By studying the lists of professions in demand in a given period of human history, you can learn a lot about society: people's preferences, technical equipment, it is even possible to draw conclusions about the sanitary condition of cities. Certain specialties arise in the wake of the demands of their time, but then just as quickly disappear. In this review, a story about some professions, the memory of which is now only in photographs.

time seller

Before the beginning of the era of radio, when exact time signals were not yet transmitted on the air, accurate clock reconciliation was very relevant. This was done by the time sellers. The last representative of this profession was Ruth Belleville. Every morning she set the chronograph to the Greenwich Observatory's clock and then toured customers who signed up for the service. Thus, people were able to synchronize their clocks with Greenwich Mean Time. The error in this case was no more than 10 seconds. This profession was popular in the XIX century. With the advent of radio that transmitted accurate time signals (this first happened in 1926), many customers, of course, stopped paying for such a service. However, Ruth worked until 1940.

alarm clock

The activity of this person was also associated with the exact time. He had to wake up his client on order. They did this either by knocking on the window (long sticks and pebbles were used), or with the help of special pipes. Such professionals were widespread in England and Ireland. In Russia, by the way, the janitors woke up the tenants.

Pied Piper

People in this profession performed very important work ridding cities of harmful rodents. This activity differed radically from modern pest baiting: rat catchers climbed basements and sewers, catching rats by hand. Of course, this required special skill. It is interesting that these same "professionals" were sometimes engaged in breeding and selling tame rats, and also supplied live rodents for the fun that was popular in those days - dog baiting. In 1835, in England, the use of bears and bulls for such purposes was banned, and bloody entertainment began to be carried out with rats.

Many professions disappeared literally within the lifetime of one generation of people. Even our parents could see them.

Shoe shiner

The correct name for this profession is Bootbreaker. It appeared in the 18th century. The cleaner boys have become a real "sign of the times", because. This simple work was done mainly by children. Such a service was popular until the middle of the 20th century, and then gradually disappeared in Europe and America, but continues to flourish in Asia and Latin America. Therefore, it is too early to formally call it a “dead profession”. In India, there is even a trade union for shoe cleaners and a special license for this type of activity.

Outdoor knife grinder

Interestingly, people of this profession have been known since antiquity. Craftsmen-grinders had small workshops or went to towns and villages in search of customers. In those days when life and well-being often depended on edged weapons, such narrow specialization justified itself. In the 20th century, street knife sharpeners were still very common. Their professional tool was most often a foot-operated whetstone. These don't exist anymore, though. given profession entitled sharpener in production is a completely official and demanded working specialty.

Stenographer

The disappearance of this specialty can be compared to the explosion of a huge multi-storey building. A skill honed over thousands of years has ceased to be in demand in just a few decades. Technological progress in this case was ruthless.

If we recall the history of this profession, then its beginning dates back to Ancient Egypt, where the speeches of the pharaohs were recorded with conventional signs. In the 1st century BC, the first system of signs used for cursive writing was invented. Since the end of the 16th century, shorthand has been rapidly developing and becoming a full-fledged professional institution with its own educational institutions, specialized print media regularly held international congresses.

In our country, in 2018, this profession seems to have ended its existence. From April 1, the positions of "Secretary-Stenographer", "Stenographer" and "Head of the Typewriting Bureau" are excluded from Qualification Handbook positions of managers, specialists and other employees.

It is clear that the disappearance of some professions and the emergence of others is a natural process, and it will continue along with the history of mankind. There are predictions about which professions will be next in demand. Most likely, in the coming decades, specialties will disappear:

Travel Agent – ​​Many people are already planning their trips themselves.
- The cashier in the supermarket - will be replaced by a "smart cart", such concepts already exist.
- Call center operator - automatic systems with recorded voice information and today they are doing their job well.
- Ticketer - reading scanners can replace a living person in this case.
- Postman - this profession should have disappeared a couple of years ago with the advent of Email, but was unexpectedly tenacious. In any case, work postal service will have to change a lot in the near future.
- Chauffeur - autopilots for cars and buses are already being actively used in big cities.

Whether these predictions will come true - we will find out in a couple of decades.

If you want to dive into the past, it's worth seeing.

