Livestock business plans. Breeding cattle. Feed growing technology and livestock breeding

In the modern world, many people think about opening their own own business... As practice shows, this is the only sure way to financial stability and independence. The main thing in this matter is to find the most promising and interesting ideas that will really open up the possibility of real earnings, financial sustainability and independence. However, in order to achieve success, it is better to use original ideas, to go in the direction that is in demand, but at the same time is not crowded with competitors.

The best option is the food sector. No matter what happens, people will always buy food.

A wonderful solution for brave and thoughtful people is animal husbandry, which is becoming more and more popular every year. Livestock breeding and sales plan you can compose yourself or find a ready-made development on the Internet using the phrase "b worn out the plan of animal husbandry ".

If you look at the statistics, you will notice that the demand for natural products is growing. In addition, a huge number of people leave the city and start all over again in a village or small village, where you can safely raise livestock, and then sell meat profitably.

Where should you start?

The idea is really worthwhile, it already brings profit to a large number of people every year. It is not surprising that many aspiring entrepreneurs are interested in this topic and start such a business.

How to start a livestock farm business plan? Of course, with the search for territory! Believe me, it plays a big role.

Water and grass should be available in the selected location so that healthy and strong livestock can be raised with confidence.

If you do not have experience in this area, then you definitely need to use a ready-made livestock business plan, which will guarantee further success. It is much easier, wiser and more promising to act according to an established system.

Of course, many businessmen do not think for a long time, but immediately agree to use ready-made ideas to save time and effort. Fact! This is a profitable and practical solution for everyone.

In any case, always carefully and even meticulously consider the territory where you plan to build your business in order to avoid problems in the future.

Do you need a lot of capital?

What will the money be for? In order to purchase livestock, feed for them, arrange a place to sleep, create a place to live for yourself and your employee. All this requires an investment of money.

However, do not forget that this area of ​​activity is carefully supported by various government programs. If you intend to engage in animal husbandry for a long time, then you will definitely need to learn more about the various grants and programs. So you can save a lot!

Government programs make it possible to quickly and easily solve the problem with money, get the necessary capital and engage in livestock breeding for your own pleasure.

This is how many people started out. In order to collect the necessary information, carefully read about all government programs, study information about financial support in various banks that participate in such government systems... Then you can plan your own business with minimal costs!

Should you hire workers?

Of course, it is impossible to imagine a livestock business plan without work force on your site.

If you want to radically change your life, do business important part routine, go through all the stages of the company's development, then, of course, it is worth going out of town yourself. Of course, this will take a lot of time, effort and skill, but the results will be worth it.

It's great that now you can find responsible and good workers who will help with the housework at minimal cost on your part. If you plan to open big business in the field of livestock, it will take a lot of manpower to achieve results. However, n Don't forget: even if you have responsible employees, you still have to personally control the work process to be sure of excellent results.

Are you wondering how to promote your business? Everything about marketing can be found. And the basics of business psychology -.

Payback

The payback of the livestock business is excellent, you can be sure. It will be enough to hand over adult and healthy livestock once to see with your own eyes what great money you can earn in this area.

Now the so-called "livestock business ideas" are in demand for a reason. Many people are really confident to invest their cash and get a triple benefit from it.

You don't have to worry about the time-consuming livestock breeding. Believe me, regular business requires a lot more, but the results are not so impressive.

Let us remind you once again: do not forget to inquire about possible grants and assistance from the state to new farmers. There are many ways to make a minimum investment in a business, and in return receive a stable income!

Remember - in the modern world, meat will always be the main product in the trading system. If you supply meat, then in return you are guaranteed to receive maximum profit and pleasure!

Calculations are relevant for 2019

MS Word Volume: 32 pages

Business plan

Feedback (279)

Pay attention to the livestock business plan, which will provide you with documentary evidence of the profitability of the cattle farm business. Growing large cattle requires skill and experience, because animals need spacious pens, in which all conditions for keeping will be provided. High-quality feed with special additives, creation of drinkers and comfortable pens will definitely increase the profitability of the cattle breeding business.

In the proposed ready-made document, you will find sections where the cost of the undertaking for breeding cows, fattening cattle will be indicated, because this activity requires tangible funds and constant replenishment of feed stocks. Also, animals need careful care, and dairy cows require special treatment, therefore it is necessary to install milking machines, as well as equipment for keeping the cows clean.

