How to equip a warehouse? How to equip a warehouse from scratch? How to choose shelving for a warehouse? How to choose warehouse equipment? What warehouse equipment is needed to open a warehouse?.. Probably, this list of questions can be continued endlessly, asking and asking questions search engines Internet, expecting to get as accurate an answer as possible. In fact, there will be a lot of answers, but will at least one of them be useful? This is where it’s worth thinking about where to start organizing a warehouse economy?
There should be only one answer to all of the above questions - ask for help from specialists who have been working in the field of warehouse equipment for more than one year and have opened more than one hundred warehouses from scratch. Well, if you still decide to figure it out on your own, then here are some tips and points that you should definitely pay attention to when organizing warehouse management. Let's ask the main question: how to equip a warehouse from "a" to "z"?
Steps to opening a warehouse from scratch
- Think over a business plan for the organization of warehousing. It will include all expenses. But how to calculate the budget for warehouse equipment? To do this, we move as follows: determine the type of warehouse, its size, class. The warehouse should be spacious and convenient for unloading and loading operations and storage of goods. Warehouse can be built or rented. In the first case, we will talk about the equipment of an existing warehouse. And now we have a warehouse! Half done! If the warehouse is rented, then its access roads cannot be replaced, but the entrance group and the arrangement in the warehouse are always welcome! We look at the gates - if you are not satisfied with them, you can always replace them with sectional automatic modern models, which will allow you to quickly gain access to the entrance of transport to the warehouse, as well as maintain the working air temperature inside the warehouse. The gate can be equipped with a wicket if there is no other entrance to the warehouse (so as not to constantly raise the entire gate). If the car cannot fully drive into the warehouse, use reloading vestibules, which during the cold period will allow you to load cars, reducing the loss of heat from the warehouse by several times. For more convenient loading, it is possible to equip the warehouse with a leveling platform, which will help when loading vehicles with different body heights. Warehouse needs shelving. A warehouse without shelving is constant chaos. Racks come in different types, for different goods and storage conditions. Here it is definitely better for you to turn to specialists who will measure your premises and arrange the racks in your warehouse. But still a little about the racks. And they are pallet, console, mezzanine, shelf, mobile. trade, etc. In general, the shelving manufacturer will be able to select equipment for you exactly according to your warehouse size and fit it to the goods and equipment for the warehouse. And also tell you the cost of racks. which will be part of your budget estimate. And so we moved on to loading warehouse equipment! And where without her? Warehouse equipment are: platform carts, hydraulic rakes, loaders, stackers, reach trucks, beam cranes. Specialists will also help you choose the right equipment for the warehouse, because you need to take into account many points. The price of equipment for the warehouse is also included in the calculation of the budget. So it turns out that to equip the warehouse for full performance, you need to follow the procedure - then the order in the warehouse will please its owner and warehouse workers.
- The second case of organizing a warehouse from scratch is building a warehouse from the very beginning. Here, of course, the costs are different, but you can also build a warehouse just for yourself. In this case, you need to act like this: we allocate a site for construction, we make a project taking into account all the wishes and requirements, we coordinate the project. Then the construction itself - only after the approval of the project, otherwise you can not put the warehouse into operation for many years. In order to calculate the cost of building a warehouse, the project must be sent for calculation to manufacturers of prefabricated buildings and structures. This type of frame is ideal for a warehouse. The metal frame is sheathed with sandwich panels, which makes the warehouse very warm. The construction of such a building will be fast and reliable. A warehouse made of sandwich panels easily takes into account all the points given in the first case (with warehouse rental). It is also possible to build a warehouse from corrugated board, but it will require additional insulation.
Depending on the place in the logistics chain, warehouses are divided into:
- warehouses of consumers of products;
- warehouses of household organizations;
- warehouses transport companies;
- manufacturers' warehouses.
- warehouse store.
Do not forget about the design characteristics. According to the type of construction, warehouses are divided into:
- closed;
- open;
- semi-closed.
Undoubtedly, the success of your business will be made up of many details. One of the most important components is the organization of space in the warehouse. After all, you need to use not only the length and width of the warehouse, but also its height. Racks, containers, as well as various metal structures produced by Russian Metal will help you keep everything you want in order and not waste storage space. Contact us and we will help you organize your warehouse.
How to equip the store?
Today, one of the acceptable and popular types of private activity is the opening of a store. However, not everyone knows where to start. And the following question still remains relevant: how to open a store from scratch?
As in any other entrepreneurial activity, at the initial stage it is important to draw up a clear business plan. It should include the following details:
1. The choice of goods.
Decide on the product you would like to sell. Remember that in this matter it is important not only your desire, but also the real consumer demand.
2. The total budget for opening a store.
Calculate all the costs of opening a store from scratch. Prepare for unforeseen expenses, which in turn can be many times more than planned.