Visual arts

Pre-revolutionary HR, or Forgotten professions on the canvases of Russian artists

The labor market does not stand still. Some professions corrects technical progress others go into oblivion. What occupations were in demand in past centuries? Ofenya, a water carrier, a batman ... We are examining the paintings of Russian painters.

water carrier

Sergei Gribkov. Water carrier. 1873

If in a Russian village almost every yard had its own well dug, then in the city it was difficult to get water. In the central regions, the water in rivers and ponds was most often undrinkable, so clean water the townspeople had to bring. Delivery was handled by a water carrier. To become one, one had to have a horse-drawn cart or two-wheeled wagon and a large barrel. In St. Petersburg, the color of the barrel spoke of the quality of the water in it: water from the canals was transported in green barrels, and drinking water - in white ones. Often the water carrier was accompanied by a dog: it notified the inhabitants of the arrival of the wagon with a loud bark. In large cities, this profession persisted until the beginning of the 20th century, until a centralized water supply system appeared.

In 1873, the work of a water carrier was captured in his painting by the artist Sergei Gribkov. At that time, this profession was considered prestigious and, importantly, very profitable: this can also be judged by the good clothes of the worker. Water carriers often took advantage of the fact that the townspeople had no choice, and charged them at exorbitant prices.

Batman

Pavel Fedotov. Officer and orderly. 1850–1851

Orderlies were called soldiers of the Russian army, who were in permanent service with an officer in the position of servants. According to historians, the name is derived from the French de jour, which means "orderly, on duty." The batman conveyed the orders of the officer to his subordinates, cleaned his uniform and boots, and, if necessary, acted as a bodyguard. Under Peter I, not only commoners, but also people from a noble family served in this post. The latter, as a rule, carried out the diplomatic and secret orders of the king. This "profession" was abolished in 1881, however, batmen unofficially existed during the Great Patriotic War. Their duties were performed by drivers.

Lamplighter

Leonid Solomatkin. Morning at the tavern. 1873

The profession of a lamplighter in a more simplified form existed in ancient Greece and ancient Rome: even then, at night, the streets were lit with oil lamps and torches. In Russia in the 19th century, retired military men were taken to the position of a lamplighter, who could work night and day. In an hour, they walked around at least 50 lanterns: they adjusted the wicks and poured hemp oil. There was no theft. To stop this, they began to add turpentine to the oil, and later it was completely replaced with kerosene. With the advent of electric lights, the work was somewhat facilitated, although they were still turned on and off manually. Only after the 30s of the XX century did the automatic ignition of lanterns appear, and this once prestigious profession has sunk into oblivion. In some cities, you can still meet a lamplighter, although this is more an attempt to preserve traditions than a necessity.

In the painting by Leonid Solomatkin “Morning at the Tavern”, you can see how the lamplighter, having climbed the ladder, goes about his business - extinguishing a candle. Each worker also had a long pole with which he lit and refueled the lanterns.

Saddler

Michael Klodt. Saddler. 1860s

Blinkers were called eyecups that closed the view of the horse on the sides. This is where the word "blinded" came from - this is the name of people who are unable to accept other points of view. The element of the harness gave the name to the whole profession. However, the master was engaged in the manufacture of all horse ammunition: saddles, bridles, stirrups. Each harness had to be unique. The first saddlers existed in Ancient Rus', and now only rare specialists decorate thoroughbred horses for racing.

A painting by Mikhail Klodt shows a saddler at work. The craft was laborious and required skillful skills. What did it cost to choose the right skin! And it was also necessary to flash the belts, put rivets. Everything was done by hand with the simplest tools. Each craftsman adhered to certain rules. For example, it was possible to bend the arcs only during the summer sap flow, and to dry them only in the shade.

Cooper

Traditionally, wooden barrels are used for pickling cucumbers and aging wine. In the old days, a cooper was engaged in their manufacture. Widespread in Rus', this profession came to naught in the 20th century. Previously, the number of professional coopers reached a thousand people in each province, but now there are only a few of them. Filling the barrels was extremely difficult. Suffice it to recall an episode from a book about Robinson Crusoe: on the island he tried to learn how to make barrels. I pored over for several weeks, knocking together planks, but still I couldn’t do anything worthwhile.

In the painting by Sergei Skachkov, you can see a cooper at work. With the help of an ax and improvised carpentry tools, he attaches wooden or iron hoops to the body. Planks should be knocked down so tightly to each other that they do not let water through.

