Routing №
for the development and backfilling of the trench
Technical map for the development of a trench
- APPLICATION AREA
- The technological map was developed for digging a trench with single-bucket excavators at overhaul main gas pipeline.
- The digging of the trench is carried out by single-bucket excavators of the Hitachi ZX-200LС-5G type.
1.3. The scope of work covered by the map includes:
- installation of excavators in the face, development of soil with laying in the dump;
- cleaning the bucket, moving the excavator in the process.
2.1. In the buffer zone of existing main gas pipelines, excavation work should be carried out only upon receipt of a written "Permit to perform work in the buffer zone of the main pipeline" from the operating organization. Performing work without a permit or with a permit that has expired is prohibited!
Without designation of existing pipelines in the work area with additional signs, maintaining construction works not allowed.
At the intersections of pipelines, install landmarks "Border of manual excavation" (step 5 meters). When performing work, one should be guided by the requirements set forth in the following regulatory documents:
- SP 36.13330.2012 Main pipelines;
- SP 86.13330.2014 Main pipelines. Rules for the production and acceptance of work.
- SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction;
- VSN 004 -88 Construction of main pipelines. Technology and organization.
- STO Gazprom 2-2.3-231-2008 "Rules for the performance of work during the overhaul of the linear part of the main gas pipelines";
- "Safety Rules for the Operation of Trunk Oil Pipelines";
- "Safety Rules for the Operation of Trunk Oil Pipelines".
2.2. Before starting work, the following work must be completed:
- held preparatory work(removal of the fertile soil layer or clearing the route from forest vegetation);
- the axis of the trench was broken and fixed on the ground;
- the excavator was delivered to the work site.
- Develop a trench with an excavator while moving the excavator axis and along the edge of the trench.
2.4 The soil taken out of the trench is placed in the dump on one side no closer than 0.5 m from the edge of the trench.
- The trench is developed by single-bucket excavators of the Hitachi ZX-200LC-5G type, and is opened from both sides below the generatrix of the pipe, at least 1 m.
- A trench in rocky soils is developed as follows:
– preliminary loosening with a heavy bulldozer of the Komatsu 353 type with a ripper;
– soil excavation by a hydraulic excavator of the Hitachi type ZX-200LC-5G equipped with a bucket for the development of rocky soils.
- The cross profile and dimensions of the developed trench are shown in the figure. To avoid damage to the pipeline, the minimum distance between the pipe wall and the bucket of a working excavator must be at least 0.2 m.
- When operating a single-bucket excavator in straight sections in the direction of its movement, install 3 m high poles every 50-80 m, and pegs between them every 5 m. On curved sections, within the curve, along the width of the tracks or along the width of the trench, pegs should be installed on both sides every 2-5 m.
- The width of the trench along the bottom in straight sections is
where D is the diameter of the pipeline; K - bucket size, in curved sections where pipelines are mounted from bent bends, the trench width should be equal to twice the width of the trench in straight sections, in pipeline ballasting sections - 2.2Dn.
The steepness of the slopes of the trenches is given in Table No. 1. Table 1
Note. When layering various kinds soil, the steepness of the slopes for all layers is assigned according to the weakest type of soil.
- The scheme of soil placement is presented in the work organization scheme.
- When carrying out work in water-saturated soils, the pipeline should be started from low places for draining and pumping water.
- Digging a trench is performed by an excavator driver of the 6th category, an assistant driver of the 5th category. The development of the trench is carried out in the following composition:
Link composition:
table 2
| No. p / p | Profession | Discharge | Number of people | Note |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1 | Excavator driver | 6 | 3 | |
| 2 | Bulldozer driver | 5 | 1 | |
| 3 | DES-75 driver | 5 | 1 | |
| 4 | digging machine operator | 5 | 1 | When removing soil from under the pipe body when developing a trench |
| 5 | support worker | 3 | 3 | When powdering the bottom of the trench |
| TOTAL: | 9 |
The need for mechanisms, inventory and devices is given in Table 3. Table 3
3.1. Quality control when digging trenches is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:
- SNiP 3.02.01-87. Earthworks, foundations and foundations;
- SP 36.13330.2012 Main pipelines;
- VSN 012-88. Construction of main and field pipelines. Quality control and acceptance of works. Part I, P.
Operational quality control is carried out directly by performers, foremen, foremen or special controllers (surveyors).
Technical criteria for controlled processes and operations, controls and performers are given in Table 4.
Table 4
| Name of processes to be controlled | Subject of control | control tool | Control time | Responsibility controller | |
| Breakdown of the trench axis | Deviation of the staking axis from the design | Theodolite | Before the beginning | Surveyor | The deviation of the actual axis of the trench from the design should be no more than 50 mm per 1 km of track |
| trench digging | Bottom trench width | Measuring tape, theodolite, template | Periodically | Surveyor Master | Permissible deviation of half the width of the trench in relation to the staking axis: 20 cm -5 cm |
| trench depth | Rail measuring | Same | Master | Compliance with the project | |
| Marking the bottom of the trench in straight sections | Level | Periodically (after 50 m) | Master Surveyor | Permissible deviation of the actual mark of the bottom of the trench from the design: - 10 cm | |
| Marking the bottom of the trench on vertical crests | Level | Periodically (after 10 m) | Surveyor Master | Permissible deviation of the actual elevation of the trench bottom from the design |
| elastic bending | -10cm | ||||
| bottom mark trenches on vertical forced |
Level | Periodically (after 2 m) | Master Surveyor | Permissible deviation of the actual trench bottom marks from design |
|
| slope steepness | Templates | selectively | Master | Compliance with the project | |
| Trench bottom condition | Visually | selectively | Master | Smooth surface of the bottom of the trench without scallops and collapsed pound. |
- OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
4.1. When digging a trench, it is necessary to follow the safety rules
sti, set out in the following regulatory documents:
- SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;
- SNiP 12-04-2002 Labor safety in construction; Part 2 Building production;
- RD 102-011-89. Occupational Safety and Health. Organizational and methodological documents;
Safety regulations for the construction of main steel pipelines (VNIIST, Minneftegazstroy) A collection of safety instructions and recommendations for builders of oil and gas industry facilities.
- Digging a trench near the location of underground utilities should be carried out only after obtaining written permission from the organization operating these communications.
- Near the existing underground utilities, the development of soil by mechanisms should be stopped at a distance of at least two meters from the underground utilities, and in the immediate vicinity (0.5) it is allowed to develop the soil only with a shovel without the use of impact tools (crowbar, pick, pneumatic tools, etc.)
- For the descent and ascent of workers into the trench, it is necessary to use inventory ladders.
- To avoid collapse of the trench walls, the edge of the soil dump should be located at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the edge of the trench.
- The personnel servicing the machine must study it well, have a certificate for the right to drive, regularly inspect, timely troubleshoot, and perform preventive repairs.
- It is forbidden for unauthorized persons who are not directly related to its work to be on a working machine.
- In order to avoid damage to existing power lines during the construction process, security zones are installed on both sides of the outermost wires according to the table
Table 5
The operation of machines in the security zone of the power transmission line is allowed when the voltage is completely removed. The driver must be issued a work permit, issued accordingly.
4.10 Boundaries of zones in which there is a danger of defeat electric shock, regulate presented in table. 5 distances from non-shielded non-insulated parts of the electrical installation (electrical equipment, cable, wire) or from the vertical plane formed by the projection onto the ground of the nearest live overhead power line wire.