3. Analysis of competitors.
Analyze competitors in the niche where you plan to organize your business. Clearly state your advantages that distinguish you from your competitors. For example, you will have free shipping goods, or convenient location of the store. Remember that out of thousands of competing companies, the buyer must choose your store.
4. Definition target audience(buyers).
The definition of the target audience is inextricably linked with the product being sold. Therefore, your task is to get to know the potential buyer as best as possible. His age, hobbies, income level and so on are important. With the help of this information, you will be able to accurately identify your potential buyer, and most importantly, to interest him as much as possible with your assortment.
5. Shop concept selection.
How would you like your store to be? Will it be a small boutique or a supermarket, one store or a whole chain, self-service or work through the counter - it's up to you. It is after answering these questions that you can clearly formulate the concept of the future store.
6. Design development (including interior).
At the initial stage of design development, it is necessary to give the store a name, starting from its concept. After that, you can start developing corporate identity. It usually includes the development of a logo, trademark, business cards, magnets, stickers and other corporate souvenirs. Everyone wonders how to equip a shop, which is why you need to think about interior design commercial premises. After all, it is the interior that creates a certain mood in the buyer, motivating him to buy.
7. The choice of commercial equipment.
Let's dwell on this point in more detail. Do not know how to furnish a shop? If you want the product to appear before the buyer in the most favorable light, you need to choose quality equipment. The Russian Metal company offers you the widest range of equipment for various types of retail premises.
counters .
This type of furniture will help to demonstrate the product to the buyer. Shelves are great for decorating small shops or kiosks.
Showcases .
Showcases, like counters, serve to demonstrate goods, however, often their dimensions are much larger. On them you can place almost any kind of goods: souvenirs, Jewelry, cell phones, cameras and so on.
Trading racks .
Perfect for both small showrooms and large self-service supermarkets.
Trading drives and racks .
This type of equipment is usually used to place printed materials: magazines, postcards, newspapers, etc.
shopping carts .
Without a doubt, this type of equipment is suitable for large supermarkets. However, if the area of your store allows customers to move freely, you can safely use it.
shopping carts .
Unlike the previous type of equipment, shopping baskets are suitable for both small shops and supermarkets.
In this article, we have describeda list of recommendations for improving warehouse performance and maximizing profits.
Labour Organization
1. Appoint an effective manager. It must meet the following requirements:
- experience, knowledge of the nuances of warehouse logistics;
- confident user of PC and software for process automation;
- knowledge of all processes.
It is good if such an effective manager can "grow" himself from his employees. Is there no such possibility? Start searching on the side.
2. Keep track of your headcount. Do not exceed it without urgent need, but also do not go beyond the normalization of the working hours of employees in accordance with the current legislation.
3. Developing norms, local legal acts follow the law: Labor Code, Resolutions of Sanpin, current intersectoral norms and rules, federal laws, recommendations of various departments. Conduct a workplace assessment.
4. Develop a clear organizational structure personnel. Over time, it can be upgraded and new ones introduced. structural units or staff units.
5. Regulate the workflow so that the staff has clear instructions for action. Develop and implement:
- Regulations on the warehouse (this will be your foundation of the foundations - the Constitution of the warehouse);
- regulations describing the processes of acceptance, movement, storage, release, return, picking, write-off;
- draw up a flow chart for each process;
- official, work instructions;
- instructions on labor protection, fire and electrical safety.
Keep track of the validity of the developed documentation.
6. Keep track of the separation of labor and technology resources. They must be evenly distributed. The situation when one part of the warehouse is idle, and the second is worn out is unacceptable!
7. Transfer workers to piece-bonus pay.
8. Pay salaries based on performance indicators (KTR). Consider no more than 10 indicators, otherwise their inclusion will lead to even greater costs. You can limit yourself to taking into account such indicators:
The volume of shipped products;
- speed of shipment;
- quality indicators (lack of battle, marriage, accuracy of design).
9. Organize workplaces, equip them with everything necessary to perform official duties. Place the offices of immediate supervisors as close as possible to the work areas of subordinates.
10. Follow the labor market in the field of warehouse logistics, track the level of employment and changes in salaries.
Unloading and receiving
11. Before unloading the car, it is necessary to verify the seal numbers with those indicated in the accompanying documents. Check their integrity, correct sealing. Inspect the vehicle for a malfunction (torn awning, broken lacing).
12. Develop regulations that determine the procedure for unloading vehicles if they arrived at the same time. Take the decision on priority based on the specifics of the products arrived, its quantity. First of all, it is advisable to unload items that will not be stored, but will go immediately for assembly and shipment to the customer.
13. Unloading should be carried out rationally in accordance with the developed technological schemes. It is advisable to carry out unloading with the simultaneous entry of goods into the register and control in terms of quantity and quality.