As society develops, the need for some professions inevitably disappears. Demanded several centuries ago, today they have become history

Lamplighter

In Russia, this profession became widespread at the beginning of the 18th century. In 1718, he issued a decree "On lighting the streets of St. Petersburg", and five years later there were already six hundred lanterns on the streets of the city, serviced by 64 lamplighters. During the reign, the first team of lamplighters appeared, consisting of. Later, it came under the jurisdiction of one of the police departments.

Source: www.korrespondent.net

IN Russian Empire In the 19th century, former military personnel often became lamplighters. They could work day and night, they were distinguished by discipline, endurance, and most importantly, they were able to fend for themselves in night skirmishes with hooligans or thieves. The duty of the lamplighter was to go around dozens of lanterns in an hour, pouring hemp oil into them and adjusting the wicks. There were rumors that some lamplighters were serving in bad faith: they take some of the hemp oil for themselves, so the lanterns emit a weak light and generally do not burn for long. Over time, the oil was replaced by kerosene.

Workers had ladders or long poles to help them reach the lantern, as well as a set of tools. Even after the invention of A.N. Lodygin incandescent lamps and the appearance of electric lamps (1873), the profession did not disappear - they still had to be turned on manually. The work of lamplighters ceased to be in demand after the invention automatic mode ignition in the 30s of the twentieth century.

Source: www.ptmap.ru

Today, in many cities, you can find monuments to lamplighters as a tribute to a bygone profession. One of these monuments is located on Odessa Street in St. Petersburg - just at the place where the first electric lantern was lit.

Milliner

The women's profession associated with the world of fashion appeared in France in the 18th century. The milliners were engaged in the creation of headdresses and decorations for them, sewing capes, veils, scarves and home dresses. They could redraw an old wardrobe item, add accessories and turn it into a real work of art. The milliners gained wide fame thanks to the ladies' hats they skillfully created. Each handcrafted model was one of a kind. The most sought-after representatives of this profession could afford to keep up to a hundred workers in submission and open their own workshops.

In the Russian Empire, the profession of a milliner began to gain popularity from the 1800s. Women united in specialized communities, opened millinery schools, and shared their skills. IN late XIX century, the activity of milliners began to be covered in the periodical press. In St. Petersburg, prototypes of future glossy magazines were published, among which were Vestnik Mody and Modistka with illustrations of hats and jewelry in the form of brooches, ribbons, feathers and precious stones.

The work of milliners remained relevant throughout the 19th and first half of the 20th century, and then faded away due to changes in the structure of the fashion industry and changing trends. Creating exquisite hats is now the lot of designers.

Ballroom pianist

In the era of silent films, the only sound accompanying what was happening on the screen was playing the piano. A man of a profession that has sunk into oblivion was engaged in it - a taper. In fact, pianists appeared even earlier than cinema. They worked at balls, dinner parties and other social events. The word tapeur itself is French, and translates as "clap" or "beat". With the advent of cinema, the profession of pianist gained wide popularity and remained so for at least thirty years. Many attempts to make sound films were unsuccessful, and filmmakers saw the only salvation in pianists. Even then it became clear that watching a picture in complete silence is a dubious pleasure.

Source: www.luxfon.com

It is interesting that the profession of taper gained the widest popularity precisely in the Russian Empire. In the 1910s on the territory of the country, the number of cinemas (they were then called "cinemas") numbered in the thousands, and the audience - tens of millions a year. cinematography like the new kind art, was negatively perceived by the theatrical community, which rightly feared competition. Directors, actors, screenwriters and pianists were not recommended to leave the theater for the cinema.

Those who, despite criticism, did their own thing, were often despised. The work of a pianist was considered unworthy of a qualified pianist, although it required considerable dedication. Tapers performed their duties for 7-10 hours a day without a break, sitting in a stuffy room with no windows. They played in the dark so as not to distract the attention of the audience from the screen. Of course, not every pianist could accept such conditions with dignity.

There was a gradation of tapers. The less talented ones played according to special musical scores - cinema libraries, while the most gifted were called "pianists-illustrators" and independently selected musical accompaniment for each episode in the film. You can consider them the creators of the first soundtracks for films. The salary of tapers of the "highest category" was about 150 rubles a month.

The work of pianists remained in demand in Soviet Russia as well. In the 1920s, "musical film illustration" courses began to open, continuing to exist even after the first sound films appeared. And yet, gradually, the need of filmmakers for pianists disappeared. This profession, like many others, was supplanted modern technologies However, she did not disappear without a trace. Already today it is becoming fashionable to organize screenings of old films on the big screen, accompanied by live music, which means that the craft of pianists has received a second chance.