Table 6
4.11 The movement of construction machines and mechanisms under power lines is permissible only if the machine has a height from the road or ground mark of not more than 5.0 meters when moving on roads and 3.5 meters when moving on grader country roads and without roads.
- During breaks in work (regardless of the reasons and duration), move the excavator boom away from the face, and lower the bucket to the ground. The bucket can be cleaned only after lowering it to the ground and setting the brake.
- It is forbidden to be in the danger zone of a working excavator, equal to the maximum reach of the bucket plus 5.0 meters.
- When moving the excavator under its own power, the bucket must be raised to a height of no more than 0.7 meters above ground level and securely fastened against swinging, and the boom should be installed and fixed along the axis of the excavator.
- The work of earth-moving mechanisms on terrain with a transverse slope of more than 8 ° is prohibited.
- On longitudinal slopes up to 22° inclusive, it is allowed to operate a single-bucket excavator without anchoring, on longitudinal slopes up to 22° inclusive, digging trenches with a single-bucket excavator is allowed both from bottom to top and from top to bottom along the slope, on slopes of more than 22 ° - from top to bottom.
On slopes greater than 22°, excavators should be supported by movable anchors.
4.17. When working on a digging machine, before starting work, the driver must
believe:
- technical condition of the machine;
- availability and serviceability of anti- fire safety;
- power cable for external damage;
– grounding of a mobile power plant.
…………….
Technological map for backfilling the trench
- APPLICATION AREA
1.1. The technological map has been developed for backfilling the overhauled main gas pipeline.
- The technological map assumes that the trench is backfilled with non-frozen soils of natural moisture, moving them to a distance of up to 5.0 m by a bulldozer and an excavator.
- Works are carried out during the summer period in one day shift lasting 8 hours in conditions of flat and slightly rugged terrain.
- The scope of work covered by the map includes:
- bringing the excavator into working position;
- powdering the gas pipeline with soft soil;
- bringing the bulldozer into working position;
- moving soil with trench backfilling;
- compaction (ramming) of the soil with a Beldozer;
- return of the bulldozer to its original position empty;
- ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE
- 1. Backfilling of the gas pipeline should be carried out in accordance with the requirements:
- STO Gazprom 2-2.1-249-2008 "Main gas pipelines";
- SP 48.13330.2011. Organization of construction;
- SP 86.13330.2014 Main pipelines. Rules for the production and acceptance of work;
- VSN004-88. Construction of main pipelines. Technology and organization of work;
- VSN 012-88. Construction of main and field pipelines.
2.2 Before starting work on backfilling the trench with the laid pipeline, it is necessary:
- check the design position of the pipeline;
- check the integrity of the insulating coating;
- perform work to protect the insulating coating from mechanical damage;
- obtain written permission from the customer to backfill the laid pipeline and a work order for the execution of work.
- The pipeline is covered directly after the insulating and laying works.
From the beginning, the gas pipeline is backfilled with an excavator, then the pipeline is backfilled with a bulldozer along the entire length of the route. With a sufficient width of the construction strip, the soil from the dump is moved by a bulldozer across to the axis of the trench in straight passages. In the cramped conditions of the construction strip, it is advisable to move the soil with a bulldozer at an angle of 45 ° -60 ° to the axis of the trench with oblique and oblique cross passages.
The most effective is the combined backfilling method, which involves a double passage of the bulldozer: at the beginning oblique and then straight transverse.
The flowchart for backfilling the laid pipeline is shown in fig. 1.
- On curved sections, backfilling starts from the middle of the curve towards its ends.
- In areas with vertical curves (in ravines, gullies, on hills, etc.), backfilling should be done from both sides from top to bottom.
- The excess soil remaining after backfilling the pipeline is leveled in the form of a trapezoid-section roller with an overlap of at least 0.5 meters on each side of the trench edges.
- Throughout the trench, backfilling is carried out in layers of 40-50 cm with thorough compaction of the soil with rollers or several passages of a bulldozer.
- At the intersection of the trench with underground utilities, backfilling should be carried out with soft soil in layers of no more than 10 cm, carefully compacting the soil.
- Backfilling of the trench with a bulldozer is carried out by a grade 6 driver.
- In order to protect the insulating coating of the pipeline, powder should be applied to a height of at least 0.2 m from the top of the pipe with imported or soft soil mechanically loosened.
- REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS
3.1 Technological operational quality control of the backfilling of the pipeline laid in the trench is carried out during operation and consists in systematic monitoring of the compliance of the work performed with the detailed design and compliance with the requirements of the current regulatory documents:
- SP 36.13330.2012. Main pipelines;
- SP 48.13330.2011 Organization of construction;
- SNiP 3.02.01-87. Earthworks, foundations and foundations;
- SP 86.13330.2014 Main pipelines. Rules for the production and acceptance of work;
- VSN 012-88. Construction of main and field pipelines. Quality control and acceptance of works;
- SP 104-34-96. Code of rules for the construction of main gas pipelines. Production earthworks.
3.2 Operational quality control of the backfilling of the trench should include:
- quality control of the backfilled soil;
- checking the thickness of the backfilled layer and the height of the roller.
3.3 In the course of performance of works by the representative of the customer and the manufacturer of works in
in accordance with the requirements of VSN 012-88 (part II), an act is drawn up for backfilling (bunding) of the laid pipeline in the form No. 3.6.
Technical criteria for controlled processes and operations, controls and performers are given in Table 1.
Table 1
| Name processes, subject control |
Subject of control | Tool and control |
Control time | Responsible Controller | Technical criteria for quality assessment |
| Backfill | Soil and backfill quality | Visually | Periodically (after 50.0 m) | Master | Unacceptable: the presence of voids under the pipeline and in the sinuses of the backfilled trench, the presence of clods larger than 5.0 cm in the backfilled pound, crushed stone, coarse gravel and other large inclusions |
| The thickness of the backfilled layer and the height of the roller | Visual Ruler Probe | Periodically (after 50.0 m) | Master | The thickness of the backfilled layer must correspond to the project. Tolerance +20 mm |
- OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
4.1 When backfilling a pipeline laid in a trench, it is necessary to be guided by the safety regulations set forth in the following regulatory documents:
- SNiP 12-03-2001. Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;
- SNiP 12-04-2002. Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;
- RD 102-011-89. Labor protection. Organizational and methodological documents.
- Collection of instructions and safety recommendations for builders of oil and gas industry facilities;
- Safety regulations for the construction of steel main pipelines.
4.2 Before starting work on backfilling the trench, the person responsible for carrying out the work is obliged to instruct the drivers, issue him a work permit, a scheme for the production of work, show on the spot the boundaries of the mechanism, the location of existing pipelines, cables and other underground utilities.
4.3 The personnel servicing the machine must have a certificate for the right to drive, regularly inspect the machine and promptly eliminate the detected malfunctions, and perform preventive repairs.
- It is forbidden for unauthorized persons to be in the working area.
- The driver does not have the right to transfer control of the machine to another person without the permission of the person responsible for the operation of the machines.
- Do not leave the car unattended when the engine is running. If it is necessary to park the machine on a slope, then turn off the engine of the machine, slow down, lower the blade to the ground, put stops under the tracks.
- The cab of the machine must be kept clean.
- When two bulldozers are working at the same time, an interval of at least 5.0 m should be observed between them.
- Before getting off the machine, the operator must put all levers in the neutral position and turn off all drives.
4.10 Do not work on the bulldozer within the prism of soil collapse, as well as push the bulldozer blade beyond the edge of the trench.
- The operation of a bulldozer on terrain with a longitudinal slope of more than 36 ° is prohibited.