A well-structured cattle breeding document also covers the stages of selling meat to buyers. You can not only breed livestock, but also maintain the slaughterhouse yourself. This will require additional investment, but the profit will be much higher than just the sale of livestock. You should also think about updating breeds in order to increase the number of livestock, and increase the profitability of the enterprise.

The unstable economic situation in our country has led to the fact that such a business as animal husbandry, alas, is not developing as actively as we would like. Meanwhile, the majority of consumers are interested in the production of local meat products as much as possible, since their taste is much higher than imported counterparts.

But why are entrepreneurs in no hurry to master such an attractive, at first glance, niche? The thing is that when starting his business with the development of beef farming, a businessman is faced with huge amount problems. And this is not the amount of initial costs, as it might seem to an unenlightened person. On the contrary, a low threshold for entering this business can just attract start-up entrepreneurs.

Difficulties lie elsewhere. First of all, in order to be engaged in such a business as cattle breeding, it is necessary to have large land areas - after all, cows need to graze somewhere! If there are not so many pasture lands in your region, then this business will be unprofitable. Good pastures will provide your cows with a natural fodder base, which will significantly reduce the cost of the final product - fresh meat.

With the proper organization of the livestock business, the cost of livestock feed can easily be minimized. From early spring until the snow falls, the cows will feed on grass, that is, practically free. While the lack of a natural forage base will increase the cost of feeding animals to such an extent that it will be almost impossible to wait for a profit.

But, in addition to pasture land, livestock also needs arable land, which is used for growing root crops and cereals - the basis of winter feed for cattle (cattle). Each cow with offspring must have at least 2 hectares of land, equally arable and pasture. Based on this, the entrepreneur should calculate the maximum number of heads in the herd that he can provide with feed.

The amount of expected profit is very much dependent on the breed of livestock that will be raised on your farms. You cannot save on this: it is better to buy 50 heads of pedigree cows that have proven themselves well in terms of fertility and speed of weight gain, than to buy 100 heads of unremarkable cows for the same money, from which there will be only problems.

A competent livestock business project will allow you to take into account all the nuances of this type of business. One has only to get acquainted with the reviews about the livestock business, and it becomes clear: success is achieved by those entrepreneurs who relied on a professional example of a livestock business plan with ready-made calculations. A competent business plan includes such important points as the peculiarities of the sale of meat and the conclusion of contracts with suppliers, which is critical for peasant farms. And only this document will help you make a competent analysis of the sales market for meat products in order to quickly recoup your investment.

Livestock is one of the most promising agricultural business sectors that brings good profit even during a crisis. Of course, such an activity will require you to make certain financial investments for the purchase of feed and keeping animals, but they all pay off in the most short time... With the right approach, animal husbandry as a business from scratch can make you a wealthy, financially independent person in just a few years. We will tell you how to organize a small farm in this article.

Where to begin?

In our country in Lately the farming business has become very popular.

It develops due to the following important factors:

• State programs aimed at supporting domestic producers;
• Increase in food prices;
• The products produced by the farms are categorized as essential goods;
• A wide range of different areas of activity.

Based on this, we can say that small business animal husbandry is a promising and rather profitable activity, which, with certain financial investments, can bring a good stable income.

A novice farmer must solve the following important questions:

1. Choose a line of business;
2. Develop a competent business plan;
3. Purchase livestock and equipment;
4. Formally formalize your activities;
5. Apply for financial support from the state.

The organization of any business is associated with certain difficulties. It is best to start your own business in the direction with which you are familiar and to which your soul lies. It is advisable to choose an idea that will allow you to quickly get a result with a small financial investment. When you learn in practice the technology of production of livestock products, you can move on to a larger scale.

Livestock breeding

When drawing up a business plan for animal husbandry, you need to take into account that animal breeding is divided into the following sectors:

1. Pig breeding:
2. Poultry keeping;
3. Breeding cattle;
4. Sheep breeding;
5. Rabbit breeding;
6. Beekeeping;
7. Horse breeding;
8. Fish farming;
9. Fur farming.