Huntsman and falconer

The hunter is a profession that has existed in Rus' since the 11th century. In the "Instruction for Children" of the Kyiv prince Vladimir Monomakh, it is indicated that the hunters specialized in different types of hunting, and also possessed powers of authority. Falconers, fishermen, subglaciers and kennelmen freely performed their work on the territory of the principality and could even demand that local residents participate in hunting. Since the 13th century, there are references in documents to the trapping duty, which also existed later, during the period of the rise of the Moscow principality. This is evidenced, in particular, by the coins of the 14th century with the image of a man holding a falcon on his right hand. Since 1569, the concepts of "hunter" and "falconer" began to mean by themselves not only the type of activity, but also the court rank.

Now let's take a tour of history. The monuments presented in this selection provide an opportunity to recall ancient professions.

A huge number of monuments were erected in honor of such a rare and almost extinct profession as a chimney sweep.

The task of the chimney sweep was to check and clean the fireplace, stove, boiler to ensure the free exit of combustion products, as well as ventilation systems to ensure normal human life. Most often, people of this profession met and still meet in the countries of Northern Europe. Chimney sweeps usually became people of a slender physique, often teenagers were taken to this job, since the chimney sweep often had to climb inside the chimney.

Many consider the representatives of this long-standing profession almost magicians. It is believed that touching a chimney sweep's button brings happiness, and if you meet him on the street, you need to make a wish. They say it always comes true.

Chimney sweep on the roof in Chelyabinsk

Chimney sweep in Lviv.

We make a wish and throw coins into the chimney sweep's hat, if we hit, the wishes will come true

This cute chimney sweep is also an adornment of the themed cafe in Lviv. It's just that it's not so easy to see it, it is located on the roof of the five-story cafe "House of Legends" on Staroyevreyskaya Street.

And this chimney sweep from St. Petersburg.

A grubby little man with ropes and brushes appeared on the wall of a house on Bolshaya Moskovskaya Street in October 2006. The image of a chimney sweep is associated with a legend that a chimney sweep brings happiness, good luck, and he should be greeted in a special way. Sculptor A. V. Vasiliev, artists A. V. Shevardin, S. M. Simina. Height approx. 200 cm. The prototype of the sculpture is a hereditary chimney sweep, CEO LLC "Petersburg chimney sweep" Sergei Pavlovich Kurnosov. According to the story of S. M. Simina, the monument was conceived as part of a project dedicated to people of various professions who inhabited the quarter, professions that have gone into oblivion or have survived to this day. Chimney sweeps appeared in St. Petersburg by decree of Peter I in 1721. At the police stations, the position of a stove cleaner and his assistant was established, whose duties included cleaning pipes from soot, as well as teaching how to build and operate stoves. In the future, the name of the profession changed. Nowadays, roof workers are called "chimney sweepers" and they are still in demand.

A lot of monuments to chimney sweeps are located in the Baltic countries.

Chimney sweep and bricklayer from Riga.

Chimney Sweep and Bricklayer (Latvian: Skursteņslauķis un mūrnieks) is a sculptural group on Murnieku Street (Kamenshitskaya) in the Latgale suburb of Riga, opened on April 26, 2007. The sculpture has become a tribute to Latvian artisans and the first monument in independent Latvia dedicated to the craft and profession. The authorship belongs to the sculptors Karlis Ile and Girts Burvis. The most famous chimney sweep in the city, Varis Vilcans, and the actor, People's Artist of the USSR Karlis Sebris, who portrayed a bricklayer, served as prototypes.

In Riga there is a monument to the chimney sweep Albert.

The monument was erected in May 2010 at the entrance to Alberta College at st. Skolas, 22. Authors - sculptors Evgeny Shitov and Dmitry Marchenkov. The sculpture was made in the Riga cabinet bronze workshop and became a gift to Riga, especially to schoolchildren and students of the city.

Klapeida, Lithuania.

Tallinn chimney sweep.

Kaunas, Lithuania.

Chimney sweep Vienna, Austria.

Chimney sweep from Mukachevo.

