On the Stankoff.RU website you can buy woodworking equipment from leading manufacturers: Beaver, Griggio, High Point, Mebor, Logosol, WoodTec, Taiga and others. In stock and on order more than 1566 models of woodworking equipment at the best prices. Only profitable offers with detailed descriptions and photos. Check prices with managers.

General characteristics, classification

The woodworking equipment presented in our catalog is used in carpentry and joinery, sawn timber, furniture production and other processes. The market for woodworking machines is represented by a wide range, consider their characteristics.

Machines have a different design and principle of operation. The equipment may have different dimensions and functionality. For example, for domestic tasks, mini-woodworking machines are often used, while for industrial purposes, overall installations are used. We single out the main features by which the equipment is classified:

By appointment:

• are common;
• special;
• specialized.

General type woodworking machines presented on our website are used to perform a wide range of tasks: milling, jointing, making holes, cutting wood, grooving, trimming, etc. General type equipment has a smaller feed and rotation range.

Special equipment is used in the production of windows, doors and other joinery products, including glued structures. Special woodworking machines for the home workshop are designed to perform one technological operation, therefore, only the same type of parts are processed on them (for example, a copy-milling machine is used to process the legs for carpentry chairs). Woodworking machines of a special type are capable of performing a different number of operations and are used in the production of certain products: furniture elements, etc. Specialized machines have the possibility of readjustment, therefore they are suitable for processing workpieces whose dimensions are changed by settings (edge ​​trimming, etc.).

By area of ​​application:

• general woodworking operations;
• furniture and plywood production;
• sawing wood and other operations.

Also, woodworking equipment differs in the degree of accuracy of processing: low, medium, accurate, especially accurate. The level of accuracy determines the prices of woodworking machines - the higher the accuracy, the more expensive the equipment.

According to the method of moving the workpiece and cutting tool:

• cyclic;
• walk-throughs.

The differences are that in cycle machines the movement of the tool and workpiece is carried out periodically, in continuous machines. The pass-through equipment is characterized by high productivity and is used when working with a large volume of material.

By level of mechanization:

• mechanized, semi-mechanized;
• automatic, semi-automatic.

By the number of working spindles:

• one, two, three, four;
• multi-spindle.

By number of operations:

• single and multifunctional woodworking machine;

By the number of sides available for processing:

• one-, two- and four-sided.

Technological features:

• forming chips;
• not forming chips.

Chips are formed by home sawing machines for wood of the jigsaw, band saw and circular saw types; milling: tenon-cutting, jointing, milling types; grinding, drilling, turning, grooving installations. Machine tools that do not form chips are most often used in furniture production.

According to the purpose and execution of the cutting tool:

• circular and band saws;
• milling and longitudinal milling;
• drilling-milling and drilling;
• tenoning and slotting;
• turning and grinding.

By type of working bodies:

• basic;
• auxiliary.

During operation, interaction occurs between the workpiece and the working body.

The main organs intended for material processing:

• cutting tools;
• feed mechanisms;

Subsidiary bodies are intended to:

• settings and loading and unloading of materials;
• workpiece basing and control over operations.

In addition to the main and auxiliary working bodies, the composition of the machine may include additional supporting elements and mechanisms (transmission, motor, etc.). Woodworking machines for the home, which you can see on our website, have fewer additional elements than machines designed for use on a production scale.

The function of the motor mechanisms is to actuate the feeding and cutting tools. This group includes drives of hydraulic, electric and pneumatic types. The purpose of transmission mechanisms is to transmit movement from motor mechanisms, these are gearboxes, etc.

The supporting elements of the machines are: tables, beds, etc.

According to the degree of automation, automatic, semi-automatic and in-line equipment are distinguished.

Flow equipment is a system that includes several working units that perform individual technological operations. For example, you can buy a woodworking machine flow type for the production of veneer, all stages at the plant are carried out in a conveyor order: cutting, planing, drying and sorting.

According to the type of execution, manual and desktop machines for wood are distinguished. The simplest device is manual woodworking machines. Automatic systems do all the work in automatic mode: from moving to loading material. Semi-automatic woodworking household machines require partial individual maintenance.

Machine indexing

Manufacturers of woodworking machines apply special designations to the equipment, by which it is possible to determine its type and purpose. Indexing consists of several letters, the first indicates the type of equipment, the subsequent letters indicate the main technological purpose of the machine:

L - tape, C - planing, U - universal, SF - planing and planing, Lu - peeling, ShlD - grinding and disc, SD - double-sided tenoning machine, TchN - sharpening for knives, NF - scissors for cutting veneer, etc. d. There are hundreds of machines on the market different type and destination, and each woodworking equipment has its own special indexing. The indexing of machine tools equipped with automation elements includes the letter A. According to the level of automation, woodworking equipment of in-line, automatic and semi-automatic types is distinguished.

The main parameters of woodworking equipment are indicated by numbers after the first letter (or located between the letters). For example, S2F0 is a jointer with two cutting elements (horizontal and vertical types). The serial number of the machine is indicated by a number that comes immediately after the hyphen: SF4-4 is the fourth model, SR-5 is the fifth model, etc.

Structural components of machine tools

Machines are divided into two parts:

• main;
• auxiliary.

The main parts are the bed and support, the working tool and the engine, the table, and the engine mechanism.

Auxiliary parts are devices of pressing and guiding types, devices for starting the operation of equipment, a mechanism for feeding blanks, etc. All elements that a woodworking machine for home is equipped with are divided depending on the functions performed.

The bed is the base of the machine equipment, a tool for woodworking is attached to it, as well as body parts and components of the installation: nodes, traverses, main and additional mechanisms, control devices, etc. The frame does not move, it must have high strength and stability, as it takes all the physical stress on itself.

For the manufacture of frames are used different materials: cast iron, sheet or profile metal, etc. For example, many 3D woodworking machines have a frame made of durable sheet metal.

Tables - this element is necessary for the location, support and movement of workpieces. There are several types of work tables depending on the design and execution: mobile and inclined, mobile and fixed, carousel, etc.