14. Only one item of goods may be placed on a pallet. Avoid mixing and sorting. You can set a rule that different items can be stored on one pallet, but at the same time, if they are sent to the same zone. Arrange packages so labels are easy to read.
15. Pallets (pallets, stacks) used for storage must be stable, serviceable, ensure the integrity of the goods when moving. For the safety of products, it is necessary to carry out its "palletization" - wrap 2-3 upper rows with several layers of stretch film.
16. Unloading should be carried out as quickly as possible by the best workers.
17. Unload and take into storage on the day of arrival.
18. Check compliance with the quantity indicated in the waybill by:
- partial or full weighing;
- recalculation of units in the package;
- recalculation of the number of packages.
Be sure to open all suspicious, damaged packages to check the safety of the attachments.
19. Effective Method increase the speed of unloading and registration - assign certain categories to suppliers: "super reliable", "reliable", "requiring verification", etc. It is not necessary to check the cargo from an ultra-reliable supplier. A "reliable" supplier needs to check no more than 30% of the scope of delivery. Shipment from a supplier that "requires verification" is checked thoroughly.
20. In case of shortage, surplus, regrading, marriage and other claims, draw up an act. You can use the unified form TORG-2, developed by the State Statistics Committee, but it is very cumbersome. The law allows you to use your own approved form of the act.
Storage
21. Each category of goods must have its own zone. And separate or so-called "virtual" warehouses should be created. For example, a warehouse "in the zone of long-term storage" or a warehouse "in the zone of waiting for shipment." Thus, you will always know how the goods move inside the "physical" (main) warehouse.
22. Inside the allocated area, a place (box, shelf, pallet, rack) should be allocated for a certain article.
23. Frequently requested items should be readily available. Such positions should be placed as close as possible to the shipping area. To determine the demand, use the ABC analysis or a special technique for the percentage of circulation.
24. Sometimes the "demand rule" has exceptions: it is better to store bulky goods, regardless of demand, near the shipping area. It is advisable to store products of great value in the back of the room.
25. Determine the categories of goods for statistical storage - in allocated places, and for dynamic storage - place in free places at the time of its receipt. Designate staff responsible for organizing accommodation.
26. Do not store goods on the floor! Use pallets of the same standard 800x1200, 1000x1200 or any other size.
27. Transfer the goods for storage with the utmost care. Inspect it daily for integrity.
28. Enter the rule "3 steps" for a quick search: 1st step - arrange the product into groups. The staff will remember the storage location of this group.
29. 2nd step - address storage (the product in quantity "x" is stored in department "A", on rack "B", on shelf "1", in cell "11"). Enter the information into the accounting system. Make labels in different colors. The color will help in identification.
30. 3rd step - implementation automated system accounting, the use of bar codes, bar codes, digital codes, electronic labels. This method helps to get the job done quickly and efficiently, but has disadvantages:
- high price;
- strict regulation of all actions;
- only zoned storage;
- good software;
- personnel must be trained in the use of the system.
Packing and shipment
31. Never release a load without accompanying documents. EKAM allows you to generate waybills, invoices, TORG-12 and many other documents.
32. Develop picking routes, set deadlines for the preparation of supporting documents.
33. Set the time for receiving applications from customers: for example, applications submitted after 16:00 are processed the next day, applications submitted before 12:00 are processed on the same day after 15:00, etc. Appoint an official who will be authorized to make a decision on changing the regulations on the time of picking.
34. Determine priority items for shipment. This:
- orders that will be delivered to the customer earlier;
- orders for the last unloading point vehicle-carrier.
35. It is wise to use a combination of two picking methods:
- individual, when the required amount of goods for one order is withdrawn from the departments;
- complex, when a product that is present in several orders is withdrawn.
Assign a worker to decide on the picking method.
36. Place the completed goods in a container, container, put on a separate pallet, wrap with foil. Label with customer name, shipping address.
37. Get a "Packing Log", where each employee responsible for order picking will put his signature.
38. Inspect the vehicle for suitability for the load being carried. Avoid shipment to inappropriate transport.
39. Do not exceed the permitted carrying capacity of the vehicle, axle load.
40. Avoid bulk loading or stacking heavy goods on top of light goods. If the product is damaged during shipment, then immediately replace it - a return from the client is inevitable, but it will cost more. Upon completion of loading, we seal the vehicle in accordance with the established regulations.
Warehouse zoning
41. Determine which premises you need based on the picture:
42. Divide the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room into zones.
34. The area of each zone must be used with maximum benefit, then it may turn out that part of the premises can be rented out.
44. Do not allow the storage area to be extended to other departments.
45. Use a scientific approach to calculate the required space for each zone. The calculation is based on the indicators of cargo turnover and inventory turnover.
46. Create a zone of "marriage", put there products that do not meet the established requirements. It is advisable to visually fence it off.
47. Let the manager submit a monthly report on products in the "defective" zone with a proposal for decisions on its further use.
48. Take measures to reduce the number of marriages:
- price drop;
- bonuses for sales managers;
- promotions, sales;
- return to the manufacturer;
- repair, restoration;
- selling to their employees;
- charity events;
- disposal.
49. The presence of passages and passages inside the warehouse is mandatory!
50. Administrative and amenity premises should be in sufficient quantity: toilets, showers, changing rooms, rest rooms. The optimal rate is 3 square meters. meters per person.
Warehouse order
51. Even with a significant shortage of space, leave passages of at least 50 cm along the walls, this will make it possible to bypass the warehouse around the perimeter for inspection and during cleaning.
52. If there is not enough space, then consider the possibility of additional shelves on racks, extensions of mezzanines from above. Or maybe reduce the space between the shelves?
53. Do not store foreign items in the warehouse.
54. Use a modern lighting system. Paint the ceiling in a light color - this enhances the luminous flux.
55. Create a lighting system that will only illuminate the parts that need to be illuminated in this moment. This will significantly reduce energy costs.
56. Use the principles of ergonomics: walls, ceilings of light color will visually increase the space. Highlight traumatic areas with bright colors.
57. Mark the floor for the movement of equipment. Designate the places of its parking.
58. Equip the warehouse with warning signs, information plates. Be sure to hang up a safety information board.
59. Keep clean. Carry out systematic cleaning, deratization. Monitor the health of all systems: sewerage, ventilation, air conditioning.
60. Keep in mind that your warehouse will be known far beyond your region - carriers are willing to share information about working conditions.
Warehouse equipment
61. Loading and unloading equipment is very expensive. The calculation of its required amount is best done according to the well-known Gadzhinsky method. It is important to correctly calculate the stock indicator: when certain number trolleys during unloading can be supplemented with idle ones from the neighboring department.
62. Each piece of equipment must be assigned to a specific person - individual responsibility greatly increases its service life.
63. In technical department there should be everything necessary for maintenance: brushes, rags, a vacuum cleaner, buckets. Materials for lubrication and maintenance should also be available and located in the technical department.
64. Please note that employees working with complex equipment are required to undergo training. To conduct training, it is necessary to conclude a contract with a training organization.
65. Has the warranty expired? Conduct an inspection on the basis of which make a decision on the appropriateness further use, sale, purchase of new equipment.
66. Try to buy from one manufacturer. Spare parts from decommissioned equipment are suitable for repair.
67. Entry of equipment into a wagon or vehicle body - justified. Use overpasses, adjusting bridges for this.
68. When choosing a manufacturer, consider:
- cost, terms of payment;
- lifetime;
- reviews of other buyers;
- specifications;
- how service is organized.
69. On a level floor, use polyurethane coated wheels. With uneven, earthen floor, asphalt coating - rubber wheels or nylon rollers.
70. Buy 80% of pallet trucks with two rollers - for work along the entire length of the pallet. 20% of trolleys with one roller - for working with a pallet on the side, is enough.
Cost reduction, optimal budgeting
71. Manage the cost of operations, which is calculated as the dependence of handling costs on cargo turnover over a period of time. Cost data will allow you to see ways to optimize technological processes.
72. Make the cost price the main motivation of the management staff: the lower it is, the more bonuses.
73. If possible, determine the cost of each operation - this will help identify and eliminate unnecessary, non-profitable ones.
74. Introduce IT technologies and lean principles to reduce costs.
75. Reduce the number of manual operations with the movement of the load to the minimum possible. Labor productivity will increase - costs will decrease.
76. Increase the level of staff training. Create a flexible motivation system.
77. Approve standards for consumables. Review them periodically.
78. Make a budget in advance - this will allow you to spend money efficiently.
79. Give the manager some financial independence: let him decide issues with the priority of payments.
80. Remember! The warehouse does not spend money, it earns it! There are many ways:
Safety of material assets
81. Sign an agreement on liability with each employee.
82. Require personnel to strictly comply with established rules, norms, and regulations.
83. Do not allow the presence of a "peak" load on the warehouse, this leads to a different result on the fact and documentation.
84. Employees should be aware that losses are covered from the company's net income.
85. Do not punish anyone financially without establishing the causes and conditions of shortage (spoilage of products).
86. Eliminate the possibility of theft of goods, the presence of strangers.
87. Special control is required for shipping areas - 90% of thefts occur here.
88. Pay on time wages staff.
89. Periodically check employees for alcohol intoxication, drug addiction.
90. Use modern security systems, or at least their dummies.
Inventory
91. Regulate the inventory procedure. Clearly define goals and deadlines. Inventory goals can be:
- identifying discrepancies between documentary and actual data;
- improving the efficiency of inventory management;
- improving the level of service and more.
92. The inventory is announced by order, which determines the date of the event, the composition of the commission, goals, participants.
93. Before the procedure, stop the movement of products in and out of the warehouse.
94. Have employees prepare the warehouse for the event.
95. The most competent employees of the warehouse should take part in the inventory.
96. Conduct a complete inventory once a year, periodically - monthly or weekly. Analyze data from previous checks.
97. Occasionally conduct unscheduled inventories to test the performance of the manager.
98. Use different methods: by geography, manufacturer, product group, etc.
99. Removing residues is the task of responsible people! Get it done.
100. The results of the inventory are drawn up by an act, all financially responsible employees put their signatures.
Warehouse logistics is a complex system that plays a crucial role in the supply chain. This area multifaceted and diverse, there is always room for improvement, efficiency and profitability.
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Privacy agreement
and processing of personal data
1. General Provisions
1.1. This agreement on confidentiality and processing of personal data (hereinafter referred to as the Agreement) is accepted freely and of its own free will, applies to all information that Insales Rus LLC and / or its affiliates, including all persons belonging to the same group with Insales Rus LLC (including EKAM Service LLC) can receive about the User while using any of the sites, services, services, computer programs, products or services of Insales Rus LLC ( hereinafter referred to as the Services) and during the execution of any agreements and contracts with the User by Insales Rus LLC. The User's consent to the Agreement, expressed by him in the framework of relations with one of the listed persons, applies to all other listed persons.
1.2. The use of the Services means the User's consent to this Agreement and the conditions specified therein; in case of disagreement with these conditions, the User must refrain from using the Services.
"Insales"- Society with limited liability"Insales Rus", OGRN 1117746506514, TIN 7714843760, KPP 771401001, registered at the address: 125319, Moscow, Akademika Ilyushin St., 4, building 1, office 11 (hereinafter referred to as "Insales"), on the one hand, and
"User" -
or individual who has legal capacity and is recognized as a participant in civil legal relations in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
or entity, registered in accordance with the laws of the state of which such person is a resident;
or individual entrepreneur, registered in accordance with the laws of the state of which such person is a resident;
which has accepted the terms of this Agreement.
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1.5. The purpose of this Agreement is to protect confidential information that the Parties will exchange during negotiations, conclusion of contracts and fulfillment of obligations, as well as any other interaction (including, but not limited to, consulting, requesting and providing information, and performing other assignments).
2.Obligations of the Parties
2.1. The Parties agree to keep secret all confidential information received by one Party from the other Party during the interaction of the Parties, not to disclose, disclose, make public or otherwise provide such information to any third party without the prior written permission of the other Party, except in cases specified in the current legislation, when the provision of such information is the responsibility of the Parties.
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2.3. The obligation to keep secret confidential information is valid within the term of this Agreement, the license agreement for computer programs dated December 01, 2016, the agreement of accession to the license agreement for computer programs, agency and other agreements and for five years after their termination, unless otherwise agreed by the Parties.
(a) if the information provided has become publicly available without violating the obligations of one of the Parties;
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2.6. The information that the User provides to Insales when registering in the Services is not personal data, as defined in federal law RF No. 152-FZ dated July 27, 2006. "About personal data".
2.7. Insales has the right to make changes to this Agreement. When making changes in the current version, the date is indicated latest update. The new version of the Agreement comes into force from the moment of its placement, unless otherwise provided new edition Agreements.
2.8. By accepting this Agreement, the User acknowledges and agrees that Insales may send personalized messages and information to the User (including, but not limited to) to improve the quality of the Services, to develop new products, to create and send personal offers to the User, to inform the User about changes in Tariff plans and updates, to send marketing materials to the User related to the Services, to protect the Services and Users, and for other purposes.
The user has the right to refuse to receive the above information by notifying in writing to the e-mail address Insales - .
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2.12. The User is obliged to immediately notify Insales of any case of unauthorized (not authorized by the User) access to the Services using the User's account and / or any violation (suspicion of violation) of the confidentiality of their means of access to the account. For security purposes, the User is obliged to independently carry out a safe shutdown of work under his account at the end of each session of work with the Services. Insales is not responsible for the possible loss or corruption of data, as well as other consequences of any nature that may occur due to the violation by the User of the provisions of this part of the Agreement.
3. Responsibility of the Parties
3.1. The Party that violated the obligations stipulated by the Agreement regarding the protection of confidential information transmitted under the Agreement is obliged to compensate, at the request of the affected Party, the real damage caused by such a violation of the terms of the Agreement in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation.
3.2. Compensation for damages does not terminate the obligations of the violating Party for the proper performance of obligations under the Agreement.
4.Other provisions
4.1. All notices, requests, demands and other correspondence under this Agreement, including those including confidential information, must be in writing and delivered in person or through a courier, or sent by e-mail to the addresses specified in the license agreement for computer programs dated December 01, 2016, the agreement of accession to the license agreement for computer programs and in this Agreement or other addresses that may be specified in writing by the Party in the future.
4.2. If one or more provisions (conditions) of this Agreement are or become invalid, then this cannot serve as a reason for the termination of other provisions (conditions).
4.3. The law of the Russian Federation shall apply to this Agreement and the relationship between the User and Insales arising in connection with the application of the Agreement.
4.3. The User has the right to send all suggestions or questions regarding this Agreement to the Insales User Support Service or by postal address: 107078, Moscow, st. Novoryazanskaya, 18, pp. 11-12 BC "Stendhal" LLC "Insales Rus".
Publication date: 01.12.2016
Full name in Russian:
Limited Liability Company "Insales Rus"
Abbreviated name in Russian:
Insales Rus LLC
Name in English:
InSales Rus Limited Liability Company (InSales Rus LLC)
Legal address:
125319, Moscow, st. Academician Ilyushin, 4, building 1, office 11
Mailing address:
107078, Moscow, st. Novoryazanskaya, 18, building 11-12, BC "Stendhal"
TIN: 7714843760 KPP: 771401001
Bank details:
The normal operation of the enterprise is not possible without the proper organization of the warehouse. It is not just a repository of various raw materials or finished products, but a room with a clear organization of space, equipped with the necessary equipment and structures in accordance with the requirements of production.
The equipment of any warehouse consists of technical and stationary devices that are required for the placement of products. Part of the equipment is the various mechanisms by which goods are moved within the warehouse and beyond its borders.
The second piece of equipment is various designs, which are the place of storage of goods. , boxes, containers or, - their types, sizes and quantity depend on the range of products placed in the warehouse.
Accommodation
First of all, these are ordinary shelf racks. They are practical and convenient for storing small items that need to be organized and quickly found. This type of racks is convenient because in the course of work the specialized equipment is not required.
Multi-story or mezzanine shelving has a metal structure and can reach the height of the ceiling of the room. Special transitions and stairs are mounted between levels. This equipment is quite convenient, but difficult in terms of configuration and installation method.
The most convenient storage of the same type of cargo is deep racks. They allow you to optimally use the entire warehouse space, leaving only the desired passage in the middle.
Racks and various structures must be arranged in such a way that loading devices can move freely in different directions. Without touching products during maneuvers, and without endangering the health of workers in the warehouse.
moving
Hand trucks with 2 wheels are used to transport light weight cargoes around the warehouse. To move light, but bulky goods, trolleys on 4 wheels are used. The most common type of warehouse equipment are hydraulic carts. They are mainly used for the transport of goods on pallets. Such a trolley can easily transport a load of up to 3 tons with the participation of just one person.
In small warehouses, self-propelled pallet trucks are often used. They may or may not have a step for the driver. In the first case, the trolley develops a speed of up to 15 km/h, in the second case this figure drops to 5-7 km/h. The trolley can move a load of up to 2.5 tons and lift it to a height of up to 4.5 meters.
You can’t do without a warehouse without more serious equipment, for example or. A stacker has small wheels and, unlike a forklift, it does not have a weighted rear end. Due to this, its dimensions are significantly reduced, which allows the machine to work in rather narrow aisles. This type of equipment is capable of moving loads to a height of up to 12 m. Often stackers come with lifting cabins in which the operator is located. Or equipped with a camera and a monitor on which you can track all the actions. There are also -.
A stacker is an inside warehouse equipment, a loader is more suitable for outdoor work. To create a counterweight, it is equipped with a weighted rear part, has a lifting mast with forks. The stacker can also travel outside the warehouse, but its movement is hindered by various kinds of bumps on the roads. In this plan the best option there will be a loader. Machines operating in the territory of open warehouses are equipped with a winter version of the cabin with heating and wipers. During the summer, the doors are removed, which allows you to work in hot weather.
Issues of management and organization
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- We arrange the system and warehouse.
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We select equipment for storage
Depending on the purpose and types of stored goods, the following equipment is often required to organize a warehouse: racks for storing goods, a variety of loading equipment and trolleys, gate systems, ladders and ladders, refrigeration equipment, containers and pallets, scales, packaging equipment, and so on and so forth.
By far, the equipment that makes life easier for a loader is a variety of loaders: from huge reachstackers designed for containers to compact mini-loaders with a load capacity of 300-500 kg. Loaders are divided into types depending on the type of power supply: they can be electric, run on diesel, gasoline, gas, or be a combined type - gas and gasoline.
With a small set of goods, the use of forklifts becomes impractical. In this case, the use of manual or self-propelled carts is justified. Hand trucks are also divided into simple platform, hydraulic and two-wheeled.
AND
A stacker, unlike a forklift, is more designed to lift goods to a height in order to install it on a rack. A stacker can also carry cargo, but it travels much slower than a forklift and has a lower payload. Stackers can be both manual pneumatic and self-propelled.
This type of technical equipment of the warehouse is necessary for lifting a person and a group of people with a load or a tool to a height.
Racks are intended for storage of goods in bulk, boxes or pallets with goods. Therefore, depending on the type and method of storing goods on them, racks can be divided into the following types: frontal (pallet racks), deep pallet, gravity, cantilever, shelf, stuffed, mezzanines, cash&carry, paternosters, archival, etc.
Scales can be classified into different kinds depending on the type of load to be weighed, its estimated weight and dimensions. Most often platform scales of various loading capacity are applied.
Additional equipment includes strapping tools (manual and semi-automatic), pallet wrappers, rollers.
Equipment for logistics automation stands apart - data collection terminals, label printers, barcode scanners.
Sooner or later, many companies are faced with the fact that they need a full-fledged stock for products. It does not matter whether it will be a large and modern warehouse complex, or a small room, so to speak, the “backyard” of the store. The principles of equipping all warehouses with equipment are the same, and there are some tricks here that will allow you to quickly, easily and cost-effectively organize efficient and warehouse management. play a very important role here shelving which we will focus on first.
Shelving
Racks are one of the main components of the success of the warehouse, because it is on them that a variety of products will be stored. Accordingly, the issue of choosing racks must be taken seriously, and their type should be decided already at the design stage. warehouse.
Today, several types of shelving are most common. These are frontal (for storing pallets), walk-through or stuffed (beneficial when you need to store cargo in large volumes and there is no need to deal with a wide variety of goods in pallets), cargo universal, cantilever, mezzanine. All these types of shelving offers.
Let us briefly dwell on each of these types, so that it is clear why and what rack necessary. Let's start with drive-in or walk-through racks. They allow optimal use of the warehouse space and provide a high level of efficiency in managing large quantities of the same product, thanks to the ability to pass inside the forklift system and place the load on the carrier rails. This solution is ideal if you need to store large volumes of cargo and do not need to deal with a wide variety of goods on pallets.
In the standard version, the walk-through racks are designed for the use of EUR pallets (1200x800 mm). However, the Rostec company, meeting the needs of its customers, offers racks of this type, designed for pallets other than standard ones.
Themselves shelving are a collapsible structure consisting of frames, connecting beams and load-bearing rails on which pallets with cargo are installed.
Advantages:
. efficient use of space;
. maximum storage density;
. lack of aisles between the racks;
. ease of installation;
. the ability to independently change the configuration of the rack.
A properly organized warehouse is one of the most important and strong links in the chain of business related to cars, whether it is a car dealership, service station or wholesale depot. You can also consider an auto parts warehouse as a separate business, basically it allows you to reduce the costs of storage, maintenance and other items of expenditure of a larger structure.
Due to the rapid movement of goods, the warehouse makes it possible to accelerate the turnover of capital investments. The key point in organizing a warehouse is the movement of goods, not their storage - this principle is extremely important in planning and determines overall efficiency warehouse.
modern warehouse of class A auto parts
There is no unambiguous classification of car spare parts warehouses, but it is possible to distinguish the main groups, which makes it possible to more accurately approach the problem:
- Warehouses of central representative offices;
- Warehouses of official dealers and informal representations;
- Warehouses of networks selling auto parts;
- Warehouses of auto parts stores;
- Warehouses of spare parts for repair shops (SRT)
Understanding which of these categories a warehouse belongs to is one of the highlights in all of creating a warehouse.
Selection of the size and location of the spare parts warehouse
The size of the future warehouse is determined by the type of activity and the planned turnover. For small businesses in the field retail auto parts, warehouses at service stations and repair shops do not require huge premises, so small, prefabricated warehouses made of LSTK will be the best solution. Such warehouses can be built both in "warm" and in "cold" design.
Two main materials are used for sheathing - SIP-panel and profiled steel sheet. The panels are good for "warm" type warehouses, in which the desired temperature is maintained in winter. The professional flooring is suitable for warehouses without heating.
For a small warehouse, a good turnkey solution may be.
For larger projects, for warehouses of trade dealer networks or official representative offices, you can also use ready-made solutions, for example:
an example of a typical warehouse solution from LMK
The elements of the building are made in industrial conditions from steel sheet materials, which ensures high accuracy. The design is distinguished by significant strength and resistance to fire, wind and seismic loads. At the same time, structural elements occupy a minimum area, which allows increasing the usable area of the building. In some cases, the usable area is expanded by 20%, which simplifies the question of how to equip a spare parts warehouse.
