Innovative technologies in business. Do small businesses need innovation? Electricity from the sun

Innovative activities in small businesses are usually associated with the introduction of new competitive technologies in various fields activities. Innovative solutions directly depend on quality management and are aimed at improving the production structure.

Innovative activities in small businesses can be distributed in the following areas:

on the introduction of new products that can be created in the sphere of production or consumption;

development of certain information systems, know-how;

the use of innovations in the management and modeling of production processes;

new ways of personnel management;

innovations in the financial and accounting field;

changes legal activity related to the implementation of new regulatory legislative acts;

new directions in social sphere, related to optimal working conditions, aimed at improving cultural, political and social aspects.

Before starting to introduce innovative products on the Russian market, it is worth studying the competitiveness of the new product and enlisting the support of the state and other structures that contribute to the development of this business.

Forms and incubators of small business and innovative entrepreneurship

Business incubators can take the following forms:

virtual;
distribution type;
group;
specialized.

The main goal of incubators is to create and develop a business. According to world statistics, the survival rate of small innovative enterprises is now 80%.

In Russia, business incubators began to appear in the early 90s, and now their activities are directly related to:

providing advice on various issues related to tax policy, regulatory and legal activities for doing business;

providing assistance in creating a business plan;

carrying out various types trainings that help improve the skills of small business representatives;

provision of outsourcing services on preferential terms and access to the incubator’s information bases.

Thanks to the support of business incubators, an entrepreneur can begin to produce his products and promote them domestically and foreign markets. The purpose of this process is to help start-up companies grow.

According to Forbes magazine, in Russia, on the scientific platform of the country's leading universities, there are the best business incubators in the world.

Among these organizations it is worth highlighting:

Business incubator of the Academy of National Economy. About 120 startups have already been introduced here. The most promising projects of this research center were the development of platforms for smartphones with the ability to link a task to a point on the map.

The business incubator of the State University-Higher School of Economics produces about 6 projects per year. The most famous incubator programs: pension navigator Pensiamarket.ru, interactive B2B flower sales system “b2b flowers” and “Skillopedia” - an Internet service.

Business incubator "Ingria", which helps to lobby interests in business structures, conducts an examination of the project, assists in developing a plan, and promotes protection intellectual property and production organization. The most famous projects are “Biomedical modeling”, in which 3D plastic surgery was introduced and the development of “Texix” related to the cleaning of tanks from oil refinery products.

The business incubator of Moscow State University directly expands the field of molecular technologies and deals with computer modeling.

Problems of small innovative business

The main problems that arise in small businesses are directly manifested:

lack of own Money;

in the absence of financial support from the state;

in too low demand for innovative goods and services;

in the high cost of innovation;

in the huge risk of economic losses, and the fear associated with failure during the introduction of the product;

in the low potential for self-organization of the enterprise;

in the absence of qualified workers;

lack of information about new technologies;

in the absence of information sources about the sales market and a logistics system that will help implement this or that venture business.

Development and support of small businesses

IN Russian Federation There are various programs of the Ministry of Economic Development related to the provision of subsidies from the Federal budget to assist small and medium-sized businesses. All sectors of the economy are involved in these programs. The government offers direct and indirect methods to support innovative ideas of small businesses. The implementation of such programs is carried out by authorized body in a subject of the Russian Federation.

In addition to the Ministry of Economic Development in Russia, a lot of work on the development of innovative activities in small businesses is carried out by the “Fund for Assistance to the Development of Small Forms of Enterprises in the Scientific and Technical Sphere”, which:

implements government policy to support small businesses;

provides financial and informational assistance;

is engaged in the development of small innovative entrepreneurship structures.

Over more than 20 years of its work, the fund has supported about 12,000 young innovators. Thanks to this fund, 4,500 startups were introduced. There are representative offices in 68 regions of Russia. The foundation is currently implementing new programs in the field of high technology, which also help attract investment in small innovative businesses and create new jobs.

The role of small innovative businesses in the Russian economy

IN modern economy Russia is intensively promoting mechanisms for the development of a national innovation system related to supporting small businesses.

The innovation system is directly related to the development of ideas and the creation of an innovative product that unites the innovation structure, developers and creators. Thanks to innovation, modernization occurs not only in the economy, but also at the level of government.

It is the development of small businesses that increases the number of enterprises, the development of which contributes not only to the economic growth of the regions, but the state as a whole. Innovative small business is closely interconnected with the development of business incubators, technology parks, and innovation and technology centers.

Through innovation in small business, the economic system of the state is developing and, in general, improving information Technology, the functioning of various types of structures is changing, conditions are being created that are directly related to reducing costs in the enterprise. The introduction of small innovative businesses contributes to the development of competitiveness in the market for new products.

Innovative business ideas for small businesses

Before introducing a specific business idea, it is necessary to conduct a market review in the area where the innovative product will be sold.

The most popular small business innovations that are worth the investment are in the following areas:

agriculture and innovative ways of doing it;

business ideas related to the logistics distribution of goods and services. According to forecasts, the market for highly efficient logistics will increase by 10-15% every year. It is the logistics sector that can be associated not only with transportation, but also, for example, with the correct distribution and storage of products;

introduction of new projects in the construction industry (new materials and technologies);

innovations in the restaurant and hotel business (accounting, work organization).

Examples of innovative business at exhibitions

Examples of innovative developments of small businesses can very often be seen at exhibitions at the Expocentre Fairgrounds. It is in the exhibition programs that the various types of innovative technologies presented in exhibition exhibits.

For example, at the exhibition " Vacation home Spring" the exhibition shows innovative products developed by small business entrepreneurs for modern construction. The emphasis was on the quick and high-quality construction of country houses, bathhouses, and gazebos. During the exhibition, seminars and master classes on innovative construction and finishing of various types of houses are held.

The exhibition “Modern Bakery” demonstrates innovative equipment for small businesses that are directly related to the production of fast food, pasta, pizza and much more. Entrepreneurs and research centers from different regions of Russia present their innovative products.

At the Neftegaz exhibition, innovative equipment in the field of oil and gas production and processing of petroleum products is demonstrated.

The exhibition “Communication” demonstrates modern information and communication technologies and equipment.

At the exhibition "Electro": electrical equipment for energy, electrical engineering, industrial lighting.

What is the first thing that comes to your mind when you hear the words “small business”? Most likely, you imagine a small kiosk selling all sorts of useful and not-so-trifling things, an inexpensive hairdressing salon without any frills, or, at worst, a freelance designer. But what small businesses do not fit in with is knowledge-intensive industries and innovative projects.

In fact, how can a tiny company with a dozen professionals on staff promote innovation in the country? They also require serious investments, both financial and intellectual. Innovation is something large-scale and comprehensive...By the way, what is hidden behind such a “fashionable” term today? You can hear it from almost every iron, but almost no one can give it a clear definition.

Some experts even believe that the very terms “innovation” or “innovative” today must be used with great caution. Many consumers, and even business representatives, have already developed a certain immunity to everything supposedly innovative. Many people associate these words with the banal boasting of so-called startups and a bad marketing strategy, but not with high-tech technologies. Therefore, do not rush to call any development at least somehow related to the IT sector innovative. You should see the difference between innovative developments or production and simply a technologized business.

The main features of innovation are novelty and direct relation to science.