The monument to the Kominar or Sazhotrus (as chimney sweeps are called in Ukraine) was opened on June 12, 2010 on the main street of the city opposite the city House of Culture. The people immediately nicknamed the monument "Bertalon-bachi" - a happy chimney sweep.
The prototype was Bertalon Tovt, a chimney sweep of ZhEK No. 3, who devoted more than 50 years to this difficult profession. The monument was created by People's Artist of Ukraine, sculptor Ivan Vasilyevich Brovdiy.
Now every Mukachevo citizen has the opportunity to touch the chimney sweep button and make a wish.

On the pedestrian street of Nizhny Novgorod stands the Policeman

Another law enforcement officer in Ulyanovsk.

An almost two-meter figure of the Policeman was placed on the paving stones near the Fire Protection Museum, on Lenin Street. Near the building of this museum, where the fire department was located before the revolution, there is a house where at the same time the police department of Simbirsk was located. It was customary to build premises for firefighters and police in the Russian Empire in a single complex.

Monument to the policeman installed in St. Petersburg

The sculpture "City" was donated by the St. Petersburg police department on May 27, 1998 in honor of the future 300th anniversary of the city. Author: sculptor A. S. Charkin. The history of the institute of police officers began in the 18th century. For the first time, residents of St. Petersburg saw police officers on May 27, 1718, thanks to the decree of Peter I, according to which the city guards were obliged to monitor the observance of order on the streets of the Northern capital. According to the plan of the king, the policeman was to become the owner of the city and the protector of the townspeople. The city police service existed for a long time, from time to time undergoing some changes and reforms. Under Emperor Alexander II, the guards in the city began to be called the police, police officers appeared. A very good, but not used for a long time, selection criterion for policemen - only men over 25 years old, of strong build and not less than 175 cm tall were accepted for service. The candidate had to have excellent health and eyesight. A very important detail that should have been paid attention to when selecting guards of law and now is that the future city policemen had to have a competent, well-delivered speech, as well as be energetic and very quick-witted. Candidates who passed a rigorous selection were trained and passed an exam, after which they were enrolled in the service. The salary received by the policeman was very good, and after the end of the service, he was given a good pension, but the service was "dangerous and difficult." Their duties included ensuring order on the city streets both during the day and at night. The policeman was supposed to keep an eye on compliance sanitary norms outlets, and also under his control was street lighting. In addition, being literate people, the policemen could help the townspeople draw up appeals and complaints to city officials. At one time, the policemen were the real masters of the city and the townspeople, thanks to them, felt protected. Each policeman had to serve 8 hours a day.

Chelyabinsk policeman.

Cheerful shoe shiner from Chelyabinsk.

From Nizhny Novgorod.

Cleaner from Campeche

From Baku

In Yekaterinburg, in a shopping center.

There is also a tailor.

Cheerful shoemaker Hennrich Resche

This is a shoemaker from London.

Cordwainer (or cordovan) is a shoemaker who makes excellent soft leather shoes and other luxury footwear. The word comes from "cordwain", or "cordovan", a leather made in Cordoba, Spain. The term cordwainer appeared as early as 1100 in England. Historically, the cordwainer who made luxurious shoes and boots from the finest leathers was different from the shoemaker who mended them. This distinction gradually weakened, especially in the 20th century, when shoe sellers appeared who neither made nor repaired shoes.

In Chelyabinsk, you can see such a fireman in an old uniform.

And this is a fireman from St. Petersburg.

The brave fireman has been living in Rybatsky on Coastal Street since 2004. Sculptor N. Kardabovskaya. The monument to the firefighter was unveiled on the occasion of the 201st anniversary of the formation of the city's fire department. The sculpture "The Brave Fireman" was commissioned to the artists by the city Department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations. The first professional firefighters appeared in St. Petersburg by decree of Alexander I in 1803. Then the fire brigade included 11 parts - from the 1st to the 4th, Admiralty, Karetnaya, Moscow, Foundry, Rozhdestvenskaya, Vasilyevskaya, Petersburg and Vyborgskaya. Foreigners who visited Russia were then surprised that measures to combat the fire were established in St. Petersburg as little as anywhere in the world. To the credit of St. Petersburg firefighters, it can be noted that St. Petersburg has never burned out completely, unlike Moscow, Novgorod and many other cities and capitals.

And this is a monument to the London firefighters.

