So, social service. Let's figure out what this concept includes. As a rule, mutually beneficial relationships arise when the existing demand for certain goods or services meets with a proposal that fully satisfies those who somehow realized and formulated a certain need. This is how relations are built in all spheres, including social ones. Note that the demand for social services arises among the most vulnerable people: the elderly, the disabled and children from disadvantaged families. Let us consider in detail one of the types of social relationships - semi-stationary social services.
Parties to the relationship
Any contractual relationship involves at least two parties who agree on rights and obligations in relation to each other.
In the Russian Federation, the right to social services, including semi-stationary social services, can be used by both citizens of the Russian Federation and foreigners, as well as persons without citizenship, but registered with a permanent place of residence in Russia. And this is one side.
On the other side are those bodies and organizations whose field of activity is the provision of necessary services. We present them in descending order of authority:
- organ executive power federal level: its function is legislative;
- state bodies of regional significance: their function is executive and controlling the social sphere of the region;
- social service institutions accountable to executive authorities of the federal level;
- social service institutions accountable government bodies regional significance;
- institutions providing social services on a non-state basis: both commercial and non-commercial;
- private entrepreneurs providing social services to the population.
Basic principles
All bodies and institutions related to social sphere, including the provision of stationary and semi-stationary social services, are guided in their work by certain principles.
We list the main ones:
1. Humane treatment of persons on inpatient care, including:
- a ban on the use of any medication in relation to them with the aim of influencing behavior;
- the inadmissibility of the use of force or isolation of a coercive nature.
Identification of the listed actions on the part of the personnel of institutions entails administrative and criminal liability.
2. Social services are provided to persons in need of them exclusively on a voluntary basis. If desired, a person receiving social services can refuse them at any time.
3. All details of a confidential nature, as well as the personal data of the person who applied for the provision social services, which have become known to specialists in the social sphere, are not subject to disclosure. Responsibility for violation of this principle is also provided for by law.
4. Any citizen in need of social services should be able to receive it. The entire set of established social services should be available to anyone who needs them.
5. Bodies of social protection of the population carry out systematic work aimed at creating and replenishing a database of persons who, due to life circumstances, need social support. Lists of such people are also provided educational institutions, DMIA, medical institutions.
Payment for services
Social services are provided by organizations whose functions include stationary and semi-stationary social services to the population, both on a gratuitous and paid basis. The amount of partial or full payment is established by the executive authorities of the federal level of the Russian Federation. The list of services provided is compiled on the basis of the demand of those categories of the population to whom these services are provided. Services provided free of charge are financed from the regional budget.
The quality of social services, as well as their regularity, are determined state standard.
The state is interested both in maintaining the usual quality of life and in its improvement for those categories of the population that are recognized as in need of social services.
Definition of social service
The concept of social service refers exclusively to the social sphere. This is an activity carried out continuously, periodically or once in order to improve the quality of life of the person who applied for help.
There are three types of social assistance, we list them:
1. Stationary, i.e. on the permanent basis: provides for the residence of the elderly and the disabled in boarding schools, as well as living together with the educational process for children in boarding schools.
2. Semi-stationary, i.e. with limited stay:
- stay in institutions of day and night residence - for the elderly and disabled;
- for minors who have lost their parents or removed from dysfunctional families - accommodation in children's centers.
3. Home service: both on a regular basis and on a one-time basis.
Thus, semi-stationary social service institutions are those institutions in which the stay for needy categories of the population is limited to a certain period established by law.
List of social services
Social services can be provided to certain categories of the population on a long-term and regular basis or once.
It should be noted that the provision of social services for a long period is provided mainly for stationary and semi-stationary forms of social services. Citizen, being in social institution receives the following services on a regular basis:
- Social services providing a standard level household comfort.
- Socio-medical, providing medical checkup, medical treatment, including physiotherapy exercises and, if necessary, the implementation of medical manipulations.
- Socio-psychological, aimed at stabilizing the psychological state of the recipient of social services, his socialization. If necessary, anonymous psychological work through a helpline.
- Socio-pedagogical - provided both taking into account the existing behavioral deviations among the recipients of social services, and for preventive purposes, which requires a revision of the value system and, as a result, the formation of interests that promote development. Pedagogical assistance to parents in the upbringing of children is also provided.
- Social and labor - turn out to be a citizen experiencing difficulties with employment, as well as with the arrangement of life associated with the inclusion of a work schedule in it.