It is difficult to unequivocally answer the question of whether a small business can be innovative, since the criteria for innovativeness themselves are very vague and subjective. However, many agree that small businesses today may well become both a “conductor” of innovation, actively mastering new technologies, and the direct creator of innovative products. The last thesis is proven by the experience of Western countries, where small businesses work quite successfully with innovation.

Innovation and small business with them and with us

The phrase “innovative small business” in Western, as well as in some Asian countries, no longer seems like an oxymoron. Thus, in Europe, the “conductor” of innovation is often small business, rather than large enterprises.

For example, in Germany there are hundreds of thousands of small and medium-sized engineering companies that operate together with giants: they produce individual parts for Daimler, BMW and Volkswagen cars or electronics for Siemens. These same companies single-handedly bring projects to the market in the fields of IT, biotechnology, etc. and often have serious weight in one industry or another.

A similar picture is observed in other European countries. Just ten years ago, small firms in Finland, Denmark and Ireland were much more likely to promote innovation than their counterparts - medium and large enterprises

The reason is simple: in Europe since the 1970s. Active work is underway to support innovative business activities.

In Germany, as well as in Britain, entrepreneurship is taught from school, and newcomers who set their sights on innovation are actively advised for free.

Japan has achieved no less success in developing innovative small businesses. Here, a special emphasis was placed on the so-called culture of entrepreneurship, which is promoted through the creation of optional “quality circles” at enterprises. Within these circles, employees identify problems related to production efficiency and product quality, and look for ways to solve these problems.

In the last decade, much attention has been paid to innovation in China, where two long-term programs for the development of entrepreneurship have been running since 2003. Over 13 years, together they increased the share of small businesses in the country's economy to 60% and made them the main engine of innovation.

In Russia, a completely different situation is currently observed: more than 60% of our small businesses are engaged in trade, and more precisely, in resale imported goods. But in terms of innovation, Russian small businesses lag significantly behind their foreign colleagues, according to data from the National Institute for Systematic Research of Entrepreneurship Problems (NISIPP). And most often Russian enterprises Implementing innovations at home and carrying out innovative activities ourselves is hampered by a lack of funding, low qualifications of personnel and a narrow market for products.

Is it true, Russian government Still, I thought about how to solve at least some of these problems and encourage small businesses to work in the innovative niche. On January 1, 2016, several documents related to SMEs came into force:

Law on an annual increase of 5% in the costs of state-owned companies for the purchase of innovations,

The list of companies that are required to purchase innovations from small businesses is

A document obliging the inclusion in the procurement plan of innovative and high-tech products, including those produced by small businesses,

Regulations on the procurement of innovations, by which companies will regulate their procurement activities

Sergey Fakhretdinov

Head of the Committee " Business Russia» to develop interaction between business and state-owned companies

Undoubtedly, these measures to support manufacturing small and medium-sized businesses will “untie their hands” and open up new opportunities for entrepreneurs. Our task now is to ensure that everyone envisaged measures were implemented not only on paper, but also in practice.

According to the Ministry of Economic Development, in 2015 state-owned companies purchased approximately 1-2% of innovations. State-owned companies, where the purchase of innovations is several times higher, for example, JSC Russian Railways, PJSC Rostelecom, will require additional efforts in inviting SMEs to work.

A clear strategy of action can contribute to the procurement procedure for innovations and high-tech products, and the business community is ready to participate in the development and further implementation of which.

However, in practice, small businesses may have problems purchasing innovations. Some state corporations purchase products that small businesses do not produce at all.

In addition, participants in tenders through which state-owned companies make purchases are subject to fairly stringent requirements: non-zero quarterly reporting, a period of work of at least three years, etc. Not every tech startup can boast of meeting these criteria. And the economic rationale in this matter is strong: the tenderer must transfer to the customer 5% of the order amount, and in case of victory, another 30% as a guarantee of fulfillment of all terms of the agreement. For these reasons, small businesses do not actively seek to sell innovations to state-owned companies. By the way, the latter are also not eager to purchase innovative products from anyone.

Vladimir Knyazhitsky

CEO Fast Lane Group of Companies in Russia and the CIS

Large, and medium business, does not actively introduce innovations, because often it is simply not profitable for him. In order not to be unfounded, I will give an example. Let's take such an innovative product as cloud accounting.

Medium and large businesses, in fact, do not need this development. For them, the volume of services is not large, but the difficulty of transferring to a new product is great. In addition, there is often a lack of trust in this very product. Large companies it is more difficult to change established processes, and the risks of failures at the moment of introducing a solution are always huge.

Do small businesses need innovation?

But in small businesses the situation is diametrically opposite: it is both easier and more profitable for them to introduce new innovative solutions. But do small businesses really need innovation?

Nikolay Kalmykov

As shown by surveys in 2014-2015 in Moscow, in which more than 10 thousand enterprise managers took part, it was at a difficult moment that many managers stated that, along with optimizing their activities, they planned to take a closer look at new technologies and engage in technological re-equipment. This applies primarily to those whose business is related to production.

This shows that innovations are, at a minimum, in demand during a crisis, and at a maximum, they lay the foundation for the future. economic development countries, allow you to do business more efficiently, reduce costs and efforts, providing the necessary level of service and communication with clients.
At the same time, innovations must solve specific problems. For example, simplifying registration with the tax office and organizing a cash register, monitoring the work of employees with clients, etc. These are exactly the things without which it is much more difficult to run a business today.

So, innovative developments are much more needed by small enterprises, rather than by large concerns. The latter are too slow to introduce new products, and often have little interest in this.

And the majority of innovative products for small businesses can again be produced by other small businesses. The main thing is to identify the needs of your colleagues in the shop and offer them a project, which most often does not require such large investments at the start.

What is in demand?

An indisputable fact: innovation is different from innovation. Not all advanced technologies are in demand by small or large businesses or private clients; not all of them can be used to create your own enterprise. For example, 3D printing has been on the list of promising technologies for several years now, but products printed in this way are not yet very widespread.

It is worth noting that different experts and authoritative sources call different market niches, one way or another related to innovation, promising. For example, the publication “General Director”, based on research data from international consulting companies and analytical center under the government of the Russian Federation, included the following industries among the most promising:

Mobile payments

Internet of Things

Massive online courses

Wearable electronics (“smart” watches, fitness bracelets, etc.)

3D printing

- “Smart” materials

But the authoritative American business portal Inc.com included among the most promising areas the production of drones, artificial intelligence, and everything related to virtual reality, innovative production and analysis food products, creation of environmentally friendly building materials, etc.

The British source Startups.co.uk suggests focusing on the development of fitness devices, educational applications, platforms for booking venues for events and various inexpensive systems like “ smart House" But where do Russian entrepreneurs see the future?

1. A high-quality website, where the main criterion for its quality is the ability to sell. I often have to audit externally beautiful websites that are originally designed, but do not help sell the service at all.

