its owners, location, as well as the market needs that your company is trying to meet and how you are going to do it.

Example of a "Company Description" section

NALB Creative Center is a startup that enters the market this summer. We will offer our customers a wide range of goods for creativity and handicrafts, primarily goods that are currently not available on the island of Hawaii. Our competitor remains the Internet, as artists tend to buy familiar products online. We will supply items that are not necessarily well known to local artists. We will also continue to monitor prices and include products available online in price comparisons.

We will conduct master classes on working with new materials and techniques.

We also organize a tourist program "Artist's Oasis". We will provide local bed and breakfast reservations, plein air maps and itineraries, easel and material rentals, paint and other supplies, and delivery finished works clients after the canvases have dried.

In the future, the store will turn into an art center that will combine: an art gallery, where original works of art can be purchased at wholesale prices; studio space with musical instruments; classrooms for music and art lessons; literature on music and art; coffee bar with live music; handicraft items such as branded T-shirts, badges, postcards, ceramics for tourist trade.

One of the first questions to ask yourself when testing a business idea is whether there is a place for it in the market. It is the market that will dictate how successful your business is. Decide what audience you are targeting and why customers will want to buy from you.

Add specifics. Let's say you are trading bedding... Don't include everyone who sleeps in bed in your target audience. First, define a small target customer group for yourself. This could be, for example, adolescents from middle-income families. Having decided on the target audience, try to answer the following questions:

• How many middle-income teenagers live in your country?
• What kind of accessories do they need?
• Is the market growing or remains the same?

When analyzing the market, take into account both the already available research conducted by others, and the primary data that you have collected yourself, through surveys, interviews or in any other way.

This should also include competitor analysis. In our example, one might ask such questions: how many other bedding companies already have a market share, and who are these companies? Describe the strengths and weaknesses of your potential competitors, and the strategies that will give you a competitive advantage.

An example of a consolidated section "Market Analysis"

Green Investments has identified two distinct target customer groups that differ in terms of family wealth. One group included clients with a household income of less than a million dollars, the other - with an income of more than a million. The main thing that characterizes both of these groups and makes them attractive to us as a company is their desire to change the world for the better by making financial investments taking into account environmental factors.

In the industry financial services there are many different niches. Some consultants provide general services on investment. Others offer one type of investment, such as mutual funds or bonds. Some service providers focus on a specific niche like technology or socially responsible business.

Market segmentation

Green Investments segmented their target audience into two separate categories based on family wealth: over and under $ 1 million.

• <1 миллиона долларов (семейный бюджет): представители среднего класса, которых волнуют проблемы окружающей среды и которые вносят личный вклад в ее защиту, приобретая акции компаний, которые демонстрируют высокие экономические и экологические показатели. Так как свободных денег у таких людей немного, они предпочитают инвестировать в акции без особого риска. В целом акции составляют 35%-45% от общего портфеля.
• $ 1 million (family budget): These clients have average or above average income. They have accumulated over a million dollars and are investing quite carefully (either themselves or the people they hired). These people are usually concerned about the return on investment, but they are also concerned about the environment.

This is where you can go deeper into the details of what exactly you are selling and what your customer benefit is. If you can't articulate exactly how you can be of service to your customers, your business idea may not be all that great.

Start by describing the problem your business is solving. Then take a look at how you plan to tackle the problem and how well your product or service fits into the big picture. Finally, think about the competitive landscape: what other companies provide solutions to this particular problem, and how is your solution different?

Example of the section "Products and services"

AMT provides computer products and services to help small businesses. We mainly provide networking equipment and network maintenance for small and medium businesses. These are both LAN-based computer systems and server-controlled minicomputer-based systems. Our services include the design and installation of network systems, training and support.