- It is forbidden to repair, clean, adjust and lubricate the bulldozer while the engine is running.
- To clean the dozer blade, stop the machine and lower the blade to the ground.
- Particular care must be taken when working in places where power lines (power lines) pass.
In order to avoid damage to existing power lines during the construction process, security zones are installed on both sides of the outermost wires according to table 2.
table 2
It is allowed to work on the machine in the security zone of power lines with completely de-energized. The driver must be issued a work permit, issued accordingly.
4.15 The boundaries of the zones in which there is a danger of electric shock are regulated by those presented in Table. 3 distances from unprotected non-insulated parts of the electrical installation (electrical equipment, cable, wire) or from the vertical plane formed by the projection onto the ground of the nearest live overhead power line wire.
| Voltage, kV | Distance, m | |
| Minimum change | ||
| realizable | ||
| up to 20 | 2,0 | 2,0 |
| over 20 to 35 | 2,0 | 2,0 |
| over 35 to 110 | 3,0 | 4,0 |
| over 110 to 220 | 4,0 | 5,0 |
| over 220 to 400 | 5,0 | 7,0 |
| over 400 to 750 | 9,0 | 10,0 |
| over 750 to 1150 | 10,0 | 11,0 |
4.16 If it is impossible to remove the voltage, work in the security zone of the power transmission line is allowed with the written permission of the operating organization of the line, work permit and under the constant supervision of a responsible person appointed from the engineering and technical staff
- When driving under a power line under voltage, the working bodies of the machine must be in the transport position.
- The movement of construction machines and mechanisms under power lines is allowed if the machine has a height from the road or ground mark of not more than 5.0 meters when moving on highways and 3.5 m when moving on grader and country roads and without roads.
- COMPOSITION OF THE TEAM
5.1 When backfilling with a bulldozer:
5.2 When backfilling with a single-bucket excavator:
- LIST OF MACHINES, MECHANISMS AND EQUIPMENT
6.1 When backfilling with a bulldozer:
6.2. When backfilling with a single-bucket excavator.
ORDER OF LENIN
MOSORGSTROY
ROUTING
FOR LAYING UNDERGROUND UTILITIES
IN TRENCHES WITH FIXINGS
Arch. No. 8809
MOSCOW - 1983
The technological map was developed by the design and technological department of the Mosorgstroy trust (A.N. Abramovich, A.P. Smirnov), agreed with the Production Preparation Department of Glavmosstroy, NIIMosstroy. The technological map is recommended for implementation in the construction industry. Comments and suggestions on the map should be sent to the address: 113095, B. Polyanka, 51a, Mosorgstroy trust.
1 . Application area
1.1. The technological map was drawn up for the production of work on laying underground utilities (sewerage, water supply, drains, etc.) in trenches with fastenings at the facilities of Glavmosstroy. 1.2. The technological map is intended for drawing up projects for the production of work and for the purpose of familiarizing (training) workers and engineering and technical workers with the rules for the production of work. 1.3. When linking the technological map to a specific object and construction conditions, the schemes for the production of work, the scope of work, the calculation of labor costs, and mechanization tools are specified.2. Construction process technology
2.1. When laying underground utilities in trenches with fastenings, it is necessary to be guided by SNiP III -8-76 "Earthworks", SNiP III -30-74 "Water supply, sewerage and heat supply. External networks and facilities”, etc. 2.2. Laying underground utilities in trenches with cantilever mounts. Before starting work, the stability of the fastening of the walls of the trench should be checked and an act should be drawn up for the right to carry out work and admit workers to the trench. By the beginning of work, all necessary materials and products (pipes, reinforced concrete wells, etc.), the necessary machinery and equipment were delivered. Pipe laying must be carried out in the following sequence: geodetic breakdown of the pipeline axis; trench foundation preparation; pipe laying; installation of reinforced concrete wells; sealing pipe entries in wells; powdering pipelines with soil; hydraulic testing of pipelines (if necessary); final backfilling of the trench; extraction of trench fastening elements from the soil (I-beams, metal pipes, Larsen sheet pile, etc.). Work organization schemes are given on the sheets 1 And 2 . 2.3. The laying of underground utilities in trenches with spacer fasteners is carried out in the same sequence as indicated above, but with the following addition: the fastener spacers that interfere with the installation of pipes are rearranged during the work. Work organization schemes are given on the sheets 3 And 4 . 2.4. Schemes for organizing work when laying plastic pipes in trenches with fasteners and connecting them for welding are shown on sheets 5, 6; 7. 2.5. Backfilling of trenches with laid pipelines should be carried out in two stages: 1) first, with soft soils (sandy, clayey, with the exception of hard clays, natural sand and gravel layers without large inclusions), pits and sinuses are filled up and lined up simultaneously on both sides, and then the trench is covered with the specified soil 0.2 above the top of the pipes to ensure the safety of pipes, joints and insulation; at the same time, the soil is backfilled in layers and compacted with manual and mounted electric rammers, for pipelines made of ceramic, asbestos-cement and polyethylene pipes the height of the backfill layer above the pipe should be 0.5 m; 2) subsequent backfilling of the trench is carried out after testing the pipelines with any soil without large inclusions (200 and > mm) mechanized; at the same time, the safety of the pipes must be ensured. 2.6. The dismantling of the fastening elements of the trench walls should be carried out in the direction from the bottom up as the soil is backfilled. 2.7. After removing the metal pipes from the ground, cover the remaining wells with soil to the full height. 2.8. When working with plastic pipes, it is necessary to be guided by the requirements set forth in the instruction SN 478-80 and the technological map "For the installation of fecal sewage from polyethylene pipes", arch. No. 8355. 2.9. The width along the bottom of the trench with vertical walls, excluding fasteners, should be taken: for water supply and sewerage pipelines in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III -8-76, clause 3.12; for two pipelines of heating networks (supply and return) with channelless laying in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III -30-74, clause 2.4. 2.10. The laying of underground utilities in trenches with fastenings is carried out by the composition of the link given in the work schedule (Appendix 1). 2.11. Calculation of labor costs is given in Appendix 2. 2.12. Operational quality control of work on laying underground utilities in trenches with fasteners is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III -1-76 "Organization construction industry", instructions CH-47-74, CH-478-80. The scheme of operational control is given in Appendix 3. 2.13. During the performance of work, the requirements of SNiP III-4-80 "Safety in construction" and the system of labor safety standards (SSBT) should be strictly observed.3 . Technical and economic indicators
(per 100 linear meters of pipeline)
Labor costs, man-days - 32.68 Demand for cars, cars - cm. - 4.3 The cost of labor costs, rub. - 138.95 Labor costs per 1 m of the laid pipeline, man-days. - 0.33 The cost of labor costs per 1 m of the laid pipeline, rub. - 1.39
4 . Material and technical resources
The need for basic materials and products
(per 100 linear meters of pipeline)
Need for basic machinery and equipment
Annex 1
WORK SCHEDULE
Note. The link of workers is part of integrated brigade for the construction of the zero cycle.