2. Creation and proper promotion of mobile applications.

4. Cloud accounting services.

5. Corporate cloud document management services.

6. Effective telephony with a cloud number and cloud PBX.

In a word, if you are driven by the desire to start an innovative business at any cost, you can take a closer look at one of the areas indicated above. At the same time, it is worth developing exactly the kind of product that would be in demand from other small companies. This, in this case, is perhaps the most grateful audience. But projects aimed at state-owned companies or individuals should be launched with caution, since this target audience a lot of things are not in demand. Of course, a funny invention like a robot drinking buddy will cause delight, but few people will want to buy it in the next 20 years.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Federal Agency for Education

State educational institution higher professional education

State University of Management

Institute of National and World Economy

Department of Management

COURSE PROJECT

in the discipline "Innovations in crisis management"

on the topic: “Innovation in small business”

Completed by: Potapova E. M.

Checked by: Kuzmina E. Yu.

k.e. Sc., Associate Professor, Department of Management

Moscow - 2005

Introduction

Chapter I. The essence of innovation management

Chapter II. Innovation in small business

Chapter III Innovative business in the Kaluga region using the example of NPF Stella LLC

Conclusion

Bibliography

Annex 1

Appendix 2

Introduction

On modern stage economic development in dynamically changing economic conditions, as well as in crisis situations, the role of innovation is constantly increasing, which is a decisive factor in the successful functioning of any organization. After all, no matter how successfully an organization develops, if its activities are not aimed at mastering new technologies that make it possible to produce new types of products more High Quality and at the lowest cost, then after some time it risks becoming uncompetitive, and this in turn means a weakening of market positions, the loss of consumers and a decrease in profit margins.

Small business is the core of the economy of most developed countries. This is an area where creative, motivated people can fully realize their talent and experience. It was the ideas of small businesses that created the McDonald's hamburger, the Apple computer, the Ford car and many other useful products. Any large business starts small.

The purpose of the work is to prove that the innovative activity of even small enterprises plays an important role in the state’s economy.

Object - innovative activities of small businesses.

Subject: the impact of innovation on small businesses

Objectives - study of innovation management, determination of the role of the innovative sphere of small and venture businesses in the state economy.

Chapter I The essence of innovation management

1.1 Concept and classification of innovations

Innovation management is a relatively new concept for the scientific community and business circles in Russia. Right now, Russia is experiencing a boom in innovation. Some forms and methods of economic management are being replaced by others.

In specialized literature and official documents, the concepts most often used were the management of scientific and technological progress, the introduction of scientific and technological achievements into production, etc., which is typical for a centrally controlled economy. In market economic conditions, there can be no talk of any introduction of anything. This fundamental difference explains the difference in the content of individual concepts in the field of innovation management.

It is generally accepted that the concept of “innovation” is a Russian version English word innovatoin. The literal translation from English means “introduction of innovations” or in our understanding of the word “introduction of innovations”. Innovation means a new order, a new custom, a new method, an invention, a new phenomenon. The Russian phrase “innovation” literally means “introducing something new” and means the process of using an innovation.

Thus, from the moment of acceptance for dissemination, an innovation acquires a new quality - it becomes an innovation (innovation). The process of introducing an innovation to the market is usually called the commercialization process. The period of time between the emergence of an innovation and its implementation into an innovation (innovation) is called the innovation lag.

In everyday practice, as a rule, the concepts of novelty, novation, innovation, innovation are identified, which is quite understandable. Any inventions, new phenomena, types of services or methods only receive public recognition when they are accepted for distribution (commercialization), and in a new capacity they act as innovations (innovations).

It is well known that the transition from one quality to another requires the expenditure of resources (energy, time, finances, etc.). Three main components form the scope of innovation activity and are shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Scheme of innovation activity

In the scientific literature, there are a large number of approaches to defining the definition of innovation. For example, based on content or internal structure, innovations are distinguished as technical, economic, organizational, managerial, etc.

The following features are highlighted: the scale of innovation (global and local); life cycle parameters (identification and analysis of all stages and substages), patterns of the implementation process, etc. Various authors, mostly foreign (N. Monchev, I. Perlaki, Hartman V.D., Mansfield E., Foster R., Twist B., I. Schumpeter, Rogers E., etc.) interpret this concept depending on the object and subject of their research.

For example, Schumpeter interprets innovation as a new scientific-organizational combination production factors, motivated by an entrepreneurial spirit. In the internal logic of innovation, there is a new moment in the dynamization of economic development.

Currently, in relation to technological innovation, the concepts established by the Oslo Guidelines and reflected in the International Standards for Statistics of Science, Technology and Innovation apply.

In accordance with these standards, innovation is the final result of innovative activity, embodied in the form of a new or improved product introduced on the market, a new or improved technological process used in practical activities, or in a new approach to social services.

Thus, innovation is a consequence of innovative activity.

In turn, analyzing various definitions, we can come to the conclusion that the specific content of innovation is change, and the main function of innovation activity is the function of change.

The Austrian scientist I. Schumpeter identified five typical changes: .

1. Use of new technology, new technological processes or new market support for production (purchase and sale).

2. Introduction of products with new properties.

3. Use of new raw materials.

4. Changes in the organization of production and its logistics. 5. Emergence of new markets.

J. Schumpeter formulated these provisions back in 1911.

In turn, the classification of innovations allows the organization implementing them to:

ensure a more accurate identification of each innovation, determining its place among others, as well as opportunities and limitations;

ensure an effective relationship between a specific type of innovation and innovation strategy;

ensure program planning and system management of innovation at all stages of its life cycle;

develop an appropriate organizational and economic mechanism for implementing the innovation and replacing it with a new one in order to ensure the strategic objectives of the organization;

develop an appropriate compensation mechanism (overcoming anti-innovation barriers) to reduce the impact of innovation on the stability and balance of the system.

There are a number of classifications of innovations in the literature. For example, A.I. Prigogine offers a typology of innovations based on 9 characteristics: .

1) by type of innovation:

logistics;

economic;

organizational and managerial;

legal;

pedagogical

From the point of view of influence on achieving the economic goals of the organization, material and technical innovations include:

innovation-products;

innovation processes.

Product innovations make it possible to ensure profit growth either by increasing the price of new products or modifying old ones. Process innovations can improve economic performance by: - improving the preparation of raw materials and process parameters, which leads to lower production costs and improved product quality.

The development of each core technology is characterized by an S-shaped logical curve. The slope of the curve and the turning points of development in each period of time reflect the effectiveness of technology and the degree to which technological potential is used. As the limit approaches, further use of this technology is not economically feasible

The dynamics of technology development along the S-shaped curve depends on the experience accumulated over time. The success of technological innovation depends on the speed of adaptation of the innovation to real production conditions and the characteristics of the environment in which the innovation process takes place. The relationship between product innovation and technological innovation. Currently, any historically stable industry can instantly turn into a volatile one through the diversification of related technologies. The likelihood of such an event occurring at any point in the demand life cycle increases the requirements for adoption. management decision based on a real assessment of the consequences of using new technology.

Electronic computer technology has become a powerful means of intensifying any development in recent decades. Its first contribution to the intensive technology of the innovation process at the enterprise was automation information support. Creation of information and reference and information retrieval systems, data banks, knowledge bases, etc. made it possible to sharply increase the completeness of coverage of available information, the purposefulness of its search and use.

In modern conditions of intensive production of new knowledge, the processes of creating new technical systems are characterized by the increasing complexity of design tasks: the number of alternatives for the implementation of individual subsystems, units, blocks is growing, the list of physical processes that form the basis of their production is increasing. As the number of alternatives increases, so does the number of feasible and workable combinations of these alternatives. All this leads to the need for adequate information support for design and engineering work, which is impossible in our time of ever-increasing flow of information without the help of a computer.