Petersburg water carrier. Standing near the water museum

Until the middle of the 19th century, there was no centralized water supply in St. Petersburg, its launch took place in 1863, and until that time, its role was played by wells and water carriers that transported water for money. On the cobblestone pavements they rolled wooden barrels on two wheels with water, which they took from rivers and canals, carrying it around the city. You could find out what kind of water the water carrier was selling by the color of the barrel: white ones were filled from the Neva, yellow ones from the Fontanka, and green ones from the canals. Information about the source of water was important, since the quality of water depended on it. The Neva water was considered the best. The monument to the St. Petersburg water carrier was opened in 2003 on Shpalernaya Street near the water tower, which now houses the Water World of St. Petersburg museum. The monument is made of bronze according to the project of sculptor Sergey Dmitriev and architect V. Vasiliev. It is a life-size figure of a water carrier pulling a barrel of water, and a playful dog runs in front of him.

On August 29, 2006, in Kazan, on Gorky Street, a ceremony was held to open a monument dedicated to the history of water supply - a monument to a water carrier was erected.

The monument is a gift to the citizens of Kazan on the Day of the City and the Republic. A water carrier, a horse and a girl cast in bronze were completely made at the expense of one of the city's enterprises, which cost 3 million rubles.

Kronstadt, near the old building of the water tower

But such a water carrier is in China.

Water carrier from Granada.

Monument to the porter in Germany.

Monument to a customs officer in Rostov-on-Don.

The monument was created by sculptor Sergei Oleshnya with A.M. Dementiev with the help of architects Yu.Ya. Dvornikova and S.V. Lebedeva. Before that, the sculptor studied chronological photographs and materials for many months in order to truly understand and recreate the image of a customs officer of those years. The sculpture of the customs officer is made with full compliance in clothes and skyscrapers of 2 meters 20 centimeters on a low (about 1 meter) granite pedestal. In the hands of the customs officer is the customs code approved by Tsarina Ekaterina Petrovna on December 15, 1749 (the date of the founding of the Temernitsky customs).

Monument to the carriage driver in St. Petersburg.

The sculpture of a carriage driver, which is a single composition with horses and a trailer, is a monument to Konka at the intersection of line 7 of V.O. and Middle Avenue. The monument was opened in 2004, when a wagon of 1872-1878 was installed, in 2005 2 horses appeared at the trailer, and in 2009 a sculpture of a wagon driver. The carriage driver served the horse-drawn carriage together with the conductor. The conductor sold the tickets and signaled stops and departures, the carriage driver drove the horses. Driving the horse-drawn carriage required skill and strength - while moving down the bridge, the slightest mistake was enough and a heavy colossus could run into the horses. It was necessary to carefully monitor the progress and, if necessary, immediately pull on the handbrake. The counselor also had to scare gaping passers-by with blows on a copper bell. If there were steep climbs along the way, then additional horses with their own separate coachman were attached there. When the car went down, the conductor also took part in braking. After the ascent and descent ended, the horses were uncoupled and they remained to wait for the next horse, which needed their help. At the final stop, the horses were transferred to the other end of the car, the bell with the brake was installed and set off on the return flight.

Monument to the coachman in Chelyabinsk.

Monument to coachmen ("Troika"), Lensk

A cab driver with a horse and a dog from Yekaterinburg.

IN one of the parks in Sochi is a monument to the usurer.

Monument to the barber in Rostov.

The monument is a man with a comb and a chair with a back, on which the client must sit. The barber extended his hand invitingly, and it all looks so gallant that you just want to smile. It is now that hairdressing salons and various beauty salons are being created at every step, and in those days there could only be one hairdressing salon in the whole city, people with natural talent and a sense of taste were taken there, because. there were no stylistics courses at that time.

Banker from Yekaterinburg.

On August 22, 2008, a monument to the guard was erected in Yaroslavl. The figure appeared at the intersection of Lenin and October Avenues.

It was at this place, at the entrance to the city, in 1778 that the Romanovskaya Zastava was located. The image of the monument is collective: an efficient peasant with a rapier, and next to it is a funny crow and a fire. It was installed for the 230th anniversary of the approval of the regular plan of Yaroslavl.

Monument to the surveyor in Ufa.

There is a statement that the profession of a land surveyor is the oldest in the world in terms of age, because the earth is one of the eternal values, the basis of every person's life.

A land surveyor is a land surveyor, surveyor, topographer (French géomètre arpeteur, German Geometer, Feldmesser) a technician who takes land plots and, in general, parts of the earth's surface onto a plan. Before Peter I, people who were engaged in “description and depiction of lands” were called scribes, also scribes, watchers; their activities were determined by special scribe orders, of which the first was issued in 1555, and the last in 1684.