Description of goods and services

In the field of personal computers, we support three main areas:

1. Super Home is our smallest and least expensive line of computers that are initially marketed as home computers by the manufacturer. We mainly use them as low cost workstations for small businesses. Specifications include ... [additional details omitted]
2. Power User is our main premium line. It is our main system for organizing high-performance home stations and basic workstations for small businesses, thanks to ... The main advantages of the system ... Specifications include ... [additional details omitted]
3. Business Special is a mid-level system, intermediate in positioning. Its specifications include ... [additional details omitted]

When it comes to peripheral, auxiliary and other hardware, here we provide a complete set of necessary equipment, from cables to molds and mouse pads. … [Additional details omitted]

We offer a wide range of service and support services in our office and onsite, as well as service and warranty contracts. So far, we have not been successful in securing support contracts. Our networking opportunities ... [more details omitted]

Competitive analysis

The only way to gain an advantage and stand out from the competition is by offering our clients an IT partnership. We will in no way be able to effectively compete with network providers that offer out-of-the-box or hardware / software solutions. We must offer our clients a true partnership.

The advantages of this approach include many intangible assets: reliability and confidence that the client will always receive help and answers to his questions at the right time.

The products we supply and work with require serious knowledge and experience, while our competitors only sell the product itself.

Unfortunately, we cannot sell products at a higher price just because we provide a service - market conditions demonstrate that this approach will not be effective. Therefore, we will provide service for a fee.

In this section, you can briefly describe the features of the organizational and management structure of the business (taking into account the fact that it may change). Who will be responsible for what? How will tasks and responsibilities be assigned to each person or team?

Include a curriculum vitae of each member of your team here. Explain why these people are the right people for the job - talk about their experiences and backgrounds that are relevant to your business. If you haven't already hired performers for the planned roles, that's okay - but make sure to be clear about those gaps and explain what the people in those roles will be responsible for.

An example of a personnel plan in the section "Operational management"

DIY Wash N 'Fix doesn't require a lot of manpower. The company will hire a general manager who will work part-time to handle corporate responsibilities and inter-organizational issues. DIY Wash N 'Fix will also hire three certified mechanics / managers to handle the day to day tasks at the firm. These responsibilities fall into two categories: managerial and operational. Management tasks include planning, inventory and general accounting. Employees are also responsible for operational tasks: security, regulatory matters, customer service, and repair advice.

In addition, service staff will be hired to carry out the most basic tasks. Their functions will include customer service and content and storage control. DIY Wash N'Fix will hire one general manager to coordinate all external business operations and partnerships. Business relationships include accounting services, legal advice, communication with manufacturers and suppliers, as well as service providers, advertising and marketing, and investment services. This managerial position will be taken by Laurie Snyder. She will receive an MBA from the University of Notre Dame in May 2001.

The day-to-day business management tasks will be handled by a lead mechanic. While DIY Wash N 'Fix does not provide a full range of repair services, it can be expected that some customers will try to do repairs that they have never done before, which means they will need advice. Therefore, we intend to hire three fully certified mechanics. These mechanics will be prohibited from performing any work on the customer's car, but they will be able to inspect the car and assess the breakdown. We believe that only professional mechanics should advise clients - this will reduce our liability for incorrectly performed repairs. The main task of the mechanics will be customer service and management functions.

6) Marketing and sales plan

Here you can describe your marketing and sales strategies and how you are going to sell your product. Before you start developing your marketing and sales plan, do a complete market analysis and target your ideal customers.

From a marketing perspective, you may need to answer questions like: How are you going to enter the market? How will you develop your business? What distribution channels will you focus on? How will communication with clients be organized?

When it comes to sales, try answering questions like: What is your sales strategy? How will the sales department work and how will you develop it in the future? How many sales calls does it take to close a deal? What is the average selling price? Talking about the average cost of sale, you can go into the details of your pricing strategy.

Example of a "Marketing Plan" section

Skate Zone will be the first inline hockey playground in Miami, Florida. Due to the extraordinary growth in popularity of inline hockey in the United States, the company has the opportunity to advertise in various media and advertising platforms. Below is a list of channels currently available.

Public relations. Press releases will be sent to trade magazines and leading business publications such as USAHockey Inline, roller sports magazine INLINE, PowerPlay and others.

Tournaments. Skate Zone will be presenting its services at annual championships throughout the United States.

Print ads and articles. Our advertising campaign includes advertising in publications such as The Yellow Pages, Miami Express News, The Skate Zone Mailing, as well as printing school flyers and publications in specialized inline hockey magazines.

Internet... Skate Zone already has its own website on which we have already received several applications. At the moment, work is planned to optimize the site. We expect the site to become one of the main marketing platforms for the company in the future.