Spindles and shafts - the function of these elements is to fasten and ensure the movement of the cutting tool: drills, knives, cutters, etc. The elements have different position in relation to the cutting tool (rotary, reciprocating, etc.), and their design is determined by the type of machine and woodworking tool.

Elements of CNC machines for woodworking are classified into:

• basic;
• auxiliary.

Elements of the main type are designed to perform wood processing operations and supply blanks to the working tool: conveyor, shafts, etc. Auxiliary elements are necessary to solve such tasks as setting up the machine, removing waste, sharpening cutting tools, etc.

Woodworking machines can be equipped with the following devices:

• nutritious - used to feed material into the machine;
• removable - for removing blanks and stacking them;
• sharpening - designed for sharpening tools directly on the machine;
• tuning - with the help of these devices, the position of the supporting and guiding elements in relation to the cutting tool changes.

To remove the waste generated during the processing of wood, special receivers are used, which are attached to the pipeline. Through the receivers, chips, wood dust and other waste are removed, and their subsequent removal from the workshop.

In order to extend the life of the tool for wood and ensure the normal performance of all technological operations, the rubbing surfaces of the installations must be regularly lubricated. This function is performed by lubricating devices: syringes, oilers, etc.

lumber cutting process

There are two ways to cut material:

• approaching the cutting tool to the material (this method is used on face and chain slotting models);
• supply of material to the cutting tool (longitudinally milling machines).

To ensure the correct supply of material, woodworking machines are equipped with guide rulers, shoes, clamps and other elements. To reduce vibration, the working material is pressed against the base of the ruler with clamps that securely fix it. Clamps are made in the form of tapes or V-belts. To increase safety when performing operations on a woodworking machine, the equipment is equipped with special safety elements: covers, protective covers, caps, etc. These devices protect the operator from accidental contact with rotating machinery.

The equipment controls include levers, buttons, switches, etc. Modern installations are equipped with control panels, with which it is very convenient to set basic commands. The new CNC woodworking machine allows you to set commands through a computer. If you want to buy a wood tool, make your choice in specialized companies which will offer a wide range of modern equipment. We add that when choosing, you need to focus on the price of woodworking machines, purpose, functionality, dimensions, etc.

The main methods of processing timber

There are an impressive number of ways to process natural wood:

• saw cut. It is carried out with special saws that are present in the design of woodworking equipment. Saws carry out rectilinear, rotational or reciprocating movements for subsequent cutting of wooden logs;
• planing. It is carried out using special planing machines, the cutting knives of which are most often fixed, and it is the workpiece that is being processed that comes into motion. It is also possible to reciprocate the knives, which allows you to cut a thin top layer of wood;
• milling. It is carried out using shaped cutters, rotating cutters or straight knives;
• peeling. It is the process of cutting chips of the same thickness from the surface of a tree. Obtaining a transverse continuous chip in the form of a thin veneer is carried out only after preliminary steaming of the material being processed;
• drilling. It is carried out using special drills on drilling and grooving and drilling equipment;
• chiselling. It is carried out using slotting machines or special slotting tools. The main task this wood processing process is to obtain holes in its structure, which are necessary for the installation of subsequent connections;
• grinding. It is a procedure for cleaning and polishing the surface of wood using granular abrasive materials. They can be special skins on a paper or fabric basis, discs or circles.

The method of processing timber is determined primarily by the scope of the enterprise, as well as the purpose of further use of the obtained materials. It is on the basis of this that the optimal ways of processing wood using one or another type of woodworking machine are determined.

Woodworking machines from the company Stankoff.RU

In the assortment of Stankoff.RU you can find the widest selection of equipment designed not only for the production of various products and products from natural wood, but also for the production of lumber and wood semi-finished products. The prices for woodworking machines presented in our catalog are among the most affordable, thanks to which cooperation with us will be beneficial for both large manufacturing enterprises, and for small companies engaged in the individual manufacture of furniture.

In addition to professional equipment used in the production and processing of timber on a large scale, you can also find compact and functional devices on our website that can be used for domestic purposes. The small dimensions of such installations can significantly save the space they occupy, while the available functions expand the possibilities for performing certain tasks in everyday life. Here you can find cutting, assembly, bending, finishing and gluing machines with a high level of functionality and competitive prices.

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With good equipment, complex technological processes become available. Specialized equipment with electric drive greatly simplifies the processing of wood blanks. But its acquisition is associated with significant investments. To solve this problem successfully, you should carefully study the materials of this article. Here is how to create functional woodworking machines for your home workshop.

Some samples of homemade equipment in their own way consumer characteristics nothing better than the factory

Before proceeding directly to the technical equipment, a few general remarks should be made on the relevant specialized room:

• It is convenient when the workshop is located in a separate building. This implies sufficient space, the absence of unnecessary worries, the possibility of full equipment and other engineering systems.
• If the room is located in, or the basement, it must be well isolated from the living area.
• The area of ​​a standard workshop should not be less than 6-7 sq.m. Height - sufficient for free passage and the maximum level of the raised tool (from 2.5 m and more).
• High-quality systems of ventilation, heating, lighting will be useful here. Each engineering system should be considered separately to avoid excessive costs during operation.
• Make sure that there is enough electrical power for all woodworking machines for the home workshop.

For your information! If the equipment has electronic components, special circuit breakers will come in handy to prevent damage by voltage surges, protective grounding. It is necessary to ensure that the network parameters correspond to the characteristics of power units (220 V, one phase; 380 V, three phases).

The use of such a source will reduce fatigue and help maintain good vision. It is preferable to install an LED fixture. It does not heat up the surrounding space like a conventional incandescent lamp. Unlike the gas-discharge analogue, it is difficult to damage it by mechanical action.