Annex 2
LABOR COST CALCULATION
|
Rationale (ENiR) |
Name of works |
unit. meas. |
Scope of work |
Labor intensity |
Price per unit measurement, rub.-kop. |
The cost of labor costs for the entire scope of work, rub.-kop. |
|
|
per unit measurements, man-hours or mach.-h. |
for the entire volume, man-days or machine-see. |
||||||
| § 10-5, v. 4, p. 3B; D | Laying of reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of 40, with preliminary preparation of the base of the trench by an assembly crane | ||||||
| § 10-27. p. 3, 4 B | Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells with a diameter of 1250 mm with sealing of pipe entries in the wells | ||||||
| § 2-1-44, v. 1, p. 2a | Filling the sinuses with sand to a height of 0.5 of the diameter of the pipeline and to a height of 0.2 m above the top of the pipeline manually | ||||||
| § 2-4-21, v. 2, p. 10B | Backfilling the trench with soil by a bulldozer with dismantling of fastening elements (boards of pickups) | ||||||
| § 10-31, paragraph 2B | |||||||
Annex 3
SCHEME OF OPERATIONAL CONTROL
|
Name of operations subject to control |
Quality control of work performance |
|||
|
work producer (foreman) |
involved services |
|||
| Laying of reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of 400 with preliminary preparation of the base of the trench by a mounting crane | Geodetic stakeout, leveling, addition and compaction of soil, presence of external defects, quality of pipe connection with a socket, pipe alignment, reliability of fastening | Theodolite, level; sights; tape measure, steel meter, visually | Before and during the work | Geodetic |
| Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells with a diameter of 1250 with sealing of pipe entries in wells | The correctness and reliability of slinging, the alignment of the well, the mark of the base of the well, the reliability of the installation | Leveling, plumb | During installation | |
| Filling the sinuses with sand to a height of 0.5 of the diameter of the pipeline and to a height of 0.2 m above the top of the pipeline manually | The quality of sand and seals, the safety of pipes and joints | Visually, measuring ring | During and after work | Construction laboratory, representative of the customer and operating organization |
| Backfilling the trench with soil by a bulldozer with disassembly of the fasteners (boards of pickups) | Soil quality, backfill sequence, pipe safety, compaction quality | |||
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 1
(when laying sewers, drains, water pipes, etc.)
Legend:
1 - ladder for descending workers into the trench; 2 - place of storage of reinforced concrete wells; 3 - assembly crane; 4 - places for storing pipes; 5 - container boxes for solution (concrete); 6 - tool box; 7 - reinforced concrete pipe; 8 - reinforced concrete well; 9 - pickup from boards; 10 - temporary fence 110 cm high
Notes 1 . The admission of workers to the trench is allowed after checking the stability of the fastening of the walls. 2. Dimensions are in centimeters
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 2
Fixing the walls of the trench cantilever
Legend:
3 - assembly crane; 7 - reinforced concrete pipe; 8 - reinforced concrete well; 9 - pickup from boards; 10 - temporary fencing; 11 - fence height 100 cm
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 3
(when laying sewers, drains, water pipes, etc.)
Legend:
1 - ladder for descending workers into the trench; 2 - places for storing reinforced concrete wells; 3 - assembly crane; 4 - places for storing pipes; 5 - spacers for fastening the walls of the trench; 6 - boxes-containers for concrete (mortar); 7 - tool box; 8 - pickups from boards; 9 - metal pipes with a diameter of 219 mm; 10 - belts from I-beams No. 30 ¸ 60; 11 - reinforced concrete well; 12 - temporary fence 110 cm high; 13 - laid reinforced concrete pipes;
Note: The admission of workers to the trench is allowed after accepting the stability of the fastening of the walls of the trench.
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 4
Fixing the trench walls with spacers
Legend:
3 - assembly crane; 5 - spacers for fastening the walls of the trench; 8 - pickups from boards; 9 - metal pipes with a diameter of 219 mm; 10 - belts from I-beams; 11 - reinforced concrete well; 12 - temporary fencing; 13 - reinforced concrete pipe; 14 - fencing of the crane work area 100 cm high
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 5
(when laying communications from plastic pipes)
Fixing the walls of the trench cantilever
Legend:
1 - I-beams No. 30 ¸ 80; 2 - pickups from boards; 3 - support posts; 4 - mobile platform; 5 - installation for welding; 6 - reinforced concrete well; 7 - assembly crane; 8 - car; 9 - ladder for descending workers into the trench; 10 - plastic pipes welded into a whip; 11 - layout of plastic pipes on the edge of the trench
Notes . 1 . The admission of workers to the trench is allowed after acceptance of the stability of the fastening of the walls of the trench. 2. The trench must be fenced as shown on sheets 1 and 2. 3 . Sections III - III , IV - IV are shown on sheets 6 , 7 .WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 6
Fixing the walls of the trench cantilever
Legend:
1 - I-beams No. 30 ¸ 60; 2 - pickups from boards; 3 - support posts; 4 - mobile platform; 5 - installation for pipe welding; 6 - reinforced concrete well; 7 - assembly crane; 8 - car; 9 - plastic pipes welded into a whip; 10 - layout of plastic pipes on the edge of the trench; 11 - temporary fencing of a trench 110 mm high; 12 - the basis for the movement of the platform from the boards; 13 - fencing of the crane operation area 100 cm high
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 7
(when laying underground utilities from plastic pipes)
ORDER OF LENIN
MOSORGSTROY
ROUTING
FOR LAYING UNDERGROUND UTILITIES
IN TRENCHES WITH FIXINGS
Arch. No. 8809
MOSCOW - 1983
The technological map was developed by the design and technological department of the Mosorgstroy trust (A.N. Abramovich, A.P. Smirnov), agreed with the Production Preparation Department of Glavmosstroy, NIIMosstroy.
Comments and suggestions on the map should be sent to the address: 113095, B. Polyanka, 51a, Mosorgstroy trust.
1 area of use
1.1. The technological map was drawn up for the production of work on laying underground utilities (sewerage, water supply, drains, etc.) in trenches with fastenings at the facilities of Glavmosstroy.
1.2. The technological map is intended for drawing up projects for the production of work and for the purpose of familiarizing (training) workers and engineering and technical workers with the rules for the production of work.
1.3. When linking the technological map to a specific object and construction conditions, the schemes for the production of work, the scope of work, the calculation of labor costs, and mechanization tools are specified.
2. Construction process technology
2.1. When laying underground utilities in trenches with fastenings, it is necessary to be guided by SNiP III-8-76 "Earthworks", SNiP III-30-74 "Water supply, sewerage and heat supply. External networks and facilities”, etc.
2.2. Laying underground utilities in trenches with cantilever mounts. Before starting work, the stability of the fastening of the walls of the trench should be checked and an act should be drawn up for the right to carry out work and admit workers to the trench.
By the beginning of work, all necessary materials and products (pipes, reinforced concrete wells, etc.) must be delivered to the construction site, the necessary machinery and equipment must be delivered.
Pipe laying must be carried out in the following sequence:
geodetic breakdown of the axis of the pipeline;
trench foundation preparation;
pipe laying;
installation of reinforced concrete wells;
sealing pipe entries in wells;
powdering pipelines with soil;
hydraulic testing of pipelines (if necessary);
final backfilling of the trench;
extraction of trench fastening elements from the soil (I-beams, metal pipes, Larsen sheet pile, etc.).
Work organization schemes are given on sheets 1 and 2.
2.3. The laying of underground utilities in trenches with spacer fasteners is carried out in the same sequence as indicated above, but with the following addition: the fastener spacers that interfere with the installation of pipes are rearranged during the work.
Work organization schemes are given on sheets 3 and 4.
2.4. Schemes for organizing work when laying plastic pipes in trenches with fasteners and connecting them for welding are shown on sheets 5, 6; 7.
