What can be found in the basement. How to open a successful business in the basement. Who owns the basement in an apartment building

As you know, small and medium-sized businesses need small premises. However, the rental price of commercial real estate is now far from cheap, and sometimes renting it, and even more so buying it, takes most of the profit from a businessman. IN more this applies to large cities, where the shortage of space for business is felt especially acutely.

In this regard, basements and semi-basements, as a rule, residential buildings have become one of the most sought-after segments of the market. This is explained by the fact that the relatively low purchase price or relatively low price the rent of such commercial real estate significantly reduces the costs of the entrepreneur, which ultimately makes his business much more profitable.

Photo of a minibar located in the basement of a residential building.

However, such premises are not suitable for all types of activities. Therefore, before renting or acquiring such real estate, an entrepreneur must first decide which business can be organized in the basement and which cannot.

In addition, it will be useful to learn how to properly create a “basement” business for a businessman so that in the future you will not encounter serious problems. In a word, having understood all the nuances already at the initial stage and approaching the organization competently, you can guarantee that the business in the basement will flourish.

Very important!
It should be noted that in most cases it is troublesome to open a “basement” business - but profitable, provided that the business is planned to be organized for more than one year.
If the businessman needs the premises for short term, then he is unlikely to feel a big benefit.
The exception is extraordinary cases when the basement is rented out at a very low price and in a ready state, with all available permits which is practically impossible nowadays.

What kind of business to do in the basement is prohibited, and what kind of business is possible.

Small shop in the basement.

According to urban planning standards, in the basement apartment buildings owning a business is not prohibited. However, there are limitations to this, which are already taken into account at the planning stage.

So, on the basement area of an apartment building, an entrepreneur will not be able to locate the following commercial facilities:

industrial premises (exceptions are restoration and art workshops);
medical organizations;
entertainment facilities (casinos, floppy disks, dance and other circles);
funeral homes;
laundries or dry cleaners;
public toilets;
baths or saunas with pools.

All other private institutions may well exist in such premises, but their activities various structures there are certain requirements. So, for example, to open a store, an area not exceeding 400 square meters can be used. m. However, there are no restrictions on storage and utility rooms at the store.

An assortment in this point of sale can be the most diverse (except for flammable goods), but the operating time is limited - up to 23 hours. Hairdressing salons can open on an area not exceeding 300 square meters. m. There are no significant restrictions on offices, but, alas, it is forbidden to locate wholesale and small-scale warehouse facilities in the basement in accordance with SNiP.

As for cafes, they can operate in the basement of a residential apartment building under the following conditions: opening hours up to 23 hours; there should be no musical accompaniment; accept no more than 50 visitors at the same time.

Possible problems when creating a business in the basement of an apartment building, recommendations for their solution.

A small barbershop in the basement of an apartment building.

Legal issues

An entrepreneur who is going to open a business in the basement must first determine its status. According to the current legislation of our country, basically all auxiliary premises of multi-apartment buildings belong to the community of owners. The collective property also includes the nearby territory and basement areas, which are intended to service a residential building.

In this case, a businessman, in order to start a business in such a place and use it for his needs, will need to obtain permission from most of the people living there. This significantly complicates the task, since someone will definitely be against this idea.

Here it will be necessary not only to apply all your charm, but also to provide reasoned evidence that the business will not provide any inconvenience or problems to residents in the future. It will be desirable to convince them that the activity created under their apartments will be very useful to them.

If an entrepreneur plans to acquire a basement as a property, then it should be noted that in the premises where important intra-house communications are located, the transfer of such objects to private ownership is prohibited by law. The solution to this problem may be the re-registration of some part of the basement, in which there are no important communications.

When acquiring or renting a basement, you should pay great attention to its condition (the photo shows an object that requires huge unprofitable investments).

In this case, it will be necessary to redevelop the basement, which is also a difficult task. In this case, a businessman will need a lot of strength and endurance, since such a process is very complicated and paperwork will take a lot of time and nerves.

In particular, an entrepreneur, in addition to the residents of the house, will have to apply to many structures and get permits from organizations such as: the chief architect of the city, a design organization, a housing office, a notary's office, BTI, surveyors, a district administration, a fire service, a sanitary and epidemiological station.

There are also “independent” basements that are on the balance sheet of some organizations, so an entrepreneur who decides to open a business in such a room should know that only these institutions have the right to give him the go-ahead for this. In order to get information on who owns the basement, a businessman will need to contact the BTI, since it is there that they own such data.

Sauna for doing business in the basement of a private house.

Very important!
It is much easier to organize a business in the basement of a private house, since it is already in the possession of the owner of such housing, therefore, there will be much less paperwork.
The main thing is that when arranging such a room for any business, the safety instructions should be observed, and existing standards should be taken into account.

Organizational matters

System ventilation device for offices, cafes, hairdressers and other commercial facilities located in the basement.

In order for the entrepreneur not to run into problems and not ruin his own business with his own hands, you should adhere to the following tips at the initial stage of arranging the basement and in the process of doing business:

It is necessary to organize the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems in the basement. If they are already there, then you should check their functioning.

It is also very important to organize isolation from noise and odors, which, as a rule, always occur during any work process. If these aspects are ignored, and they disturb the tenants, then a couple of collective complaints from them to the appropriate authorities will create many problems for the entrepreneur, up to the closure of the business. In this regard, spoiling relations with the residents of the house is highly discouraged.

Image of a basement with soundproofing material (zvukizol).

Since dampness is usually constantly present in the basement, the entrepreneur should definitely take care of organizing high-quality waterproofing in it. Otherwise, the fungus that appears will not only adversely affect the decoration of the room and furniture, but will also create an unbearable atmosphere for people to stay in it.

With great attention, you also need to approach the organization of good lighting, since it practically does not penetrate into the basement natural light. To save energy, which will need a lot, it is better in this case to use economical modern lamps.

Basement waterproofing scheme inside and out.

Advice!
Having chosen the basement as a commercial premises, it is advisable for a businessman to organize the business in such a way that it is beneficial not only to him, but also to the residents of the house.
For example, having arranged the nearby territory, the entrepreneur will win over both grandmothers sitting on a bench and mothers walking in the yard with children.