Woodworking machines for the home workshop and special fixtures: basic definitions, manufacturing techniques

• Each machine is designed to perform a limited set of work operations with workpieces of certain sizes.
• As a rule, specialized equipment is more convenient to work with compared to universal models.
• It will be easier to make a woodworking machine with your own hands if you first make an exact list of requirements for its characteristics. Excessive power is not required. The required torque can be provided using a gearbox.
• Similarly, by setting the appropriate transmission mechanism, change the speed of rotation of the working shaft. For more precise processing, smooth adjustment of this parameter in a wide range is useful.
• To reduce costs, you can use an electric motor drill with a broken body in the design, and other working parts of failed equipment.
• The most complex mechanical and electronic components will have to be purchased separately. The costs of reproducing some technologies at home exceed the cost of finished products.
• The service life of electrically driven equipment will be increased if it is protected from excessive loads. In particular, it is useful to equip with automatic equipment that turns off the power when the engine overheats.

Important! Safety issues should not be neglected. Drive pulleys are covered with casings. Sheets of transparent plastic are installed in front of working tools.

For the rational use of free space, wall and ceiling shelves, racks, hooks and special holders are useful. The exact installation site of the respective ones is chosen taking into account the peculiarities of technological processes, the placement of machines and workbenches.

Related article:

Our review will help you choose and make homemade machines and fixtures for your home workshop, as well as understand the technology of their manufacture.

Creating a wood lathe for a home workshop

The technical data of the respective products, together with descriptions, can be found on the Internet.

The main part is the frame (1). Other parts of the product are attached to it. It provides not only the integrity of the power frame, but also good stability on the surface. The carpentry machine is designed to process relatively light workpieces, so this part can be made from hardwood.

In the central part there is a support with a stand for a hand tool (2). Instead, a holder for rigid fixation of the instrument can be installed. The workpiece is fixed between the front (3) and rear (4) headstock. It is rotated by an electric motor (6). To change the torque on the axis in this design, a belt drive and a pulley (5) are used. The caliper and tailstock move horizontally along a special shaft (7), which is installed inside the frame.

Important! These drawings can be used to manufacture an existing machine. Please note that all dimensions here are in inches.

This project can be used to make a do-it-yourself wood lathe. It is only necessary to supplement it with a special device, which is designed to consistently create identical products.

To fix it in the right place, you need to make a special stand. In this example, 10 mm plywood was used, from which a platform with dimensions of 480 × 180 mm was cut. The given dimensions can be changed, taking into account the actual parameters. Holes in plywood are cut out so that fixing bolts and tools pass through them. For rigid fixation along the contour of the site, wooden bars are fixed with screws.

This design attracts with simplicity, accessibility constituent parts, reasonable cost. But there are some disadvantages to be noted:

• You will have to use two hands to move the cutter. This is necessary to generate sufficient force and prevent jamming.
• The minimum radius along which the bends of parts will be created is limited by the diameter of the tool (cutter).
• To process blanks from different breeds tree requires precise adjustment of the shaft speed, and in this example this possibility is not provided.

This example explains that even the time-tested and practical experience the design, with a careful study of the equipment and the technological process, can be improved.

Do-it-yourself homemade wood lathe: video with instructions and comments from the author of the project

How to make an inexpensive homemade wood lathe with your own hands

With the help of this DIY woodworking kit, it will not be difficult to make it. Such a bed can be fixed on a wooden or metal base. The exact parameters of the headstock are selected taking into account the dimensions and seats of the engine mounts. More than enough will be the power parameters of the electric motor from. For carpentry equipment of this type, power from 250-300 kW is enough, if it is transferred to the shaft using a gearbox (pulley).

The last example needs to be studied in more detail. By choosing the right tool with an electric drive, you can get the necessary power, rotation speed. A standard chuck is useful for reliable and fast clamping of the workpiece. IN modern technology This type provides protection against overheating, dust ingress into the case. High-quality switches, effective isolation are installed here. This drawing alone is enough to understand how to make a lathe yourself.

Making cutters for a wood lathe from improvised materials

Files, saws, wrenches, and other items made from tool steel will do. It is easier to process square-shaped workpieces (in section). You should make sure that there are no cracks or other defects that reduce strength. For rigid fixation of through cutters, the machine must be equipped with a special holder.

Important components for a DIY stationary circular saw

In this equipment, the table performs the most important functions, so its parameters must be studied with special attention. It is installed with drive mechanisms, elements of the power and control circuit. It must be sized for the weight of the built-in components and wood pieces. We must not forget that during operation there will be static and dynamic loads, vibrations.

When specifying the parameters of the machine, the following factors should be taken into account:

• For this equipment, the power of the power unit must be at least 0.85 kW.
• When calculating the design, it is necessary to check the height of the protruding edge of the disk. It will determine the maximum depth of cut.
• The minimum speed of rotation of the working shaft is limited to 1.5 thousand revolutions per minute. It is desirable to increase it so that during the execution of work operations the color of the wooden blank does not change.

Description of an inexpensive circular saw from a grinder with your own hands

As in the previous example, when creating such a machine, you can simplify the solution of the problem using standard power tools.

The drive with the cutting disc is fixed on the rotary rocker. To facilitate physical effort - install a spring, or counterweight. Tool movement is only allowed in the vertical direction along an arc. This design is mobile. It can be installed indoors and outdoors on a suitable base. If necessary, the grinder can be dismantled. It is fixed with screw connecting elements on a damping wooden (rubber) gasket.

Do-it-yourself bed for an angle grinder: drawings, videos, an algorithm for manufacturing individual parts and assembly:

Advantages and process of creating a simple wood milling machine for a home workshop

This equipment is used for cutting grooves according to given dimensions and accurate drilling at different angles. With it, you can quickly remove a quarter, create a recess in a workpiece of a certain shape. Even without a detailed explanation, it is clear that such opportunities will be useful to the owner of a private house. It remains to figure out how to make a homemade milling machine for wood. Will such a solution be economically viable, or is it more profitable to purchase factory-made equipment?

The answers to the questions raised can be given after a detailed study of the relevant structures.

In the central part of the table, a power unit is installed that rotates the cutter. With the help of clamps and other devices, the workpiece is fixed in the desired position and moved along a given trajectory. Such workplace equipped with a dust extraction system.