Academician V.N. Glushkov noted that “the aspects of the use of computers in invention are practically countless” and the next step in this regard was the use of the capabilities of electronic computer technology not only in the search for optimal physical operating principles (OPP) of future designs or technologies and technical solutions ( TR), but also in the discovery of new and more effective FPDs and TR.

For example, one of the methods for automated synthesis of technical solutions developed in our country allows us to obtain new, still unknown technical solutions by combining elements and features of known technical solutions, provides a largely automatic assessment and comparison of technical solutions options, automates the description of synthesized (selected) technical solutions in natural language or in the form of a graphic sketch.

Recently, human-machine expert systems have become increasingly important, making it possible to combine the experience, knowledge and intuition of people with the capabilities of electronic computing technology. Particularly promising is the use of such systems in the innovation process, which is usually characterized by significant uncertainty in the timing, required resources, and expected results.

According to Russian experts, first of all, expert systems are needed to test the objects being developed on test benches. Thus, an analysis of the innovative development process of a number of types of engines showed that they were created within 6-7 years. But at the same time, the time and money spent on testing the product accounted for more than 80 percent of the total costs of the project, and the useful time of the testing process itself was only 5-12 percent.

Such a low efficiency is explained, on the one hand, by the fact that due to the complexity of the mathematical description of the relationship between the physical processes occurring in the objects being developed, errors in the designs of complex systems are inevitable; on the other hand, when designing, it is not customary to provide for the possibility of failures, because it is initially assumed that the object will satisfy all the requirements established in the task.

It is necessary, however, to note that not during the design itself, but only in the process of long-term experimental processing and full-scale testing, it is possible to ensure high reliability and quality of the products being created. Savings on the development of a test program and system leads to the fact that immeasurably more time and money are lost to find out the causes of unexpected failures and eliminate them. Practice shows that this sometimes takes 90 percent of the time of experimental debugging of new products.

The use of an expert system, in which, in parallel with the design of the object, a program for its testing is prepared and optimized, makes it possible to identify weak spots in designs that can be corrected before the machines are put into operation. With the help of these systems, modern technology more fully takes into account its interaction with users and the external environment, monitoring and diagnostics are carried out, without which complex machines are considered uncompetitive today.

The enormous capabilities of expert systems are best revealed in their combination with other functional blocks and developed packages of application programs for computer-aided design systems.

In the USA, for example, there are already new means software Computers that make it possible to dramatically speed up and increase the accuracy of preliminary calculations of the cost of a prepared and manufactured product.” Thus, programs of the Kodak Corporation make it possible to reduce the time for drawing up cost estimates for production by 75 percent. As the experience of individual companies shows, with skillful use of these programs, deviations of preliminary results from actual cost indicators do not exceed 10 percent. Specialized computer-aided design (CAD) systems, designed exclusively for cost estimates, are able to operate with large databases, including data on more than 250 types of structural materials and 60 types of technological equipment.

With the help of some models of such complex systems, the choice of new technologies is optimized, the release time of a batch of products is calculated, the cost of the batch is determined, and the time spent on checking the quality of the products is determined. Fundamentally new approaches to the construction of such programs, oriented at the stage of design and technological development of a product, are also being introduced into practice. These programs are used to equip expert systems intended for designers and technologists.

The basic principle according to which the basis of such systems is formed is that from 50 to 80 percent of the future cost can be accurately determined at the stage of design and technological development. Typically, these programs are introduced into automated workstations (AWS) of designers and technologists, which significantly increases the efficiency of their use. Thanks to this, in particular, it becomes possible to analyze many cost options. Using new programs, the most experienced specialists are able to calculate the expected cost of a future product with an accuracy of up to 5% in half an hour.

Thus, thanks to the introduction of an expert system into the design process of large integrated circuits, it was possible to optimize their development, carry it out much faster and with better quality. One of these systems from the American company Bell helps designers obtain a description of the microcircuit, coordinate the transition from one stage to another, and automatically compose necessary documentation and so on.

DEK uses expert systems when developing the composition and configuration of manufactured computers, which allows it to create machines with optimal characteristics that meet all customer requirements.

Based on pre-established rules, the company's system determines what changes or additions must be made to the original computer configuration in order to ensure the delivery of a machine that meets the customer's needs and has a minimum cost.

Using this expert system, DEK determined the configuration of more than 90 thousand machines and in 98 percent of cases no problems arose. System productivity is six times higher compared to manual operation. At the same time, 2 percent of orders that were beyond the capabilities of the expert system contain the most interesting and complex new tasks, the solution of which requires maximum effort and high qualifications.

Thus, expert systems are not only a means of intensifying the technology of the innovation process, but are also capable of playing the role of “bloodhounds” looking for unknown innovative directions.

1.2 State policy for the development of innovation activities in the Russian Federation

The main role in supporting innovation belongs to the state. In turn, priority in the volume of innovations undoubtedly belongs to science - because It is thanks to it that discoveries occur that drive human progress forward. Taking into account the above factors, we will consider the process of developing innovation support programs using the example of government financing of science and its activities related to innovation.

Speaking about the modern economy, it is necessary to take into account its transitional nature. This affects the processes of state funding of scientific innovations. This process of change is caused by a number of factors. Among them, one cannot fail to mention the gradual increase with the beginning of the policy of price liberalization of the shortage of funds among commodity producers, the increase in the volume of mutual non-payments, which led to a decrease in the receipt of funds to scientific organizations of the industry profile from their main customers - industrial enterprises and associations. “Downsizing” trends also affected academic and university research organizations that have contractual relations with enterprises.

The most important source of funding for R&D is budgetary funds. They are used primarily to finance research and development in the defense industries, as well as to finance budgetary organizations and conduct fundamental and applied research in academic and university organizations. The above leads to the conclusion that the drop in demand for scientific and technical products in the initial period of the formation of market relations, which led to the difficult financial situation of many scientific organizations, was an inevitable consequence of a change in the fundamental principles of the functioning of the economy. In this situation, the factors for the survival of scientific organizations will be the qualifications of their personnel and material and technical equipment. But in any case, a change in existing organizational structures seems inevitable. However, this process should not be dramatized. It will contribute to the formation of an adequate market economy in the scientific and technical sphere, more adapted to the implementation of the task of accelerating scientific and technological technical progress. However, favorable conditions for self-regulation will not appear immediately. Therefore, in the modern period the role of the state is increasing. Another, relatively new area for enterprises to use their funds not related to R&D is the purchase of shares and bonds joint stock companies and enterprises, valuable papers state with the subsequent receipt of dividends (interest) on them, as well as the opening of time deposit accounts in a commercial bank at the interest specified in the loan agreement.

The third area of government financial support for the scientific and technical sphere is profit-oriented organizations.

In addition to methods of direct (through contracts, issuing subsidies, etc.) government funding of research and development, it is necessary to actively use the so-called indirect financing of scientific and technical activities, which stimulates an increase in enterprise expenses.