Merchant, Polotsk, Belarus.

And in Yekaterinburg, on Weiner Street, a two-meter “Korobeinik” appeared.

The opening of the sculpture was timed to the day of trade workers, which is celebrated on July 23. The bronze “Peddler” immediately stands out among the passers-by with its height and appearance- in a frock coat, with a tray on which bottles of perfume, powder and spools of thread.

Rostov-on-Don is a large industrial and commercial center and one of the symbols of the city is a merchant-peddler, whose monument was erected in 2006 near the Gorky Park.

Monument "Seller and buyer" in Voronezh, market "Soborny"

The general appearance of the monument is quite playful. The stylized figurines of a peddler, a woman who sells mirrors, and a shopping lady depict an everyday scene - the purchase of a shawl. The sculptural trio stands out perfectly against the background of the walls of the church of Xenia of St. Petersburg. Types are pleasing to the eye with their recognition. A three-ton bronze sculpture lures visitors at the entrance to the market. By the way, the monument has its own sign. If you want happiness and prosperity, rub your palm with a mirror in which the buyer of the shawl admires.

Boy selling newspapers.

Ulyanovsk, Lenina, 73 (near the Museum of the Simbirsk Printing House)

Newspaper seller in the USA.

In Portugal.

Norway, Alesund
Little newspaperman.

A woman selling crabs.

From ancient times, women sellers of crabs walked the streets of the city of Bremerhaven until the 70s with wheelbarrows.
So on one of the streets of the city there is a monument to Granatfrau, in the place where she had many regular customers.

Monument to a merchant at the Dolac market in Zagreb

And this is a merchant from Finland

Torun. Novomeisky market. Monument tradeswoman.

Lemon vendor from Hamburg.

Selling seeds in Minsk.

Chestnut merchant. Burgos, Spain.

An onion merchant in Cork.

The sculpture of Seamus Murphy, created in 1935, adorns the city square.

Asparagus vendor in Schwetzingen

German cheese vendor in the fountain on the market square in Lenz.

Witch from Lviv.

In the courtyard of the legendary Lviv pharmacy-museum, since 1985, there has been a sculpture of Vedunia - an elderly woman holding a snake in her right hand, and a bunch of herbs in her left.

Cooking apprentice in Ukraine.

Organ grinders in Kyiv

Near the Moscow Museum of Art.

Gomel

The work of the famous Gomel sculptor Vyacheslav Dolgov is located in one of the city squares of the Novobelitsky district. The composition represents an elderly organ grinder from the 19th century. At one time, the hurdy-gurdy was very popular with the townspeople who did not have access to expensive entertainment: after all, one could not only listen to music for a penny, but also draw out a ticket of good luck.
The peculiarity of the composition lies in the fact that one of its structural components - the hurdy-gurdy handle - can be set in motion. According to the author's idea, anyone can twist it and make a wish.

Organ grinder from Newport, Rhode Island, USA.

From Berlin.

Spinners from Uryupinsk.

Despite the stone city walls, life in the Middle Ages was unsafe. These are monuments to the guards who went around the city at night. .

Germany, Korbach.

And these are monuments to gold diggers.

In Canada.

Monument to gold diggers in front of the Mint in the city of Perth (Australia).

Gold digger from Finland

And this sculpture from Australia celebrates the people who built the Great Ocean Road.

Shepherd from London.

Kamenotes, Belgorod

Monument to the architect in Minsk.

Monument to a barge hauler in the city on the Volga.

Installed in 1977 in Rybinsk, Volzhskaya embankment.
The author is the sculptor L. Pisarevsky.

Wine grower from Germany, Würzburg

Monument to brewers in Tomsk.

The design of the monument is based on a sketch of a postcard from the beginning of the 20th century, with which Robert Kruger, the nephew of the founder of the Tomsk brewery, congratulated the people of Tomsk on New Year and Easter.

Kazan brewer.

Brewer from Rostov-on-Don.

A tavern keeper (innkeeper) from Chelyabinsk.

Stationmaster from Mogilev.

Stationmaster from Yekaterinburg.

Lamplighter from St. Petersburg.