To eliminate errors during the implementation of the project, pay attention to the individual parameters of the structural elements:

• A table for performing work operations is created in a stationary version. Its dimensions and load capacity will be determined taking into account the characteristics of the processed samples.
• Experts recommend installing screw regulators in the lower parts of the supports. With their help, you can establish the exact horizontal position of the structure, even on uneven surfaces.
• The power frame can be assembled from steel pipes (rectangular profiles). For the manufacture of countertops, a high-quality and fairly thick chipboard is suitable. A thin sheet of metal will vibrate, which will degrade the processing accuracy.
• If you choose a motor with a power of 500-900 W, the capabilities of the cutter will only be enough to remove thin layers, creating relatively small depressions.
• When installing a 900-1900 W power unit, more complex operations are permissible. However, some difficulties are acceptable when processing hardwood blanks.
• In powerful machines (more than 2000 W), you can install cutters of any type. Such equipment belongs to the professional level. It is designed for long-term operation without overheating the motor.
• For the manufacture of a mounting plate through which the engine is attached to the tabletop, you can use a sheet of fiberglass, metal.
• To ensure good visibility in the working area, a backlight is mounted above the table.

The following table provides information on how much a manual wood milling machine costs in the domestic market.

Brand/model, photo	Power, W	Maxi- low spindle speed rpm	Price, rub.	Notes
PROMA/ SF-40	1500	24000	17500-18900	It is intended for creation of grooves, folding, milling.
Encore/ Corvette-82	1500	2400	14200-15900	Distinctive design elements: an angle stop with a scale that simplifies processing at a certain angle; side supports for holding large workpieces.
Proxxon/ MT 400	100	25000	14200-15700	Compact lightweight model with low power motor. Designed for processing small pieces of soft wood.
PROMA/TFS-120	5500	9000	175000-183000	Professional level equipment. It is connected to a three-phase network 380 V. Suitable for equipping specialized woodworking enterprises.
X-CUT/ XC-3040	800	24000	188000-196000	Compact machine with numerical control (CNC). For convenience of management it is equipped with the portable panel. Downloading new programs from a computer is permissible using a "flash drive".

The feasibility of implementing a do-it-yourself CNC milling machine project

The use of program control allows you to create large series of parts with high accuracy, to perform unique and especially careful processing. To start a new technological process, it is enough to download a new program and click the “Start” button. Simple and complex tasks will be performed by the wood milling machine automatically, without user intervention and control. This technique eliminates operator errors and ensures the highest quality.

The advantages of this class of equipment are obvious. It remains to find out whether it is possible to create a CNC machine for wood with your own hands. Below are the features of this class of equipment:

• It will be necessary to ensure the possibility of moving the cutter horizontally in all directions. This will require not only the appropriate design of the mounts, but also additional electric motors.
• Accurate positioning of the tool is provided with the help of sensors, stepper motors.
• It will take software, which will control the movement of the cutter, perform control functions.

Important! Even if there is detailed description and drawings of a CNC milling machine for wood with your own hands will be very difficult to make.

How to make your own cutters for woodworking machines

To create silent products, you will need blanks made of durable, resistant to high temperature and strong mechanical influences of tool steel. Damaged drills, fittings, rods will do. The required shape can be created using a diamond disc, which is installed in a grinding machine. Edge sharpening is performed at an angle of 7 to 10 degrees. Too narrow a working part will quickly be damaged even when processing soft wood.

Drawings and recommendations for creating a do-it-yourself thicknessing machine

High-quality reproduction of this type of processing requires considerable effort. Therefore, it is recommended to use a three-phase electric motor with a power of 5 kW or more with maximum speed rotor rotation from 4.5 thousand rpm.

The shaft (1) with one or more knives is rotated by an electric motor (4), two pulleys and a belt. To press and move the workpiece, rollers (2, 3) and a manual drive with a chain mechanism are installed here. The design is assembled on a solid frame made of steel corners.

Taking into account personal preferences, it is not difficult to prepare do-it-yourself thicknesser drawings. To correct the technical characteristics, the volume of future work, the parameters of the blanks, and the size of the room are taken into account.

Making a functional thickness gauge from an electric planer with your own hands

You can quickly and inexpensively make a machine based on a standard electrically driven tool.

The picture shows that the power tool is fixed above the workpiece in a special frame. They provide the possibility of moving it in the longitudinal and transverse directions with strict preservation of the angle of 90° between them. A modern planer is equipped with a special outlet for connecting a vacuum cleaner. Therefore, there will be no problems with waste disposal.

The technology of creating a grinding machine for wood with your own hands

This equipment performs its functions using rigid shafts and flexible cloths with abrasive applied to the surface, brushes and other special tools.

For the manufacture of household-level equipment, it is recommended to choose a relatively simple one. It can be created independently after determining the required length, taking into account the exact location of the supporting rollers. The following algorithm is applied:

• The width of the tape is set from 15 to 25 cm.
• Strips are cut from a suitable grit of sandpaper.
• They are glued to a flexible base of dense material end-to-end, without large seams.
• Prevent slippage of the belt by increasing the diameter of the support rollers in the central part by a few millimeters. It is also useful to install a layer of rubber on them.

Article

* Calculations use average data for Russia

We have repeatedly written about how to open a business related to the production of toys, including toys made from natural materials and, in particular, from wood. The relevance of this business idea not only does not decrease. On the contrary, the difficult economic situation in the country, the sharp rise in the exchange rate and the restriction of imported products - all this leads to a revival for almost forgotten traditions and to increase interest in domestic games and toys.

Wooden toys are popular not only in our country. They are one of the oldest and most enduring groups of games and toys in the world. However, at present their production in Russia is rather poorly developed. There are several relatively small enterprises operating on the market and individual entrepreneurs. In total, the total number of factories and individual workshops is a little over thirty for the whole country (!). For comparison, several hundred factories (including large enterprises with a large number of employees) and thousands of artistic woodworking enthusiasts are engaged in the production of wooden toys in Europe.