Other incentives are also applied to stimulate the research and development activities of companies, and their composition and size are constantly being specified. Thus, in the 80s in the USA, in conclusion of the chapter, we note that the conditions for adapting the emerging system of financing scientific and technical progress to the realities of a market economy is an active state scientific and technical policy: firstly, aimed at direct financing of both specific R&D and individual scientific organizations in the existence and development of which the state is interested; secondly, establishing clear funding priorities.

Chapter II Innovation in small business

2.1 The role of the innovative sphere of small and venture businesses in the state economy

A fairly common point of view is that small business is an innovative business, because... it has a much more fluid organizational structure. Small enterprises, in the struggle for survival, are more willing to use innovative technologies and developments, and a significant part of firms are directly focused on the commercialization of technologies. But all enterprises arise as small ones, and all are new in some way. Everything innovative is new, but not everything new is innovation. The organizers of the TACIS project proposed their own definition of a small innovative enterprise (SIE). SIE is an enterprise whose share of products older than three years in the total volume of output is no more than 10%. Despite the fact that only about 6% of the total number of employees in small businesses work in the innovation sector, this area of small business development can be place it in one of the first places in terms of importance for economic development. Small enterprises engaged in innovative activities (SIE) began to emerge on a large scale already in the second half of the 80s. Their development made it possible to speed up the innovation process and overcome the obstacles to technical progress that existed in a planned economy - departmental barriers, inconsistency of stages of the innovation process, and the monopolistic position of individual participants in the overall process. The rapid growth in the number of MPIDs at this time was also influenced by the lack of demand for scientists in the previous period and limited opportunities to demonstrate their abilities in state academic and industrial scientific institutions. A significant part of MPID, regardless of its name, functioned in the field of intermediary services. In the field of R&D, MPID was mainly involved in the development of software products, design work, and economic research. In the early 90s, MPID found itself in difficult conditions of rapid decline in demand for scientific products due to the investment crisis, which caused a decline in innovation activity, and an increase in the budget deficit. Currently, MPIDs are not linked to investment demand, so their profitability has declined sharply. Research and development is carried out either on rented equipment or through free use of it on site. A characteristic feature of the development of small innovative businesses at present is its instability.

Small entrepreneurship in the innovation sphere is currently being formed in several ways. MPID can be separated from large state scientific organizations. Their funding is constantly declining and they are unable to adapt to new economic conditions. The activities of small firms in this case are aimed mainly at modernizing and improving the types of equipment developed at the parent company. MPID can be created as market backup laboratories and departments of industry research institutes and factories and be engaged in both purely scientific and applied research, and a full innovation cycle. Another way to form MPID is to unite a group of developers to produce competitive and profitable high-tech products. The period of existence of such MPIDs is often limited by the time frame for the implementation of a certain idea.

MPIDs can also be formed as intermediaries for the promotion of innovations and technologies created by specialists in the field of specific equipment and technology. The role of such firms is especially significant in regions where scientific, technical and marketing ties are weaker than in the center.

The deep systemic economic crisis of the Russian economy confirmed that the financial system and the power of the state are based on the power industrial production, and forced the attention of all interested parties to the real sector of the economy. In post-crisis integration processes (after August 1998) begins to prevail industrial capital, providing closer interaction with finance; diversification processes that have a scientific, technological, regional and economic focus are intensifying. It is its development through the maximum attraction of investments in the real sector of the economy, and above all its innovation sphere, that should become the cornerstone of state investment and innovation policy in Russia in modern conditions.

The more acute the crisis of large-scale production, the greater the hope for small business as a “market generator” of innovative ideas, accelerating “from below” (at the micro level) the processes of structural transformations planned “from above” (at the macro level), the more active is the “growing” of new organizational management structures innovative activities, their replication on an increasingly economically significant scale as “points (poles) of growth”, the faster the formation of a new corporate strategy and tactics by using the advantages of small forms of project organization during technology transfer. .

The development of innovative activity and the development (support) of small business at the present stage are largely interconnected; they complement and stimulate each other.

In modern conditions, technical progress, understood not only as the application of new production methods (innovations in production processes); but also as the creation and significant improvement of goods (innovations in products). In this regard, the main “points (poles) of growth” are innovative monopolies that arise in the process of producing improved or completely new goods and services. A monopoly position can be occupied not only by large, but also by medium and small enterprises. It all depends on the industry, the product produced or the services provided.

2.2 State regulation of innovative activities in the sphere of small and venture businesses

Abroad, in almost all developed industrial countries, there is a system of state stimulation of innovative activities of small and medium-sized enterprises. Thus, in France, having made sure that the increase in the activity of small and medium-sized firms affects the growth of the country’s international competitiveness, they are implementing special programs to help innovative enterprises, participating in their costs through subsidies, tax breaks, preferential loans, risk capital and consulting.

Most shining example China demonstrates successful innovation policy, especially for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. High degree of legal support in the field of technology transfer; a tax system that exempts small enterprises engaged in the development of new technologies from income tax; their system of preferential lending and financial support ensured the effective use of scientific and technical potential and high profits from innovation activities.

In this regard, active structural policy is of great importance - a constantly renewed and ongoing process, unthinkable without active government regulation, which should and can contribute to the optimal development and functioning of innovative monopolies

Speaking about government regulation, it can be noted that whatever the general reasons, all countries with market economies face serious problems. Therefore, many of the problems facing Russia are not caused by the peculiarities of the transformation period, but by the cardinal defects of the market, which are recognized by all economists in the world. The current crisis of the global market system indicates a process of fundamental changes in adaptation, in which a large place is given to innovative monopolies. The main vector of movement of countries with market economies includes capitalist planning in one form or another. The market at a certain stage of its development gives rise to the objective need for forecasting and planning of economic processes that act as a negation of the market. As in the process of development of the command-administrative system, the need arises for market relations, which act as a negation of the system that generates them. All this acts as an objective reaction of systems to difficulties arising in the process of their functioning. In the very general view Forecasting and planning become tools that allow a market economy to overcome its own organic shortcomings by combining the non-state and public sectors. (Annex 1).

At present, no society, from the most centralized to the most decentralized, is currently capable of creating an effectively functioning mechanism. Social, political and technological factors are of great importance. Objective reality testifies in favor of the position that, in general, the economy is a harmonious and logical system, and the real problems and difficulties facing any society, both Russian and American, are a manifestation not only and, perhaps, not so much of economic laws , but those political and moral values that dominate in society, the basis of which is politics and morality in the form of collective will and personal value system. The entire human civilization is experiencing a crisis. Does not exist; any one medicine in the form of a market, a plan, a forecast, the law of supply and demand, and what is needed is their optimal combination at each specific stage (time period), which in many cases is achievable under the conditions of an innovative monopoly. In terms of developing a forecasting and planning system at the enterprise level, it is innovative monopolies that have the greatest potential.

From the standpoint of the development of modern economic systems and achieving the greatest efficiency of their functioning, public policy in economic sphere along with others, it should pursue the goals and objectives of forming innovative monopolies, preventing their transformation into “classical” monopolies. In this regard, two types of markets can be distinguished:

Traditional - where, in the garden of objective laws of competition, processes of concentration and specialization of capital occur, ultimately leading to the formation of a monopoly. In this situation, the government must take a full range of measures aimed at developing competition and limiting monopolistic tendencies;

New - when an enterprise objectively obtains a monopoly position due to the implementation of effective innovative activities. In this case, the state is already dealing with an innovation monopoly and must encourage the preservation of its innovative character.