- Social and legal - are provided in order to improve legal literacy to certain categories of the population who need to defend their rights and interests. Providing legal advice may be free, but this does not apply to representing the interests of a citizen in court.
- Services aimed at developing the communication skills of a person with a disability due to the loss of limbs, vision and other organs, intended for full communication.
This also applies to children with disabilities.
Urgent Services
Let's consider a situation where you, as a single or living alone pensioner or disabled person, are faced with a problem for which you need outside help to solve. Your material resources are not great, so you are not able to pay for the necessary services at commercial prices. In this case, information about urgent social assistance may be useful to you. It is provided by emergency social assistance departments under state budget institutions social services for the population. Such institutions exist in all regions of the Russian Federation.
So what can they do for you.
Let's start with the fact that such institutions operate warehouses of free clothes and shoes. These clothes are brought as charity by persons who, for some reason, do not use them. Clothing, both winter and summer, is accepted only in good condition, clean and ironed. Sometimes, as a charity, entrepreneurs bring new clothes and shoes. Also in stock are children's toys, children's furniture, strollers and walkers. However, these items do not stay in stock. Before the new academic year, a large number are deposited school supplies, uniform and briefcases.
- You can receive the necessary clothes, shoes and other items that you need from the above list in the form of free urgent social assistance in the warehouse.
- If for any reason you are in need of temporary housing, then by contacting the Social Security Administration, you can get the opportunity to live in a semi-permanent social service institution.
- At you are having legal difficulties, but you do not have the means to pay for the services of a lawyer. You can get free legal advice in the form of emergency social assistance.
- If you have experienced a high stress situation in your life and you have not been able to overcome it on your own, then you can seek psychological help in the emergency department of social services. This assistance will be provided to you free of charge by the psychologist of the institution, and, if necessary, by a clergyman who interacts with this institution.
- If it is difficult for you to carry out minor cosmetic repairs on your own, then the social workers of the urgent social service departments will help you solve this problem. But these services will be paid. However, the prices for such work are quite budgetary.
- If you are disabled and find it difficult to use services public transport, but there was a need to travel, for example, to the place of treatment, then in social service institutions there is an urgent transport service. It is also paid: you pay the cost of gasoline and the work of the driver.
- Nice appearance should be at any age. But if it is not possible to get to the nearest hairdresser, or its services are expensive, then you can make an application to call the hairdresser of the urgent social department. This service is also paid, however, its price is an order of magnitude lower than commercial.
Note: To receive urgent service, you only need to fill out an application at the Urgent Social Services Office. The provision of semi-stationary social services, as well as stationary, is associated with the procedure for issuing an appropriate package of documents.
Who is eligible?
Not every citizen of the Russian Federation is entitled to the existing range of social services, but only those who have been recognized by a special commission as needing the provision of social services. It is this citizen of the Russian Federation that will be considered the recipient of social services.
Each region of the country has a Ministry of Labor and Social Development, and it is at this level that decisions are made about a citizen's need for social services.
This happens under the following circumstances:
- a citizen cannot or is not able to properly continue to serve himself independently due to illness, age-related changes, injury or recognition of his disability;
- a citizen cannot provide proper permanent care for a disabled child or an adult recognized as disabled - due to the fact that he is forced to work;
- there are children or one child in the family who need socialization, minors can also be wards;
- family members do not have the opportunity to provide both permanent and temporary care for minors, the disabled, children with disabilities, including due to the lack of care for these family members;
- the family includes asocial persons with formed alcohol, drug or gambling addictions, as well as those with mental disabilities or there are signs of family violence;
- a citizen under the age of 23 was left without a permanent place of residence upon leaving the institution for minors left without parents due to the death of the latter or in connection with the deprivation of parents of parental rights;
- the citizen is not employed and deprived of the means of subsistence;
- other circumstances provided for by regional legislation or federal laws.
Main document
So, if a citizen belongs to one of the categories listed above, he has the right to social services, both on a permanent and short-term basis. However, this does not mean that a social service institution can start providing social services to a citizen.
The registration procedure begins with a citizen's application submitted to the territorial institution of social services for the population. After that, representatives of this institution go to the place of residence of a citizen to draw up an act of inspection of material and living conditions, as well as an examination of his physical and mental conditions, which are also reflected in the corresponding act.