Finally, detail your financial model, including start-up costs, financial plans, and required investments if reaching out to investors.

The initial cost of your business includes all the resources needed to get started, as well as an estimate of how much each of those resources will cost. Do you rent an office space? Do you need a computer? Telephone? Make a list of your needs and expenses, try to be objective and frugal. The last thing you need to do is run out of budget.

Once you have decided on the costs, justify them. To do this, write down your financial forecast in detail. This is especially important if you are looking for outside funding for your business. Make sure your financial model is 100% accurate to convince investors and lenders to support your business for sure.

An example of a financial plan for an online store

Appendix

You can add an attachment at the end of the plan if you want. There is room here for your resume and resume of co-owners, as well as legal documents, including permits and leases.

That's all. We hope this article helped you better understand what your business plan should look like. There is little left to do - to translate the idea into reality. Good luck!

Greetings to readers of the “site”! Today we will talk in detail about what is a business plan and what is it for how to draw up a business plan as clearly, competently and succinctly as possible (we will give a sample with calculations), as well as provide links so that you can download ready-made examples is free .

This material will be useful to all novice entrepreneurs and businessmen who plan to attract money from banks (investors).

How to draw up a business plan for a small business yourself, what rules and procedure for drawing up exist, as well as where to download a ready-made business plan - read further in the issue

Sooner or later, every entrepreneur comes across the concept of a business plan.

Business plan(from the English. business plan) is a project of your business, in which the goals and objectives of its creation are clearly defined. In it, the entrepreneur must describe his actions over a specific period of time to make a profit.

Business plan structure, objectives and strategy

2. Rules for drawing up (writing) a business plan 📝

Rule 1. Study the market situation in advance

Before starting to draw up a business plan, it is necessary to analyze the situation on the market as a whole. Collect as much information as possible about the upcoming venture or successful implementation.

Rule 2. Create and follow a clear business strategy

The business plan must necessarily contain concrete actions during a certain period of time.

You must schedule your actions for month, 3 months, 6 months, year and 3 of the year.

Rule 3. Consider both the pros and cons of the chosen business

In a business plan, you need to describe not only your strengths, but also possible losses, so to speak, weaknesses.

For instance , strengths include highly qualified specialists, market recognition, bright brand etc. Possible losses or threats include: great competition, high cost of goods or services.

3. How to draw up a business plan yourself - the order of writing and the structure of a business plan 📑

Regardless of your type of activity, the basic components of a business plan will be the same.

How to write a business plan - step by step instructions with an example

1. Introduction

The introductory part should not be too voluminous, but the most important thing should be described in it:

• direction of the enterprise;
• payback period of the project;
• specific indicators.

Your potential investor should know the terms of return of his investments and possible losses.

2) Description of services

In this section, describe in detail the direction of your activity. Decide for yourself which market segment you will work with.

Important! Assess your competitors and your advantages over them.

Decide on what you plan to focus your activities on: low cost with high sales volumes, high service, or maybe something else.

To completeof thissection, you need to do the following work:

• Give a description and characteristics of the main and secondary products of the company;
• Take photos of goods and services;
• Form a portrait of your prospective consumer;
• Research and check your target market for similar products or services;
• Organize a service;
• Provide a pricing model. Assess the competitiveness of your project in the market.

After conducting such an analysis, you will definitely understand and be able to highlight the differences between your products in the sales market. And also clearly state what you produce and who needs it.

3) Marketing plan

Marketing plan Is perhaps the most important stage in the development of your business. A lot will depend on well-designed marketing. You need to highlight the main competitors for yourself, understand how they are promoting their project, and do better.

Business promotion methods can be different:

• Advertise on radio, magazines, websites. It is only important to determine which format of the advertising project is right for you;
• Be sure to work out direct sales. Starting with "cold calls" to your potential buyers, ending with the sale of goods and services with the help of representatives;
• Encourage staff to excel. Come up with promotions, bonuses for employees;
• Find out a more favorable season for your business;

The main thing, realistically assess the situation, do not exaggerate your capabilities... Brainstorm regularly, come up with new routes. Read more about that here.

4) Organizational plan

Specifically write down all the steps of the activity, appoint persons responsible for the implementation of certain actions. Limit the time frame for completing the assignment.