The lamplighter's nose shines incredibly, apparently the residents and guests of St. Petersburg do not forget to rub it, hoping for the fulfillment of desires or good luck. The sculpture is made of bronze and was unveiled on May 27, 1998. The author of the idea is St. Petersburg local historian S. Lebedev, architect V. L. Spiridonov, sculptors B. M. Sergeev and O. N. Pankratova. The sculpture is a type of lamplighter characteristic of St. Petersburg in the 19th century. A lamplighter is sitting near the house where the laboratory of the famous inventor A. N. Lodygin was located. In the same place in 1873 in St. Petersburg, for the first time in the world, an electric lantern was lit, created by Alexander Lodygin. And the first non-electric lanterns appeared in St. Petersburg in November 1706 by order of Peter I. Street lighting was monitored by lamplighters, whose duties included lighting and extinguishing lanterns, filling lanterns with combustible liquid, repairing lanterns. One lamplighter served 8-9 lamps. Lanterns were lit from August to April. In 1723, 595 street lamps worked on the streets of St. Petersburg, they were served by 64 lamplighters. By 1794, there were already 3,400 lanterns. The first models of lanterns were filled with hemp oil. In the middle of the century, kerosene lamps appeared, and in 1819 gas lamps were lit on Aptekarsky Island. With the advent of electric lamps, the profession of a lamplighter began to become obsolete.

And then there are the lamplighters.

In Tbilisi.

The colorful "Lampionist" appeared on the street of Old Tbilisi. On the territory adjacent to the “Konka” (tram), the lampionist with his own staircase will again return to his favorite business.
Sculptor Irakli Tsuladze revived an old Tbilisi tradition and returned the “Lampionist” to the residents of the capital.

From Germany.

Germany, Nuremberg.

The monument stands in the courtyard of a house in the center of Nuremberg. Until 1922, lamplighters gathered in this courtyard every evening before dispersing through the streets. The monument was erected in 1955. Sculptor Heinz Heiber.

in Brest.

Monument to the lamplighter Uncle Kolya.

The monument is located in Uzhgorod and it had a living prototype - the lamplighter "Uncle Kolya" until the beginning of the 20th century lit lanterns on the central streets of the city, carrying a ladder, a suitcase with tools, a pack of newspapers, a bottle "for warming up" and a simple snack. This briefcase still stands at the feet of the monument. Moreover, inside the hollow bronze briefcase lies a real "cheque" - a gift from the installers, Uncle Kolya. Abandoned almost secretly from the sculptor.

Washerwomen from the German city of Bendorf

Perfumer from Grasse.

The city of Grasse is generally recognized as the world capital of perfumery, it was here that the production of what we now call perfumery began in the 17th century. Once the Grasse factories supplied almost all of Europe with raw materials and perfumes.
And it all began with a tiny town of artisans involved in the manufacture of gloves. In order to somehow highlight their products, resourceful craftsmen began to impregnate leather gloves with fragrant substances to give them a pleasant smell.
Today, 60% (!!!) of the world's perfume products are produced in Grasse, as well as most of the fragrant oils that are used in the production of French perfumes. Eight of the eleven most famous fragrances in the world bloom here.Grasse is the birthplace of Chanel No. 5 perfume.And one of the places where the action of the famous novel "Perfume" by Patrick Suskind takes place.

The author of the sculpture is Tomek Kawiak. Installed in 1997.
The bronze perfumer was inspired by a 17th century engraving by Nicolas Larmessin.

Paper craftsmen from Zülpich, Germany.

Dedication to the 200th anniversary of the opening of paper workshops.

Monument to the Astrologer in Mogilev.

The bronze astrologer on the central square of Mogilev invites mortals to look into the sky more often, to think about the eternal and lofty.

They say that according to the plan of the sculptor Vladimir Zhbanov, the monument should emit a powerful light beam into space, noticeable even outside solar system. The sky from the clouds had to be cleared by volley fire systems so that the beam penetrated directly into deep space. But then either the power of the electrical substation was not enough, or Lukashenka was afraid of the influx of aliens and banned the experiment.

Now the telescope shines upwards, but not much. And around 12 chairs (according to 12 signs of the zodiac), you can sit, dream, meditate

A little more exotic

Caravaners from Uzbekistan. Samarkand

The Minnesingers were medieval German lyric poets and singers.

Fountain in Nuremberg, Germany.

Boatman from Hungary, Gyor.

Toreador or Matador (Spanish matador, lit. "one who kills bulls") - in the Spanish bullfight, the main participant who kills the bull. The monument is located on the square in Madrid.