In our country, the wooden toy market is dominated by imported products, mainly made in China. Moreover, most of the Chinese toys are different poor quality and not the greatest variety of forms. According to analysts, today there are good prerequisites for new market participants to enter the market. These include the rapidly growing volume of sales of children's goods in our country and, first of all, children's toys (an increase of about 28%), which, in turn, is associated with an increase in the birth rate, an increase in interest in the early development of children (which is impossible without high-quality and pedagogically “correct” toys) and consumer preference for products that are safe and of high quality (even if they have to pay a higher price than the market average). As mentioned above, even the crisis had little effect on this market segment. Rather the opposite. Parents are the last to agree to save on their children, but the economic situation forces them to look for alternatives to imported toys that have risen in price among products. domestic production. Wooden toys are durable and long lasting. High-quality wood products are completely safe for children, perform the function of educational toys and are considered original gift for any reason.

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However, the business of manufacturing toys in general, and wooden toys in particular, cannot be called simple. The manufacturer needs not only the ability to develop an original concept for their products, establish production, find the best balance between price and quality of goods, but also beat other competitors, create and implement an effective campaign to promote their toys. Moreover, it is the latter tasks that are the most difficult to solve. The very same technology for manufacturing wooden toys, as it is believed, is relatively simple and does not require large investments.

Organization of the production of wooden toys

In order to organize your own small enterprise for the manufacture of games and toys made of wood, you will first need a separate production room. It is best to break the room into several production areas, isolated from one another. In one of these zones, artists will work who create sketches of future toys, in others manufacturing process: woodworking, painting, assembly and packaging of toys. The workshop also needs to be supplied with electricity and water supply.

Finding a place is not a problem. For starters, you can get by with even a small area. Someone opens production in a garage or in a summer cottage. But with the equipment, the issue is more complicated. It is widely believed that for the manufacture of wooden toys, general-purpose woodworking machines will be enough. The minimum list includes a chisel and four machines - grinding, drilling, edge banding, CNC milling, painting equipment, packaging equipment (however, you can also pack products manually). Consumables for the manufacture of toys - linden, birch, spruce, pine, beech (the strongest, but at the same time the most expensive raw material). Different types of wood are purchased in different regions of our country. For example, beech is imported from Krasnodar Territory, and birch - from the middle lane. For painting, only high-quality paints are used, which are completely safe for children. However, with them, too, not everything is so simple. There are no more than three domestic manufacturers of completely safe paints in our country. In addition, they do not offer real paints, but rather tinted oils with natural waxes. Although these compounds are completely safe for children, their covering ability leaves much to be desired. Such paints, although environmentally friendly, are too transparent. It would seem that that's all the costs.

The problem is that not everything can be made on a conventional woodworking machine. Of course, if you are going to produce standard products (cubes, balls, counting sticks, etc.), then a four-sided thickness gauge, trimming with a fine cutter, a lathe copier or a template knife for a conventional lathe, screw-cutting lathe will be enough. But for the manufacture of complex author's (and, therefore, exclusive) toys, special equipment will be required, including machines for high-quality processing of small parts of complex geometric shapes. Unfortunately, there are no domestic machines of this type, in principle. Even in Soviet times When the production of wooden toys was put on stream, thirty machine-building plants of the Glavdrevstankoprom of the USSR Minstankoprom were unable to produce all the machine tools necessary for the industry. By the way, world-famous Soviet matches and ice cream sticks, which were produced at the Tsentrmebeli enterprises, were made on Swedish equipment.

Ready-made ideas for your business

The technological process for the production of wood products suggests that the smaller it is, the more difficult it is to make. Especially if we are talking about large circulations of manufactured products. In the West, even robots are used to make complex wooden toys. Of course, we are still far from such technologies. Most small workshops manage with the simplest and cheapest general-purpose machines. And they can make complex products, but this requires qualified and experienced craftsmen. Unfortunately, there are very few such specialists in our country. In addition, hand-made toys are labor-intensive and therefore cost much more than factory-made ones. It is difficult for them to compete with products made in the countries of Southeast Asia, where global toy production is gradually moving. Chinese factories are constantly upgrading equipment and improving the quality of their products. These factories can employ thousands of workers, engineers and designers. Domestic craftsmen never dreamed of such scales. Russian manufacturers wooden toys, on the one hand, they are trying to revive the traditions that existed earlier during tsarist Russia and later the USSR, but do not yet have the opportunity to implement their ambitious projects. The problem, as usual, is money. Everyone is trying to solve it in their own way. Some companies move production to China, while others simplify the toys they produce in shape or choose one direction for work (for example, the production of designers from geometric shapes), which allows the use of cheaper woodworking equipment. Both options are suitable for organizing mass production.

Handicraft workshops, on the other hand, rely on the exclusive - handmade, complex shapes, careful study of each toy and a limited assortment. This is how extraordinary products are born. True, the prices for these products cannot be called ordinary either. For example, a detailed wooden doll 45 cm in size will cost about 8-10 thousand rubles. How many parents can buy such toys for their children? The entrepreneurs themselves say that with the right positioning, there will always be demand for exclusives, no matter what price they ask for. However, such production can hardly be called profitable: with small batches, even a large margin does not save the situation.

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There are also medium options, when a small workshop produces small and not very complex, but, nevertheless, author's toys. Their cost is comparable to the cost of high-quality factory-made plastic toys. Parents are usually willing to overpay a little for environmental friendliness and originality of the toy.

Large companies rely on ease of manufacture, the absence of small parts that a child could break off from a toy, and bright design that attracts the attention of children. Small firms as their own competitive advantage call an unusual design, muted colors (pastel colors), a "souvenir" orientation of their products and a limited edition.

Regardless of how much you produce your products, you will need special computer programs that will make it much easier and easier to create original models of toys and put them into production.

Documents for the production of children's toys

All toys intended for children must be certified. This procedure is mandatory and serves as a confirmation of product quality. In addition, for the production and further sale of children's toys in Russia, it will be necessary to issue a hygiene certificate - the so-called sanitary and epidemiological conclusion (SEZ). Although according to the law, you first need to issue a free economic zone, and only then go through the procedure for mandatory product certification, nevertheless, authorized organizations operating on the principle of "one stop shop" usually draw up both documents at the same time.