5) Financial plan

When drawing up a financial plan, it is necessary to take into account all the little things, divide the costs into permanent and one-time.

• Fixed costs - this is a monthly office, rent, utilities, internet, telephone, etc.
• One-time costs Is the purchase of equipment for work, For example, computers, scanners, telephones, etc.

After calculating the costs, determine for yourself the minimum sales volume that will cover your operating costs. Anything sold from above will be yours profit .

Having calculated this, you will determine for yourself breakeven point... We can say that this is the purpose of the business plan.

6) Conclusion

The conclusion is intended to attract investors. The optimal volume of a partition is from 2 before 4 pages, which must be indicated:

• The main vector of your company's activity;
• Project profitability;
• Analysis of the company's place in the sales market;
• Company personnel, responsible persons;
• Expected qualitative and quantitative indicators for each period.

The "Summary" section should provide answers to 2 main questions:

1. What result can investors expect from favorable business development?
2. What should investors expect in the worst case scenario?

Of course, it is better to write a conclusion when the business plan is already practically drawn up.

4. A sample business plan with calculations for the example of anti-cafe

Consider in detail a ready-made sample business plan on the example of anti-cafe .

Business plan structure - an example of "Antikafe"

1) Overview section

In the table we will see all the general information about the project:

№	Names	Descriptions
1.	Name	"Gloss"
2.	Organizational form	Individual entrepreneur
3.	Services available	Various programs; Events (trainings, seminars); Birthdays;
4.	Organization location and sales market	Stavropol
5.	Working hours	From 11.00 until the last client.
6.	Facility staff	Supervisor - 1 people Administrator - 1 people Service staff - 3 people Director - 1 people security - 1 people
7.	Required start-up capital	500 000 rubles
8.	Costs	167 000 rubles
9.	Investment return period	10-11 months
10.	Competition	Small
11.	Organization income	216 000 rubles
12.	Loss of the organization	167 000 rubles
13.	Profit of the organization	49 000 rubles

2) Goods and services

For the time spent in the anti-cafe, the amount will be charged 2 rub / min . For this money, the cafe will provide services such as:

• Mini-library, you can retire and read books;
• Lots of games for large companies (mafia, board games);
• Game console;
• Karaoke, projector, tablets;
• Various courses can be arranged, For example, in English, in Spanish, in psychology, make-up training;
• You can also order banquets, children's birthdays;
• Wi-Fi is available, any visitor can use it;
• Tea, coffee and various sweets.

Ideal clients: people aged 17 -45 years who live an active life; they have an average income; without bad habbits; these people like to spend time with benefit for themselves; they would like to get good knowledge and great emotions.

The client must spend in a cafe near 22 hours per month... From this, the profit per person is calculated about 3600 rubles per month.

3) Marketing strategy

The city currently has one cafe in this segment. It poses a potential threat, since they already have an established customer base.

• Social networks (Instagram, telegram and others);
• SMS mailing;
• Discounts, coupons;
• Radio announcements.

New anti-cafe promotion strategy:

1. Direct attraction. Search for clients or organizations that will come to us as a large company. Carrying out children's matinees. Discounts for regular customers. Advertising in institutes.
2. Advertising in Odnoklassniki, Agent and many different networks. Reaching a group of people who are at home. Advertising on social networks allows you to get a lot of information from clients and very quickly answer all questions of interest, while requiring very little financial costs.
3. Building partnerships with companies that specialize in various holidays, show programs, corporate parties and more.
4. Club card. This card gives you the right to spend as much time in the anti-cafe as you like. Price 4 800 rubles, validity period 1 month.
5. Radio advertising. After a month of work, a story about the activities in the anti-cafe.

Such a business has seasonality ... Anti-cafe has the largest attendance in autumn and winter seasons... And in summer and spring there are fewer clients ↓.

Therefore, the plan should be drawn up in such a way as to increase the profit several times, so as not to go into lesion .

№	Name	The timing	Responsible	Results and notes
1	Study	01.01.14 – 01.02.14	Manager	We've proven all our data
2	Staff recruitment	01.02.14 – 01.03.14	Manager	Found employees
3	Search for premises	01.03.14 – 01.04.14	Manager	Found a room by criteria
4	Repair	01.04.14 – 01.05.14	Manager	Repairs have been made in accordance with all requirements
5	We buy equipment	01.05.14 – 01.06.14	Manager	Delivery to the place
6	Action plan approval	01.06.14 – 03.06.14	Director	Contracts concluded
7	We go through registration	01.06.14 – 03.06.14	Manager	Purchased a cash register and documents
8	Advertising	03.06.14 – 10.06.14	We hire a specialist	Advertise on all counts
9	Opening	12.06.13	Manager	Everything went well, a lot of contests and gifts, there were journalists, everyone found out about us

4) Financial plan

№	Costs	Quantity (pcs.)	Cost, rub.)	Amount (rub.)
1	Purchase of equipment	50	5 000	250 000
2	Purchasing inventory	100	1 000	100 000
3	Finishing work	1	150 000	150 000
Total:				500 000

5) Conclusions

№	Name	Quantity	Cost, rub.)	Amount (rub.)
1	Building rent (150 sq. M.)	1 month	40 000	40 000
2	Payment of wages	6 people	15 000	90 000
3	Public Utilities	1 month	5 000	5 000
4	Products	700 sets	10	7 000
5	Tax	1 month	15 000	15 000
6	Depreciation charges	1 month	10 000	10 000
Total:				167 000

Having analyzed all the costs for the reporting month, we can say - if the profit of the institution will be greater 167 000 rubles, this will be break-even point .

Given:

Concurrent costs = 500 000 rubles
Consumption in 1 month = 167 000 rubles

Find: Payback period -?

Solution :

Payback period = One-time costs / PE per month

1) We find an emergency per month

PE per month = Income per month - Expense per month

Profit for the month = (Profit for the day) * 30 days = ( 30 Human * 2 hours * 120 rubles / hour) * 30 days = 216 000 rubles
PE per month = 216,000 rubles - 167,000 rubles = 49,000 rubles

2) Finding the payback period

Payback period = 500,000 rubles (down payment) / 49,000 rubles (PE per month) = 10 months

* Of course, all calculations made above are approximate and may differ from region to region.

5. Ready-made examples of a business plan for free + template 📎

We present a ready-made template for writing your plan, in which you can easily enter your data for counting and overview analytics.

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We give detailed instructions from experts from the Institute of Business to help you put together the right and effective business plan for your business.

How to create a business plan from scratch? To begin with, conduct a small analysis of your project, identify its strengths and weaknesses, set specific goals. Based on this, you will draw up a development strategy.

We include the following sections in the list of preliminary studies:

Research of the selected market niche, be it industry, trade, service sector.

Get to know the manufacturing process thoroughly, demand for products, peculiarities of price formation.

Competitor analysis... Who else works in your field, produces the same goods, is located near your establishment?

Research carefully what they offer and at what price. Your task is to offer consumers better conditions and prices than your competitors.

Research of requests and needs of buyers... Think about what is most important for them when choosing a product or service (price, quality, service, discounts, wholesale purchase opportunities, etc.).

For yourself, you need to develop a table with an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of your enterprise, or the so-called SWOT analysis... This will help build your strengths and deal with weaknesses.

In the Strengths line, write down your strengths, Weakness - vulnerable, Opportunities - opportunities and prospects (for example, the ability to significantly reduce the cost of products, create a whole network of enterprises, etc.), Threats - threats (which threatens a corporation).

The last point will help you find ways to solve possible problems in the future, plus these obstacles will not come as a surprise to you.

Business plan structure

Below is a sample of a clear structure that will allow you to step by step paint the scheme of opening a company.

The main components of a business plan

• Project summary;
• Description of the activity;
• Marketing plan;
• Industrial;
• Organizational;
• Financial calculation;
• Risk assessment;
• Appendix.

Summary

This section gives an overview of the project: what the organization does, what resources it uses (for example, raw materials), in what schedule it works, how much it plans to invest and raise money, what are the payback periods.

It is worth indicating what results the company wants to achieve, over what period of time.

Usually investors they decide on the resume whether it is worth continuing reading, considering the proposal and investing your money in the business. The business plan summary consists of 5-7 sentences.

Company description

This part is a kind of short " squeeze»From the entire document describing the project.