There are the following basic approaches that can be taken to determine the presence or absence of a monopoly in a particular market.

Firstly, market results, when a comparison is made of the ideal (hypothetical innovation-monopolistic) market with the actual situation. Secondly, the behavior of economic agents when considering economic behavior monopoly to identify its innovative essence. The identification, analysis and prevention of elements of collusion and tacit agreements between enterprises are of great importance. Thirdly, market structure, when, due to restrictions on the ability of an enterprise to freely exit or enter an industry, serious problems arise with the promotion of competition.

Criteria for determining the boundaries of effective government intervention in economic systems In terms of encouraging the innovation component in the activities of monopolies, the effectiveness of the functioning of monopoly enterprises, ensuring the effectiveness of influencing the course of economic processes in the field of innovation, and the effectiveness of budget policy are important. In terms of ensuring effective functioning, the state must act as the main guarantor of providing all citizens with economic freedom, without which freedom of political, innovative, entrepreneurial, spiritual, scientific, creative, etc. is unthinkable. In terms of specifying this provision, the state should strive to objectively assess its own compatibility with the market, innovation and competition and find ways to achieve effective compatibility. In cases where the state is not able to ensure the achievement of education and development of innovative monopolies in a specific time period, it should limit your interference in economic processes. Conversely, when the state has every opportunity to promote the economic development of this type of monopoly, its inaction is very often unlawful and can lead to negative consequences both in the short and long term. All methods of state regulation of a market economy should not be aimed at suppressing market signals, including those associated with the emergence of innovative monopolies, but at predicting the likely consequences of their change and be based on the institutions of market organization social production. The state must pursue an active state structural policy, the main goal of which should be to stimulate innovative monopolies and structural changes generated by the market. Structural policy should help ensure and stimulate socially acceptable adaptation of monopolistic enterprises to rapidly changing conditions, especially in industries that are on the verge of decline, stagnation or whose growth is unstable, when these issues are transformed into problems of employment. At the same time, a decisive structural transformation is required in industries that are unable to establish themselves in modern economic conditions. Structural policy should focus on encouraging technological progress and consist of direct and indirect support for innovative enterprises, incl. and innovation monopolies. Indirect methods here include stimulation of R&D and government intervention within the framework of technology policy.

In these conditions, state support for small businesses in the innovation sphere is necessary to stabilize the first stage of the production process and more efficiently use its resource potential; for their subsequent maintenance at a level sufficient to achieve continuous and progressive low-inflationary socio-economic development, accompanied by stable production growth, a reduction in unemployment through the creation of new jobs and an increase in the purchasing power of the Russian population; to solve in the future the strategic goal of the socio-economic development of any democratic state - increasing the well-being of the people.

State support for small businesses in the innovation sphere in the context of limited investment resources should be based on the relationship between the federal and regional bodies implementing it and their development of a unified policy, adapted in each specific case to specific regional conditions. Supporting small businesses in the innovation sphere at the federal level involves determining state priorities for its development and forming the fund of financial resources necessary for investment from the federal budget. Taking into account the real needs of the regions requires that federal policy be based not on the territorial affiliation of small businesses, but on a targeted approach. Investment funds to support specific areas of small business development should be allocated at the federal level on a targeted basis, based on the extent to which a specific regional program or a specific regional project for supporting small businesses meets the national goals of creating a competitive environment, creating additional jobs, conversion, increasing scientific and technical level of production, support for certain categories of the population and improvement of the environmental situation. Intraregional policy for supporting small businesses in the innovation sector should include two blocks - programs and activities that are important for the development of this particular region, implemented directly at the regional level using local resources; programs and events that are of interregional significance and meet the objectives of the national program for the formation of a system of support for small businesses. The relationship between federal and regional bodies supporting small businesses and their development of a unified policy should find concrete expression in the balance of various sources of financing for regional programs for the development of small businesses.

State investment resources should be concentrated on the most important areas of the functioning of small businesses that meet both federal and regional interests, namely, small businesses in the innovation sphere. At the federal level, state functional-target priorities in investing in small businesses in the innovation sphere should include ensuring the interests of the latter in the course of interdepartmental coordination of the activities of federal departments providing state support for innovation activities in the following areas:

Formation and implementation of a unified state investment and innovation policy (coordination of the goals of the three main agents of economic activity - in fact, “innovators” who generate ideas and design the means of their implementation; entrepreneurs; legal entities any organizational and legal forms implementing innovative projects; government bodies that establish legislative norms and subordinate standards and regulations);

Stimulating the activity of participants in the unified state investment and innovation policy, including direct support for participants providing “inter-program” coordination of innovation activities in the interests of providing state support to small businesses.

Achieving the interests of small businesses in the innovation sphere can be implemented within the framework of solving the following main tasks at the federal level.

1.Planning the sectoral, functional, territorial structure for the development of innovation activities and state budgetary resources for its state support.

2.Organization and maintenance of the federal register for recording applications for support of innovative projects.

3.Implementation of government orders for state support of innovation activities.

4.Improving the federal contract system in terms of selective management of state support.

5. Promoting the development of small businesses in the innovation sphere and the conversion of defense enterprises, as well as increasing the scientific and technical level of production.

6. Promotion of cooperation both among innovative firms (venture companies) themselves, and their cooperation and cooperation with large and medium-sized enterprises.

7. Support in the field of foreign economic activity.

8.Formation of the social sphere.

9. Support for improving the environmental situation.

10. Maintaining certain imbalances and nonequilibrium states in the economy for the redistribution of resources and organizing the redistribution of resources in favor of innovative monopolies.

11.Creation and development of support infrastructure.

12. Implementation of tax policy of state support in the innovation sector.

13. Carrying out an investment policy of state support in the innovation sector.

1. Planning the sectoral, functional, territorial structure for the development of innovative activities.

In accordance with the “Fundamentals”, the main measures of state stimulation of scientific, scientific-technical and innovative activities in priority areas of development of science, technology and engineering in the field of improving the structure of the public sector of science and high technology, strengthening the material and technical base of science, increasing the efficiency of use of state property are:

Carrying out an inventory of the scientific and technical complex, including science cities, including changing (if necessary) the organizational and legal form and form of ownership of scientific organizations;

Improving the academic sector of science by concentrating resources on solving fundamental scientific problems, optimizing the management system of scientific and scientific-technical activities, clarifying the number of subordinate scientific organizations and the number of employees;

Giving state scientific centers of the Russian Federation the functions of leading organizations in the most important areas of technology and engineering development;

Sale of excess property and unfinished construction facilities released in the process of restructuring the scientific and technical complex, using the funds received for additional financing of measures to strengthen the material and technical base of scientific organizations;

Use, in accordance with the established procedure, of part of the fixed assets of scientific organizations, released in the process of restructuring the scientific and technical complex, to support small scientific and innovative entrepreneurship, the creation of scientific and technological parks, innovation and technology centers and other objects of innovative activity;

Improvement of the current accreditation system for wrist organizations, transition to their certification and certification taking into account international quality standards:

Bringing targeted funding for the development of instrumentation: base, maintenance of unique stands and installations used in conducting research and development in priority areas of development of science, technology and engineering to 5% of the amount of funds allocated from the federal budget for basic research and promoting scientific and technological progress;

Providing budget compensation to state scientific organizations and state higher education institutions educational institutions for payment of taxes on property (unique scientific equipment, stands, installations and structures) according to the list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;

Decline customs duties for imported specialized scientific equipment that has no domestic analogues (within overall strategy reduction of customs duties on imported technological equipment);

Increasing budget allocations for Scientific research And experimental developments for civil purposes in connection with the transfer to the federal budget of income from the rental of federally owned property by scientific organizations;

Compensation from budgets of all levels of expenses of state scientific organizations - state unitary enterprises for land rent (within the limits of land plots recognized by the results of the inventory as necessary for scientific and scientific-technical activities).