The most profitable livestock business is cattle breeding. Farmers engaged in such activities provide the population with milk and meat. An equally profitable type of activity is poultry farming. The absence of any difficulties in breeding poultry and the high demand for products allow entrepreneurs to receive a stable high income. Another rapidly developing type of farming activity is pig breeding. This kind of business brings good income, but to achieve good results, you will have to spend a lot of effort and money.

The most sustainable option is a large farm with a variety of specialties. It is almost impossible to create such a farm from scratch, but if you draw up a competent business plan for the development of animal husbandry and strictly adhere to all its points, you can start small and achieve great success. Your the main objective at the start - to get the first profit, which may appear in 6 months or in 2 years. It all depends on what kind of livestock business idea you have chosen to start your business.

In order for a small animal husbandry business to bring tangible profits, it needs to be developed to a certain scale. For example, if you organize a small cattle farm of 20-30 heads, it is unlikely to please you with a high income. It is necessary to constantly increase the number of livestock, buy equipment and hire employees, in order to reach 100 heads in at least a year.

If you do not have experience in this area, you should not immediately invest a lot of money in organizing a farm. Start small, like 5 bulls. This will allow you to understand whether it is worth doing such a thing in the future.

What is profitable to grow for sale?

Now let's talk about which types of animal husbandry bring the greatest profit:

• Rabbits. For beginners who are inexperienced in keeping and caring for animals, it is best to start their business by breeding rabbits. The main advantage of these animals is their early maturity. In 30 days, their weight increases 12 times. It is profitable enough and useful business... With only 4-5 females on the farm, you can get 200 rabbit skins and about 300 kg of quality meat;
• Nutria. This business idea of ​​animal husbandry, with the right approach, can bring a decent profit. One carcass of nutria weighing 5 kg costs $ 25. If you organize the process correctly, one family will give you $ 350 worth of meat a month. In order to get nutria skins, you need to keep it for 9-10 months;
• Goats. These pets are bred for fluff and nutritious milk. This is one of the most profitable livestock breeding, which opens up wide development prospects for beginners;
• Turkeys. Despite the difficulties associated with breeding and keeping turkeys, this Domestic bird generates excellent profits for farmers. All initial investments are recouped in 8-10 months. By this time, an adult has reached a weight of 20–25 kg. The demand for high-quality dietary turkey meat does not fall in any economic conditions, therefore, there are usually no problems with the sale of finished products;
• Pig breeding. Pigs are early maturing animals. If you provide them with proper care and quality food, the animal will weigh 100 kg by 6 months. One sow can give birth 1-2 times a year, respectively, in addition to selling meat, you can additionally earn good money on the sale of suckling pigs;
• Gobies. Beef never drops in price, so raising gobies for meat can be safely called one of the most profitable business ideas in the field of animal husbandry. With quality care and proper nutrition after 1.5 years, the animals gain weight of 300–350 kg.

Stern

The biggest expense for a novice farmer is the purchase of feed. Low-quality products can cause irreparable harm to animals, so experts recommend not to save on feed. It is advisable to buy them in bulk from a manufacturer with a good reputation and extensive experience in this field. In addition to hay and grain, you also need to purchase special feed additives that contribute to quick dial weight.

Sales channels for finished products

Since the main types of livestock products are always in demand on the market, there are usually no problems with their sale. Novice farmers sell meat, milk, eggs and other products in the markets or sell them through small shops.

Large farms usually enter into cooperation agreements with retail chains or companies that process livestock products. Some open their own processing plants. Thanks to this, they multiply the profitability of their business.

How much can you earn?

To understand how profitable animal husbandry is in Russia, let's try to calculate the profitability of this business using the example of a rabbit breeding farm.

They are extremely fertile animals that give 10 litters in 1 year. Each rabbit brings about 6 cubs at a time. If you keep 100 females, you can get 6 thousand young animals from them. Average carcass weight before slaughter is 2–2.2 kg. If you raise and slaughter all the young rabbits, you get 12 tons of meat. Finished products you can sell for 180-190 rubles per 1 kg, respectively, the annual income will be 2 million 280 thousand rubles. If we take away the costs of feed, animal maintenance, salaries of employees and transportation costs, there will be 1 million 140 thousand rubles.

To reduce costs, you can vaccinate rabbits yourself, grow them feed on your own land, and also take care of the animals yourself, without hiring hired workers. Rabbit breeding is not the most profitable business in animal husbandry, but despite this, many novice farmers are engaged in this business, since it brings a good stable income.

If we talk about breeding cattle, this is quite a profitable area, but it will require a large investment from you. You shouldn't wait from the meat direction quick payback as calves gain the necessary weight at 15-18 months of age. This means that you will receive your first profit in about 1.5 years. The dairy business is profitable faster, but milk is much cheaper than meat, so the initial investment takes a long time to pay off.

Livestock raising is a rather risky activity. Novice farmers can face diseases and epidemics that lead to the death of all livestock. The profitability of such a business largely depends on the choice of the direction of activity and your attitude to your business. If you can prevent all risks and take into account important points, the farm will bring excellent profits.

Refers to agricultural activity.

For a long time, it has brought great profits.

This industry is considered one of the most promising.

Even in ancient times, people raised cattle to provide for families and to sell.

Of course, the sphere is large. The main thing here is to choose the right direction. And for this it is required to determine which direction is in demand in the region of residence.

But, even having decided on the animal, the entrepreneur should take into account that in order to open a business, he will have to have a lot of money that will have to be invested. At correct setting business, animal husbandry as a business from scratch will pay off quickly enough.

In Russia, animal husbandry is becoming more and more popular not only among ordinary people but also entrepreneurs. This is due to some indicators:

• In our country, there are special programs that support farming. Entrepreneurs are provided with various subsidies and benefits, as well as land for running a farming business.
• A noticeable increase in the cost of products, which provides a large profit.
• The product line obtained from this type of activity is always in demand. Entrepreneurs usually have their own distribution channels.
• Restrictions on the import of products from abroad have now been introduced.
• A large number of directions. Introduction of new varieties, for example, breeding of ostriches.
• Russian products inspire confidence and, accordingly, are in demand.

Therefore, farming is considered profitable and promising. It develops rapidly and brings great profits. Only for its organization will have to make a lot of effort and invest money. At the same time, profits can be made very soon.

How to start an activity

The first thing an entrepreneur needs to determine is what goal he will pursue when raising livestock. It is possible to combine several in one direction. There are many directions now. For example, they breed:

• for the purpose of selling meat
• for milk production
• generalized method
• marketing of juveniles

On the farming activities two types of factors are affected: external and internal. The first are:

• degree of specialization
• security
• availability of performance

TO external factors can be attributed:

• availability of demand
• economy
• politics

This type of activity is an integral part of modern world... Having abandoned it, you can come to primitive times. Therefore, animal husbandry needs to be supported and developed. Only in this case will the entrepreneur succeed.

Before breeding livestock, a beginner should think about a few questions:

• choice of direction
• preparation of a business plan
• registration of activities
• seeking help from the state
• purchase of livestock, feed and necessary equipment

The correct setting of this business is associated with some difficulties. It is recommended that you start in a more familiar direction. It is necessary to adhere to ideas that allow you to quickly recover costs. This will help you to reach a new level of activity with more profit.

Many farmers purchase several types of livestock at the same time in order to determine which one will be more profitable for them and to their liking. Indeed, each region may have its own level of sales, connections with the needs of people.

Having studied in practice the technology of raising and feeding cattle in small volumes, you can proceed to a large scale. Just because you need to learn small.

Possible directions of animal husbandry

Before drawing up a business plan, an entrepreneur needs to carefully understand all branches of animal husbandry. This includes breeding:

• birds
• cows
• deer
• camels
• fur animals

Quite often, entrepreneurs are tormented by the question of whether livestock as a business from scratch is more profitable.

It is worth noting that the most profitable direction is the breeding of cows.

Entrepreneurs engaged in such business provide the population not only with meat, but also with dairy products.

In addition, juveniles can be sold.

Of course, this area is laborious. After all, you have to look for a barn, and for cows it should not be small.

Therefore, for many aspiring entrepreneurs, it is possible to start a business with something simpler. Two more equally profitable industries are:

• pig breeding
• poultry breeding

This is due to the fact that the resulting products are among the most in demand. But to achieve a good result, you need to spend a lot of effort and money.

A stable option would be a large farm of various specializations.

But creating such a business from scratch is quite difficult right away.

And it will require a lot of investments.

If we consider separately the direction of breeding cows, then with the number of twenty heads of large profits should not be expected.

It is necessary to constantly increase the livestock, and then you can come to an excellent result. However, if there is no experience in this direction, it is better to start with a small amount. For a start, it is enough to have five heads of cattle. This will make it possible to understand whether it is worth pursuing this direction and whether it was generally chosen correctly.

Most profitable business

As stated above, cow breeding is considered the most profitable activity. This is due, first of all, to the provision of people not only with meat, but also with dairy products. Before starting a similar business, an entrepreneur needs to draw up a business plan. It should include:

• the volumes that the farmer plans to receive
• expenses for the purchase of livestock, feed and equipment
• marketing advertising costs
• sales value designation
• information about distribution channels
• employee salary costs
• costs for water, consecration and heat
• expenses for regular medical care of animals, usually it concerns vaccinations
• risk analysis
• planned income
• business start-up costs
• taxes
• rent or cost of purchased premises

It is very important to determine in advance with the room. It should be located away from the city. Then you can get an environmentally friendly product.

It is considered important to determine the purpose of breeding cattle:

• for sale of young animals
• for slaughter
• dairy production
• dressing
• production of meat products

After the business plan has been drawn up and the premises have been found, you can proceed to the registration of activities. To do this, you will have to obtain a number of permits and collect the necessary documentation.

A dairy cow must have:

• barrel belly
• small horns
• good muscles
• elastic udder

A narrow butt and a sagging back can be attributed to disadvantages.

Be sure to check the documents before buying cattle.

Must be vaccinated.

First, the cattle must be provided with fodder.

Ideally, have good pastures nearby.

It is imperative to disinfect the barn and vaccinate the livestock. It is imperative to provide an additional room for a slaughterhouse.

Beef is an expensive and high quality meat. It is in high demand. In order to get more profit, farmers buy livestock different breeds... This helps to make a profit not only from meat, but also from milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese and the like.

What is more profitable for the purpose of selling

Let's consider specifically how profitable each of the areas of animal husbandry is:

• Breeding rabbits does not involve a lot of investment and hassle. People who have not previously been involved in animal husbandry are advised to start a business with this particular type of activity. The main advantage of these animals is early maturity. Within a month, their weight increases twelve times. By purchasing five females, you can get two hundred skins and about three hundred kilograms of meat annually.
• Breeding nutria, with the right business setup, can lead to good profits. After all, one carcass of this animal is worth twenty-five conventional units. With proper organization of activities, one family per month will bring up to twenty thousand rubles. To get good skins, they must be kept for at least nine months.
• Quite often people breed. You can get fluff and healthy milk from this animal. For newcomers to the livestock industry, this is a pretty lucrative business.
• When breeding turkeys, it is worth considering that they are difficult to maintain. But after ten months, such a business pays off. By this time, the bird weighs about twenty-five kilograms. The demand for it is very good, so there are no problems with implementation.
• Pigs are classified as early-maturing cattle. If you provide them with good care, at six months of age the animal reaches one hundred kilograms of weight. One female can give two offspring per year. Therefore, in addition to meat, you can trade in young animals. Little pigs are not cheap to stand.
• Beef has always been and will be in the price. Therefore, the cultivation of this animal for sale can be safely called one of the most profitable. With proper nutrition and care, this cattle gains weight up to three hundred and fifty kilograms in a year and a half.

Due to the fact that the main types of products from animal husbandry are always in demand, problems with their sale usually do not arise. Entrepreneurs can sell products on the market or take them to small outlets.

As for large farms, they enter into deals with retail chains, as well as enterprises that process products. Some farmers additionally equip own production for processing products, which helps to increase the profitability of the activity.

What is needed for a successful business

Pig farming is a profitable business

Every novice farmer should understand that this type of business does not provide instant income.

Livestock is one of the most risky activities.

Since there is always the likelihood of diseases or natural disasters that contribute to the emergence of losses and lead to bankruptcy.

It also takes time to make a profit.

Breeding dairy and beef cattle- the branches of animal husbandry in our time, unfortunately, are not particularly profitable. However, with the right approach to business, it is still possible to make a relatively good profit from such an enterprise.

In order to establish a good business, the farmer needs to take care of choosing the most suitable breed of cows, build a comfortable barn for the animals and provide them with high-quality feed. Also, a novice entrepreneur will need to compile detailed business plan for cattle breeding.

