– this is a set of measures to coordinate architectural, space-planning, structural and engineering design solutions with the functional purpose of the building and the features of technological processes implemented in the designed building. At the development stage of the “TX” section, PNProject specialists lay the foundation for the effective functioning of a capital construction project.
According to Government Decree of February 16, 2008 No. 87 “On the composition of sections project documentation and requirements for their content" subsection " Technological solutions" is part of the section "Information about engineering equipment, about networks of engineering support, a list of engineering activities, the content of technological solutions." Ready-made technological solutions are subject to independent expert evaluation.
The development of technological solutions is carried out in parallel with architectural and structural solutions, since these sections are interrelated: the architecture and structural characteristics of the building affect the efficiency of the implementation of technological processes. The final clarification of architectural solutions is carried out only after full approval of the technical specifications section. Thus, all design solutions are linked into a single coordinated system with one goal - to design a smoothly functioning facility.
Technological solutions are being developed for the following objects:
General principle for developing technological solutions
At the stage of technological design, specialists from the PNProject company perform volumetric-spatial modeling of the building’s premises, taking into account the characteristics of various technological processes. The technological process in this case is a broad concept, the essence of which depends on the specifics of the construction project. For example, for manufacturing enterprise- this is the process of manufacturing products, for hotel complexes - the process of serving guests, for shopping and entertainment centers - a whole range of operations related to providing effective activities retail outlets and entertainment facilities, for medical and recreational enterprises - the sequence of therapeutic measures and ensuring processes medical equipment and drugs.
Technological solutions have a direct impact on the placement of utility networks for water supply, sewerage, ventilation, air conditioning, electricity, and heating. Technological engineer issues technical task for the development of the engineering communications project. Also, based on the results of the development of the “Technology” section, the clarification and final optimization of structural and architectural solutions is carried out. Architects and technologists of our company actively interact with each other to achieve the highest quality results. In the process of developing technological solutions, the geodetic and geological parameters of the site, the connection of the object to utilities and the road network are taken into account.
Initial data for the development of technological solutions
- Technical specifications for design;
- General plan;
- Architectural solutions;
- Constructive and space-planning solutions.
Composition of the “Technological Solutions” section: explanatory note
The subsection of the “TX” brand project includes an explanatory note justifying the design decisions made. For example, when designing industrial enterprises The text part provides information about production processes and products. The features of the technological scheme of the enterprise are considered, requirements relating to the organization of production, and information on the labor intensity of technological operations are provided. The need for energy resources to meet basic production needs is substantiated.
A description of the ways of moving raw materials, consumables and finished products is provided. A number of justifications are formulated regarding the development of a technological scheme, the choice of types and number of units of main equipment, mechanisms, Vehicle And automated systems. Special attention is given to developing a set of measures to ensure safe work at hazardous production facilities. If necessary, the text part is supplemented with certificates and permits confirming the compliance of technological processes with safety requirements.
IN explanatory note the estimated number and qualification composition of personnel, the number of jobs with a description of their technical equipment for various groups production processes. For all construction projects without exception, the mandatory stage of the “Technical Operations” section is the development of measures to comply with labor and environmental protection and fire safety requirements. The text part provides calculations of the volume of harmful emissions into water bodies and the atmosphere, and lists measures to minimize such emissions. Information is provided on the type, hazard class and quantity of waste and methods of its disposal.
Graphic part of the “TX” subsection
The graphic part of the “TX” subsection includes technological schemes for the layout of premises and placement technological equipment. Layout diagrams indicating the areas of the main zones are accompanied by explications of the premises. In accordance with the requirements of the technical specifications, the engineer performs zoning of premises indicating the location of technological equipment. The drawings indicate the overall dimensions of the equipment, mounting connections and passage widths, calculated based on safety requirements and production efficiency. Schematic diagrams of technological processes are displayed indicating the path of movement of the production object at all stages - from receipt of raw materials to manufacturing finished products. The plans indicate the installation locations of vehicles and control sections. The graphic part is accompanied by a specification of technological equipment.
Any large enterprise needs a set of documentation that will streamline and justify the company's policy, indicate turnover, the number of premises, their purpose, as well as equipment. All data on production cycles and procedures for carrying out any work - economic, industrial, secondary - should be summarized in one section of the entire project - the “Technical” subsection.
In this article we will talk about technological solutions, what they are, and what place they occupy in the process of designing buildings for industrial purposes.
Section “TX” – its place in the project
In order for the operation of the building to be purposeful, fully justified, and also economically profitable, you should plan in advance what areas are needed for each workshop and procedure. Even the space for technical waste and the regularity of garbage removal, its expected daily norm and other parameters are of significant importance.
So that unpredictable requirements do not arise during the use of the building, it is necessary to submit a production work plan in advance - the volume of goods, storage of raw materials, semi-finished and finished products, warehouse sites, storage conditions for products and many other factors. This will make the project as convenient as possible for use.
The task of technological design of enterprises is to combine construction standards with the actual operating conditions of the plant. This means that the process of drawing building floors will be directly regulated by the “TX” section.
Thus, OTP, that is, the main technical solutions, are developed at the pre-project preparation stage. This allows, at the time of creating a project, to take into account the need for certain engineering systems, for example, to equip several refrigerated rooms for storing perishable products. Also, OTR development helps save money labor resource and material resources, since with a pre-thought-out configuration of premises and installation of equipment, reconstruction will not be required. If this section is not implemented in the documentation, then it may happen that a month after the building is commissioned, it will have to be remodeled - moving rooms, equipping mechanisms, etc.
In addition, technical equipment is required not only when constructing a new building, but also when remodeling or adding an extension to an already functioning enterprise. This information will help carry out the procedure for creating a project in accordance with state construction standards and further operation.
Goals and objectives of technological design
Since all the activities of engineers in preparing this section are aimed at combining two processes - material and functional benefits from the structure, the following set of tasks is usually distinguished:
- The most efficient use of usable area and usually unused space. For example, some engineering systems, such as ventilation, can be installed under the ceiling, while a number of others can be combined in single passages.
- Ensuring the load volume of all equipment so that there are no interruptions in the production process. This is done by preliminary calculation of workplaces and machines involved in one production cycle.
- Possibility of plant expansion. Research is being carried out, thanks to which it is possible to obtain an approximate forecast of how long it will take to expect modernization or reconstruction of the entire project.
- Organization of the flow of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products across premises and workshops. It is easier in this regard with liquid, bulk substances, and chemicals, since pipelines are being developed for them. Transportation design may also include conveyor belts, lifting mechanisms, and railroad tracks when large volumes of daily goods are being transported between large departments.
- Approval of the project and passing the examination in government agencies. One of the goals of the “Technical Specifications” section is to check the entire design package for compliance with norms, state standards, as well as SP and SNiP for the construction of individual building elements. All structures are taken into account - the building itself and the construction site, the installation of all engineering systems, the need to work with heavy equipment, workplace safety, sanitary working conditions and much more.
- It is appropriate to use the structural characteristics of a building for production purposes. The configuration of premises, the location of warehouses, the need for garages and hangars for equipment, as well as the requirements of work to strengthen the foundation for large equipment and much more are taken into account. Simply put, TX sets the designer certain conditions, for example, so that a warehouse with raw materials is located above the processing workshop, and a communication channel is established between them, etc.
- Taking into account the possibility of carrying out fire safety, environmental and other measures in the building to protect people and the environment, taking into account the type of production. If natural resources are involved in the manufacturing process, for example, water from a nearby reservoir, then the requirements will also include the development of a zone for filtering and purifying the liquid from impurities when returning to the river, and if this is not possible due to significant pollution, then technical settling tanks will be provided.
- Selection of equipment for work. What machines, in what quantity, are needed to implement the production cycle. Assessment of their economic payback.
The list of these tasks can be continued as long as there are many elements of construction and items to support labor activities in one plant.
Activities of an engineer in the design of technological objects
In the process of developing the “TX” section of the project, the specialist solves the following problems that may occur during construction or already during operation:
- Implementation of a scheme for the accessibility of the approach to utility networks. This especially applies to access points to electrical panels, automated points, that is, those units where regular maintenance is required. Also, when designing, the rules for connecting paths and the absence of enclosing structures to communication lines are observed. The TX plan also describes the frequency service and possible items that will be required for replacement.
- A complete design of engineering systems is created. This is especially true at this stage regarding power consumption. Calculations are made of the optimal amount of electricity that will be consumed daily. Since this is a pre-design stage, wiring diagrams have not yet been drawn, but a preliminary plan may be required - what voltage and current lines are required for certain objects. For example, the operation of machines in one workshop requires high-voltage cables, while the neighboring room does not require high voltages.
- Design of domestic premises.
- Taking into account the requirements for personal hygiene of employees, as well as their safety. This applies primarily to the type of lighting that is required for a certain type of work. According to the law, different production processes, and even different stages, require different amounts of light. This way, you can determine in advance which workshops need bright artificial lamps, and where the classic combined option is sufficient - the natural flow of light from windows and ceiling lighting equipment.
Also, the engineer’s activities during the development of the “Technology” section affect the implementation of all of the above tasks; this helps to carry out the preliminary design of the entire object. The most convenient way to do this is on a computer. software from ZWSOFT. All programs have convenient tools, a library of elements, and dynamic blocks. This makes the engineer’s work much easier, since it is possible to draw up a schematic plan, and during the design stage, in detail, in the same software, draw up drawings of the object itself and all the engineering systems inside.
Initial data for the development of a technological production project, the place of OTR in design
We have already said that this is a pre-design stage, that is, creating a section is a collection useful information about the project being designed before construction decisions are made. It is worth noting that technical characteristics can be developed both during the construction of a new facility and during the modernization or reconstruction of an old, operating enterprise.
The second option is much more complicated, since it requires all previous construction plans, an analysis of the real situation, current processes, and taking into account dissatisfaction that arose during the work. The engineer will then summarize all the data received, compare it with the new tasks and directions of the plant received, and propose modernization paths that do not require capital construction.
Thus, the specialist’s goal at the time of enterprise reorganization is to carry it out with minimal changes in terms of construction of new premises and refurbishment. Thus, the place of OTR in design is data preparation. But before developing a section, you need to operate with the following information:
- functional purpose of the building - production, storage, transportation of substances, processing of raw materials or other purposes;
- a brief description of plan - number of floors, number of parking spaces, total area, number of employees (or visitors, if this is a retail or public facility);
- economic and engineering feasibility studies of the project;
- compliance of the main design solutions with state norms and standards.
Also, during the engineer’s work, he may need any information from the already developed pages - these are the sections “GP”, “KR”, “AR”.
Basic documents for technological design of construction processes
In the process of activity, the specialist relies on modern state standards, legislative documents for the construction of buildings, laying utility networks, ensuring the safety and sanitary standards of employees, etc. Here is the main list of regulatory documentation:
- SP 2.2.1.1312-03 “Hygienic requirements for the design of newly built and reconstructed industrial enterprises.”
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 16, 2008. No. 87 “On the composition of sections of design documentation and requirements for their content.”
- the federal law dated March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ. “On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population.”
- SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 “Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises.”
- SanPiN 2.2.4.1191-03 “Electromagnetic fields in industrial conditions.”
- SNiP 06/31/2009 “Public buildings and structures”.
- SNiP 2.09.04-87 “Administrative and domestic buildings”.
- SNiP 21-01-97 " Fire safety buildings and structures."
- Guide R 2.2.2006-05 “Guide to the hygienic assessment of working environment factors and labor process. Criteria and classification of working conditions."
- SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1278-03 “Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings.”
Stages of technological design of production
- Collection and analysis of initial data.
- Carrying out technical calculations regarding the number of equipment and jobs.
- Selecting a layout and developing a plan.
- Freight flow analysis.
- Development of machine layout diagrams and specifications.
- Preparation of assignments for the development of engineering and construction solutions.
- Preparation and release of project documentation.
All stages must be carried out in appropriate software. Let's consider the options.
Computer-aided design systems from ZWSOFT
The ZVSOFT company offers high-quality programs for compiling the “TX” section, as well as for further work on the project. All software supports both graphic and text formats. - similar to AutoCAD, but reasonable price and with an attractive licensing system. Has functions:
- Creation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.
- Using dynamic blocks.
- 3D visualization.
- Built-in calculator.
- Function for copying object properties.
- Dynamic input. And much more.
The functionality of the program can also be expanded using modules:
- – facilitated design of engineering systems, laying out routes, designation of all nodes and intersections.
- – automated filling of design and working documentation based on the requirements of GOST, SP, SNiP.
- – preparation of drawings in accordance with state standards, automatic generation of specifications, summary of statistical tables.
Make your work with the project easier with programs from ZVSOFT.
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