These documents are the starting point for the formation of the "Individual Program for the Provision of Social Services". This package of documents will also reflect the types of semi-stationary social services, and other clauses of the contract.
It should be remembered that only certain categories of persons can apply for the provision of social services. We have listed them above.
Where is it happening?
Those who apply for the provision of social services on a regular basis should be aware of what will actually be associated with their receipt.
Services of semi-stationary social services are provided by specialists and special workers of the territorial complex centers of social services, at which day and (or) night departments are organized for the needy. These departments are supervised by the bodies of social protection of the population.
You are, of course, mindful of the set time period during which you can be a "resident" of a semi-residential social service department. There is no question of lifelong residence in them.
The provision of semi-residential social services can be both free (for certain types of services) and paid for you. The amount of payment for social services is related to the per capita financing established in each region of the Russian Federation. Per capita financing depends on the amount of the subsistence minimum established in the region of your residence.
What will help you?
As part of the semi-residential social services for the elderly and disabled, you can count on the provision of the following services:
- You will be provided with hot meals; bedding was offered, a bed was allocated in a room with sanitary and hygienic conditions that correspond to the standards for these institutions; you will have free access to printed materials of various kinds, as well as to board games appropriate for your age group.
- Social and medical services: you will be provided with both medical and psychological assistance within the boundaries of your needs; including you can count on sanitary and hygienic services, various types of health and rehabilitation procedures.
- Semi-stationary social services for the disabled provide, in particular, medical rehabilitation manipulations in accordance with the "Individual Program for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled". This assistance can hardly be overestimated, since not every citizen with a disability can afford daily rehabilitation activities at the medical institutions especially considering their remoteness.
- As part of the semi-residential social service for the elderly and disabled, it is provided not only to increase your educational level, but also to receive new profession. You will be able to gain practical skills in your chosen profession, and with the help of psychological support it will be easier for you to gain confidence in new circumstances and in your new status.
- Beneficiaries of social services generally need legal assistance. And legal advice is provided to them free of charge.
As you can see, the organization of semi-residential social services provides for all types of necessary assistance, both for the elderly and for people with disabilities to constructively change the quality of their lives. And the time frame provided for staying in this institution is quite enough for the effect of being to be maximum. The main thing is to understand why you are here.
Rights and obligations
So, in order for a citizen to become a recipient of social services for a certain period, an "Individual program for the provision of social services" is filled out, which spells out the procedure for providing semi-stationary social services.
See the list of services above. Of these, you can choose those that are needed, their number per week, clarify the conditions and terms of their provision. In this document, you will be able to see a list of all social service providers available in your area of residence.
After the final review of this document, a person puts his signature, which will confirm his agreement with the conditions that are prescribed in the Program.
However, you need to know that if you want to change the number or terms of the social services you have chosen, you can always do this.
However, the provider of social services is not entitled to change the procedure for semi-stationary social services and the types of services.
Home delivery
Branches of comprehensive social service centers can provide social services "with home delivery" to needy citizens.
Semi-stationary social services at home are provided to recipients of social services either for a certain period of time (up to half a year) or indefinitely.
Peculiarities:
- This type of service can be chosen by those pensioners or people with disabilities who need outside help only in some areas, but in general they cope well with household chores. Such recipients of social services may have certain difficulties with self-care, so they, in need of the help of social workers and social work specialists, choose a set general services(complex).
- Also, social and medical services can be provided at home, provided that there is a social and medical department as part of an integrated center for social services for the population. This is due to the fact that individuals old age and disabled people who need this type of service may have diseases that require it Social worker from medical education. These are diseases such as: mental disorders, but in remission; tuberculosis in a closed form; oncology in the last stage.
- The legislation provides for circumstances and diseases in which the provision of social and medical services is impossible. A document confirming the presence of this disease is signed by a representative of the social protection department and the VKK of the medical institution.
As for other social services provided at home, they are listed above in the chapter "How you can get help". However, the presence or absence of staffing a comprehensive center for social services for professionals competent in these areas.
Stationary social services are carried out in stationary institutions (boarding houses for the elderly and disabled, boarding schools for the disabled, neuropsychiatric boarding schools, etc.)
Elderly citizens and disabled people who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and who, for health reasons, are in need of constant outside care and supervision, are sent to these institutions. In addition, a network of specialized institutions for disabled children has been established.