Planning of the sectoral, functional, territorial structure for the development of innovative activity in the small business environment is carried out through the distribution of state budgetary resources for its state support (determining the volume and structure of government orders).

2. Organization and maintenance of the federal register for recording applications for support of innovative projects of small businesses, and their satisfaction by stages (receipt of applications and their codification, preliminary examination and decisions made on state support, implementation of decisions and allocated starting resources from the state budget, attracted financial resources from extra-budgetary sources and the results of their total costs, including an analysis of the effectiveness of the implemented project, as well as conclusions from the analysis to improve the planning of state support in the future).

3. Implementation of state orders for state support of innovation activities through the preparation and conclusion of interrelated (across the “verticals” and “horizontals” of state management support for small businesses) contracts (agreements) and multilateral government contracts to support selected innovative projects proposed by small businesses, including direct financial support on a shared basis in the pre-commercial phases of implementing innovative ideas (completion of R&D, business planning, commercialization of R&D results, assistance in obtaining documents of protection for intellectual property, searching for strategic partners and potential investors, organizing and supporting investment development processes in the start-up period).

4. Improving the federal contract system in terms of selective management of state support, depending on the ratio of such indicators of the effectiveness of an innovative project as “Profitability-risk-liquidity”, the importance of the project in terms of the implementation of state policy priorities in the relevant area, methods of providing budget allocations ( in the form of grants, interest-free loans, preferential loans, government guarantees) at different phases of its implementation, as well as the cost of a new business that will be engaged in replicating (exploiting) the results of an innovative project (production of goods using new technologies, new services for promoting goods to consumers, new consumer niches for goods and services as a result of the spread of innovation).

5. Promoting the development of MPID and the conversion of defense enterprises, as well as increasing the scientific and technical level of production is a current direction of state policy to support small businesses. In the context of the ongoing investment crisis, it turned out to be extremely narrowed material basis for the implementation and dissemination of scientific and technological progress. MPID can help expand the use of already known advanced technologies and equipment in enterprises in the civil sector of the economy. State policy should provide for the creation of a preferential tax regime for small science-intensive venture capital companies, providing risk capital to MPID on the basis of providing loans for research projects that meet federal requirements and regional interests. The activities of MPID should be focused on technical developments and their implementation in production. A significant part of the financial support for small businesses provided for by state policy should be directed to regions that are carrying out conversion and major structural restructuring and have sufficient scientific and technical potential and qualified personnel. Investment and innovation policy in this area should be aimed at identifying, through competitive selection, taking into account the economic situation, the most promising MPIDs in various fields of science. Prospective projects that have passed the examination should receive government assistance at the stage of idea development, and then, at the stage of product development, attract capital from commercial structures, significantly reducing the investment risk of investors.

6. Promoting cooperation both between the MPIDs themselves and their cooperation and cooperation with large and medium-sized enterprises. Cooperation of MPID is necessary for joint resolution of issues that cannot be resolved at the level of an individual company, for example, issues related to a noticeable improvement in the use of fixed assets. It is easier for cooperative MPIDs to defend their own investment interests in relations with medium and large enterprises, with government agencies authorities at various levels. State support for such cooperation requires additional financial and other benefits for MPID that support sustainable economic relationships. Within the framework of associations (cooperations) of MPID in the regions, the solution of problems associated with the emergence of new small firms and their functioning can be accelerated. These are: legal registration, obtaining a loan, purchasing the necessary equipment, recruiting personnel, consulting, protecting the interests of MPID, coordinating production relations with public and private companies. The development of such associations can be facilitated by the provision of orders by federal and regional authorities to large and medium-sized enterprises, subject to the obligation of their cooperation with small firms, assistance in the acquisition and sale of the latter’s products. The development of small businesses in the innovation sphere can be facilitated by the integration of MPID into the production structures of more powerful economic entities. A large enterprise can provide MPID with accounting assistance, give recommendations on sales strategy, organize management consultations and staff training. Stimulating cooperation between small and medium-sized and large enterprises can be carried out on the basis of commitments large enterprises provide small firms with a certain share of orders for contract work. Financial and industrial groups can play a special role in solving this problem as part of the formation of a new corporate strategy and tactics by “implanting” small innovative firms into financial and industrial groups by using the advantages of small forms of organization of project business during technological transfer (intersectoral transfer and territorial diffusion domestic scientific and technical achievements). Leasing, franchising, and long-term contracts for the supply of components under certain financial guarantees can be used as organizational forms of such integration. The advantage of this variant of industrial organization will be the creation of guaranteed sales markets for MPID, especially in cases where financial and industrial groups make a breakthrough into export markets.

What is innovation?

The very word “innovation” leads us to think that it is somehow connected with innovation, the future, new technologies, etc. In fact, this is a short definition of the word “innovation”.

If we go into detail and write a more detailed definition, then this is an innovation that helps ensure a qualitative, quantitative increase in the efficiency of an enterprise, production, etc.

Innovative ideas

It is quite simple to understand that the phrase “innovative ideas” refers to projects in which it is worth investing both money and time. After all, they will definitely pay off later. New business ideas with an eye to the future will soon become relevant and in demand. You can look at a couple of the most interesting and promising ideas for the future.

Pure water from the sun

Water, and even from the sun, where is the logic here, many people will say, but not everyone follows the “know-how” in the business world. Just such a startup was recently proposed in the United States of America and has already begun its partial implementation. The Source device allows you to easily install it in your summer cottage and, thanks to the energy of the sun, receive water. How can this work, many will ask?

The technology is quite simple. The device, similar to a solar panel, collects moisture from the air and condenses it, turning it into liquid. In this way, pure water is obtained, since during the condensation process it goes through several stages of purification through the mechanism.

Our planet already has more than 7 billion people, there is less and less water for everyone, it is more difficult to clean it, and the rate of pollution is catastrophic. This device allows you to safely provide your home with water. In addition, it is so economical, because water consumption is reduced.

Electricity from the sun

Above we discussed the production of clean water from solar energy. This is all in the near future, and now let’s look at what has already entered our present and will soon become more and more popular. The competition for innovative ideas often gives preference to environmentally friendly and economical projects, which is important.

It is precisely such a startup that can be called selling and a Device that is capable of generating a sufficient amount of electricity that can provide a private house light, is becoming more and more popular. At a time when everyone is looking for cost-effective and environmentally friendly new business ideas, such a project is very promising. Of course, if the energy consumption is colossal, then you will have to buy a fairly large number of panels. However, any businessman knows that such a project will pay off fairly quickly, because there are no more expenses for electricity, we make an investment once and then only pay for our batteries over the years. Some companies make their own stations that can provide electricity to a small village. For now, this seems unrealistic to many, but literally in 5-10 years, and this will become commonplace, you need to seize the moment while there are no competitors.