Its structure:

1. Industry (for example, a clothing store, tableware production, application development, etc.);
2. A brief description of the products or services manufactured (names, scope, features);
3. Areas of work;
4. Benefits and innovations used;
5. Structural structure of the organization (departments, divisions);
6. Available licenses and certificates.

Let's analyze in detail the main and most important points of the business plan.

Marketing plan

Competently formed marketing strategy will allow you to successfully start in the market and make good profits from the very beginning.

It uses the market research and analysis carried out prior to the preparation of the document.

Description of activities

To be successful in trading, you need to think through a number of questions.

Features and geography of the sales market... In which region do you plan to work or where to supply products? Does demand depend on the season, political or economic situation?

For example, if demand falls during a crisis period, you should think in advance about ways to reduce the cost of a product, stimulate sales (for example, promotions and bonuses from the category "Third product as a gift", "Installment plan for regular wholesale customers", etc.).

Competitor analysis... What do they offer and how are they promoting? What are their features you can use in your own business, how to advance better?

It is worth adopting all the advantages from competitors and analyzing their disadvantages in order to avoid other people's mistakes. This will give you an additional competitive edge.

Buyer portrait... Gender, age, financial position of your main audience, its needs and interests.

Thanks to this information, the most advantageous offer for a particular category of the population is formed, the benefits that may interest them. And also suitable advertising channels are selected.

How to draw up a business plan yourself, taking into account the portrait of the consumer?

Example: the average youth prefers to purchase clothes and accessories through online stores with delivery. Selection criteria - low price, large and frequently updated assortment, availability of sales, pleasant design of the store site itself.

Main advertising channel- Internet (direct advertising, communities in social networks). Depending on the gender of the buyer, the design of the store, salon, site, advertising slogans and offers are selected, an assortment is formed.

For wholesale buyers, low prices, fast delivery, possible installments, etc. are important.

Consumer characteristics of the product... Describe in detail the properties of the products or services provided, their availability. Why are they useful and unique, what needs they satisfy, why you should choose them. This will help in the preparation of advertising texts.

Sales stimulation

Your business plan must contain ways to stimulate demand and sales.

This includes various promotions (promotions, discounts, tastings, distribution of flyers, sponsorship at events and festivals, "guerrilla marketing"), unique offers for customers, marketing techniques, such as the correct layout of products in the store.

Manufacturing program

This paragraph carefully examines the entire production process, technology and innovation, the necessary equipment, procurement, storage. This is true for any type of activity..

If the company is engaged in wholesale purchases and retail resale, then the emphasis is on suppliers (analysis of the best offers, selection criteria, terms of cooperation), storage of goods, methods of sale.

How to draw up a business plan for the production part correctly? Main sections:

• The location of the enterprise, the requirements for the premises, the necessary communications, repairs (list of works and the calculation of their cost);
• Technological process when it comes to production;
• The right equipment. Here you should list all machines, machines, apparatus, equipment with an indication of their value and brand of the manufacturer. What power do you need, will you have to increase them later? Describe the process of installing the equipment (sequence), how much time and money it will take.
• Volumes of production and / or sales of goods and services;
• Raw materials, where are they purchased and in what volumes. For stores, purchases of the necessary products for resale are prescribed here. For the service sector - consumables. A scheme for the delivery of raw materials and consumables to the plant, store, salon, etc .;
• Calculation of the cost of goods and services;
• Storage of products and raw materials (where, in what conditions);
• Will the dynamics of production or sales increase over time? Describe how and what is required for this.

Competent drawing up of a business plan includes various schemes, tables, diagrams. In this form, it is worth registering data on production volumes, supplies, and repair measures. They can be taken out in the Appendix.

Schedule required production / sales, clearly illustrating the required volumes of output and sales for 3, 6 and 12 months of labor.

Organizational program

All details related to the organization of the business, the internal structure of the organization, personnel and work schedule are given in this section.

It will become a kind of scheme by which you create a company.

General structure of this section

To open an enterprise it is necessary to resolve the issues:

1. Organizational and legal form (individual entrepreneur, LLC, etc.), OKVED codes, the best way of taxation;
2. Permitting papers: licenses, certificates. List with which services you will need to sign a service agreement (disinfection, pest control, garbage collection, etc.);
3. The structure of the organization: division into departments, management staff, the number of employees in each division;
4. Possible personnel training system;
5. Information about partners;
6. List of products or offers;
7. Schedule.