What exactly belongs to the category "toys for children"? The main distinguishing feature of children's toys is their play purpose. They should be designed for children's play activities. Please note: products with a developmental or educational purpose (puzzles, strategy games, musical instruments etc.), puppets, souvenirs, equipment for sports games are not children's toys. All children's toys can be classified according to: the age of the child (for newborns, for infants of 3-4 months, for children of 1-2 years, etc.); manufacturing material (plastic, rubber, fur, wood, combined); educational purpose (sound, musical, visual, motor, constructive, figurative); device: electric (a certificate is issued for children's toys in accordance with GOST R 51557-99 and other regulatory documents), soft, simple (cubes), mechanical, collapsible (designers), on wheels (cars), inflatable (balls, balls ); appearance: puppets depicting people, animals, other creatures, imitation weapons, toy cars, toy objects (pots and plates, toy cell phones and glasses), musical instruments, etc.

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A certificate for children's toys is issued if the products comply with the mandatory requirements specified in the following standards: GOST 27178-86 Toys. Test methods; GOST ISO 8124-2-2001 Toys. General requirements safety and test methods. Flammability; GOST ISO 8124-3-2001 Toys. General safety requirements and test methods. Isolation of elements harmful to the health of the child; GOST R ISO 8124-3-99 Toys. General safety requirements and test methods. Isolation of elements harmful to the health of the child; GOST R ISO 8124-2-2008 Toys. General safety requirements. Part 2. Flammability.

When passing the certification procedure for children's toys, the material from which the products are made, the functionality of the toys, and their safety for the child are checked. Of great importance is also monitoring compliance with toys for a certain age of children. Therefore, even at the stage of developing the concept of a future toy, it is worth involving teachers and psychologists in this process. Ideally, it is best to give your products for psychological and pedagogical examination in an independent center.

The most difficult situation is with toys for children under the age of three. They must be completely safe (toddler toys should not go down the throat or twist around the neck), strong enough to exclude the possibility of pricks, cuts, designed in such a way that the child cannot tear, disassemble or bite through them. In addition, they should not have rough surfaces or sharp edges. This is especially important when it comes to wooden toys. After all, any defect in surface treatment can be fraught with a splinter or scratch. Rattles and other wooden toys intended for babies are not covered with paint and varnish, but are boiled in a mixture of wax and linseed oil - this is the safest and highest quality wood processing. Only if all these requirements are met will you be able to obtain a certificate for your toys from a certification body.

Keep in mind that you, as a manufacturer of children's toys, must ensure that not only your products, but the entire production process meets the regulatory requirements. The certificate is issued both for a certain batch of products and for the serial production of several types of toys: toy weapons, constructors and prefabricated houses, toy cars, trains (electric and non-electric, as well as accessories to them), airplanes and ships, toy watches, abacus and etc.,

toy musical instruments (pianos, pipes, drums, gramophones, harmonicas, accordions, xylophones, etc.), dolls, houses, furniture, dishes and clothes for dolls, rattles for babies, etc.

For products manufactured by you, you will need to issue Specifications(TU) and have certificates for all materials used by you in the production of children's toys. If you are planning to import your toys, it is also worth getting a quality management system certificate.

Recruiting staff

Two or three people will be enough to work in a small workshop for the production of children's toys. However, they must be masters in their field, and finding such, unfortunately, is very difficult. The tradition of making wooden toys is almost lost. Good specialists in this field are found, perhaps, in central Russia and in the north, and not in cities, but in villages and villages. If you can find woodworkers, consider yourself very lucky. Over time, the staff can be expanded (the number of employees in large workshops is 15-20 people, and this is with automated equipment), take apprentices who will learn from the masters all the intricacies of work. A good craftsman can also teach everyone at paid courses for making an author's wooden toy, which will become an additional source of income. Some workshops even arrange excursions for those who want to get acquainted with artistic woodworking and watch the work of masters. Especially such excursions are popular among foreigners.

Wooden toys are a sought-after product, but only if yours knows about you. the target audience. The difficulty lies in the fact that you will have to promote your products not only and not so much to your city or region, but to the whole country. The advertising budget in this case will be much larger. The best option promotion through the Internet. Actively engage social media, including VKontakte, Facebook, Instagram and other services. To begin with, make high-quality and beautiful pictures its products. For this, there is no need to hire professional photographer. Enough availability quality camera and good imagination. Try to take photographs that are subjective and varied. Post them regularly on social networks with various comments. They attract attention…and new subscribers (and therefore potential customers). To create original photos, you don’t need to rent a studio - prepare props (you can do it yourself) and provide good lighting. It is worth thinking about creating your own website. Moreover, this does not require large investments. It will be enough for you to have a catalog website with product photos and your contacts.

If you have enough funds, you can open your own online store. A simple option will cost 30-50 thousand rubles. It will also be possible to agree on partnerships with other online stores and regular stores that sell goods for children and, in particular, educational games. But small manufacturers of wooden toys cannot count on large retail chains. The latter take for sale only cheap products at a selling price of up to 200-300 rubles. With semi-manual labor, such a wholesale price for a toy cannot be set. But with large volumes of production, you can sell your products through wholesale companies and trade networks.

Take a look at the many projects joint purchases. The main audience for such projects is mothers with children, so high-quality wooden toys will be in high demand here. A separate group of potential buyers of such products is preschool educational institutions. It is quite difficult to work with them. They are limited in budgets and financed on a residual basis. Of course, they are unlikely to be interested in expensive exclusive toys, but educational games and various constructors will be relevant. Often, children who liked the "kindergarten" toy, then ask their parents to buy them the same home.

AND large enterprises, and small semi-handicraft workshops, experts advise not to miss the annual thematic exhibitions dedicated to goods for children and, in particular, toys. Such exhibitions are held both in Russia as a whole and abroad. The largest and most famous international exhibition of toys Spielwarenmesse takes place every year in the city of Nuremberg (Germany). Experienced entrepreneurs advise beginners to start with regional and then Russian exhibitions. And only after gaining experience and a more or less wide range of products to present their products at international exhibitions. In Europe, the traditions of making wooden toys are much better developed than in our country. Therefore, it will be quite difficult to hit the European masters. Exhibitions - The best way declare yourself, establish useful contacts, find new partners and ideas for inspiration.