In recent years, nursing homes have become widespread, the content of which is on a paid basis at the expense of the elderly themselves or the enterprises in which they worked.
Citizens of retirement age (women from 55 years old, men from 60 years old), as well as disabled people of groups I and II over 18 years old, are admitted to boarding schools, provided that they do not have able-bodied children or parents legally obliged to support them.
Boarding houses for the disabled accept only disabled people of groups I and II aged 18 to 40 who do not have able-bodied children and parents who are legally required to support them.
The psycho-neurological boarding school accepts persons suffering from chronic mental illness, who need care, personal services and medical care, regardless of whether they have relatives who are required by law to support them or not.
In stationary institutions, not only care and necessary medical care are carried out, but also rehabilitation measures of a medical, social and medical-labor nature.
Elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary social service institutions are provided with:
1. material domestic services(provision of living space, organization rehabilitation activities, medical labor activity, cultural consumer services);
2. services for catering, everyday life, leisure (hot meals, including dietary meals, provision of clothes, shoes, bedding, creation of conditions for religious rites, etc.);
3. socio-medical and sanitary-hygienic services (free medical care, care provision, assistance in medical and social examination, rehabilitation measures, assistance in hospitalization, assistance in prosthetics, provision of sanitary and hygienic conditions in the premises);
4. organizing education for disabled people, taking into account their physical abilities and mental abilities;
5. services related to social and labor rehabilitation (creation of conditions for the use of residual labor opportunities);
6. legal services;
7. assistance in organizing funeral services.
Citizens living in stationary social service institutions also have the right to exemption from punishment. Any punishment of elderly and disabled citizens or the creation of amenities for the personnel of these institutions, the use of medicines, means of physical restraint, as well as the isolation of elderly citizens and disabled people are not allowed. The law provides for disciplinary administrative or criminal liability for persons guilty of violating this rule.
An application for admission to a boarding house, along with a medical card, is submitted to a higher-level organization social security, which issues a ticket to the boarding house. If a person is incompetent, then his placement in a stationary institution is carried out on the basis of a written application of his legal representative.
If necessary, with the permission of the director of the boarding house, a pensioner or a disabled person may temporarily leave the social service institution for a period of up to one month. A temporary exit permit is issued taking into account the opinion of a doctor, as well as a written obligation of relatives or other persons to provide care for an elderly or disabled person.
The law provides for the right of citizens who are in stationary social service institutions to refuse the services of these institutions, but on condition that they have relatives who can support them and provide the necessary care.
Persons who are in boarding homes for the elderly and disabled of a general type, systematically and grossly violating the rules of internal order, may be transferred to special boarding homes (special departments) by a court decision made on the basis of a recommendation from the administration of these institutions. They are created mainly for the elderly and disabled, previously convicted or repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for violating public order, engaged in vagrancy and begging, sent from the institutions of the internal affairs bodies. In addition, they also send citizens in need of constant care, from among the most dangerous recidivists released from places of deprivation of liberty, and other persons who are under administrative supervision.
For persons without a fixed place of residence among the elderly and disabled, specialized institutions (social shelters, social hotels, centers for social adaptation, etc.) are created, in which a temporary place of residence is provided (including medical care, food, accommodation) and measures are taken for social adaptation persons who have lost socially useful connections (primarily persons released from places of deprivation of liberty) to the conditions of life in society.
Social service institutions provide assistance not only to elderly citizens and the disabled, but also to orphans, and are also actively working to solve the problems of child neglect, the prevention of delinquency among adolescents of "social orphanhood", and social assistance to people without a fixed place of residence.
Children from 4 to 18 years old with anomalies of mental or physical development are admitted to the orphanage. At the same time, it is not allowed to place disabled children with physical disabilities in stationary institutions intended for children with mental disorders.
One of the varieties of social services for the disabled and the elderly are semi-hospital centers created in municipal centers of social services or under the bodies of social protection of the population.
In departments of day (night) stay, social, medical and cultural services are provided for elderly citizens and the disabled.
Semi-stationary social services are provided for the elderly and disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement and have no medical contraindications for enrollment in such social services, as well as children in difficult life situations.
These institutions are the following types services:
1 organization of food, life and leisure (providing hot meals, providing bedding providing books, magazines, newspapers);
2 social and medical services (assistance in obtaining medical and psychological assistance, provision of sanitary and hygienic services, organization of medical and recreational activities, assistance in conducting rehabilitation programs for the disabled, assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium treatment, assistance in prosthetics, etc.) d.);
3 assistance in obtaining education and vocational training;
4 assistance in finding employment;
5 assistance in organizing legal services;
6 assistance in organizing funeral services.