To write a business plan yourself, you need to consider in more detail some points.

Legal support

In addition to registration and permitting documentation, need to prepare company charter, product patents, quality certificates, engineering procurement licenses, lease or sale / purchase agreement for premises, agreements with partners and suppliers.

At this stage, the prospects for participation in government programs, tenders, obtaining grants for benefits and reducing the cost of starting a business are considered.

Work with personnel

We consider the internal structure of the company, the interaction of its departments, the selection of personnel and contact with him.

Internal structure of the company

Describe in detail all divisions of the company: their number and names, responsibilities, number of employees, what goals they should achieve for the stable development of the company as a whole.

Indicate what employees are needed(leaders, managers, workers, their profile) for each position in the company.

Write down their job responsibilities and qualification requirements, selection criteria.

Are on-site training and professional development planned for employees, in what way, with what frequency and cost?

Also, describe the house rules, work schedule, possible penalties and penalties for non-compliance with the rules.

Employee salaries and incentives

Here we determine the amount of wages for each position, the form of payment (rate, percentage), bonuses (conditions of receipt and size), other material and non-material incentives.

With this item, the entrepreneur can easily calculate the payroll.

Work schedule

Even in order to draw up a business plan, you will need to make a table with a project launch schedule. It is necessary to describe the sequence of actions (registration, purchase of equipment, hiring personnel, etc.), what resources and investments are required.

The spreadsheet will help you plan the launch, control the preparatory process, make changes in time and, if possible, accelerate the course of events.

Financial plan

This includes all monetary relationships of the company., ranging from obtaining a loan and paying taxes and ending with utility bills. This part brings together all sections of the business plan.

If a loan is required to start, the first step is to indicate the bank and the conditions for obtaining the loan, the repayment period. We need data on insurance, what amount is planned as a "buffer" - for unforeseen expenses and coverage of risks.

Design two tables: at one-time and recurring costs.

1. One-time expenses (fixed assets ) Is money for starting a business. This includes the rental or purchase of premises, equipment, registration and permits, outdoor advertising, investments in the website, and advertising printed or souvenir merchandise.
2. Recurring costs (working capital ) - these are the company's monthly expenses for the purchase of raw materials, rent, salaries, taxes and other payments (utilities, on a loan), advertising, transportation costs, etc.

How to write a business plan for a project with a profit calculation? To do this, you need to indicate the volume of sales and calculate the break-even point.

This is the number of sales that will be able to cover recurring expenses. Upon reaching it, the business will begin to make a profit. A successful project reaches this figure in a few months.

The next step is to calculate the payback period. When the capital investment in starting a company is completely covered by net profit, the business pays off.

Profit calculation table consists of the following items:

• Organization costs (or cost);
• Total revenues;
• Net income;
• Payback periods.

Risks and ways to overcome them

Any idea carries certain risks.... To avoid bankruptcy and loss of invested money, think in advance what could threaten your corporation and how to deal with it.

Uncontrolled risks. These are factors that do not depend on the entrepreneur: natural disasters, changes in the political and economic situation, various force majeure. To mitigate the consequences, develop an insurance system, a scheme for attracting additional funds from investors.

It is realistic to predict other problems and develop ways to overcome them.

The most common situations:

1. Exceeding the planned budget. Usually this figure reaches 5-15% of the planned costs. The solution is to initially budget 15% more after all calculations have been made;
2. Too high cost, insufficient production or sales. It is necessary to develop "fallback" options for the supply of raw materials, options for increasing production capacity, campaigns to stimulate sales. You must be ready to reduce the cost of the product without sacrificing yourself;
3. The fall in the relevance of the presented product or service, increased competition. You need powerful marketing tools to keep your audience engaged (ads, promotions, sales) and the ability to improve your product or move into a new direction.

Applications

The development of a business plan means drawing up graphs, charts, tables, diagrams for visualization and easy calculation.

This also includes copies of certificates, licenses, contracts, product photos, diagrams and drawings of premises and communications. In the text, place references to the documents in the appendix.

This is a detailed description of how to make a business plan yourself with calculations and development forecasts.