To organize a small workshop, taking into account rent, preparation of premises, registration, purchase of equipment and raw materials, registration of licenses, it will take from 500-600 thousand rubles, which is a relatively small amount. Many regions have programs to support start-up entrepreneurs. For example, you can get a subsidy to reimburse a certain percentage of the cost of purchasing equipment, subsidies to reimburse part of the costs of exhibition activities, or even rent. production premises. These programs are especially relevant for entrepreneurs who invest more than 1 million rubles in their business.

Circulation finished toys, which are produced by one workshop, as a rule, small - up to 500 pieces of each item. The cost of even the most complex toys usually does not exceed 1.5-2 thousand rubles. At the same time, its selling price starts from 3 thousand rubles and above. On cheap toys, the margin is higher. With a cost of up to 100 rubles, a toy can be sold for 400-500 rubles. The payback period of a business depends on many factors. A small workshop reaches the level of self-sufficiency during the first 1.5-2 years of operation. The profitability of such a business is estimated at 18-20%. The business of manufacturing and selling wooden toys is not seasonal, but demand increases on the eve of the New Year holidays and decreases markedly by the summer.

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The manufacture of wooden windows with double-glazed windows is a complex multi-stage process, where the quality of the final result depends on the thoroughness of each technological operation. High-quality wooden windows cannot be produced in artisanal conditions; appropriate areas, technologies and, of course, modern high-performance equipment are required.

Consider the minimum required set of equipment for the manufacture of wooden windows of the highest quality.

Autoclaves

Raw wood is not a suitable material from a technological point of view, therefore, it must be dried without fail. Under-dried wood is prone to warping, redistribution of mechanical stresses inside the fibers often leads to cracks, such wood has low biological stability.

Drying of wood can be natural (atmospheric) and artificial. In the first case, the felled round timber is kept outdoors from six months to several years until excess moisture comes out of the wood fibers. In the mass production of natural wood windows, natural drying is not very popular, since it requires additional space and takes a lot of time. To reduce the technological process, wood drying in autoclaves is used.

The autoclave is a sealed drying chamber. The wood is placed in a chamber on heating plates, the necessary vacuum is created, and excess moisture quickly leaves the fibers. The degree of vacuumization and heating temperature are selected depending on the type of wood. The cycle of such drying, depending on the quality of the source material, is only a few days.

After drying, the residual moisture is controlled by special moisture meters, and the material is transferred to the next technological operation.

Sawing equipment

After the drying chambers, the round timber goes to sawing at the so-called sawmills, which in essence are band sawing or milling machines. The sawmill must be selected taking into account the features of the technological cycle. That is, if the workshop constantly works with thick trunks of hardwood, then the equipment must be chosen with a more powerful, reinforced design.

The sawmill allows you to get blanks and semi-finished products from round timber for a further technological cycle: lamellas, boards, veneer, timber, etc.

Planing equipment

Lamellas obtained on sawing equipment have insufficiently accurate shapes and sizes. In order to finalize such a semi-finished product, longitudinal planing machines are used. The purpose of the longitudinal gouging is to give the workpieces a higher geometric accuracy and surface roughness, incoming for gluing.

Pneumatic or hydraulic presses

After the lamellas are planed, they must be glued into a beam. The slats are stacked in a package, taking into account the multidirectionality of the fibers. This mutual arrangement makes it possible to compensate for the stresses inside the fibers that occur under the influence of changes in relative humidity and temperature. The slats are coated with a special adhesive and placed under a press so that gluing takes place under constant pressure. In serial and mass production of wooden windows, pneumatic or hydraulic presses are used. In a single production of wooden windows, it is enough hand press with screw drive. Under pressure, the lamellas are kept until the adhesive is completely dry, after which the glued laminated timber enters the machining area.

It is necessary to glue the lamellas into a beam no later than 24 hours from the moment of their gouging. Otherwise, the natural pores of the wood are covered with resins and clogged with dust, which adversely affects the adhesive properties of the adhesive.

For complete polymerization of the adhesive after pressing, the timber must be aged for 48 hours at a temperature environment not less than +15°С.

Machining centers

This type of equipment is more "intelligent". Machines for the production of wooden windows are automatic numerical control (CNC), work according to the program without the direct participation of the operator (who is nearby as an observer to intervene in the process in case of an emergency).

Typically, woodworking centers are designed to perform several technological tasks. A machining center usually consists of several modules. On the tenon-cutting module, blanks from a bar are faceted, grooves and lugs are milled on them to connect individual blanks into a single frame. To create polygonal windows, workpieces are machined at an angle. On the profiling module, the inner profile of the future window frame and the outer contour are milled.

After milling, the beam enters the assembly area, where it is glued into frames and sashes by means of an adhesive composition and transferred to grinding machines.

Machine tools for the manufacture of wooden windows with numerical control are by no means cheap. If you want to save money, one CNC machine can be replaced with two universal ones: trimming and milling machines, but in this case the technological process will take more time.

Grinding machines

Surface grinding of future wooden windows is carried out on belt sanders with a movable table. Machine grinding allows you to flatten surfaces, calibrate dimensions and improve surface roughness. On grinding machines, preliminary and intermediate (after correcting the defects that have been revealed on the wood) grinding is carried out. The final sanding of frames and sashes of wooden windows is usually done by hand.

After the wooden window is finally sanded, it is transferred to the varnishing area.

Painting equipment

The set of equipment for applying paint and varnish coatings on wooden windows is largely determined by production volumes. For small volumes, baths can be used, and frames and sashes can be painted by dipping. In serial or mass production, various spray guns or special ink chambers are usually used.

The performance of atomizers depends on the operating pressure and air flow. Usually, to paint wooden windows, high (4-6 atm), low (2-2.5 atm) and very low pressure (up to 1.5 atm) equipment is used.

A specialized paint booth includes not only a module for applying paint, but also provides a constant temperature and humidity regime, technological drying of painted products and maintains the required level of ventilation.

In matters of painting wooden windows and doors, paint booths are the most productive equipment, but they also have a corresponding cost.