For persons without a fixed place of residence and employment in the system of social protection bodies, special institutions of a semi-stationary type are created - night stays, social shelters, social hotels, centers of social adaptation. These institutions provide:
2 coupons for one-time (once a day) free meals;
3 first aid;
4 personal hygiene items, sanitization;
6 assistance in providing prosthetics;
7 registration in a boarding house;
8 assistance in registration and recalculation of pensions;
9 assistance in employment, in the preparation of identity documents;
10 assistance in obtaining an insurance medical policy;
11 provision of comprehensive assistance (consultations on legal will dews, personal services, etc.).
Semi-stationary social services include social, medical and cultural support for disabled people, organizing their meals, recreation, ensuring their participation in feasible work activities and maintaining their active lifestyle. This form of social service contributes to the rehabilitation of disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement, and who do not have medical contraindications for enrollment.
According to the national standard Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007 semi-stationary social service institutions include: a social rehabilitation center for the elderly and disabled; day care center for the elderly and disabled. Let us dwell in more detail on the characteristics of their activities. The Social Rehabilitation Center for the Elderly and Disabled Citizens is created to carry out health and social rehabilitation activities with disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service or have partially lost it. In the conditions of the social rehabilitation center, the initial reception of disabled people and accommodation are organized taking into account their age, gender, health status, existing diseases, ability to self-service; provide them with the social services they need.
Unlike the previous institution, the day care center for the elderly and disabled organizes its work for disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement. The main tasks in the implementation of semi-stationary social services for disabled people in the center are: providing them with social and cultural services, providing them with medical care, catering and recreation, maintaining an active lifestyle for disabled people.
Urgent social services are carried out in order to provide urgent, emergency assistance of a one-time nature to disabled people who are in dire need of social support, and include the following social services: one-time provision of free hot meals or food packages; clothes, shoes and other essentials; one-time financial assistance. Social work specialists assist persons with disabilities in obtaining temporary housing; organize legal assistance in order to protect the rights of persons served and emergency medical and psychological assistance with the involvement of psychologists and clergy for this work and the allocation of additional telephone numbers for these purposes. In emergency social service departments there is a rental of specialized equipment for the disabled and devices for caring for the seriously ill. In accordance with the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007, emergency assistance to the disabled is provided in the urgent social service center. In the complex center of social services for the population, there is a department of urgent social services, in which the work of an apartment repair service for citizens with disabilities can be organized, a rental office has been opened technical means rehabilitation for the disabled, etc.
Rehabilitation aids (crutches, walkers, canes, wheelchairs, etc.) are provided to clients in accordance with the developed tariffs, and low-income citizens with disabilities use the rental free of charge.
The complex social service institutions designed to provide assistance to families, the disabled and other categories of clients who find themselves in a difficult life situation include a comprehensive social service center for the population. The center may include: structural units providing social services to citizens with disabilities: consulting department, rehabilitation of children with mental and physical disabilities, home care, day care for the elderly and disabled, etc.
For example, in public institution"Integrated Center for Social Services to the Population", Znamensk, Astrakhan region a school for parents of disabled children "Help your child" was opened. Specialists conduct workshops, seminars, where fathers, mothers, grandparents learn how to organize a game and learning activities child with disabilities. Children and parents jointly spend their leisure time in the rehabilitation department of the complex center for social services for the population, namely, they participate in sports relay races, show master classes in arts and crafts, and regularly organize exhibitions children's creativity and family craftsmanship.
Coordinating activities for the provision of social services to persons with disabilities are carried out by the Center for Social Services for the Elderly and the Disabled. The structure of this institution includes the following departments: social services at home, day care, social rehabilitation, emergency social services, social canteen, specialized department of social and medical services.
One of the main forms of social services aimed at extending the stay of disabled people in their familiar social environment (family, neighbors, etc.) and in order to maintain their social status is social services at home. According to the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007, social service institutions for people with disabilities at home include: a center for social services at home for the elderly and disabled and a specialized center for social and medical care for the elderly and disabled at home. Home-based social services provided to persons with disabilities include: organizing their meals, including home delivery of groceries; assistance in the acquisition of medicines, food and industrial essential goods. A social worker assists in obtaining medical care for a disabled person, including accompanying him to medical institutions. Specialists of social service institutions for the disabled at home contribute to maintaining the living conditions of the client in accordance with hygienic requirements, assist in organizing for citizens with disabilities legal assistance and other legal services. Social services for disabled people at home can be carried out by one social worker, a social worker and nurse, as well as a team of specialists, which includes a psychologist, a lawyer, a hairdresser, a repair specialist household appliances, social worker, etc.
Specialists of social service departments at home organize charity events aimed at involving high school students in helping disabled people. Schoolchildren visit a citizen with disabilities at home, congratulate him on his birthday, perform all possible assistance in improving the client's life (wash dishes, take out the trash, etc.).
In the practice of social service departments at home, there is cooperation with the Russian Orthodox Church. Representatives of the church, at the request of clients, visit them at home, talk with the disabled, and provide them with psychological assistance.
In order to more effectively provide social services to people with disabilities at the place of residence, social service institutions cooperate with territorial public self-government. Territorial public self-government (TPS) is the self-organization of citizens at their place of residence on a part of the city territory for the independent and responsible implementation of initiatives on issues of local importance. This association is a form of implementation by the population local government in the city and is designed to promote the realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens, their independence in resolving issues of city development.
The main forms of social work with disabled people at the place of residence are: targeted material assistance, organization of club associations for the disabled, holding holidays for the disabled, free legal consultations for citizens with disabilities, holding sports events among disabled people of various age groups, etc.
Within the framework of public self-government, social-consultative points of assistance to the disabled are being opened (Blagoveshchensk). This form of social work at the place of residence contributes to the development of a system of social services for the disabled. Social advisory centers are territorially close to the population, which makes it possible to ensure the real availability of social services to all those in need. Club associations have been created and operate here to organize leisure and employment of the disabled. Specialists of social advisory centers provide citizens with disabilities at the place of residence not only targeted social support (shoes, clothes, money), but also legal services, help them get a job, organize their rest.
Thus, the main forms of social services for disabled people include semi-stationary, urgent social services, and social services at home. This makes it possible for a disabled person to preserve his usual living conditions (his home, comfort, friends and acquaintances), to extend his ability to be a more independent, independent and active member of society. One of the new forms of social work with people with disabilities at the place of residence is the implementation in territorial public self-governments of advising citizens with disabilities, where they are helped to organize their leisure time with the help of interest clubs, they invite lawyers, psychologists to provide the necessary information.
Questions for self-control
1. List the main forms of social services for the disabled.
2. Describe the semi-stationary form of social services for the disabled.
3. Expand the features of social work with people with disabilities at the place of residence.
National standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007. Social service of the population. Types of social service institutions for the elderly and disabled. // Social service. - 2009. - No. 2
Nikonov L.S., Chetverikov M.N. Targeted social protection: Experience municipalities- M., 2003.
Kholostova E.I. Social work with the disabled: Tutorial. - 3rd ed. - M., 2009.
Day (night) stay departments are a form of semi-stationary social service and play an important role in providing effective social support elderly people. They are created on the basis of municipal centers of social services or under the bodies of social protection of the population.
Day care departments are designed for household, medical, cultural services for the elderly, organizing their recreation, engaging in feasible work, and maintaining an active lifestyle.
Branches are created to serve at least 30 people. They include elderly and disabled people who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement. The decision on enrollment is made by the head of the social service institution on the basis of a personal written application of an elderly citizen or a disabled person and a certificate from a health care institution on his state of health.
The day care department provides the following services:
organization of food, life and leisure (providing hot meals, providing books, magazines, newspapers);
social and medical services (assistance in obtaining medical and psychological assistance, provision of sanitary and hygienic services, organization of medical and recreational activities, assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium treatment);
assistance in organizing legal services;
assistance in organizing funeral services.
The emerging trend of reducing the services of inpatient institutions is associated with an increase in the provision of outpatient care to the disabled and the elderly living in ordinary home conditions by non-stationary social service institutions. The latter are represented by departments of social assistance at home (including at boarding schools, territorial centers, departments of social protection), territorial centers of social services and territorial social assistance services (as a rule, on the basis of territorial centers and departments of social assistance at home under rai (mountain) departments (departments) of social protection of the population).
Departments of social assistance at home provide the minimum required range of services for the delivery of food, medicine, firewood (coal), payment of housing and communal and other expenses.
IN Lately this organizational form is complemented by another, caused by the transition to a market economy, when a significant part of the elderly and disabled found themselves on the verge of poverty, having lost their livelihood, in an extreme life situation. This is an emergency social assistance service. The main types of services of the emergency social assistance service include: providing food, medicines, clothing, temporary housing, providing emergency psychological assistance, assistance in identifying disabled people in boarding schools and hospitals, providing services of hairdressers, repairmen of electrical household appliances, active cooperation with government, public, religious organizations, charitable foundations, the media, authorities government controlled and other institutions to take measures to resolve acute life situations.
The need for the functioning of urgent social assistance services is undeniable, as they develop and supplement the services of social assistance departments at home and, most importantly, allow disabled people who are beyond the poverty line to maintain their existence.
The semi-stationary forms of social services include territorial centers, the advantage of which is the possibility of combining medical and social services for the disabled. Territorial social service centers also make it possible to organize meals, create conditions for communication between the disabled and the elderly. The latter is an important factor for maintaining the moral tone of people living outside the family.
Initially, the creation of territorial centers was envisaged mainly together with inpatient departments, where conditions were created for a temporary stay (5-10 days) of JOBs in fairly comfortable conditions and preventive treatment (physiotherapy, phototherapy, massage, psychological relief). However, the creation of territorial centers with stationary services requires additional conditions and, accordingly, more significant costs, for which the local social protection authorities do not always have the necessary financial resources.
Territorial social service centers have large reserves to meet the needs of the disabled. According to the management of the centers, more than 5% of those served are ready to pay for additional (in addition to those provided free of charge) services. But only a few territorial centers and departments of social assistance provide paid services at the request of disabled people, and the range of services as a whole is limited to the general set: cooking, washing dishes, delivering linen to the laundry, washing clothes at home, providing bath services, cleaning the apartment, washing windows, buying food, medicines, manufactured goods, walking the dog, etc. .d.
The semi-residential form of social service in Volgograd is represented by: the Day Care Center for Pensioners and the Disabled, the Center for Social Assistance to Families Raising Children of the Disabled in the Dzerzhinsky District, and the City Center for Social Assistance in the Kirovsky District.
The Day Center for Pensioners and Disabled Persons, designed for 30 places, is intended for social, medical, cultural services for pensioners and disabled people, organizing their meals, recreation, maintaining an active lifestyle, and attracting them to work. The Center accepts elderly citizens for service: men from 60 years old, women - from 55 years old, disabled people of groups I and II for a period of two weeks, who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement.
The Center for Social Assistance to Families Raising Disabled Children of the Dzerzhinsky District was established in 1995. The purpose of the Center is to promote the realization of the right of families and children to protection and assistance from the state, to promote the development and strengthening of the family as social institution, improving socio-economic living conditions, indicators of social health and well-being of the family and children, humanizing the relationship of the family with society and the state, establishing harmonious intra-family relations: organizing communication and leisure for children: teaching self-service skills, household adaptation, providing advisory assistance.
The City Center for Social Assistance in the Kirovsky District was created in order to protect people who find themselves in extreme conditions without a fixed place of residence and occupation, in a crisis life situation and the implementation of rehabilitation measures.
In the issue of developing the principles of the ratio of paid and free services, it is necessary to approach targeted and individually. Meeting the specific needs of the client for a moderate fee should be in addition to meeting his general needs free of charge. The rationale for this approach is confirmed by the experience of foreign social service systems, in particular Finland, where they strive to provide the client with such services that promote (stimulate) his independence and serve as a prerequisite for a good moral and psychological state.
In order to further improve the system of social services and in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Social Protection of Russia dated 20.07.93. social service centers are being created, which are institutions of social protection of the population, carrying out organizational and practical activities to provide various kinds social assistance to the elderly, the disabled and other groups of the population in need of social support. The structure of the center provides for various divisions of social services, including the day care department for the elderly and disabled, social assistance at home, urgent social assistance services and others.