Conclusion

Thus, it became clear that basements can be used to open almost many cost-effective activities, and they will help the entrepreneur to significantly reduce both the initial investment and further expenses. Watch the video in this article and you will learn how to use the basement for business more efficiently.

Long-term rent or privatization of a basement is cheaper for an entrepreneur than renting an office or apartment. Keeping a business in the basement is quite profitable, however, it should be properly formalized from a technical and legal point of view.

Firstly, to rent a basement, you need the consent of the owners, whether it be a municipal structure or the majority of residents of a cooperative house.
Secondly, there are restrictions on the types of activities that can be done in the basement. Toxic production using chemicals is prohibited by law, and a noisy establishment with music will annoy apartment owners, which will lead to numerous complaints and conflicts.
Thirdly, it is important to take into account all the risks and costs of repairs and upgrades. The basement is often in disrepair. It is necessary to prepare the premises so that it meets all standards and does not harm the health of employees and visitors.

What activities are allowed to be carried out in the basement of a residential building

If we are talking about a private house, everything is much simpler here. The entrepreneur is the owner and tenant at the same time. But organizing a business in the basement of an apartment building is a rather troublesome task.

In the basement, you can open a shop or service center.

For small and medium-sized businesses, basements with an area of 30-250 square meters are of interest. m, where you can open an office, workshop or shop. In general, an area of no more than 400 square meters is allowed to be used for trade. m, excluding storage and utility rooms. The area for a beauty salon should not exceed 300 square meters. m. But a basement of this size in the city is almost impossible to find, so we are talking about small rooms.

Most often, of course, they open a business related to servicing people living in the house and its environs.

Pharmacies, grocery and industrial stores, stationery, clothing boutiques, small outlets with specialized goods.
Atelier and workshops for the repair of clothes, shoes.
Repair service for computers, telephones and household appliances.
An office that accepts orders for the manufacture of products. At the same time, production may be located in another part of the city or even outside it.
Photo studio, film developing and printing; sale of consumables and accessories for the camera.
Restoration workshops and art salons; exhibition halls.
Travel agency.
Points of reception of secondary raw materials.
A sports club or gym can accommodate up to 100 sq. m and practically do not require expensive finishing.
Hairdressing salons, nail salon, beautician's or massage therapist's office, solarium.
Billiard club.
Cafe, eateries or bar.

Repair of electronics in the basement.

Permitted activities must meet the following requirements:

the basement borders on residential apartments, so the tenant is obliged to make sure that his business does not interfere with people;
a prerequisite is the equipment of ventilation systems;
catering establishments can simultaneously accommodate more than 50 people;
you can not turn on loud music and make noise that exceeds sanitary standards;
By law, the opening hours of establishments are limited to the interval from 8:00 am to 23:00 pm.

Prohibited Activities

For some activities, the basement is not suitable:

Since loud music and noise are unacceptable, a nightclub or similar establishment cannot be opened in a residential building.
It is forbidden to arrange production, which can become a source of noise, dirt and unpleasant odors.
For the same reasons, it will not be possible to open a dry cleaner or laundry.
It is not allowed to place in the basement medical institution, do pool or sauna.
You can not open a funeral home and provide funeral services.
A wholesale and small wholesale warehouse cannot be located in the basement.

Activities on the leased area should not violate sanitary and hygienic norms and rules fire safety. Besides:

it is forbidden for business to use other premises for collective use that border the basement: an entrance, stairs, corridors, an elevator;
a store or office should have a separate equipped exit to the street;
it is important that utilities and home equipment remain accessible.

A technical room that is not used by residents, by decision of the municipality or an association of owners, can be transferred to the status of non-residential. After that, a potential tenant can begin the procedure for its registration.

Legal registration of the premises

The basement or basement of an apartment building cannot be alienated and sold for life to an entrepreneur. Only the owner of the dwelling to which this basement is adjacent has the right to privatize it.

To open a business in an unused technical room, you need to conclude a lease agreement with the municipality or obtain permission from the majority of the residents of the house, each of whom owns non-residential premises in an equal share.

If the basement of an apartment building is owned by an owners' cooperative, legal registration The lease begins with the collection of signatures. Some residents may speak out against the new business. The tenant will have to convince them that the company or store will not cause inconvenience and even contribute to the arrangement of the territory.

For example, a business owner can pave the paths, lay out flower beds and restore the wall of the house near the outside. The benefit to the cooperative is also that the rent will reduce the bills for the use of common non-residential premises. In addition, the tenant, along with all tenants, pays for the services of the Housing Office and their own utility bills.

Collection and submission of documentation

To rent a technical room, you must submit an application to the municipality or housing office, depending on the form of ownership of the basement. The application shall indicate the purpose and duration of the lease.

The conclusion of the sanitary and epidemiological station, fire and municipal services is drawn up, which recognize the premises as suitable for the selected type of activity. Without the decision of these organizations, the basement can only be used for economic purposes.
After that, an agreement is concluded with the district administration. This document describes the terms of the lease, its terms and the amount of payment.
The rights and obligations of the parties govern Civil Code provided that there are no special instructions in this regard in the contract.
The technical room, which belongs to the cooperative of owners, is issued through the Housing Office.
After submitting an application from a potential tenant, the Housing Office notifies residents. On general meeting owners decide on the possibility of renting by voting.
The lease agreement is concluded with the accounting department public service. The proceeds are distributed to equip the house and the surrounding area, and also go to pay for electricity, water and gas in common areas.

The entrepreneur needs to obtain a license for the selected activity and familiarize himself with the requirements for the premises in which it can be carried out. If the basement has not previously been used for business or social activities, it will need to be remodeled.

You will need a certificate from the BTI, which gives permission to re-equip the premises, and a geodetic assessment of the adjacent area. To draw up technical documentation, the tenant can contact the design office, whose employees have extensive experience working with city services and will help with legal settlement.

Repair and technical inspection

Most basements do not meet safety requirements, and especially the standards of the sanitary and epidemiological station. These are cold, dilapidated rooms that are heated by groundwater. Having marked off the part of the basement in which the engineering communications are located, the tenant makes the reconstruction according to the project.