2.5. Backfilling of trenches with laid pipelines should be carried out in two stages:
1) first, with soft soils (sandy, clayey, with the exception of hard clays, natural sand and gravel layers without large inclusions), pits and sinuses are filled up and lined up simultaneously on both sides, and then the trench is covered with the specified soil 0.2 above the top of the pipes, ensuring the safety of the pipes , joints and insulation; at the same time, the soil is backfilled in layers and compacted with manual and mounted electric rammers; for pipelines made of ceramic, asbestos-cement and polyethylene pipes, the height of the soil backfill layer above the pipe should be 0.5 m;
2) subsequent backfilling of the trench is carried out after testing the pipelines with any soil without large inclusions (200 and > mm) mechanized; at the same time, the safety of the pipes must be ensured.
2.6. The dismantling of the fastening elements of the trench walls should be carried out in the direction from the bottom up as the soil is backfilled.
2.7. After removing the metal pipes from the ground, cover the remaining wells with soil to the full height.
2.8. When working with plastic pipes, it is necessary to be guided by the requirements set forth in the instruction SN 478-80 and the technological map "For the installation of fecal sewage from polyethylene pipes", arch. No. 8355.
2.9. The width along the bottom of the trench with vertical walls, excluding fasteners, should be taken:
for water supply and sewerage pipelines in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-8-76, clause 3.12;
for two pipelines of heating networks (supply and return) with channelless laying in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-30-74, clause 2.4.
2.10. The laying of underground utilities in trenches with fastenings is carried out by the composition of the link given in the work schedule (Appendix 1).
2.11. Calculation of labor costs is given in Appendix 2.
2.12. Operational quality control of work on laying underground utilities in trenches with fasteners is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-1-76 "Organization of construction production", instructions SN-47-74, SN-478-80.
The scheme of operational control is given in Appendix 3.
2.13. During the performance of work, the requirements of SNiP III-4-80 "Safety in construction" and the system of labor safety standards (SSBT) should be strictly observed.
3. Technical and economic indicators
(per 100 linear meters of pipeline)
Labor costs, man-days - 32.68
Demand for cars, cars - see - 4.3
The cost of labor costs, rub. - 138.95
Labor costs per 1 m of laid pipeline, man-days - 0.33
The cost of labor costs per 1 m of the laid pipeline, rub. - 1.39
4. Material and technical resources
The need for basic materials and products
(per 100 linear meters of pipeline)
Need for basic machinery and equipment
Annex 1
WORK SCHEDULE
Note. A link of workers is part of the integrated team for the construction of the zero cycle.
Annex 2
LABOR COST CALCULATION
|
Rationale (ENiR) |
Name of works |
unit. meas. |
Scope of work |
Labor intensity |
Price per unit measurement, rub.-kop. |
The cost of labor costs for the entire scope of work, rub.-kop. |
|
|
per unit measurements, man-hours or mach.-h. |
for the entire volume, man-days or machine-see. |
||||||
|
§ 10-5, vol. 4, item 3B; D |
Laying of reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of 40, with preliminary preparation of the base of the trench by an assembly crane |
||||||
|
§ 10-27. p. 3, 4 B |
Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells with a diameter of 1250 mm with sealing of pipe entries in the wells |
||||||
|
§ 2-1-44, vol. 1, item 2a |
|||||||
|
§ 2-4-21, vol. 2, paragraph 10B |
Backfilling the trench with soil by a bulldozer with dismantling of fastening elements (boards of pickups) |
||||||
|
§ 10-31, paragraph 2B |
|||||||
Annex 3
SCHEME OF OPERATIONAL CONTROL
|
Name of operations subject to control |
Quality control of work performance |
|||
|
work producer (foreman) |
involved services |
|||
|
Laying of reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of 400 with preliminary preparation of the base of the trench by a mounting crane |
Geodetic stakeout, leveling, addition and compaction of soil, presence of external defects, quality of pipe connection with a socket, pipe alignment, reliability of fastening |
Theodolite, level; sights; tape measure, steel meter, visually |
Before and during the work |
Geodetic |
|
Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells with a diameter of 1250 with sealing of pipe entries in wells |
The correctness and reliability of slinging, the alignment of the well, the mark of the base of the well, the reliability of the installation |
Leveling, plumb |
During installation |
|
|
Filling the sinuses with sand to a height of 0.5 of the diameter of the pipeline and to a height of 0.2 m above the top of the pipeline manually |
The quality of sand and seals, the safety of pipes and joints |
Visually, measuring ring |
During and after work |
Construction laboratory, representative of the customer and operating organization |
|
Backfilling the trench with soil by a bulldozer with disassembly of the fasteners (boards of pickups) |
Soil quality, backfill sequence, pipe safety, compaction quality |
|||
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 1
(when laying sewers, drains, water pipes, etc.)
Legend:
1 - ladder for descending workers into the trench; 2 - place of storage of reinforced concrete wells; 3 - assembly crane; 4 - places for storing pipes; 5 - container boxes for solution (concrete); 6 - tool box; 7 - reinforced concrete pipe; 8 - reinforced concrete well; 9 - pickup from boards; 10 - temporary fence 110 cm high
Notes
1. The admission of workers to the trench is allowed after checking the stability of the walls.
2. Dimensions are in centimeters
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 2
Fixing the walls of the trench cantilever
Legend:
3 - assembly crane; 7 - reinforced concrete pipe; 8 - reinforced concrete well; 9 - pickup from boards; 10 - temporary fencing; 11 - fence height 100 cm
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 3
(when laying sewers, drains, water pipes, etc.)
Legend:
1 - ladder for descending workers into the trench; 2 - places for storing reinforced concrete wells; 3 - assembly crane; 4 - places for storing pipes; 5 - spacers for fastening the walls of the trench; 6 - boxes-containers for concrete (mortar); 7 - tool box; 8 - pickups from boards; 9 - metal pipes with a diameter of 219 mm; 10 - belts from I-beams No. 30 ¸ 60; 11 - reinforced concrete well; 12 - temporary fence 110 cm high; 13 - laid reinforced concrete pipes;
Note:
The admission of workers to the trench is allowed after acceptance of the stability of the fastening of the walls of the trench.
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 4
Fixing the trench walls with spacers
Legend:
3 - assembly crane; 5 - spacers for fastening the walls of the trench; 8 - pickups from boards; 9 - metal pipes with a diameter of 219 mm; 10 - belts from I-beams; 11 - reinforced concrete well; 12 - temporary fencing; 13 - reinforced concrete pipe; 14 - fencing of the crane work area 100 cm high
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 5
(when laying communications from plastic pipes)
Fixing the walls of the trench cantilever
Legend:
1 - I-beams No. 30 ¸ 80; 2 - pickups from boards; 3 - support posts; 4 - mobile platform; 5 - installation for welding; 6 - reinforced concrete well; 7 - assembly crane; 8 - car; 9 - ladder for descending workers into the trench; 10 - plastic pipes welded into a whip; 11 - layout of plastic pipes on the edge of the trench
Notes.
1. The admission of workers to the trench is allowed after acceptance of the stability of the fastening of the walls of the trench.
2. The trench must be fenced as shown on sheets 1 and 2.
3. Sections III - III, IV - IV are shown on sheets 6, 7.
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 6
Fixing the walls of the trench cantilever
Legend:
1 - I-beams No. 30 ¸ 60; 2 - pickups from boards; 3 - support posts; 4 - mobile platform; 5 - installation for pipe welding; 6 - reinforced concrete well; 7 - assembly crane; 8 - car; 9 - plastic pipes welded into a whip; 10 - layout of plastic pipes on the edge of the trench; 11 - temporary fencing of a trench 110 mm high; 12 - the basis for the movement of the platform from the boards; 13 - fencing of the crane operation area 100 cm high
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 7
(when laying underground utilities from plastic pipes)
Fixing the walls of the trench cantilever
See sheets 5 and 6 for symbols.
TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CHART (TTK)
DEVELOPMENT OF SOIL IN TRENCHES FOR LAYING PIPELINES
1 AREA OF USE
1.1. A typical technological map (hereinafter referred to as the TTK) was developed for the production of work on the development of soil in trenches with a single-bucket excavator for laying pipelines.
1.2. Standard technological maps are intended for use in the development of work production projects (PPR), construction organization projects (POS), other organizational and technological documentation, as well as for the purpose of familiarizing (training) workers and engineering and technical workers with the rules for the production of work.
1.3. The purpose of creating the presented TTC is to give a schematic diagram of the technological process of working on the development of a trench with a single-bucket excavator for laying pipelines, the composition and content of the TTC, examples of filling in the necessary tables.
1.4. When linking a typical flow chart to a specific facility and construction conditions, production schemes, scopes of work, labor costs, mechanization tools, materials, equipment, etc. are specified.
1.5. The development of a trench for laying pipelines is carried out on the basis of a project for the production of works and working technological maps that regulate the means of technological support and implementation rules technological processes during the production of works. The design features of the development of the trench are decided in each case by a working draft.
1.6. Regulatory framework for the development of technological maps are: SNiP, SN, SP, GESN-2001 ENiR, production norms for the consumption of materials, local progressive norms and prices, norms for labor costs, norms for the consumption of material and technical resources.
1.7. Working flow charts are reviewed and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the general contracting construction and installation organization, in agreement with the customer's organization, the customer's technical supervision and organizations in charge of the operation of this pipeline.
1.8. The use of TTK helps to increase labor productivity, reduce labor costs, improve the organization and improve the quality of work, reduce costs and reduce the duration of construction, safe work, organization of rhythmic work, rational use labor resources and machines, as well as to reduce the time for the development of PPR and the unification of technological solutions.
1.9. The development of trenches for laying pipelines is carried out in the following technological sequence:
Geodetic marking works are being carried out;
Leveling the surface of the earth along the entire route with bulldozers;
Excavation of soil in a trench by excavators equipped with a backhoe, open way with dumping of soil into a dump or loading into vehicles;
Refinement of the soil and cleaning of the slopes and the bottom of the trench by means of small-scale mechanization or manually;
Digging pits for pipe connections;
The device of the base for the pipeline.
1.10. The technological map provides for the development of soil in a trench by a complex mechanized link with a hydraulic, single-bucket excavator ZX-200 from Hitachi , equipped with a backhoe bucket with teeth (https://pandia.ru/text/80/366/images/image002_4.gif" width="11" height="23 src=">), as a leading mechanism.
Fig.1. Excavator ZX-200
1.11. Works in progress all year round and run in one shift. Working hours per shift are:
External networks and facilities for water supply and sewerage";
SNiP III-42-80*. "Main pipelines".
2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PERFORMANCE
2.1. In accordance with SNiP 12-01-2004. The organization of construction prior to the commencement of construction and installation (including preparatory) work at the facility, the general contractor is obliged to obtain, in the prescribed manner, a permit (order) for excavation work - the development of a trench for laying a pipeline - at the GATI. Performing work without the specified permission is prohibited.
2.2. The development of a trench is preceded by a set of organizational and preparatory measures, such as:
Appointment of a responsible person for the quality and safe performance of work;
Establishment of information boards indicating the name of the object, the names of the investor, customer and contractor, the start and end dates of work;
Obtaining a permit for earthworks from the customer;
Acceptance from the customer according to the act of the geodetic center base for construction;
Obtaining a working draft with a plan for the location of the pipeline being laid and its removal from existing underground utilities, as well as from overhead networks, including contact networks of relay transport;
Obtaining a PPR or a working flow chart for earthworks and familiarizing workers and line engineers with them against signature;
Instructing workers and engineers involved in the production of work on safe labor practices and industrial sanitation;
Arrangement of entrances to the place of work;
Installation of inventory buildings and structures in accordance with the construction plan construction site for storing tools and household needs;
Preparation of mechanisms, equipment and their delivery to the facility;
Providing workers with tools, devices and personal protective equipment;
Preparation of places for storing materials, inventory and other necessary equipment;
Fencing the construction area with warning signs illuminated at night;
Provision of communication for operational and dispatching control of the production of works;
Provision of the construction site with fire-fighting equipment and signaling equipment;
Drawing up an act of readiness of the object for the production of work.
2.3. Prior to the commencement of earthworks, it is necessary:
Complete the preparation of the scope of work (clearing the area from forest vegetation, uprooting stumps, leveling, demolition and transfer of structures and communications that impede work) in accordance with the requirements of the work technology and the POS;
Establish temporary benchmarks along the route associated with leveling moves and permanent benchmarks;
Make a breakdown on the ground (with the installation of poles) of the trench axis and its edges, the boundaries of the spoil dump and prepare a place for storage;
Fix the alignment axes and angles of rotation of the route and tie them to permanent objects on the ground (buildings, structures, trees, etc.);
Determine the location of underground utilities and fix them on the ground with appropriate signs or inscriptions, and when crossing them with a trench, protect them from mechanical damage and hang them on rigid jumpers;
Issue an act of breakdown of the route with the application of statements of benchmarks and bindings;
To familiarize the foreman with and transfer to the excavator driver the entire route with the angles of rotation for the performance of work.
2.4. Construction work performed during the development of a trench for laying a pipeline includes the following operations:
Development, with the ejection of soil into the dump, trenches of the appropriate width with a shortfall to the design mark by an amount that meets the requirements of the POS, PPR or working technological map;
Extraction of pits at pipe joints;
Installation of trench slope fastening (if necessary);
Providing drainage from the trench (if necessary).
2.5. The geodetic breakdown of the trench consists in designating it on the ground. The breakdown is carried out in two planes: horizontal and vertical. With a horizontal breakdown, the position of the axis of the pipeline is determined and fixed on the ground and the outline of the trench is outlined in the plan, and with a vertical breakdown, its depth. At the beginning, the location of the pipeline to be laid is determined with the removal and binding of its axis to permanent landmarks. Then the boundaries of the trench are set with the removal of its axis and reference to permanent landmarks outside it.
The boundaries of the excavation of the trench are fixed with cast-offs, consisting of wooden racks dug into the ground and attached to them strictly at one level of planks, on which planks are fixed showing the steepness of the slopes (see Fig. 2). Cast-off pillars are buried in the ground to a depth of at least 0.7 m and not closer than 0.7 m from the edge of the trench.
Digging a trench with a single-bucket excavator
on coastal areas
- General requirements.. 2
- The order of production of works.. 2
- The need for machines and mechanisms, technological equipment and materials .. 2
- The composition of teams by profession… 4
- Operational control scheme.. 5
- HEALTH, INDUSTRIAL AND FIRE SAFETY SOLUTIONS.. 7
- Scheme of work.. 12
- Acquaintance sheet.. 13
- General requirements
Designed for digging a trench with a single-bucket excavator equipped with a backhoe at the facility:
Digging a trench is done with a single-bucket excavator
- (bucket capacity - m3)
Moving soil into the dump with a bulldozer
The scope of work covered by the map includes:
- installation of an excavator in the face;
- soil development;
- moving soil into the dump with a bulldozer;
- bucket cleaning;
- movement of the excavator during operation.