Assembly area

After painting, individual parts of wooden windows are delivered to the assembly area. Assembly is done manually using power tools (drills, screwdrivers, etc.).

Of course, in order to establish the production of modern windows from natural wood, it is not necessary to purchase the entire range of equipment for the production of wooden windows. Quite often, manufacturers resort to the so-called cooperation, when part technological processes performed by a third-party contractor (for example, the manufacture of a three-layer beam).

Modern equipment carpentry production consists of many mechanisms. Their diverse functions allow the production of a wide range of products and parts made of wood. Specialized carpentry equipment improves the quality of processing, as many characteristics of the material and the future product are taken into account.

Types of carpentry equipment

Among the mechanisms there are highly specialized, created for production in the workshop, and there are universal multifunctional mini-machines of a wide range:

• household universal: mini-devices are designed for processing wooden products with your own hands at home or on personal plot. Therefore, one mini-machine performs several operations;
• multifunctional for the carpentry workshop: designed for small-scale production, includes several functions;
• turning: for the manufacture of wood parts by turning, including compact mini-machines;
• milling: windows, doors are made on them;
• thicknessing boards: plan the board and boards to the required thickness and length;
• copy-milling: on them at home you can make products of complex shapes with your own hands;
• planer: planes blanks on one side;
• planer-thickness planer: combines the functions of planer and planer mechanisms;
• grinding: used for grinding the surfaces of shields, solid wood products;
• circular saws (circular): with their own hands they cut sawn timber longitudinally, transversely and at an angle;
• drilling and groove: put grooves on the surface and make holes;
• vertical band saws: they cut trunks into boards, cut wood boards using band saws;
• trimming: they cut long workpieces to the desired size, clean up the defects left in the manufacture of furniture, there are mini-modifications;
• round-stick: from a rectangular beam, round-section parts are made on them with their own hands (shanks for shovels, garden tools);
• tenon-cutting: perform spikes that are used to assemble the product.

The carpentry equipment of each type has design and functional features.

Multifunctional machines

Universal equipment allows you to do it yourself sawing, planing, drilling and milling workpieces from wood and wood-based panels at home or at work. The mini-equipment is equipped with saw blades and disc cutters, processes products at different angles, and the depth of planing and cutting is adjustable.

Household universal mini-machines for workshops at home are made desktop, they are compact and lightweight. Mini-devices have weaker technical characteristics than equipment for small-scale workshops.

Table 1. Comparison of the characteristics of universal woodworking mechanisms

Wood lathes

On turning devices, parts of a cylindrical, shaped or conical shape are made from wood of various densities. Lathes are often used in medium-sized workshops and at home (mini models). In order to make completely identical parts with your own hands, the equipment is supplemented with a copier with shaped equipment.

Turning devices are characterized by the main parameters:

• length and height of the processed workpiece;
• spindle speed;
• electric motor power;
• dimensions;
• mass.

Milling and copy-milling machines



On milling equipment at home and in production, wooden blanks are processed by the method of planar, shaped, profile cutting. Mechanisms are controlled automatically (CNC) or manually. They are used in furniture production, in woodworking workshops, speeding up and facilitating the processing of raw materials.

Criterias of choice:

• engine power;
• the number of revolutions of the spindle;
• tenoning carriage device;
• weight and dimensions.

The carriage can be located at the end or on the front side. End placement is more convenient for work, frees up more space on the work surface for the workpiece.

One of the main functions of milling machines is longitudinal profile planing. To change the profile, the cutter on the spindle changes.

On a universal copy-milling machine at home, you can make exact copies of sculptures, details with a flat and three-dimensional relief: for example, decorative panels or panels with a shallow pattern. The technique of long-length wood carving makes it possible to decorate rifle butts, railing balusters, and furniture elements with ornaments.

Any copier works according to a template from which the outlines of an object are taken. Using a template allows you to completely eliminate human influence on the final result. That is, all products will be exactly the same. Copy equipment can be controlled by hand or CNC.

Thicknessing and jointing-thicknessing machines

The cut lumber must be processed: remove the top layer with notches, burrs, knots, deformations. And also to give the workpiece the required size and configuration. Specialized machines for these purposes are thickness gauges, they are also planers. Universal or planer-thickness will also cope with the task.

The working surface of the thickness gauge is divided into two parts: inlet and outlet. Submission of material for processing can be manual or automatic. Before starting work in the workshop, the thickness of the future part is set.

There can be a different number of knives in the thicknessing apparatus, the more, the better the processing. Knives are placed on top, bottom or both sides.

The thickness gauge works with already planed boards, therefore they are preliminarily planed on separate equipment or a planer-thickness machine is purchased to work with an unplaned board. First, the upper, rough layer of wood is removed with their own hands, after which the thickness gauge brings the workpiece to condition.

Main technical characteristics:

• the number and location of knives;
• engine power;
• billet feed rate;
• the size of the processed blank;
• dimensions and weight.

Grinding machines



There are many types of grinding mechanisms designed for processing various surfaces:

• for flat processing: disc surface grinding works with a grinding disc mounted vertically; drum grinds wood with a belt attached to a rotating drum; grinding and calibrating;
• for round and flat internal grinding: oscillatory grind concave and round parts with a spindle on which the sanding belt is wound; edge grinders are designed for grinding countertops, boards, edges with an abrasive belt; combined work with tape and disk;
• for external processing of round and flat surfaces: belt grinding; disc grinders process round wood parts.

The main characteristics of grinding machines:

• engine power;
• type of grinding body;
• workpiece dimensions;
• angles of inclination of the working surface;
• performance;
• dimensions and weight.

Circular saws or circular saws

These devices are used for longitudinal or transverse sawing various kinds wood in production or at home in the workshop. Universal modifications are complemented by the possibility of grooving and cutting raw materials at the required angle. The name of the device comes from the shape of the working body - a circular saw.

The main scope of circular mechanisms is do-it-yourself wood processing. They are very convenient to work with a thinner. There are models with one or more working bodies.

Optionally, it can be equipped with a tenon cutter, a router, a grinding attachment, a scale and additional stops for precise cutting at an angle.

Reviews of carpentry equipment: