semi-stationary social service is used for such elderly and disabled citizens who are able to serve themselves and can actively move around. They must not have medical contraindications for enrollment in such social services. This group also includes children who find themselves in a difficult life situation.
The implementation of semi-stationary social services is carried out by semi-stationary organizations (enterprises, institutions) of social care or departments of stay, both at night and during the day. They are formed in public social service centers and are used to assist in carrying out activities in the field of social adaptation to the living conditions in the society of social service clients who have lost their socially useful connections.
Remark 1
Semi-stationary social service consists of medical care, social and cultural services. It is received by the disabled and the elderly.
In the institutions in question, services can be provided for:
- catering, everyday life and leisure (for example, providing hot food and drink, issuing bed linen, providing newspapers, books, magazines, etc.);
- social medical services (for example, obtaining medical psychological assistance, sanitary and hygiene services, medical and recreational activities, rehabilitation activities for the disabled, assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium, resort treatment, assistance in prosthetics, etc.);
- education and training;
- employment assistance;
- provision of legal services;
- assistance for the organization of funeral services.
Features of semi-stationary service
For people without an appropriate place of residence and occupation, special semi-permanent institutions can be created, including an overnight stay, a hotel or shelter, a social adaptation center. In such organizations, overnight services, first aid, the provision of personal hygiene and sanitation, one-time free meals, consultations on household appliances and employment, assistance in preparing documentation proving the identity of a person, determination in stationary institutions that provide social services can be provided. .
Remark 2
For persons who are released from places of deprivation of liberty and who need social adaptation, in addition to the services discussed above, assistance can be provided in the field of restoring lost social ties with the family, housing rights, etc.
Social services at home
Social services at home can be one of the main forms of social services. Such services are aimed at maximizing the stay of the elderly and disabled in the usual conditions of the social environment to support their social status, including the protection of the legitimate interests and rights of such persons.
In the number of guaranteed home workers social services Services can be enabled for:
- catering, including home delivery of food;
- assistance in buying medicines, food, essential goods;
- assistance in obtaining medical care, including the process of escort to medical institutions;
- maintaining living conditions that meet the requirements of hygiene;
- assistance in organizing legal assistance and services in the field of law;
- assistance in organizing ritual services, funerals;
- other social services of a domestic nature.
In the course of servicing the elderly and disabled people who live in residential premises that are not endowed with central heating (water supply), home social services may include assistance in providing water and fuel.
Remark 3
Social health care at home is provided for those in need of home social services. These can be elderly people and people with disabilities who suffer from mental disorders (at the stage of remission), tuberculosis (excluding its active form), serious diseases (including oncology) in the late stages.
For elderly (elderly) and disabled people who are bacterial or virus carriers, or with their chronic alcoholism, quarantine in case of an infectious disease, active tuberculosis, severe mental disorder, sexually transmitted and other diseases that require treatment in special healthcare organizations, home social services and social health services may be denied.
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TO MINOR RECIPIENTS OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN A SEMI-STATE FORM OF SOCIAL SERVICES
1.1. Social services in a semi-stationary form are provided to minors who are recognized as in need of social services due to the presence of the following circumstances that worsen or may worsen their living conditions:
a) the child (including those under guardianship, guardianship) has difficulties in social adaptation;
b) the presence of problems associated with socialization among graduates of organizations for orphans and children left without parental care, as well as minors released from institutions of the penitentiary system Federal Service the execution of sentences and those who returned from special educational institutions of a closed type;
c) the presence of an intra-family conflict, including with persons with drug or alcohol addiction, persons addicted to gambling, persons suffering from mental disorders, the presence of domestic violence;
d) the presence of post-traumatic disorders, including psychological trauma resulting from experienced emergency situations, armed interethnic (interethnic) conflicts and (or) the presence of suicidal intent;
e) committing an offense or a crime by a minor;
f) violation of the rights and legitimate interests of minors, including cruel treatment and violence against a minor;
g) the presence of circumstances that cause the risk of leaving the child without care by a parent or other legal representative, as well as the risk of artificial termination of pregnancy by a woman not for medical reasons;
h) the minor has the legal status of an orphan child, a child left without parental care, or a citizen has the status of a person from among orphans, children left without parental care.
1.2. Social services in a semi-stationary form are provided by the Department of Day Care for Minors and Social Rehabilitation of the Disabled.
2.1. An application for the provision of social services is submitted by a citizen or his representative
2.2. The following documents must be attached to the application for the provision of social services:
a) a copy of a passport or other document proving the identity of a citizen (if any);
b) a copy of a passport or other document proving the identity of a representative of a citizen, if his representative applies for a service in the interests of a citizen;
c) a copy of the document confirming the authority of the citizen's representative, if the citizen's representative applies for the service in the interests of the citizen;
d) a copy of the conclusion medical organization on the state of health of a citizen on the presence (absence) of medical contraindications for being in a semi-stationary organization, specified in clause 4.2 of section 4;
e) a document of a medical organization on the placement of a parent (legal representative) of a minor for treatment (rehabilitation) (if any);
f) the petition of an official of the body or institution of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency, including based on the conclusion of a psychologist (if any);
g) decision of the person conducting the inquiry, investigator, prosecutor or judge in case of detention, arrest or conviction of the parents or legal representatives of the minor (if any).
3.1. Social services in the semi-stationary form of social services specified in the Law of the Tyumen Region dated 02.12.2014 No. 108 “On the list of social services provided by social service providers”, in the volumes determined by the standards of social services, are provided to citizens specified in clause 1.1 of section 1 free of charge .
3.2. Social services rendered in excess of the volumes determined by the standards of social services, as well as additional social services that are not included in the list of social services approved by the Law
PROCEDURE FOR THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN A SEMI-STATIONARY FORM
4.1. Social services in the semi-stationary form of social services are provided to citizens in the absence of medical contraindications specified in clause 4.2 of this section.
4.2. Medical contraindications to the provision of social services in a semi-stationary form are:
a) acute infectious diseases or chronic infectious diseases in the stage of exacerbation, severe course and (or) contagious to others, as well as fever, rash of unclear etiology;
b) severe chronic skin diseases with multiple rashes and profuse discharge;
c) quarantine infectious diseases;
d) chronic and protracted mental disorders with severe persistent or often exacerbated painful manifestations, including those associated with the use of psychoactive substances;
e) complete loss of the ability to self-service and free movement;
f) all diseases requiring inpatient treatment, constant round-the-clock care, chronic diseases in the stage of decompensation (exacerbation).
4.3. If a citizen has medical contraindications, he has the right to re-apply for the provision of social services after undergoing appropriate treatment and re-submitting the documents specified in section 2.
4.4. When contacting a social service provider, a citizen, his representative shall submit the following documents:
a) a personal appeal of a minor or a statement by the parents of a minor (legal representatives), taking into account the opinion of a minor who has reached the age of 10, except in cases where taking into account the opinion of a minor is contrary to his interests, or a statement by a body or an official of a body or institution of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency ;
b) an individual program for the provision of social services;
c) birth certificate (in its absence - the conclusion of a medical examination certifying the age of the minor), passport or other document proving the identity of the minor (for citizens over 14 years old) (if any);
d) passport or other document proving the identity of parents, legal representatives (if any);
e) a copy of the conclusion of a medical organization on the state of health of a citizen and on the presence (absence) of medical contraindications for being in a semi-stationary organization, specified in clause 4.2 of section 4.
4.4.1. The Office additionally provides the social service provider with copies of the following documents:
a) a petition from an official of a body or institution of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency (if any);
b) the decision of the person conducting the inquiry, the investigator, the prosecutor or the judge in the event of detention, arrest or conviction of the parents or legal representatives of the minor (if any).
4.5. Social services in the semi-residential form of social services in accordance with this subsection are provided for a period of not more than 18 working days (in the amount of not more than three hours a day).
4.6. For the provision of social services in a semi-stationary form of social service, the following groups are formed:
a) in the first half of the day, observing the time interval 08:30-11:30 for:
children who do not attend preschool organizations;
schoolchildren studying from the second shift;
b) in the afternoon, observing the time interval 13:30-16:30 for schoolchildren studying from the first shift.
Throughout the day, groups can be visited by teenagers who are not studying and not having a permanent job, as well as teenagers who receive a secondary professional education working teenagers.
4.7. On the last day of social services in a semi-stationary form, a conclusion is issued to the recipient of social services or his representative on the results of the implementation of an individual program for the provision of social services and recommendations for further work with him and (or) his family. Recommendations on further social support for a minor and his family are also sent to the territorial commission for minors and the protection of their rights.
Rehabilitation of citizens with disabilities
The procedure for providing social services to recipients of social services in the semi-universal form of disabilities, children with disabilities recognized as social services in connection with partial loss of the ability or the ability to carry out self-service, to move independently, to ensure the basic vitality due to the availability of disability, children aged 0 to 3 YEARS OF HEALTH LIMITED OPPORTUNITIES RECOGNIZED BY NEEDING SOCIAL SERVICES DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF A CHILD aged 0 TO 3 YEARS OLD WITH LIMITED HEALTH OPPORTUNITIES.
Social services in a semi-stationary form in accordance with this section are provided:
Disabled children, disabled children recognized as in need of social services due to partial loss of the ability or ability to carry out self-service, move independently, provide for basic life needs due to the presence of a disability.
Children aged 0 to 3 years with disabilities, recognized as in need of social services due to the presence of a child aged 0 to 3 years of age with disabilities.
Social services in a semi-stationary form in accordance with this subsection are provided by centers (complex centers) of social services for the population, social rehabilitation centers for minors, rehabilitation centers for the disabled, centers for social assistance to families and children, and others. legal entities regardless of their organizational and legal form and (or) individual entrepreneurs carrying out activities similar to the activities of these organizations.
LIST OF DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL SERVICES
An application for the provision of social services in accordance with this subsection shall be submitted by a citizen or his representative.
The following documents are attached to the application for the provision of social services:
1) a copy of a passport or other document proving the identity of a citizen;
2) a copy of a passport or other document proving the identity of a representative of a citizen, if his representative applies for a service in the interests of a citizen;
3) a copy of the document confirming the powers of the citizen's representative, if the citizen's representative applies for the service in the interests of the citizen;
4) a copy of the conclusion of a medical organization on the state of health of a citizen and on the presence (absence) of medical contraindications for social services in a semi-stationary form.
5) a copy of the birth certificate
6) a copy of a certificate of disability indicating the group of disability (if there is a disability);
7) a copy of the individual program of rehabilitation or habilitation (if there is a disability).
RULES FOR THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL SERVICES FOR FREE OR FOR A PAY OR PARTIAL PAY
Social services in the semi-stationary form of social services specified in the Law of the Tyumen Region dated December 2, 2014 No. 108 “On the list of social services provided by social service providers” are provided free of charge.
Social services provided in excess of the volumes determined by the standards of social services, as well as additional social services that are not included in the list of social services approved by the Law of the Tyumen Region of 02.12.2014 No. 108 "On the list of social services provided by social service providers" are provided on the terms payment in the amount of 100 percent of the established tariffs in accordance with the agreement on the provision of social services.
PROCEDURE FOR THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN SEMI-STATIONARY FORM
Social services in the semi-stationary form of social services are provided to citizens, in the absence of medical contraindications.
Medical contraindications to the provision of social services in a semi-stationary form in accordance with this subsection are:
1) acute infectious diseases or chronic infectious diseases in the stage of exacerbation, severe course and (or) contagious to others, as well as fever, rash of unclear etiology;
2) tuberculosis of any organs and systems with bacterial excretion, confirmed by the method of sowing;
3) severe chronic skin diseases with multiple rashes and profuse discharge;
4) chronic and protracted mental disorders with severe persistent or often exacerbated painful manifestations, including those associated with the use of psychoactive substances;
5) chronic alcoholism, drug addiction;
6) complete loss of the ability to self-service and free movement;
7) all diseases requiring inpatient treatment, constant round-the-clock care, chronic diseases in the stage of decompensation (exacerbation).
If a citizen has medical contraindications, he has the right to re-apply for the provision of social services in accordance with this subsection after undergoing appropriate treatment and re-submitting documents.
When contacting a social service provider, a citizen, his representative shall submit the following documents:
1) an individual program for the provision of social services;
2) a passport or other document proving the identity of a citizen or a birth certificate of a child;
3) the conclusion of a medical organization on the state of health of a citizen and on the presence (absence) of medical contraindications for social services in a semi-stationary form.
So social services. Let's figure out what this concept includes. As a rule, mutually beneficial relationships arise when the existing demand for certain goods or services meets with a proposal that fully satisfies those who somehow realized and formulated a certain need. This is how relations are built in all spheres, including social ones. Note that the demand for social services arises among the most vulnerable people: the elderly, the disabled and children from disadvantaged families. Let us consider in detail one of the types of social relationships - semi-stationary social services.
Parties to the relationship
Any contractual relationship involves at least two parties who agree on rights and obligations in relation to each other.
In the Russian Federation, the right to social services, including semi-stationary social services, can be used by both citizens of the Russian Federation and foreigners, as well as persons without citizenship, but registered with a permanent place of residence in Russia. And this is one side.
On the other side are those bodies and organizations whose field of activity is the provision of necessary services. We present them in descending order of authority:
- organ executive power federal level: its function is legislative;
- state bodies of regional significance: their function is executive and controlling the social sphere of the region;
- social service institutions accountable to executive authorities of the federal level;
- social service institutions accountable government bodies regional significance;
- institutions providing social services on a non-state basis: both commercial and non-commercial;
- private entrepreneurs providing social services to the population.
Basic principles
All bodies and institutions related to social sphere, including the provision of stationary and semi-stationary social services, are guided in their work by certain principles.
We list the main ones:
1. Humane treatment of persons on inpatient service, including:
- a ban on the use of any medication in relation to them with the aim of influencing behavior;
- the inadmissibility of the use of force or isolation of a coercive nature.
Identification of the listed actions on the part of the personnel of institutions entails administrative and criminal liability.
2. Social services are provided to persons in need of them exclusively on a voluntary basis. If desired, a person receiving social services can refuse them at any time.
3. All details of a confidential nature, as well as personal data of the person who applied for the provision of social services, which became known to social specialists, are not subject to disclosure. Responsibility for violation of this principle is also provided for by law.
4. Any citizen in need of social services should be able to receive it. The entire set of established social services should be available to anyone who needs them.
5. Bodies of social protection of the population carry out systematic work aimed at creating and replenishing a database of persons who, due to life circumstances, need social support. Lists of such people are also provided educational institutions, DMIA, medical institutions.
Payment for services
Social services are provided by organizations whose functions include stationary and semi-stationary social services to the population, both on a gratuitous and paid basis. The amount of partial or full payment is established by the executive authorities of the federal level of the Russian Federation. The list of services provided is compiled on the basis of the demand of those categories of the population to whom these services are provided. Services provided free of charge are financed from the regional budget.
The quality of social services, as well as their regularity, are determined state standard.
The state is interested both in maintaining the usual quality of life and in its improvement for those categories of the population that are recognized as in need of social services.
Definition of social service
The concept of social service refers exclusively to the social sphere. This is an activity carried out continuously, periodically or once in order to improve the quality of life of the person who applied for help.
There are three types of social assistance, we list them:
1. Stationary, i.e. on the permanent basis: includes accommodation elderly citizens and disabled people in boarding schools, as well as living together with the educational process for children in boarding schools.
2. Semi-stationary, i.e. with limited stay:
- stay in institutions of day and night residence - for the elderly and disabled;
- for minors who have lost their parents or removed from dysfunctional families - accommodation in children's centers.
3. Home service: both on a regular basis and on a one-time basis.
Thus, semi-stationary social service institutions are considered to be those institutions in which stay for needy categories of the population is limited to a certain period established by law.
List of social services
Social services can be provided to certain categories of the population on a long-term and regular basis or once.
It should be noted that the provision of social services for a long period is provided mainly for stationary and semi-stationary forms of social services. A citizen, being in a social institution, receives the following services on a regular basis:
- Social and domestic, providing a standard level of domestic comfort.
- Socio-medical, providing medical checkup, medical treatment, including physiotherapy exercises and, if necessary, the implementation of medical manipulations.
- Socio-psychological, aimed at stabilizing the psychological state of the recipient of social services, his socialization. If necessary, anonymous psychological work through a helpline.
- Socio-pedagogical - provided both taking into account the existing behavioral deviations among the recipients of social services, and for preventive purposes, which requires a revision of the value system and, as a result, the formation of interests that promote development. Pedagogical assistance to parents in the upbringing of children is also provided.
- Social and labor - turn out to be a citizen experiencing difficulties with employment, as well as with the arrangement of life associated with the inclusion of a work schedule in it.
- Social and legal - are provided in order to improve legal literacy to certain categories of the population who need to defend their rights and interests. Providing legal advice may be free, but this does not apply to representing the interests of a citizen in court.
- Services aimed at developing the communication skills of a person with a disability due to the loss of limbs, vision and other organs, intended for full communication.
This also applies to children with disabilities.
Urgent Services
Let's consider a situation where you, as a single or living alone pensioner or disabled person, are faced with a problem for which you need outside help to solve. Your material resources are not great, so you are not able to pay for the necessary services at commercial prices. In this case, information about urgent social assistance may be useful to you. It is provided by emergency social assistance departments under state budget institutions social services for the population. Such institutions exist in all regions of the Russian Federation.
So what can they do for you.
Let's start with the fact that such institutions operate warehouses of free clothes and shoes. These clothes are brought as charity by persons who, for some reason, do not use them. Clothing, both winter and summer, is accepted only in good condition, clean and ironed. Sometimes, as a charity, entrepreneurs bring new clothes and shoes. Also in stock are children's toys, children's furniture, strollers and walkers. However, these items do not stay in stock. Before the new academic year, a large number are deposited school supplies, uniform and briefcases.
- You can receive the necessary clothes, shoes and other items that you need from the above list in the form of free urgent social assistance in the warehouse.
- If for any reason you are in need of temporary housing, you can apply to the Social Welfare Office and receive the opportunity to live in a semi-permanent social service institution.
- At you are having legal difficulties, but you do not have the means to pay for the services of a lawyer. You can get free legal advice in the form of emergency social assistance.
- If you have experienced a high stress situation in your life and you have not been able to overcome it on your own, then you can seek psychological help in the emergency department of social services. This assistance will be provided to you free of charge by the psychologist of the institution, and, if necessary, by a clergyman who interacts with this institution.
- If it is difficult for you to carry out minor cosmetic repairs on your own, then the social workers of the urgent social service departments will help you solve this problem. But these services will be paid. However, the prices for such work are quite budgetary.
- If you are disabled and find it difficult to use services public transport, but there was a need to travel, for example, to the place of treatment, then in social service institutions there is an urgent transport service. It is also paid: you pay the cost of gasoline and the work of the driver.
- Nice appearance should be at any age. But if it is not possible to get to the nearest hairdresser, or its services are expensive, then you can make an application to call the hairdresser of the urgent social department. This service is also paid, however, its price is an order of magnitude lower than commercial.
Note: To receive urgent service, you only need to fill out an application at the Urgent Social Services Office. The provision of semi-stationary social services, as well as stationary, is associated with the procedure for issuing an appropriate package of documents.
Who is eligible?
Not every citizen of the Russian Federation is entitled to the existing range of social services, but only those who have been recognized by a special commission as needing the provision of social services. It is this citizen of the Russian Federation that will be considered the recipient of social services.
Each region of the country has a Ministry of Labor and Social Development, and it is at this level that decisions are made about a citizen's need for social services.
This happens under the following circumstances:
- a citizen cannot or is not able to properly continue to serve himself independently due to illness, age-related changes, injury or recognition of his disability;
- a citizen cannot provide proper permanent care for a disabled child or an adult recognized as disabled - due to the fact that he is forced to work;
- there are children or one child in the family who need socialization, minors can also be wards;
- family members do not have the opportunity to provide both permanent and temporary care for minors, the disabled, children with disabilities, including due to the lack of care for these family members;
- the family includes asocial persons with formed alcohol, drug or gambling addictions, as well as those with mental disabilities or there are signs of family violence;
- a citizen under the age of 23 was left without a permanent place of residence upon leaving the institution for minors left without parents due to the death of the latter or in connection with the deprivation of parents of parental rights;
- the citizen is not employed and deprived of the means of subsistence;
- other circumstances provided for by regional legislation or federal laws.
Main document
So, if a citizen belongs to one of the categories listed above, he has the right to social services, both on a permanent and short-term basis. However, this does not mean that a social service institution can start providing social services to a citizen.
The registration procedure begins with a citizen's application submitted to the territorial institution of social services for the population. After that, representatives of this institution go to the place of residence of the citizen to draw up an act of inspection of the material living conditions, as well as examinations of his physical and mental conditions, which are also reflected in the relevant act.
These documents are the starting point for the formation of the "Individual Program for the Provision of Social Services". This package of documents will also reflect the types of semi-stationary social services, and other clauses of the contract.
It should be remembered that only certain categories of persons can apply for the provision of social services. We have listed them above.
Where is it happening?
Those who apply for the provision of social services on a regular basis should be aware of what will actually be associated with their receipt.
Services of semi-stationary social services are provided by specialists and special workers of the territorial complex centers of social services, at which day and (or) night departments are organized for the needy. These departments are supervised by the bodies of social protection of the population.
You are, of course, mindful of the set time period during which you can be a "resident" of a semi-residential social service department. There is no question of lifelong residence in them.
The provision of semi-residential social services can be both free (for certain types of services) and paid for you. The amount of payment for social services is related to the per capita financing established in each region of the Russian Federation. Per capita financing depends on the amount of the subsistence minimum established in the region of your residence.
What will help you?
As part of the semi-residential social services for the elderly and disabled, you can count on the provision of the following services:
- You will be provided with hot meals; bedding was offered, a bed was allocated in a room with sanitary and hygienic conditions that correspond to the standards for these institutions; you will have free access to a variety of printed materials, as well as board games appropriate for your age group.
- Social medical services: you will be provided with both medical and psychological assistance within the boundaries of your needs; including you can count on sanitary and hygienic services, different kinds health and rehabilitation procedures.
- Semi-stationary social services for the disabled provide, in particular, medical rehabilitation manipulations in accordance with the "Individual Program for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled". This assistance can hardly be overestimated, since not every citizen with a disability can afford daily rehabilitation activities at the medical institutions especially considering their remoteness.
- As part of the semi-residential social service for the elderly and disabled, it is provided not only to increase your educational level, but also to receive new profession. You will be able to gain practical skills in your chosen profession, and with the help of psychological support it will be easier for you to gain confidence in new circumstances and in your new status.
- Beneficiaries of social services generally need legal assistance. And legal advice is provided to them free of charge.
As you can see, the organization of semi-residential social services provides for all types of necessary assistance, both for elderly citizens and people with disabilities, to constructively change the quality of their lives. And the time frame provided for staying in this institution is quite enough for the effect of being to be maximum. The main thing is to understand why you are here.
Rights and obligations
So, in order for a citizen to become a recipient of social services for a certain period, an "Individual program for the provision of social services" is filled out, which spells out the procedure for providing semi-stationary social services.
See the list of services above. Of these, you can choose those that are needed, their number per week, clarify the conditions and terms of their provision. In this document, you will be able to see a list of all social service providers available in your area of residence.
After the final review of this document, a person puts his signature, which will confirm his agreement with the conditions that are prescribed in the Program.
However, you need to know that if you want to change the number or terms of the social services you have chosen, you can always do this.
However, the provider of social services is not entitled to change the procedure for semi-stationary social services and the types of services.
Home delivery
Branches of comprehensive social service centers can provide social services "with home delivery" to needy citizens.
Semi-stationary social services at home are provided to recipients of social services either for a certain period of time (up to half a year) or indefinitely.
Peculiarities:
- This type of service can be chosen by those pensioners or people with disabilities who need outside help only in some areas, but in general they cope well with household chores. Such recipients of social services may have certain difficulties with self-care, so they, in need of the help of social workers and social work specialists, choose a set general services(complex).
- Also, social and medical services can be provided at home, provided that there is a social and medical department as part of an integrated center for social services for the population. This is due to the fact that individuals old age and disabled people who need this type of service may have diseases that require a social worker with medical education. These are diseases such as: mental disorders, but in remission; tuberculosis in a closed form; oncology in the last stage.
- The legislation provides for circumstances and diseases in which the provision of social and medical services is impossible. A document confirming the presence of this disease is signed by a representative of the social protection department and the VKK of the medical institution.
As for other social services provided at home, they are listed above in the chapter "How you can get help". However, one should take into account the presence or absence in the staff list of a comprehensive center for social services of specialists competent in these areas.
Currently, the number of elderly citizens in Russia is 30.5 million people, or 20.7 percent of the total population. There is a steady increase in the proportion of people of retirement age, which will continue in the near future. Over the past forty years, the number of older people has increased by 2.2 times (with the growth of the entire population by 1.25 times). Kiselev S.G. Social services - a contribution to the social well-being of elderly citizens // Worker of the social service, 2004, No. 1 - 2. - p. 17.
The aging of the population occurs simultaneously with the process of a general decline in living standards. For the majority of older people, retirement is a decrease in income by one and a half, two or more times. The inability of older people to satisfy their needs on their own or with the help of relatives should not always be the basis for placement in stationary social service institutions.
Therefore, the predominant development of a network of non-stationary and semi-stationary institutions remains indisputable. Thanks to this, many older people who have retained full or partial ability to self-service have gained access to basic social services, as well as the opportunity for an independent existence in their usual living environment.
Institutions with a non-stationary and semi-stationary form of social service include social service centers, which are leading in the provision of social assistance at the municipal level.
Social services for the elderly and old people are carried out through the department of centers:
Social assistance at home;
Specialized home care unit;
Emergency Department;
Department of day care;
Helpline Service;
Department of Natural Aid and Services;
Social services can be permanent or temporary, depending on the desire of the ward. It can be completely free, partially paid or paid, depending on the income of pensioners.
Women over 55 years of age and men over 60 years of age who need permanent or temporary assistance due to partial or complete loss of the ability to independently satisfy their vital needs have the right to social services.
Semi-stationary institutions of a new type are gerontological centers, where, with a homogeneous age composition, the similarity of the needs and interests of the attendants, it is easier to create a comfortable living environment, maintain a favorable psychological atmosphere, and provide the elderly with medical care and care.
Currently, 10 gerontological and gerontopsychological centers (departments) serve 2.1 thousand people. The number of social service centers in the country is 1744, more than a third of the centers are complex, providing a variety of services to various categories of the population. In the forecast period, it is expected that the network of social service centers will increase annually by at least 50 units.
An analysis of the work of social service institutions shows that there are semi-stationary day care institutions in 931 centers. Each such department serves an average of 570 people per year. Concept social policy in relation to the elderly//Social security, 2006, No. 1.-p. 26.
Analysis of the work of social service institutions
shows that 931 centers have semi-permanent day care units. Each such department serves an average of 570 people per year.
Social support for the elderly in difficult life situations is provided through 1954 departments of emergency social assistance.
The most common is the social service for the elderly at home, which, through 12,654 departments, is used by more than 1.2 million people. Overall, for every 10,000 retirees, home-based services reach approximately 291 people. The concept of social policy in relation to the elderly // Social Security, 2006, No. 1.-p. 26.
About 60 thousand seriously ill elderly and disabled people receive social and medical care at home through 1009 specialized departments every year, while its share in the total mass of home services exceeded 9% and is increasing from year to year.
It is obvious that it is necessary to continue developing the network of non-stationary institutions as more economic and closer to the real needs of the elderly, when everyone has the opportunity to choose for themselves best option social service.
Let us consider in more detail the activities of individual social service centers.
The Department of Social Care at Home was first organized in 1987 and immediately received wide recognition from the old people. Currently, it is one of the main types of social services, main goal which is to maximize the stay of old people in their usual habitat, maintain their personal and social status, protect their rights and legitimate interests.
The main social services indicated at home:
Catering and food delivery at home;
Assistance in the acquisition of medicines, industrial essential goods;
Assistance in obtaining medical care, support in medical institution, polyclinic, hospital;
Maintenance of living conditions in accordance with hygiene requirements;
Organization of various social - household services depending on living conditions in a city or village (payment utilities, electricity, communication services; assistance in providing fuel, etc.);
Assistance in the formation of documents, including for the establishment of guardianship and guardianship;
Placement in stationary social service institutions;
Assistance in the organization of ritual services and the burial of the lonely dead;
In addition to home-based social services provided for by federal and territorial lists of state-guaranteed social services, additional services may be provided to old people on the basis of full or partial payment.
The department is created to serve at least 120 elderly citizens living in urban areas and at least 60 citizens living in countryside or the urban sector that does not have public amenities. Uskova N.I. They will feed, and treat, and put things in order.// Sociology, 2001. No. 5. -p.14
A specialized department of social assistance at home is intended for permanent or temporary (up to 6 months) social and household services and the provision of pre-hospital medical care, at home, to elderly citizens and the disabled who have lost the ability to self-service and suffering from diseases that are a contraindication to being accepted for service department of social assistance at home.
Social services for the elderly are provided by social workers, and medical services are provided by nurses.
The position of a social worker is based on the calculation of the service by one employee of 3 pensioners and disabled people living in rural areas or in the urban private sector that do not have communal amenities, and 10 citizens living in the city.
The departments perform the following tasks:
Identification and registration, together with health authorities and institutions, of citizens in need of specialized home care;
Providing pensioners with qualified care, social and household and pre-hospital medical care at home;
Systematic monitoring of the state of health and carrying out activities aimed at preventing exacerbations of chronic diseases;
Provision of psychological assistance to serviced persons and members of their families;
Teaching relatives practical skills in general patient care;
The welfare services provided by the Special Home Care Unit are basically the same as the care provided by the Home Care Unit. TO additional services relate:
Feeding weakened pensioners;
Provision of sanitary and hygienic assistance to persons served;
Change of underwear and bed linen;
Carrying out medical procedures, etc. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. etc. Basics social work with the elderly: Help social worker. - Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center, 2003. - p.53.
The Emergency Social Assistance Service is designed to provide citizens who are in dire need of social support with one-time emergency assistance aimed at maintaining their livelihoods.
The positions of a social work specialist, social workers, as well as a psychologist and a lawyer are being introduced to the emergency social assistance headquarters.
The Social Urgent Assistance Service provides the following social services:
One-time provision of free hot meals or food packages to those in dire need;
Provision of clothing, footwear and other essentials;
One-time provision of financial assistance;
Assistance in obtaining temporary housing;
Organization of legal assistance in order to protect the rights of persons served;
Organization of emergency medical and psychological assistance;
Referral of citizens to the relevant authorities and services for qualified and complete resolution of their issues;
Other urgent social services. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with the elderly: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center, 2003. - p. 59.
The day care unit is intended for social, medical, cultural services for citizens who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement, organizing their meals and recreation, attracting them to feasible labor activity maintaining an active lifestyle.
The day care unit is semi-permanent, structural unit social service center and is created to serve at least 15 people.
The duration of service by the day care department is set based on the order of citizens for service, but not less than 2 weeks.
The day care department, in accordance with the list of state-guaranteed social services, provides social, medical, legal, catering, household and leisure services, as well as assists persons with disabilities in obtaining education or a profession in accordance with their physical capabilities and mental abilities. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with the elderly: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center, 2003. - p. 64.
The day care department is a kind of leisure center for the elderly, regardless of whether they live in families or are single.
The main objective of the activity is to help older people overcome loneliness, a secluded lifestyle, fill their existence with new meaning, form an active lifestyle, partially lost due to retirement.
V Lately in many departments of day care, new methods of social work and rehabilitation of the elderly are actively practiced.
The branch of natural aid and services is intended for the sale of goods and household services at socially low prices.
Its structure usually includes:
Shop for the sale of food and manufactured goods of prime necessity;
Salon;
Sewing factory;
Servicing of the elderly and disabled is carried out on the basis of a pension certificate. The department also participates in the distribution of humanitarian aid through the Red Cross and other types of charitable assistance.
In the structure of the social service center, in addition to those listed, there may be other divisions. The decision to create a particular unit is made by the director of the center in agreement with the department of social protection of the population.
Currently, the need for social services in stationary conditions remains quite high.
In the regions of Russia, there are 674 state-run boarding schools for the elderly and disabled for 92.8 thousand places and about 528 municipal homes for veterans with about 1.7 thousand places. Elderly citizens suffering from various mental illnesses receive assistance in 542 psycho-neurological boarding schools, 17 mercy boarding houses. The concept of social policy in relation to the elderly // Social Security, 2006, No. 1. - p.28.
In stationary social service institutions for elderly citizens, living conditions corresponding to their age, state of mental and somatic health are created, social, social, labor and medical rehabilitation, leisure and recreation activities are carried out.
The stationary institutions of social service for the elderly and old people include:
Houses - boarding schools of a general type (homes for the elderly);
Boarding house for veterans of labor and disabled people, veterans of the Second World War, the elderly of certain professional categories (artists, etc.);
Special houses for single and childless couples with a range of social services;
Specialized houses - boarding schools for former prisoners who have reached old age;
Houses (departments) of mercy;
Temporary residences;
Houses - boarding schools for psychochronics;
Let's take a closer look at the most common type. stationary institution social services - boarding houses of a general type.
Homes - boarding schools are intended for permanent residence of the elderly and disabled, single married couples who, for health reasons, need daily social - consumer services and occasional or ongoing care.
For the residence of elderly and disabled citizens in boarding schools, two departments are usually provided. This is a department for persons capable of partial self-service and movement around the house - a boarding school and the area adjacent to it, and a department for those in need of constant care. Each department should have a set of premises for carrying out social, hygienic and medical and preventive measures.
In addition to departments for living in boarding schools, public facilities are provided: a cinema hall, a library, an assembly hall, a club, a recreation room with a set of required technical means, musical instruments, board games, a dining room with a catering unit, medical rooms, medical and labor workshops, office and utility rooms necessary for the normal functioning of the boarding house.
In accordance with the list of state-guaranteed social services in boarding schools, following view services:
Catering services, including dietary, everyday life;
Providing health care;
Qualified medical care, rehabilitation, timely diagnosis of complications and exacerbations of chronic diseases;
Provision of psychological assistance;
Organization of the provision of dental, prosthetic and prosthetic - orthopedic care;
Organization of advisory assistance to medical-profiled institutions and transfer of elderly residents, if necessary, to an appropriate medical institution;
Organization of cultural - mass work with residents, taking into account their age and state of health;
Legal services;
Involvement in rehabilitation activities of members of public and religious organizations, charitable societies and associations;
Other social services. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with the elderly: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk regional gerontological center. 2003. - With. 72.
If elderly citizens systematically violate the rules of living in boarding houses of a general type, they can be transferred to specialized nursing homes.
Specialized nursing homes are intended for permanent residence of citizens who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and need constant care, from among the vacated places of deprivation of liberty, especially dangerous recidivists. Elderly people who have previously been convicted or repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for violations are also sent here. public order engaged in vagrancy and begging.
Social service in stationary conditions successfully fulfills its mission, if it does not itself contribute to the disruption of habitual social ties, deepening the social alienation of the individual. The multi-occupancy houses of the same type prevailing at the present time - boarding schools should be gradually replaced by hospitals with a small capacity.
One of the promising forms of improving the social and living conditions of lonely elderly people, organizing their medical care, recreation and leisure is the creation of special residential buildings for this category of citizens.
In accordance with the example “Regulations on a special house for lonely elderly people”, approved by the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population on April 7, 1994, these houses are intended for permanent residence of single citizens, as well as married couples who have retained full or partial ability to self-service in everyday life and need to create conditions for self-realization of their basic vital needs.
The main purpose of creating such houses is to provide favorable living conditions and self-service; provision of social, household and medical assistance to elderly citizens; creation of conditions for an active lifestyle, including feasible labor activity.
Special houses can be built, both according to a standard project, and located in converted separate buildings or parts of a multi-storey building. Special houses consist of one-, two-room apartments and include a complex of social and household services, medical office, library, canteen, order points for foodstuffs, delivery of linen to the laundry or dry cleaning, premises for cultural activities and for work. They should be equipped with small-scale mechanization to facilitate self-service for elderly residents. At such houses round-the-clock operating dispatch centers equipped with intercom are organized.
Medical care for citizens living in special boarding schools is carried out by medical personnel of territorial medical and preventive institutions, and the organization of social, domestic, commercial and cultural services is carried out by the relevant territorial bodies and services.
The priority right to provide housing in a special house is used by single disabled people and participants in the Great Patriotic War and related persons.
Special houses are usually classified as social housing stock, are state property and are in the operational management of the fund for social support of the population.
The main sources of funding for special homes are budgetary appropriations, as well as income from the sale of housing transferred to the fund by the residents of the special home, the fund's income from entrepreneurial activities.
When single citizens move into a special house, the safety of the living quarters transferred to the fund for social support of the population is ensured for 6 months from the moment of settlement. The size compensation payments is 10% of the cost of housing according to BTI.
The possibility of privatization of residential premises in a special house is excluded. In the event of the departure of one of the family members living in a two-room apartment, the fund has the right, with the consent of the remaining family member, to replace the area occupied by them with a smaller one, or to move to the vacated area, in compliance with the relevant rules and regulations.
Thus, various social service institutions occupy an important place in the system of social protection of the elderly and old people.
In the field of social services for the elderly and old people, the fundamental documents regulating in Russian legislation social - labor rights person, are federal laws“On the basics of social services for the population in Russian Federation”, “On social services for elderly and disabled citizens”, “On veterans”, which entered into force in 1995.
Moreover, it can be said that the activities of these institutions actively shape not only the attitude towards the elderly in society, but also the position of the elderly: their views on themselves, their place and role in the social organization.
According to these laws, the main principles of activities in the field of social services for old people are as follows:
Observance of human and citizens' rights;
Providing state guarantees;
Ensuring equal opportunities in receiving social services and their availability for old people;
Continuity of all types of social services;
Orientation of social services to individual needs;
Priority of measures for social adaptation of elderly citizens.
Institutions of stationary social service
Remark 1
Stationary social services are implemented in stationary institutions (nursing homes, neuropsychiatric boarding schools, boarding houses, etc.). Disabled and elderly citizens who need constant monitoring and care for health reasons and who have completely or partially lost the ability to self-service are sent to these institutions.
A special network of stationary institutions has been created for disabled children and orphans. Active work is being carried out to solve the problem of child homelessness and prevent child delinquency.
Children with anomalies of physical or mental development between the ages of 4 and 18 are admitted to the orphanage. Children with physical disabilities and children with mental disorders should not be placed in the same institutions at the same time. The maintenance of elderly citizens in nursing homes is carried out on a paid basis at the expense of the enterprises in which they worked or at their personal expense.
In Russia, admission to boarding schools is carried out when women reach 55 years old, men - 60 years old; persons with I or II group of disability and have reached the age of majority. Persons in need of residential care are accepted only on condition that they do not have able-bodied parents or children who are obliged to support them according to the law.
Only disabled citizens with the corresponding disability group (I, II) aged 18 to 40 years old are admitted to boarding schools for the disabled, provided that they do not have able-bodied parents or children who are required to support them according to the law.
In psycho-neurological boarding schools there are people with chronic mental illnesses who need everyday services, care, and medical assistance. Reception of such citizens is carried out regardless of whether they have relatives who are obliged to support them or not.
For the elderly and disabled without a fixed place of residence, specialized institutions are being created:
- social hotels,
- social shelters,
- social adaptation centers, etc.
Such institutions provide food, medical care, accommodation (temporary place of residence), special measures are taken to socially adapt citizens who have lost social ties to new conditions of life in society.
Services provided by stationary social service institutions
The state guarantees the provision of social services in stationary social security institutions to disabled and elderly citizens. These services include:
- Material and household services. They include the provision of living space, cultural and community services, the organization of medical and labor activities, rehabilitation activities.
- Services for the organization of life, food, leisure. Providing hot meals (including dietary), bedding, clothing and footwear, etc.
- Sanitary-hygienic and social-medical service. They are characterized by the provision of free medical care, assistance in the implementation of medical and social examination, provision of care, rehabilitation measures, assistance in prosthetics, assistance in hospitalization, provision of the necessary sanitary and hygienic conditions.
- Helping disabled people to receive an education that takes into account mental and physical abilities.
- Legal services.
- Services for the implementation of social and labor rehabilitation, i.e. creation of conditions for the use of residual labor opportunities.
Remark 2
Citizens living in stationary institutions are exempted from punishment. It is not allowed to use physical restraints in relation to the elderly, corresponding to medications, any kind of punishment, isolation. Employees of social institutions who violate these norms are subject to administrative, disciplinary and criminal liability.
The reform of the stationary social security system is focused on developing measures to overcome the lack of places in social institutions, creating acceptable living conditions in such institutions, and moving social service institutions to more environmentally friendly areas.
The procedure for the provision of stationary social services
A ticket to a boarding house is issued by a social security organization after considering an application for admission to a boarding house and a medical card. In case of disability of a person, his placement in a hospital social institution occurs as a result of the submission by the legal representative of the relevant written application.
A pensioner or a disabled person, with the permission of the boarding house administration, may leave the social service institution for up to one month. Permission to temporarily leave a disabled person or an elderly person is given with the permission of the attending physician, a written obligation of relatives to provide the necessary care.
Remark 3
Citizens who are on stationary social services may refuse the services of these institutions, provided that there are persons capable of providing them with the necessary care and proper maintenance.
Special boarding houses are created, as a rule, for the disabled and the elderly, who were previously involved in violation of public order or convicted, engaged in begging or vagrancy, or transferred from the institutions of the internal affairs bodies.
Persons living in nursing homes for the disabled and the elderly who grossly and systematically violate the rules of internal order, on the basis of a recommendation from the administration of a stationary institution and by a court decision, can be transferred to special residential homes.
Citizens released from places of deprivation of liberty who need constant care, recidivists and persons who need administrative supervision are sent to special boarding houses.
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