New generation robots

Promoting innovative ideas is a good thing. A thought-out and well-thought-out idea can be sold for good money. Meanwhile, many scientists have been working for many years to create the technologies of the future. And I must admit, they succeed very well. More and more often in the news you can see how robots appear that are capable of responding and performing certain actions. It is clear that progress will not stop there, and technology will continue to develop at a rapid pace.

What is happening now? In the near future, innovative ideas for creating a robot that will do everything will become a reality. The first robots appear that can be used in production. They will be able to replace up to several hundred workers due to their versatility. Any businessman only dreams of such a miracle robot, thanks to which he can save a considerable amount, because he does not need to pay wages, unless he requires good investments, especially when the first and most expensive copies appear.

Plastic products

A completely environmentally friendly and profitable type of business. To implement it, you need one resource - plastic. Every day, tons of this plastic is thrown away by people all over the world. What for? After all, it can be used usefully. Not only is there an opportunity to cleanse the planet of harmful emissions, but there is also a way to earn good money.

A business idea such as an innovative plan is already becoming popular, but it is not distributed on such a scale throughout the planet as we would like. All you need is to purchase equipment for finding plastic. It’s not difficult to find plastic; you can put a waste bin made of plastic and people will start recycling such a valuable resource there. Any environmental project is always welcomed by the state, especially in recent years, when the problem of environmental pollution has become increasingly urgent.

Electric cars

Yes, and even such innovative ideas are no longer just dreams from the future, they become truly realistic in the present. So, for example, large firms car manufacturers such as Volkswagen are already developing and slowly launching the first electric cars.

Successfully developing automobile companies would not so easily engage in the development and production of electric vehicles; they are definitely aware of the coming changes and want to become pioneers in a new round of industry development. Progress does not stand still, everything is developing at a breakneck pace, and if we don’t see similar cars on the street now, then in 10-15 years this will be quite possible. Moreover, special gas stations for such cars will be located in different places, accessible to everyone. Ways to increase the mileage of such cars are already being thought through, so that the world will soon witness a new trend in business.

Flying drones

There are more and more achievements of scientific and technological progress around us; we can see a variety of devices and mechanisms that are no longer acquired only by businessmen and rich people, but are also becoming available to ordinary people.

Drones or quadcopters are already part of our everyday life. They perform different functions and become more and more versatile as development progresses. Most often, we see drones as aircraft that allow you to film and make video broadcasts from a bird's eye view. There is no need to go up in a helicopter, waste time, money, when you can just send a drone into the air, and now you have an excellent overview and good quality shooting. Selling quadcopters is becoming an increasingly profitable business; you can make good money selling them, on the one hand, or you can rent them out, receiving a stable income.

However, the first drones have already appeared that are capable of carrying passengers. Like a small drone plane, they can transport a person from one point to another. This device only has one button and a couple of commands. You can take off, get to the desired point, and land.

Every person now strives to avoid traffic jams, but due to the increase in the number of cars and drivers on the road, this is not easy to do. Such drones allow you to transport passengers anywhere in the city. Such a mechanism was created just like an air taxi, which could transport people in heavy traffic jams in the shortest possible time. Now this also seems like science fiction, but it is already among us, very soon the world will begin to change even more rapidly.

These are such innovative ideas. Several examples have been discussed, but the number is much larger. Soon you will see them around you. Developing innovative ideas is a simple matter, but useful, you just have to try, and suddenly you will be able to do something new and incredible...

Innovative business ideas allow entrepreneurs to occupy a free niche in the modern market goods and services and create a profitable enterprise with good prospects.

Before introducing innovative business ideas, it is necessary to calculate the possible risks. According to investors' estimates, only 30-35% of projects generate income. But the profit received from successful ideas is so high that it pays off all other costs. If even experienced investors cannot guarantee the success of a particular idea, what should a beginner who wants to create his own business do?

A good solution is the modernization and new design solution of goods and services already existing on the market. Updating and improving old products is perceived by the average person as a new trend or innovation. There are many examples when the “well-forgotten old” came into fashion in a completely new design or with a set of additional functions.

The selfie stick, invented in 1925, patented in a completely new design in the eighties of the last century, and only today has become a popular product.
Touchscreen phones, thought to be the work of Steve Jobs, were actually released in 1992 by IBM. The screen itself was invented in 1965.
Google Glass “augmented reality” glasses are a prototype of a device manufactured in 1961.

These and many more examples can serve as good tips for budding entrepreneurs. But such developments require serious financial investments and a fairly long period of implementation on the market. A pressing question immediately arises: what innovative ideas for small businesses can be used in a crisis, when a newcomer does not have starting capital and at the same time expects to receive a good profit in a very short time?

Innovation in production: franchise business

Innovative business ideas in manufacturing usually require significant investment. But don't be upset. For beginners, there is an excellent opportunity to organize their own enterprise by purchasing a franchise of a well-known brand. By the way, recently the cost of franchises has decreased noticeably, and many offers have appeared from Russian companies, causing more confidence among the population.

For example, AltaiStroyMash, a company whose activity is, offers: a wide selection of production options, certified equipment and several ready-made business plans for only 60,000 rubles. The payback period for a franchise business is 1-2 months.

A 3D photo that comes to life is new business idea in the field of photography. The scale of the target audience is limitless, because many people, regardless of age, want to have a bright, lively photograph. The manufacturer of equipment for the 3D photo studio is DanceHeads, which has developed and patented its invention. Working as a franchise, an entrepreneur will be able to receive up to 1,000,000 rubles from one studio. per year of net profit.

Advertising and promotion: new technologies

The best innovative business ideas in 2016 take into account the situation in the economy: lack of finance and decline in sales. One of such projects in Russia is blikfang - an advertising promotion channel that is used daily by more than 300,000 advertisers. Through blifcang commercials broadcast in shopping and entertainment centers, train stations and airports, hotels and other establishments with high traffic.

It’s very easy to make money with blifcang: install it in a public place and broadcast commercials for 24 hours for 2000-3000 rubles. Advertisers will be happy to use such a service, and the owner will only have to make a profit.

A blifcang costs about 70,000 rubles. Net profit will be from 50,000 rubles. per month. In just 1-3 months the investment will pay off in full. A creative marketing technique will allow you to easily and quickly make money with minimum investment at the start.

New business ideas

When choosing innovative ideas for business from scratch, you should rely on the population’s need for a particular product.

Even during a crisis, people's basic needs remain the same:

food products: bread, meat, vegetables, oil and others;
beauty and health: medicines, clinics, sports and cosmetic products and services;
clothing and shoes;
education;
safety;
transport;
finance;
other.

Almost every idea can be modernized and presented in a new form to the buyer.

For example, beauty salons, gyms, game rooms can become mobile and come to the client. A gym on wheels can be located at a certain time in the most convenient place for the client. Employees of offices, manufacturing and industrial enterprises, trade and entertainment centers They will be glad to have the opportunity to exercise for an hour or two, saving time on the way to the fitness center. This applies to hairdressers, baths and hot food outlets.

Each business idea will find its client. It is important to remember that the world is constantly improving, and people are interested in everything new and unusual.