The main advantage of such structures is the price. The average cost of 1 m 2 of a warehouse is from 2500 rubles.
Organization of the loading and unloading area
The warehouse area consists of three main areas: receiving, storing and issuing. In order to optimize the work of the spare parts warehouse as much as possible, it is necessary to correctly set the incoming and outgoing flow of goods. For the incoming flow, the warehouse must be equipped with convenient access roads, warehouse gates and platforms for convenient loading and unloading of goods.
Important!
The wrong approach is to organize the incoming flow from the area adjacent to the warehouse when the warehouse is part of a larger station. If the warehouse is not located on the first floor, it is recommended to install a freight elevator.
For convenient and prompt acceptance of goods, it is necessary to provide a "bridge" to connect the floor of the warehouse and the side of the truck that brings the products to the warehouse. For this, special dock levelers or "dockwellers" are used:
In the case when the warehouse is part of the complex of the city or regional representative office of the brand, then the outgoing flow should be divided into 2 parts - access to the repair and maintenance area, and delivery to the client area, where direct sales are performed. There is no retail in the central representative office, and all the accents of the warehouse are shifted.
example of unloading area equipment in a VW parts warehouse
Analyzing these flows, you can choose the most convenient place for a warehouse on the territory of the station. After that, the dimensions of the warehouse are determined. For this, the required warehouse volume, the frequency and volume of replenishment, the speed of internal processing of goods are taken into account. There are also deeper components - assortment, seasonality, etc.
Designing the placement of goods in a warehouse
Warehouse planning should be guided by the following principles:
- The most convenient placement of spare parts;
- Reducing the time of receipt of products from the place of storage;
- Reducing the time of acceptance of goods and their placement in the warehouse.
When considering these principles in deciding how to store spare parts in a warehouse, situations often arise that good idea for one task contradicts another. Here is an example of a well-designed area for storing goods in an auto parts warehouse:
The scheme of the correct placement of racks in the auto parts warehouse (source forma-com.ru)
The storage area can be divided into the following parts depending on the groups of the warehouse stock:
Body parts
This group includes hoods, fenders, doors, bumpers, etc. For their storage, vertical racks for the spare parts warehouse with rearranged dividers are used. One item takes an average of 20 cm from the width of the rack. Some parts can be nested, such as plastic fenders and bumpers. When choosing the size of this part of the warehouse, one should be guided by the general direction of the station.
For example, at dealers, work is aimed at simple and quick repairs, so the number of stored body parts is small. If the question is how to open a warehouse for auto body parts, then this part of the warehouse will occupy a large space.
Tires and wheels
This product group requires special conditions. In many auto centers, these conditions are not met - rubber products are stored in a pile or folded in a herringbone pattern. At long-term storage this leads to deformation of the rubber at the points of contact with the supporting structures. Recommended.
special shelving systems for storing tires and wheels
For convenience of storage racks can be completed with additional elements, first of all dividers. This allows you to place not only tires, but also other auto parts on one rack. The number of wheels varies considerably depending on the type of warehouse. Up to 500 kits can be in the regional representative offices of the brand at the same time.
Combustive-lubricating liquids
The peculiarity of their storage is the requirement in a separate storage location. In practice, a partition is simply installed, which shows a separate room. Liquids are packaged in barrels of 200 and 60 liters, as well as smaller containers. If the work is carried out with trucks, then the required number of barrels grows by an order of magnitude. For storage, it is recommended to use racks with grates, this simplifies the removal of smudges.
Attention. If it is planned to store flammable liquids in the warehouse, the installation of
Spare parts of medium and small dimensions
They are packaged in boxes, and in the question of how spare parts are stored in the warehouse, there are no problems with them. In the middle center there are 2-3 thousand items of spare parts of small dimensions. It is convenient enough to use containers with internal separators for them.
Parts warehouse automation
This stage of the business plan concerns large warehouses of wholesale dealers and large representatives with a floor space of several thousand square meters. However, small businesses that are planning to expand will be interested to know about new technologies used to automate logistics processes in auto parts warehouses.
The most important automation tool is the warehouse management system. It determines the optimal routes and locations for product placement. The effectiveness of such a system is best seen when working with a large number of items. The management system allows you to minimize the costs associated with the processing of goods, the number of warehouse employees, minimize errors associated with human factor and speed up the order processing process as much as possible.
How to save storage space when storing auto parts?
- If the turnover in your warehouse has increased and the number of product items has increased significantly
- If your employees spend a lot of time picking an order
- We need to expand the warehouse, but I want to save money and not invest in the construction of new premises
Consider the example that reduced the storage area in the warehouse by 75% (from 2000 to 500 sq.m.)
For questions about the construction and design of storage facilities, please contact us through the feedback form
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