First of all, you need to waterproof the basement. Dampness causes fungus and an unpleasant odor. Employees and visitors will not be able to stay in such a room for a long time without harm to health. In addition, the finish deteriorates, metal parts rust, but the most dangerous thing is that water can close the wiring.
There is not enough light in the basement, even if the basement is high enough and there are windows in the wall. It is necessary to provide additional lighting with energy-saving lamps, since the electricity consumption in the basement will be large.
Be sure to install a good ventilation system. The importance of air circulation in the basement cannot be overestimated, especially if the area is more than 50 square meters. m. and simple vents in the walls are not effective enough. Poorly functioning ventilation can cause humidity as condensation forms on the walls on the inside.
If the tenant plans to open a catering establishment with a kitchen in the basement, you need to make an exhaust hood so that smoke and smells do not go towards the landing and apartments.
With large crowds of visitors and the presence of soft music, soundproofing should be taken care of even before repairs are made in the room and the interior is equipped.

Do not forget about the repair and high-quality lighting.

The low rental price offsets the cost of the basement renovation. But in each individual case, the tenant must assess the condition of the basement on the basis of technical expertise so that hidden flaws do not appear later.

Risks associated with doing business in the basement

In the basement there are pipes for water supply, heating systems and electrical cables. The tenant must make sure that the maintenance team from the Housing Office has access to the equipment. If a breakdown or flooding occurs, the basement will suffer the most.

A poorly ventilated basement increases the risk of fire. In the event of a fire or other emergency, it will be difficult to evacuate people. Especially if this is an institution with a large number of staff and visitors, and there is only one way out of the basement.

An unforeseen conflict with neighbors may arise, which the business owner will have to resolve through the courts. But most often, tenants peacefully coexist with the tenants of the house, if all preliminary agreements and written obligations are observed.

In each high-rise building, regardless of its age and period of operation, there are basements. And quite a few owners of apartments in them are interested in those who own the basements in apartment building who has the right to dispose of this area, whether residents can occupy these premises and equip them in their own interests.

It is quite difficult to answer all the questions unambiguously, because the legislative framework for the housing sector has changed over the years, various amendments have been made, which eventually caused contradictions with the acts adopted in previous years. We will figure out how to privatize the basement in an apartment building and find out who owns it.

Purpose

In the basement of a residential building, as a rule, there are pipes, equipment, technical equipment and structures that make the entire internal infrastructure of the building function, for example:

water supply networks;
heating;
power supply;
heating system or boiler room;
main distribution board.

Thus, the technical floors of apartment buildings are premises located under residential apartments, designed to guarantee the operation of all communication systems of the house. That is why unauthorized persons are not allowed to enter there in order to avoid interfering with the operation of systems and communications. This fact is the reason for installing bars on basement windows. Only public utilities can enter it.

Sometimes it happens that part of the basement in an apartment building is used by public utilities as special premises. Some of the lower premises of the MKD were originally adapted for household needs; at the design stage, storage rooms were provided for in them. Of course, this applies to old buildings, for example, the so-called Khrushchev.

How to identify owners

Basements and attics often become the subject of dispute and even litigation to find out who owns them. According to Russian law, namely Article 36 of the LC RF, the common owners of all basements are all, without exception, residents of multi-storey buildings, if they are privatized. As equal full owners, it is they who decide how to use the basement areas.

However, there are some controversial points. For example, a room in the basement of an apartment building may be occupied individual, which became its owner in the nineties, while the owner of the building itself did not have time to formalize it as property. That is why it often happens that on secondary real estate objects the residential part of the house belongs to one owner, and the technical floor belongs to another.

In order for the owners of apartments in the MKD to be recognized as joint co-owners of the basement of the building, certain conditions must be met:

at the time of privatization of the living space, the basement area should no longer be in the possession of other owners;
the technical floor has no specific purpose;
the basement is separated from the apartments.

In addition, a technical basement is recognized as possible to be owned on equal shares between residents when it has technical equipment capable of servicing more than one apartment. If all conditions are met, the basement is in the common shared ownership of those living in the house, the possibility of renting out, exchanging, selling the basement and other manipulations with the technical floor without their consent is impossible.

The nuances of determining the owners

It should be borne in mind that the premises in which engineering networks and other communications serving the house are located cannot be transferred to private ownership. The rest, free part of it can be used at the discretion of the residents.

Answers to the question of who owns the basement and under what circumstances, based on the legislation and judgments are:

basement owners - residents on the basis of a registered shared ownership of an MKD;
the property located in technical basements is in individual ownership, its owner has the right to independently decide how to dispose of it, and pays the costs of its maintenance on an equal basis with the rest;
technical rooms, even without taking into account the fact that they contain communication, energy networks, equipment that serves the house, are specialized objects and cannot be in individual use;
if there is no privatized housing in the house, and all the apartments belong to the municipality, then the basement cannot be anyone's property. In this case, it is operated only for servicing communication networks.

It often happens that citizens or certain organizations unknowingly legislative framework or moderate disregard for its rules, they illegally seize the basement, placing unauthorized shops and so on there. In this case, you should go to court.

Basement privatization

Privatizing a basement in an apartment building is not an easy task, because first you have to get the consent of all residents.

How to apply:

Organize a meeting of homeowners in accordance with the procedure established in the LCD, putting on the agenda the issue of alienating a common property object, that is, the underground of a house, changing its boundaries with a vote.
Ten days before the meeting, notify residents about it by posting notices at the entrances indicating the date and time of the gathering. Remember, for the vote to be considered valid, it must be attended by more than half of the apartment owners or HOA members. The decision is made by a majority vote, about which. On its basis, further privatization is carried out.

IMPORTANT! If the issue of privatization is decided regarding the basement located in the hostel, it is only necessary to obtain the consent of its owner of the building, who, as a rule, is alone.

Make a project of the planned reconstruction, having previously studied the basement plan. It must be coordinated with the fire supervision authority, the sanitary and epidemiological station and other regulatory agencies. After that, the project must be submitted to the Bureau of Technical Inventory, where it must be approved.
After the BTI approves the project, the working stage for the reconstruction of the basement begins. After their completion, an examination of the technical condition of the basement is carried out, about which the inspector expert commission issues a conclusion.
When the reconstruction project is agreed upon, an expert opinion is received, it is necessary to write an application and submit it to the BTI in order for the registration certificate of the residential building to be reissued. After that, the area of property in the common shared ownership of residents will decrease, while the number of people paying for its maintenance will increase. Accordingly, the fee for each individual payer will decrease.
The next and final stage of privatization is the direct receipt of a certificate of registration of ownership of real estate, which should be obtained from Rosreestr.