To the main tasks of the social service center in joint activities with government and public organizations(health, education, migration services, committees of the Red Cross Society, veterans' organizations, societies of the disabled, etc.) include:
- - identification of the elderly, disabled and other persons in need of social support;
- - determination of specific types and forms of assistance to persons in need of social support;
- - differentiated accounting of all persons in need of social support, depending on the types and forms of the required, the frequency of its provision;
- - provision of social services of a one-time or permanent nature to persons in need of social support;
- - analysis of the level of social services for the population of the city, district, development long-term plans development of this sphere of social support for the population, introduction into practice of new types and forms of assistance, depending on the nature of the needs of citizens and local conditions;
- - involvement of various state and non-state structures in solving the issues of providing social and household assistance to needy segments of the population and coordinating their activities in this direction.
- d) Stationary social services are aimed at providing comprehensive social assistance to persons in need of constant care and supervision due to health reasons. The state stationary institutions of social and consumer services include boarding houses for the elderly and disabled, the regulation of which was approved by order of the Ministry of Social Affairs of the RSFSR dated December 27, 1978. In accordance with this order, a boarding house is a medical and social institution intended for permanent residence of the elderly and disabled who need care, household and medical services. In the boarding house for the implementation of medical and labor and activating therapy, medical and production (labor) workshops are created, and in the boarding house located in countryside in addition - a subsidiary farm with the necessary inventory, equipment and transport.
Other institutions of this type also include a psycho-neurological boarding school, defined as a medical and social institution intended for permanent residence of the elderly and disabled, suffering from chronic mental illness and in need of care, household and medical care.
Residential institutions for the elderly accept citizens of retirement age who do not have able-bodied children who are required by law to support them. As a matter of priority, invalids and participants of the Great Patriotic War, family members of fallen military personnel, as well as deceased invalids and participants in the war are admitted to boarding schools.
One of the indispensable conditions for admission is voluntariness, therefore, paperwork is carried out only if a citizen has a written application. An application for admission to a boarding house with a medical card is submitted to a higher social security organization, which issues a ticket to the boarding house. If a person is incompetent, then his placement in a stationary institution is carried out on the basis of a written application of his legal representative. The law provides for the right of citizens who are in stationary social service institutions to refuse services, but on condition that they have relatives who can support them and provide the necessary care.
Persons who are in boarding houses of a general type, systematically and grossly violating the rules of internal order in them, may be transferred to special boarding houses by a court decision made on the basis of a recommendation from the administration. They are created mainly for the elderly and disabled with previous convictions, vagrants, sent from institutions of the internal affairs bodies and other persons who are subject to administrative supervision in the manner established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 1995 “On the development of a network of specialized boarding houses for the elderly and the disabled."
The functioning of boarding schools as one of the main forms of social services for the elderly is associated with a number of serious problems. Among them: the degree of satisfaction of needs in boarding schools, the quality of service in them, the creation of accompanying conditions for living, etc. people are increasingly willing to live in their familiar home environment. The stationary form of social services is represented in Volgograd by the Traktorozavodsk Center for Social Services for Pensioners and the Disabled. The department with a hospital is intended for medical, cultural, consumer services, involvement in feasible work activities, and maintaining an active lifestyle.
Currently, inpatient institutions are mostly people who have completely lost the ability to move and require constant care, as well as those who do not have housing. An alternative to boarding schools in the near future may be special residential buildings for the elderly ( exemplary position on a special home for lonely elderly people, approved by the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population on April 7, 1994), which, despite some shortcomings, still have a number of important advantages.
Today, a significant part of social service centers are multidisciplinary institutions capable of providing the elderly and disabled with a variety of types and forms of services, including social and medical, social and commercial services. The priority direction is the development of models of non-stationary social services (social service centers, departments of social assistance at home), which allow the elderly to stay in their usual environment as long as possible, maintain their personal and social status.
Thus, the main technologies at present are state technologies for the social protection of the elderly - pensions, social services, social assistance. However, the priority direction of social work with the elderly is the organization of the living environment of aging people, carried out in such a way that the elderly person always has the opportunity to choose how to interact with this environment, because. older people are not an object of activity of various social services, but a decision-making subject. Freedom of choice gives rise to a sense of security, confidence in tomorrow. Hence the need for alternative technologies of social work with the elderly. Among which are charitable assistance, club work, self-help and mutual aid groups.
The main tasks of a specialist in working with the elderly:
identification and registration of lonely elderly and disabled citizens in need of home care;
establishing and maintaining contact with labor collective where war and labor veterans and disabled people worked;
establishing contacts with committees of the Red Cross Society, Councils of War and Labor Veterans, public organizations, foundations.
elderly social services
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