Where to start: business registration

Before starting the construction of a farm, an entrepreneur needs to take care of its legalization. Most often, such enterprises are formalized either asKFK ( peasant farm) orLPH (personal utility)or just as an individual entrepreneur. A cattle breeding farm should be registered using a special code (animal husbandry). In this case, taxes in the future will have to be paid not too high.Currently, farmers consider KFK to be the most advantageous type of registration. The owner of such an enterprise can choose for himself the most suitable system taxation.

RBreeding of dairy and beef cattle nowadays -supported by the state as well. The owners of such an enterprise can count on even a small financial support (about 60 thousand rubles). Funds are issued for the organization of the barn mainly individual entrepreneurs... You can get money from your local employment office.

Direction of activity

Most often, cows in our country are bred to obtain milk. However, sometimes these animals are kept for meat. Before starting the construction of a farm, an entrepreneur, of course, needs to decide on the direction of the business. If there are large factories for the production of sausages, stewed meat and other similar products in the vicinity, it may make sense to organize a "meat" farm. Otherwise, it is better to focus on such a popular product as milk. There are enterprises for its processing in almost every city in Russia.

Choosing a place for a farm

Making upbusiness plan for cattle breeding,this issue should also be given maximum attention.Place underneed a cowshedchoose the right one. Sarai dmust be located, of course,at some distance from residential buildings and territories of settlements. Before buying a plot or concluding a lease, you should make sure that this place has water for the well.

Also, when choosing a land, a farmer should take into account the estimated livestock.... It is believed that one cow should have:

perennialgrass meadows - 0.5-0.7 ha;

annual and silage crops - 0.15-0.25 ha.

Also, next to the farm should be located agricultural enterprises engaged in the cultivation of root crops and cereals.

Staff

Breeding cows as a business is difficult. And it will most likely be impossible to cope with it alone. In addition to building a barn and determining where to buy feed, an entrepreneur who decides to start breeding cattle will also need to think about hiring workers for the farm. It is believed that an enterprise of such specialization cannot do without:

milkmaids;

Rlaborers.

In some cases, the owner of the farm can take on part of the responsibilities (keeping records, marketing).

Calculation of profitability

The costs of setting up a cattle farm are usually significant. So, building a cowshedsmallsizes(for 7 cows and 3 bulls) will costapproximately at200 thousand roubles. Pedigree adult animals cost about 200-300 rubles. per kilogram of mass. The weight of such cows averages 700 kg. That is, for 10 animals you will have to pay about 200 thousand rubles. Registration entrepreneurial activity will cost about 20 thousand rubles. Thus, the actual organization of the farm will cost no less than 420 thousand rubles.

Breeding of dairy cattle, as well as meat, also involves the cost of feed for animals and wages employees.

Farmers usually buy feed per cow for about 40-45 thousand rubles a year. Thus, for 10 heads you will have to spend 400-450 thousand rubles. Employees will need to be paid:

one milkmaid - at least 15 thousand rubles. per month;

one handyman 13 thousand;

Total per month comes out about28 thousand roubles.,and in a year -336 thousand roubles. That is, the cost of maintaining the farm per year will be 450,000 +336 000 = 786 thousand rubles. Also, the farmer will have to pay taxes (depending on the chosen scheme) and spend money on equipment repairs.

When drawing up a business plan for breeding cattle, the estimated income should also be calculated. They will depend on the cost of the products supplied to the market. The retail price per kilogram of milk on the market is about 50 rubles. One breeding cow can produce 4000-6000 kg per lactation. Consequently, when selling milk at retail from 7 animals per year, it will be possible to get about 1,750,000 rubles.

Based on these numbers, it should be easy to roughly calculate the profitability of a dairy farm. The costs of keeping beef cows will be about the same. Income is determined taking into account the cost of a kilogram of meat. On the market for this product they ask on average400 p. Weightcalves of slaughter age is 500-800 kg (live). The meat yield in this case can be equal to 50-65%, that is, about 300 kg. Thus, the income from one animal will be 120,000 rubles. From 10 bulls it will be possible to get 1,200,000 rubles.

Business plan for breeding cattle: which breed to choose

So, the net profit from a cattle breeding farm of 10 animals per year can be approximately 500 thousand rubles. However, not every cow can give 6000 kg of milk, and not every beef goby can gain 800 kg of weight. Therefore, a farmer who wants to make a profit from his enterprise should approach the choice of breed responsibly.