To issue a certificate you need:

Statement.
Minutes of the decision of the meeting of owners on the privatization of the basement.
Permission of the owner of the MKD.
Technical documentation for the house.
Receipt for payment of state duty.

If the documentation is filled out correctly, all the data is valid and the voting results are not falsified, then after checking the submitted papers, the certificate will be issued without hindrance.

In addition to the fact that tenants receive real estate for use and the right to dispose of it at will, they are also responsible for its protection, care, and maintenance in proper condition. It should also be noted that it is impossible to carry out a complete privatization of the basement in a residential building by one owner.

Reconstruction of the premises and its criteria

As already mentioned, the future layout of the basement must be approved. For this you need:

ensure free access of specialists to communication systems for repair or current work, disinfection, replacement of pipes;
observe fire safety rules in basements and at their entrances;
carry out lighting, water, ventilation, heating and sewerage in those premises where people will work according to the plan;
take into account the purpose of the basement and carry out its reconstruction, taking into account the purposes for which it is planned to be used: store inventory, personal belongings, preservation, arrange a store or even a recreation area;
do not make changes to the design of the building foundation and load-bearing elements;
reconstruction work should not disrupt the functioning of engineering networks.

Each of the residents of an already privatized basement may have their own plans for its use. But if it is in common shared ownership, a decision on this matter is also taken at a general meeting in the presence of more than half of the owners and by a majority of votes.

If you plan to use the basement or part of it in an apartment building for commercial purposes, you should legalize it in the status of non-residential in order to avoid problems with the authorities and then register the basement as your property.

Unauthorized seizure

It often happens when basements, despite the privatization procedure, are occupied without knowledge. At the same time, the fake owners confidently prove that they occupy this area for completely legitimate reasons. For example, they claim that they occupy the premises on the basis that they carried out restructuring and equipment at their own expense.

But on this moment this reason is not enough to take part of the basement into sole ownership. And this situation is called only as an unauthorized seizure, most often occurs in the houses of the second housing stock, especially in the buildings of the Soviet era.

In order to change the situation, it is necessary to convene a meeting of tenants, discuss the change of owners, redistribute square meters of the basement legally. Summarizing, it should be said that all decisions in multi-apartment buildings on the use of areas that are in shared ownership are made exclusively at general meetings.

Organizational matters

A technical room that is not used by residents, by decision of the municipality or an association of owners, can be transferred to the status of non-residential.

What kind of business can be opened in the basement?

After that, a potential tenant can begin the procedure for its registration.

Collection and submission of documentation

In the basement there are pipes for water supply, heating systems and electric cables. The tenant must make sure that the maintenance team from the Housing Office has access to the equipment. If a breakdown or flooding occurs, the basement will suffer the most.

No comments yet!

Is it allowed to play music in the basement?

Is it allowed to use live music in the basement of a residential building? Answer: If the semi-basement is common, or distributed among the residents of a residential building, then yes, in accordance with the right of ownership / use of one or another part of it, but without violating the norms public order, and without exceeding noise/loudness limits. Also, most of the statutes of cities, any violation of silence is possible until 22-23 hours, this criterion should also be taken into account.

With uv. Gorkusha Mikhail.

Thanks for the replies.. but there are still a lot of questions here)

Commercial and office space on 3 floors. there will be more than 30 people there. An examination will take place.

The basement is gone. 30 people will not be allowed.

The power of the installed boiler is 90 kW.

1) Allocated a room for a boiler room on the 3rd floor (last). is it possible to put a boiler room there? (no door from indoors to outdoors)

2) Does the volume of the room depend on the power of the boiler?

3) It seems that the height should be at least 2.5 m indoors. they said but this is for which guest. like GOST for KU applies to boilers from 100 kW.

4) Supply and exhaust ventilation. how to count on this household boiler room?

5) If the boiler is with forced flue gas removal. How to make a chimney

according to the basic calculations, I got about 50 kW of the main heat loss of the building (talked on the outer walls), the curator, who sort of teaches this business, gave the coefficients .. which, let's say, .. I don't quite like it. his answer: something is not enough .. let's add a coefficient of 2 .. then it will be normal). now I want to know .. what coefficients are accepted for administrative premises.

Business in the basement: important organizational nuances

As you know, small and medium-sized businesses need small premises. However, the rental price of commercial real estate is now far from cheap, and sometimes renting it, and even more so buying it, takes most of the profit from a businessman. To a greater extent, this applies to large cities, where the shortage of space for business is felt especially acutely.

In this regard, basements and semi-basements, as a rule, residential buildings have become one of the most sought-after segments of the market.

How to start a successful basement business

This is explained by the fact that the relatively low purchase price or relatively low rental price of such commercial real estate significantly reduces the costs of the entrepreneur, which ultimately makes his business much more profitable.

Photo of a minibar located in the basement of a residential building.

Note!

It should be noted that opening a "basement" business in most cases is troublesome - but profitable, provided that the business is planned to be organized for more than one year.

If the entrepreneur needs the premises for a short time, then he is unlikely to feel a big benefit.

The exception is extraordinary cases when the basement is rented out at a very low price and in a ready state, with all available permits, which is practically impossible in our time.

What kind of business is forbidden to do in the basement, and what kind

Small shop in the basement.

According to urban planning standards, it is not forbidden to locate your business in the basement of apartment buildings. However, there are limitations to this, which are already taken into account at the planning stage.

So, on the basement area of an apartment building, an entrepreneur will not be able to locate the following commercial facilities:

production premises (exceptions are restoration and art workshops)

medical organizations

entertainment facilities (casinos, floppy disks, dance and other clubs)

funeral homes

laundries or dry cleaners

public toilets

baths or saunas with pools.

All other private institutions may well exist in such premises, but certain requirements are imposed on their activities by various structures. So, for example, to open a store, an area not exceeding 400 square meters can be used. m. However, there are no restrictions on storage and utility rooms at the store.

The assortment at such a point of sale can be the most diverse (except for flammable goods), but the opening time is limited - up to 23 hours. Hairdressing salons can open on an area not exceeding 300 square meters. m. There are no significant restrictions on offices, but, alas, it is forbidden to locate wholesale and small-scale warehouse facilities in the basement in accordance with SNiP.

As for cafes, they can operate in the basement of a residential building under the following conditions:

working hours up to 23 hours

there should be no musical accompaniment

accept no more than 50 visitors at the same time.

Possible problems when creating a business in the basement of an apartment building and recommendations for solving them

A small barbershop in the basement of an apartment building.

Legal issues

When acquiring or renting a basement, you should pay great attention to its condition (the photo shows an object that requires huge unprofitable investments).

In particular, an entrepreneur, in addition to the residents of the house, will have to apply to many structures and obtain permits from organizations such as:

Chief architect of the city.
Project organization.
Notarial office.
Surveyors.
District administration.
Fire Department.
Sanitary and epidemiological station.

Sauna for doing business in the basement of a private house.

Note!

It is much easier to organize a business in the basement of a private house, since it is already in the possession of the owner of such housing, therefore, there will be much less paperwork.

The main thing is that when arranging such a room for any business, the safety instructions should be observed, and existing standards should be taken into account.

Organizational matters

System ventilation device for offices, cafes, hairdressers and other commercial facilities located in the basement.

It is necessary to organize the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems in the basement. If they are already there, then you should check their functioning.
It is also very important to organize isolation from noise and odors, which, as a rule, always occur during any work process. If these aspects are ignored, and they disturb the tenants, then a couple of collective complaints from them to the appropriate authorities will create many problems for the entrepreneur, up to the closure of the business. In this regard, spoiling relations with the residents of the house is highly discouraged.

Next in section:

What kind of business can be organized in the basement

Photo of a minibar located in the basement of a residential building.

It should be noted that in most cases it is troublesome to open a “basement” business - but profitable, provided that the business is planned to be organized for more than one year.

If the entrepreneur needs the premises for a short time, then he is unlikely to feel a big benefit.

The exception is extraordinary cases when the basement is rented out at a very low price and in a ready state, with all available permits, which is practically impossible in our time.

What kind of business to do in the basement is prohibited, and what kind of business is possible.

Small shop in the basement.

So, on the basement area of an apartment building, an entrepreneur will not be able to locate the following commercial facilities:

Possible problems when creating a business in the basement of an apartment building, recommendations for their solution.

A small barbershop in the basement of an apartment building.

When acquiring or renting a basement, you should pay great attention to its condition (the photo shows an object that requires huge unprofitable investments).

Sauna for doing business in the basement of a private house.

It is much easier to organize a business in the basement of a private house, since it is already in the possession of the owner of such housing, therefore, there will be much less paperwork.

The main thing is that when arranging such a room for any business, the safety instructions should be observed, and existing standards should be taken into account.

Organizational matters

System ventilation device for offices, cafes, hairdressers and other commercial facilities located in the basement.

It is necessary to organize the installation of ventilation and air conditioning systems in the basement. If they are already there, then you should check their functioning.

Image of a basement with soundproofing material (zvukizol).

Basement waterproofing scheme inside and out.

Having chosen the basement as a commercial premises, it is advisable for a businessman to organize the business in such a way that it is beneficial not only to him, but also to the residents of the house.

For example, having arranged the nearby territory, the entrepreneur will win over both grandmothers sitting on a bench and mothers walking in the yard with children.

What kind of business can you come up with in the basement?

If the basement is good, you can arrange it for poker. But I’ll tell you right away that this type of income is illegal, but we are analyzing all the methods.

You can try growing mushrooms, like oyster mushrooms. I have recently started this business myself. As long as it's enough for itself, and that's good. And so, with a large number, you can sell it to supermarkets, for good money.

First of all, you should put your basement in order, evaluate the territory, and only then think about business. And how did you want? Every business needs an investment...

Well, it's a joke, of course. As they say, what is the question - such is the answer.

I suspect that you simply structured your question incorrectly and wanted to ask about what kind of business you can do in the basement.

You can grow oyster mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms are mushrooms that can grow in sawdust. There are special technologies for growing mushrooms in basements and garages. They can be found on the Internet and in specialized literature.

In the basement, you can arrange a small warehouse where you can place the goods that you trade. Only in this case, it is necessary to take into account the fact that in the basement there is usually high humidity, so not every type of product can be stored in the basement.

If do Gym everything will cost much more, you will have to make the ventilation stronger and the lighting and the equipment itself will cost a pretty penny.

With mushrooms, a lot of space is not required; you can generally make boxes stacked on top of each other.

If the room is large, equip it as a car repair shop or rent it out for this business, it is especially good if the place is visible and the track is nearby.

After all, a store in the basement will not be very comfortable, although if it is located in the city center, then with the right design and the selected assortment, it may well exist.

I knew such a store selling packaging materials, although I had to go down the stairs to the basement, there were many customers. This was facilitated by a wide range and low prices.

If the basement is located in a private house or garage, then take vegetables and fruits for storage. The temperature is right and no investment is needed.

Starting a business in the basement

What activities are allowed to be carried out in the basement of a residential building

In the basement, you can open a shop or service center.

Most often, of course, they open a business related to servicing people living in the house and its environs.

Repair of electronics in the basement.

Permitted activities must meet the following requirements:

the basement borders on residential apartments, so the tenant is obliged to make sure that his business does not interfere with people;
a prerequisite is the equipment of ventilation systems;
catering establishments can simultaneously accommodate more than 50 people;
you can not turn on loud music and make noise that exceeds sanitary standards;
By law, the opening hours of establishments are limited to the interval from 8:00 am to 23:00 pm.

Prohibited Activities

For some activities, the basement is not suitable:

Activities on the leased area should not violate sanitary and hygienic standards and fire safety rules. Besides:

A technical room that is not used by residents, by decision of the municipality or an association of owners, can be transferred to the status of non-residential. After that, a potential tenant can begin the procedure for its registration.

Legal registration of the premises

Collection and submission of documentation

Repair and technical inspection

Do not forget about the repair and high-quality lighting.

The low rental price offsets the cost of the basement renovation. But in each individual case, the tenant must assess the condition of the basement on the basis of technical expertise so that hidden flaws do not appear later.

Risks associated with doing business in the basement

In the basement there are pipes for water supply, heating systems and electric cables.

Ground floor in an apartment building

The tenant must make sure that the maintenance team from the Housing Office has access to the equipment. If a breakdown or flooding occurs, the basement will suffer the most.

Chief editor of the site, civil engineer. Graduated from SibSTRIN in 1994, since then he has worked for more than 14 years in construction companies, after which he took up own business. Owner of a construction company.

A cellar in a household plot is simply necessary - it will help to store a large amount of food prepared for the winter, which simply cannot fit in a conventional refrigerator. This room can be located under the house, or it can be placed not far from it, on the territory of the site. To know how to build a cellar on the street, you need to study all the stages of this process, from digging a pit to building a roof.

Very important condition is the choice of the time of year for the device cellar. Recommended do work during dry weather in summer, so that the pit remains dry and tight during the construction process.

Types of cellars

The cellar on the street can be arranged in three main ways:

- completely underground, in a dug pit, and having a roof over the entrance;

- dug out in an elevated place of the site, on which an embankment is made from above;

- a ready-made insulated body, which is installed in a pit and covered with soil.

By purchasing a ready-made version of the cellar body, you don’t have to worry about the process of building walls and their waterproofing, you just need to prepare the foundation pit and strengthen its bottom.

To determine which of the existing options is most suitable for both the conditions of a particular site and the volume of upcoming construction work, you need to consider each of them in more detail.

Graveyard on level ground

This option for building a cellar is quite laborious, but if it is not possible to purchase a finished building, and the territory of the site does not have a pronounced elevation, then it will be the only one that is applicable in this case.

When resorting to this method of arranging a cellar, it is necessary to take into account the height of the groundwater in the given area and in the specific area where the pit will be dug. If the site is not enough, then soil water can ruin all the work done or, appearing later, render the products stored in the cellar unusable.

They determine the approximate level of water by looking into a nearby well in the spring, when abundant snow melts. In summer, in places where groundwater is high, moisture-loving grass grows, such as horse sorrel, horsetail, sedge and other similar varieties - there it is more juicy and tall.

If there is a desire to more accurately determine this parameter, then you can call a specialist who will professionally calculate the best place for digging a pit and its possible depth. In any case, you do not need to choose a place in the lowland where water can stagnate.

When arranging a cellar in this way, the pit must be planned with a depth of at least two, two and a half meters. With the process of digging a pit, you need to start work.

Pit preparation

The place chosen for the cellar must be thoroughly cleaned, removing the soddy fertile layer, thereby marking out the area for digging. The work is done manually, as the technique will break the edges of the pit, which is undesirable for this particular version of the cellar device. To make it easier to dig, it is better to extract the earth in layers, loosening each of them and carefully leveling the edges of the hole as much as possible.

If the soil on the site itself is loose, then the pit is digging with a slope - then the earth will crumble less. In this case, the top of the pit is marked 30-50 cm in each direction more than its bottom should be.

With a sufficiently high level of groundwater, the pit is also made wider and deeper by 40-50 cm, and this space is filled with waterproofing material, which will keep the walls from dampness. Clay extracted from the pit can serve as waterproofing for the walls and floor of the cellar, it is poured into the bottom of the pit after digging is completed and around the already erected walls. The top fertile layer of soil is suitable for transferring a garden or flower garden to the beds, and the rest of the soil can be used, for example, to fill the bottom layer of an "alpine hill".

Materials for building a cellar

For the construction of cellar walls, it is best to use natural materials that will not emit harmful fumes. The explanation for this is simple - in such a room there will be not only canned closed products, but also vegetables and fruits in special open boxes. They are capable of perceiving and absorbing odors and various substances unnecessary for the body. It is also not recommended to use open metal in the construction of the cellar, as it will serve as a conductor of cold, violating the optimal temperature necessary for storing food.

Therefore, for the arrangement you need the following:

- for walls choose brick, foam blocks or concrete slabs;

- for the floor, cement and sand are needed to make the mortar, reinforcement to strengthen the poured screed, sand and gravel for the "cushion";

- for the floor, ready-made concrete slabs or boards for formwork and bases for pouring concrete are required, as well as reinforcement to create an appropriate reinforcing belt;

- outside, clay waterproofing can be supplemented with roofing material, fixing it to the walls with mastic;

- for the roof you will need wooden blocks and boards, roofing material for waterproofing, roofing material;

- plastic pipes for ventilation will be required;

- manufacture of the hatch and doors prepare lumber;

- interior wall decoration involves the use of a plaster mixture or boards for sheathing.

All wooden parts of the building must be treated with antiseptic agents so that they last a long time without rotting, damage by insects or microorganisms.

Foundation

In order for the cellar to be reliable and dry, it is best to make concrete in it, but before pouring it, you must definitely make a good one under it. waterproofed basis.

At the bottom of the pit, a sand cushion is poured, 100 ÷ 120 mm thick, it must be well compacted. To do this, the sand is slightly moistened and compacted.
Crushed stone is poured on top of the sand, 60 ÷ 80 mm thick, leveled and rammed.

Further, along the perimeter of the pit, it would be good to make a limiting and lay reinforcement. The height of the foundation-floor can be from 70 to 120 mm.
The next step is to pour concrete into the formwork and level it.
After it hardens and the formwork is removed, sides the foundation can be coated with tar, which isolates it well from moisture coming from the ground.

It should be noted that the floor of the cellar is sometimes left earthen. This is possible if the groundwater is deep enough. An earthen floor will allow natural ventilation and soil temperature to be maintained in the cellar at a given depth. In this case, to build walls at the bottom of the pit, a strip foundation is poured along the perimeter.

Wall construction, ventilation and waterproofing

Walls can be erected on the prepared foundation. For laying the brick walls of the cellar, a mixture of clay and sand is most often used, but the usual cement mortar can also be used.
If the ceiling of the cellar will be based on the masonry of the walls, then their thickness should be equal to one brick.
When used to support the ceiling not only walls, but also the soil surrounding the cellar, then their thickness of half a brick is enough.
If a place for waterproofing is left between the earthen walls of the pit and the brickwork, then, as it is maintained, this space is filled with clay, spilled with water and carefully compacted.

A layer of roofing material can be fixed between the clay backfill and the brick wall.
After laying one or two rows of bricks, in the opposite corner from the entrance, in the wall to the entire height of the basement, a niche for the ventilation pipe is cut in the ground.
In the second or third row of masonry, opposite the niche, a ventilation pipe with an angled outlet is installed, which is embedded in the wall. Later, this hole should be closed with a fine grate so that rodents do not get inside the cellar.
The pipe above the surface of the cellar cover should rise at least one and a half meters.
The walls are erected to the top of the pit, with constant control of their verticality and horizontality using a plumb line and building level.

An important note - if the groundwater comes close to the foundation-floor, then it is worth arranging around the brick walls. It is usually filled with rubble or broken bricks. Moisture through it will be diverted from the cellar into a container or pit specially arranged not far from the cellar.

Cellar ceiling

Covering the basement can be done in many ways. The simplest of them is laying concrete slabs on top of it, which, in addition to walls, should rest on the ground around the cellar for 400 — 500 mm. But not every site can be visited by equipment capable of lifting the slab and laying it in the intended place, so very often you have to do the flooring yourself. In addition to ready-made concrete slabs, home-made concrete, wooden or combined floors can be arranged. The latter is convenient in that it is convenient to lay insulation between the wooden beams from the inside of the cellar, as well as to fix the ceiling boards.

If this option is chosen, then a roofing material is laid on top of the walls and on the ground around them, on which processed bars, 150 × 100 mm in size, are laid - they will act as beams. The distance between them should be no more than 500 mm.
On top of the beam bars, flooring from boards is stuffed, while providing a hole for the hatch.
Then, on top of the wooden boards waterproofing is laid from a dense polyethylene film. The film should be on the ground, around the cellar.

A reinforcing mesh is laid on top of the film, a bounding formwork is installed, and then the resulting space is poured, which is leveled and left to dry. The thickness of the concrete floor poured on a wooden base should be 40 ÷ 50 mm.
After the concrete has hardened, the hole for the hatch, if necessary, rises to the desired height and a cover is installed on it.

When arranging such an entrance, the staircase can only be the simplest.

Roof over the cellar

A gable roof will be installed above the hatch, and the rest of the space above the cellar is covered with the film remaining on the surface and sprinkled with soil.

Since the concrete platform will be larger than the cellar room, the gable roof is installed over its entire width. Thus, a small triangular shed is formed above the hatch, in which you can even stack a certain amount of firewood.

The roof structure is assembled from high-quality lumber. The rafters of the slopes are fastened at the bottom with bars, which will become a reliable basis for the roof. They need to be fixed on a concrete base with anchor elements.

You can do it in another way. Along the perimeter of the concrete platform, it is necessary to fold a low wall into two or three rows of bricks, and install a roof structure on top of it. The brick part of this mini-shed must be covered with waterproofing.

The frontal part of the roof is sheathed with boards, and roofing material can be laid on the slopes, and slate or metal tiles can be laid on top. Some prefer to cover the slopes with plywood, and then lay a soft roof. On the one hand, the pediment is completely sewn up, and on the other hand, an opening is left for installing the front door.

When the cellar is not afraid of precipitation, you can carry out lighting inside and finish the walls and ceiling.

Cellar lighting

The interior decoration of the room can, of course, be done before the ceiling is installed, but there is no guarantee that it will not be spoiled by sudden rain. Therefore, to conduct electricity and make the lighting better after the hatch is covered with a roof.

Lighting should be done not only in the basement, but also at the entrance to it under the roof.

Copper wires are pulled from the house to the roof above the hatch into the cellar in reliable double insulation, from this entrance they are already being led down. Lamps must be placed so that under no circumstances can they be touched when descending into the basement. It is best to close the bulbs with a protective cap.

The wiring must be done in such a way that the bulbs turn on at the same time - under the roof and in the cellar. The switch should be placed under the roof at the entrance, at a convenient height, approximately 1.2 ÷ 1.5 m from the floor. Installing sockets in the cellar or basement is prohibited for safety reasons.

If there is no experience with conducting and connecting electricity, then it is better to entrust this to qualified specialists, since, without knowing the wiring system, at best, you can leave the whole house without light.

Wall, floor and ceiling decoration

If the cellar is good waterproofed, then any material can be used for decoration. If the ceiling is built on bars, then between them it is worth laying insulation in mats - this will maintain an even temperature in the cellar both in winter frosts and in summer heat.

To strengthen the insulation to the concrete ceiling, you can mount a lattice structure that can press the mats to the surface. From below, then it will not be difficult to sheathe the ceiling with boards or moisture-resistant drywall, screwing them to the bars.

Ruberoid and mastic can be replaced with liquid rubber or liquid silicate glass, which will also create a waterproof layer.

Many walls are left brick, without additional coating, but it is better to finish them with plaster, wiping them to perfect evenness. They can be impregnated with liquid waterproofing, which is able to penetrate deep into the plaster and, having crystallized, make it waterproof. After the waterproofing dries, you can whitewash the walls with lime - this will make the cellar room neater and brighter.

After the entire cellar finish is finished and dried, you can think about where and how many shelves to place and where to organize boxes (boxes) for storing root crops.

There is one trick that will help site owners naturally remove excess moisture from the cellar. To do this, you just need to plant berry bushes around the cellar, which will actively absorb moisture from the soil. It is impossible to plant trees of any species close to the building, as their roots can destroy the waterproofing, and over time, even the walls of the cellar.

Prices for various types of thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Video: construction stages of one of the cellar options

Cellar with sloping entrance and earth embankment

The second version of the cellar is arranged on a small hill, if it is on the site. With high groundwater and the presence of such a place on the territory, just such a cellar will become the best option. However, such a "height" can be created artificially.

The peculiarity of this approach is that all the soil that is selected from the pit is used for the embankment on top of the roof and entrance. A thick layer of soil will not allow the cellar to heat up in the summer, and in winter it will keep the right temperature inside to preserve food.

When building such a cellar, a door is used for entry, and not a hatch, as in the first version. The stairs leading down are made of cement mortar, bricks, or treated boards, and have wide, steep steps rather than simple rungs.

The most important advantage in the construction of such a cellar is that the pit does not need to be made too deep for it, since a mound of soil, arranged from above, creates everything the necessary conditions. The floors and walls are arranged in the same way as in the first case, but the work of the corridor leading down also complicates the work.

The first thing they do is, as in the first version, they dig a foundation pit, but not so deep, since the walls will be raised above it.

Then, on the other side, where it is planned to install the door, steps are cut out in the ground leading to the surface. They are subsequently necessarily strengthened by one of the options mentioned above.
The best solution would be to strengthen the steps with reinforcing mesh and pour concrete with a layer of 40 — 60 mm, having made a pre-enclosing formwork. Steel corners are embedded on the edges of the steps - they will allow the stairs to last longer. If the steps are securely fortified, they can serve as a foundation for the walls of the corridor leading up.

When the walls are removed, you can move on to the ceiling device. It can be folded in the form of an arch or have a flat surface running parallel to the direction of the stairs.
The brick walls of this version of the cellar rise higher above the pit than in the first version, so that the ceiling height is at least two meters.
After raising the walls to the desired height, an overlap is made from above. It must be strong enough to withstand a thick mound of soil. Wall waterproofing is carried out in the same way as in the first option, but in this case it will also have to be done from above, under the roof.
Ceiling insulation and cellar roof screed do not need to be done. Enough floor beams which flat or ordinary slate is laid, on which and a mound is made of soil.

The exit to the surface can be designed in different ways, but in any case it should be a brick wall in which the door is installed. The upper and lower doors will reliably close the room from external cold or summer heat. Doors are usually made of thick boards, which in themselves are a natural insulation.

Such a cellar is sometimes made not in a dug pit, but with the help of a dig downhill. This method is more difficult in the sense that it is not as easy to remove soil from an enclosed space as from a foundation pit.

Making the cellar in this way, as they go deeper down the walls, they install supports that will hold the vault. At the end of the dug room is necessary. For it, a hole is drilled from above into which the pipe is installed.

The inner part is usually finished with bricks or stones, which are laid along the walls on a concrete or clay mortar. Raised walls can pass into an arched ceiling or overlap with massive, impregnated with antiseptic compounds. logs, which can be sheathed on top with boards.

But this method of building a cellar is rarely used today, since it is quite laborious, requires careful calculation and, I must say, is quite unsafe due to the risk of collapse of the vault during digging.

Installation of the finished structure for the cellar

Currently industrial enterprises ready-made cases are produced cellars from different materials, which during their installation, labor-intensive processes of building walls and waterproofing are excluded. If you purchase such an insulated cellar, then you do not need to do additional thermal insulation for it.

A very good solution - a ready-made cellar-barrel

This structure can be installed on the street or even under the house. The entrance to the cellar is a hermetically sealed hatch, which means that you don’t have to make a massive staircase either.

For example, a cylindrical body is presented, the side parts of which are made in the form of hemispheres - it is this geometric shape that will withstand the external dynamic impact well when the soil swells during its freezing.

Cellar barrel quite compact: in diameter it is only 2.2 m, the length of the room inside the building is 3.3 m, and the total volume is 10.40 m³. In fact, it is a small cozy underground room with shelves arranged along the walls and ventilation.

The walls of the barrel are reliably insulated and absolutely hermetic. They are multi-layered and consist of polyurethane foam and carbon steel and the outer shell is made of fiberglass. The surfaces inside the barrel are primed and coated with enamel.

The ventilation system is made according to all the rules, and consists of two pipes - exhaust and supply. They are located on opposite side walls of the barrel and maintain the optimal humidity regime inside the room.

The floors, the system of shelves and the stairs are made of well-dried, varnished wood, which creates a favorable atmosphere for storing preparations, fruits or vegetables.

In addition, a 12 V low voltage lighting system is installed inside the cellar, which is safe for working at depth and in wet conditions.

Installation of the cellar barrel is quite simple. Given the size of the structure, a foundation pit is being dug under it. A reliable base is arranged in it, on which the container is lowered, and then buried with soil. If the cellar is made outdoors, then it is recommended to build a shed over the hatch, or at least a canopy with a roof, which in winter will not allow the entrance to be covered with snow.

The installation of such a cellar is usually carried out by the manufacturer, whose specialists take into account all the nuances of the technology in this process, so only the simplest work falls to the owner of the site.

Video: installation of a finished insulated cellar

Which of the presented cellars, arranged on the street, to choose the owner of the site depends on the available opportunities and the characteristics of the territory. Some prefer to do everything by hand from start to finish, to be sure of every step of the work done. Others trust the device of the cellar to qualified craftsmen who know all the subtleties technological process. Still others opt for ready-made structures that will deliver a minimum of hassle during installation.

Read interesting information on how to do it in our new article.

What activities are allowed to be carried out in the basement of a residential building

Prohibited Activities

Legal registration of the premises

Collection and submission of documentation

Repair and technical inspection

Risks associated with doing business in the basement

Purpose

How to identify owners

The nuances of determining the owners

Basement privatization

Reconstruction of the premises and its criteria

Unauthorized seizure

What kind of business can be opened in the basement?

Collection and submission of documentation

Is it allowed to play music in the basement?

Business in the basement: important organizational nuances

How to start a successful basement business

What kind of business is forbidden to do in the basement, and what kind

Possible problems when creating a business in the basement of an apartment building and recommendations for solving them

Legal issues

Organizational matters

Next in section:

Other articles:

What kind of business can be organized in the basement

What kind of business can you come up with in the basement?

Starting a business in the basement

What activities are allowed to be carried out in the basement of a residential building

Prohibited Activities

Legal registration of the premises

Collection and submission of documentation

Repair and technical inspection

Risks associated with doing business in the basement

Ground floor in an apartment building

Types of cellars

Graveyard on level ground

Pit preparation

Materials for building a cellar

Foundation

Wall construction, ventilation and waterproofing

Cellar ceiling

Roof over the cellar

Cellar lighting

Wall, floor and ceiling decoration

Prices for various types of thermal insulation materials

Video: construction stages of one of the cellar options

Cellar with sloping entrance and earth embankment

Installation of the finished structure for the cellar

Video: installation of a finished insulated cellar