Trench digging should be carried out in accordance with the detailed design, this flow sheet and the requirements of the following regulatory documents:
- . Instructions for the production of construction work in the protected zones of the main pipelines of the Ministry oil industry;
- . Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;
- . Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;
- Safety regulations for the construction of steel main pipelines, approved. Minneftegazstroy 11.08.81;
- Rules for the protection of main pipelines with additions, approved. fast. Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia dated April 22, 1992 No. 9; dated 11/23/94 No. 61;
- . Earth structures. Bases and foundations;
- SNiP 2.05.06-85*. Main pipelines;
- VSN 004-88. Construction of main pipelines. Technology and organization.
- BCH 012-88. Construction of main and field pipelines. Quality control and acceptance of works. Parts I and II;
- Work order
For the production of work, you must have:
- written permission for the right to work in the location area
underground communications from organizations operating these communications; - permit for the production of work.
Before starting work, the following must be done:
- preparatory work was carried out (removal of fertile soil
layer and clearing the route from forest vegetation); - the boundaries of the work are broken and fixed on the ground;
- excavator and bulldozer delivered to the work site.
The trench is to be developed by the method of face slaughter when the excavator moves along its axis.
The soil taken out of the trench is placed in the dump on one side, no closer than 0.5 m from the edge of the trench.
When operating a single-bucket excavator on straight sections in the direction of its movement, install poles 3 m high every 50-80 m, and pegs between them every 5 m.
On curved sections, within the curve, along the width of the tracks or along the width of the trench, pegs should be installed on both sides every 2-5 m.
The trench parameters are taken in accordance with the working drawings.
The steepness of the slopes of the trench is shown in table 1.
| Table 1 | |||
| slope steepness | |||
| Soil types | With an excavation depth of not more than | Depth | |
| 1.5 m | 3,0 m | ki up to 5 m | |
| Sand and gravel | 1:0.5 | 1:1 | 1:1 |
| sandy loam | 1:0.25 | 1:0.67 | 1:0.85 |
| Loam | 1:0 | 1:0.5 | 1:0.75 |
| Clay | 1:0 | 1:0.25 | 1:0.5 |
Note: when layering different types of soil, the steepness of the slopes for all layers is assigned according to the weakest type of soil
Digging a trench is performed by an excavator driver of the 6th category.
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR 1000 m 3 SOIL
| Name | Unit ism | Group indicatorssoil | |||||
| 1 | II | III | IV | V | |||
| standard labor costs | people hour | 15 17 | 18 20 | 23 | 29 | 37 | |
| – | |||||||
| duration of work | in soils of natural moisture | shifts | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 4.6 |
| in wet soils (boggy) | – | ||||||
| Excavator performance | in soils of natural moisture | m 3 / cm | 533 | 444 | 348 | 275 | 216 |
| in wet soils (boggy) | 484 | 403 | – | – | – | ||
Shift duration - 8 hours
- The need for machines and mechanisms, technological equipment and materials
table 2
| Name | Type, Mark, GOST |
Quantity, pcs. | Brief characteristic |
Note: if the Contractor does not have single-bucket excavators of the brands presented in Table 2, other brands can be used, specifications which must be equal or higher.
- The composition of teams by profession
Table 3 Composition of crews for performing work on the development of an underwater trench and a trench in coastal areas, performing drilling operations and works on instrumental and diving inspection
- Operational control scheme
Technological, including operational, quality control during trenching, carried out in the course of work, consists in systematic monitoring of the compliance of the work performed with the detailed design, compliance with the requirements of the work production project, this TC, compliance with the requirements of the documents given in section 6.
Operational quality control is carried out directly by the performers indicated in Table 3.
Operational quality control of earthworks should include:
- verification of the correctness of the transfer of the actual axis of the trench and compliance with its design position;
- checking the profile of the bottom of the trench with measuring its depth and design marks;
- checking the width of the trench along the bottom;
- checking the steepness of the slopes depending on the structure of the soils specified in the project;
- measurement of the actual radii of curvature of the trench in the turning sections in the horizontal plane.
Defects identified during the control process, deviations from projects and requirements of building regulations or technological instructions must be corrected before the start of the next operations (works).
Compliance of the trench bottom marks with the design profile is checked using geometric leveling. The marks of the reference benchmarks are taken as the initial ones (if necessary, the network of benchmarks during the execution of marking work is concentrated in such a way that the distance between the temporary benchmarks does not exceed 2-2.5 km). Leveling the bottom of the trench is carried out by technical leveling methods. The actual elevation of the trench bottom is determined at all points where the design marks are indicated in the working drawings.
Completed earthworks are accepted by the quality control service, checking the following parameters:
- trench width along the bottom;
- trench depth;
- slope size;
- executive profile of the bottom of the trench (applied on the working drawings).
When earthworks are carried out, as-built documentation is maintained, form 2.4, VSN 012-88 “Construction of main and field pipelines. Quality control and acceptance of works. Part II.
Technical criteria for controlled processes and operations, controls and performers are given in table 4 below
Table 4: Technical criteria for controlled processes and operations, controls and performers
| Name of processes to be controlled | Item control |
Tool and method of control | Time control |
Responsible Controller | Technical criteria for quality assessment |
| Fixing the axis of the trench | Deviation of the center axis from the design one | Theodolite | Before digging the trench | Surveyor | The deviation of the actual axis of the trench from the design should be no more than 50 mm per 1 km of the route |
| trench digging | Bottom trench width | Measuring tape, theodolite, template | Periodically | Surveyor, master | Permissible deviations of half the width of the trench in relation to the staking axis: plus 20 cm; minus 5 cm; |
| Marking the bottom of the trench in straight sections | Level | Periodically (after 50 m) |
Master, geodesist | minus 10 cm |
|
| Marking the bottom of the trench on the vertical curves of elastic bending | Level | Periodically (after 10 m) |
Master, geodesist | Permissible deviation of the actual elevation of the trench bottom from the design one: minus 10 cm |
|
| Marking the bottom of the trench on the vertical curves of forced bending | Level | Periodically (after 2 m) |
Master, geodesist | Permissible deviation of the actual elevation of the trench bottom from the design one: minus 10 cm |
|
| slope steepness | Templates | Master | Compliance with the parameters shown in Table 3-1 | ||
| Trench bottom condition | Visually | Selectively in places of doubt | Master | Smooth surface of the bottom of the trench without scallops and collapsed soil |
- HEALTH, INDUSTRIAL AND FIRE SAFETY SOLUTIONS
When digging trenches, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of this section of the Labor Code, as well as be guided by the regulatory documents set forth in section 6.
The following workers may be allowed to work on digging a trench:
- who have reached the age of eighteen, have undergone special training and received a certificate of the established form;
- past medical checkup to determine fitness for health reasons to work in the profession;
- who have passed an introductory briefing on labor protection and fire safety and an initial briefing on ensuring the safety of work at the facilities of trunk oil pipelines (OOP).
The work manager must:
- check with the excavator driver that he has a certificate for the right to drive an excavator;
- conduct briefings with employees at the workplace, taking into account the specifics of the work;
- together with the workers and the excavator driver, inspect the work site and instruct the daily task to be completed using safe methods in accordance with working documentation, PPR and this TC;
- check the actions of employees during the working day on issues of labor safety, compliance with labor and production discipline, as well as work technology.
The driver of a single-bucket excavator during the performance of work is obliged to:
- comply with the requirements of the labor protection instructions, as well as the requirements of the manufacturer's instructions for the operation of the excavator controlled by him;
- wear overalls and safety shoes, use personal protective equipment (dielectric gloves, rubber mat);
- before installing the excavator at the place of work, he must make sure that the ground is planned, and the slope of the terrain does not exceed the allowable according to the excavator's passport;
- during breaks in work (regardless of the reasons and duration), move the excavator boom away from the face, and lower the excavator bucket to the ground. The bucket can only be cleaned after lowering it to the ground with the engine off;
- load soil into dump trucks from the side of the rear side wall, prevent the excavator bucket from moving over the dump truck driver's cab. It is allowed to load soil into a dump truck only if there is no driver or other people in the cab;
- at maintenance stop the engine of the excavator and relieve pressure in the hydraulic system;
- do not smoke or use fire when refueling the excavator. Making a fire closer than 50 m from the place of work or parking of the excavator is not allowed;
- if communications or other objects not specified by the work manager are found in the face, the work of the excavator must be immediately stopped and the work manager should be informed about the incident in order to take appropriate measures.
The driver should not start work in case of the following violations of safety requirements:
- malfunctions of the mechanisms, hydraulic system of the excavator, as well as the presence of defects in metal structures, in which, according to the instructions of the manufacturer, its operation is prohibited;
- non-compliance of the conditions and place of work of the excavator with safety requirements;
- being in the danger zone of the excavator by unauthorized persons;
The excavator operator is prohibited from:
- transfer control to other persons;
- transport unauthorized persons in the cabin;
- leave the excavator with the engine running.
At the end of the work, the driver must:
- put the excavator in the parking lot;
- lower the bucket to the ground, turn off the engine, lock the cab. Inform the work manager and the responsible person about the condition of the excavator and malfunctions.
When machines operate in mountainous conditions, certain difficulties arise (tipping, slipping, lubrication failure), therefore it is especially important that the machines are in good working order, they are carried out in a timely manner. technical inspection and preventive maintenance.
It is necessary to instruct the operators of tracked vehicles that on slopes, especially when turning, caterpillars may drop. To prevent this phenomenon, turns should be made smoothly with the rolling of the caterpillar after turning a small sector.
Near the existing underground utilities, soil excavation will be carried out in the presence of a representative of the operating organization, a issued order - admission and additional briefing, working with a list in the journal.
The development of soil by mechanisms should be stopped at a distance of at least 2 meters in both directions from underground utilities. In the immediate vicinity, it is allowed to develop the soil only manually (with a shovel) without the use of impact tools (crowbar, pickaxe, pneumatic tools, etc.)
The allowable horizontal distance from the base of the excavation slope to the nearest machine supports should be taken from Table 5.
Table 5: Horizontal distances from the base of the excavation slope to the nearest machine support, m
| Excavation depth, m | Horizontal distances from the base of the excavation slope to the nearest support of the machine in the soil, m: | |||
| sandy | sandy loamy | loamy | clayey | |
| 1,0 | 1,5 | 1,25 | 1,00 | 1,00 |
| 2,0 | 3,0 | 2,40 | 2,00 | 1,50 |
| 3,0 | 4,0 | 3,60 | 3,25 | 1,75 |
| 4,0 | 5,0 | 4,40 | 4,00 | 3,00 |
To avoid collapse of the trench walls, the edge of the spoil heap should be located at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the trench berm.
It is forbidden to be in the danger zone of a working excavator. The danger zone is equal to the radius of the maximum reach of the bucket plus 5 m.
When cleaning the bottom of the trench after the operation of the excavator, excavators must be at a distance of at least 10 m from the place of action of its bucket.
When moving the excavator under its own power, the bucket must be raised to a height of no more than 0.7 m above ground level.
When digging a trench, the excavator must be outside the prism of soil collapse (slope)
Carrying out work of increased danger at explosive and fire hazardous and fire hazardous facilities is permitted only with a work permit.
The work permit is issued separately for each type of work and the place of their implementation. If the work is carried out in one place, by one team and under the supervision of one person responsible for the work, and the conditions for their performance are simultaneously classified as hot work and high-risk work or as gas-hazardous work and high-risk work, then their performance can be issued in one order - admission.
The work permit is valid for the period specified in it. The planned duration of the work should not exceed 10 days. The work permit can be extended for a period of not more than 3 days, while the duration of the work from the planned date and time of the start of work, taking into account the extension, should not exceed 10 days. The order is valid for one shift.
The operator of the customer is informed about the daily start and daily completion of work on work permits, orders.
The person responsible for carrying out the work is appointed on the basis of a joint order of the contractor and the Customer, protocols for checking knowledge of labor protection requirements, protocols for industrial safety attestation in the Commission of the Customer.
During the period of work, the person responsible for the work is constantly at the work site.
Notifies the operator structural unit on the daily start, daily completion of the work, their completion and the acceptance of the work performed and the place of work.
The person responsible for carrying out the work shall notify the person responsible for admission to the work on the commencement, progress of the work and its completion.
The person responsible for the admission to the work, controls the progress of the work on the work permit, reports the beginning, progress of the work and its completion to the person responsible for approving the work permit.
Engineers of the contracting organization responsible for carrying out work on the work permit must be trained in a specialized organization under the fire-technical minimum program.
The person responsible for carrying out the work is obliged to suspend work, cancel (cancel) the work permit, remove people from the place of work and notify the customer operator and the person who issued the work permit in the following cases:
- the occurrence of a threat to life and health, in the event of an accident associated with the production of work performed under a work permit, as well as in case of emergency;
- violations by workers performing work of fire safety rules;
- the lack of formalized in the prescribed manner permits and work permit for the production of hot work, the absence of officials of the contracting organization from among the engineers at the place of work;
– automatic activation of the fire extinguishing system;
- issuance of a light and sound signal by the UPS;
Detection of violations of the conditions stipulated by the work permit, which can lead to injury to workers or to an emergency;
- prohibition of work by regulatory and supervisory authorities.
Work can be resumed only after identifying and eliminating the reasons for their suspension and issuing a new work permit.
The work foreman is obliged to check the implementation of fire safety measures within the work site. It is allowed to start repair and hot work only after all the measures to ensure fire safety and provided for in the work permit have been completed.
Supervisors of repair (hot) work performed by contractors are responsible for compliance by subordinate personnel with the fire safety rules and requirements in force at the facility and for the occurrence of fires that occurred through their fault.
The organization of training and briefing on the safe performance of work by employees of contracting organizations is entrusted to the management of these organizations.
The completion of hot and repair work sites with fire equipment and / or primary fire extinguishing equipment, depending on the type and scope of work, must be carried out by the contractor.
Arrangement of fire equipment (including primary fire extinguishing equipment) at the places of fire and repair work should ensure the possibility of supplying fire extinguishing agents for no more than 3 minutes.
It is prohibited to carry out repair, construction and earthworks without registration of the necessary permits, including a project for the production of work, acts for fixing the site, an act of admission to the performance of work, an act for the transfer of a site, a permit for the performance of work in a protected zone.
Actions of workers in the event of a fire
Each employee of the contractor upon detection of a fire or signs of burning (smoke, burning smell, temperature rise, etc.) must:
- immediately inform the fire brigade about this by phone; at the same time, it is necessary to give the address of the object, the place of the fire, and also give your last name;
- inform the dispatcher (operator) of the facility or the manager of the facility (senior official of the facility) about the fire;
- take, if possible, measures for the evacuation of people and the safety material assets, fire suppression by primary and stationary fire extinguishing means.
Excavators and bulldozers must be equipped with video recording systems.
It is forbidden to carry out work without the use of video recording equipment on these types of equipment.
Excavator drivers are allowed to perform earthworks on existing oil pipelines and oil product pipelines only after successfully passing a test of practical skills in excavating a repair pit with an excavator at the OST test site.
8 Familiarization sheet
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