The most productive dairy cow today is undoubtedly the Holstein one. With good care, such cows can produce up to 9 thousand kg of product per year. Also popular with Russian farmers are such breeds as:

red steppe;

black and white;

Kholmogory, etc.

All these cows, depending on the conditions of detention, give 4-6 thousand kg of milk during the lactation period. Of course, it is most beneficial to keep Holstein cows on the farm. However, this cattle, unfortunately, is quite demanding in terms of care. Therefore, a novice farmer, most likely, should still choose the "simpler" breed. In the future, it will be possible to think about buying Holstein shoes.

Breeding beef cattle will be the most profitable business when choosing bull calves:

hereford;

Belgian;

white aquitaine.

Construction of cattle breeding farms

The productivity of cows will also depend on how much good conditions content will be provided by the owner. Therefore, it is worth approaching the construction of sheds with all responsibility. The size of the farm is determined on the basis that approximately 20 m 3 of free space should fall on one animal. The barn plan should include:

stalls with manure, feed and cross passages;

feed preparation room;

rooms for storing inventory, vaccinations, personnel.

The cattle farm for beef production should also be equipped with a mini-slaughterhouse and a refrigerating compartment.

Of course, the barns must be heated during the winter season. Therefore, it will be necessary to equip a boiler room in the barn. Also, the project of the farm must include a ventilation scheme for the premises.

It will, of course, be problematic for an entrepreneur to build even a small cowshed for 10 heads on his own. In any case, you will have to hire a construction team. To build a large farm, you may also need specialists who are ready to draw up a draft barn for a certain fee.

It is believed that inexpensive foam blocks are best for building a truss. There are also ready-made cowsheds made of metal structures on the market today. Their advantages are quick assembly and relatively low cost.

Stern

To get a lot of milk or meat, the farm owner will have to develop a suitable diet for the animals. Feed the cows:

concentrates;

roughage;

root crops.

Grain or special compound feeds are usually used as concentrates. Roughage is primarily hay. Juicy - beets, carrots, potatoes. Such a diet is provided for cattle in winter. In summer, cows are usually driven out to pasture. Cows are in the meadow all day. The owner of a small farm can arrange grazing with a shepherd from a nearby village. The owner of a large business will most likely have to hire such an employee separately. Concentrated feed and root crops in summer are given to cows in the morning and in the evening.

In addition to grain, hay, grass, beets and silage, cows should also receive vitamins, as well as trace elements necessary for their body. Therefore, the owner of the farm will need to purchase for them all kinds of premix additives.

Often, barn owners include in the diet of their pets and cooked according to special recipes industrially compound feed. When using them, the cultivation of cattle and its maintenance are more expensive. But the productivity of cows also increases. When using compound feed in the diet, it is not necessary to include additional premixes in it. They are included in industrial formulations initially.

Hotels

In addition to stalls and outbuildings, the barn project should definitely include a room for young animals. Dairy calves are removed from their mothers almost immediately. They are fed artificially. After all, milk in this case is the main product of the farm. At meat enterprises for cattle breeding, young animals are left with the cow for suction. This helps calves gain weight more quickly and reduce mortality.

Vaccinations and sanitation rules

The benefits of maintaining a farm can be obtained, albeit not too large, but quite acceptable. However, often novice farmers are faced with such a serious problem as the death of livestock, and, accordingly, the loss of funds invested in the business.

Some cattle diseases are fatal; others can lead to a significant decrease in productivity. Moreover, infections in barns usually spread very quickly. Therefore, the sanitary condition of the premises for cattle should be given maximum attention. The cattle farm should be cleaned daily. In addition, animals need to be vaccinated.

Hiring a veterinarian on a small farm is, of course, unnecessary. In most cases, the owners of such farms, if vaccination is necessary, simply invite specialists from the nearest veterinary clinic for a fee. On a large farm, a physician of this specialization must, of course, be hired.

The most common diseases in cattle are:

brucellosis;

leukemia;

leptospirosis;

mad cow disease;

tuberculosis.

From what diseases it is worth vaccinating cows in a particular region and with what frequency, it is worth finding out at the district veterinary clinic in the epidemic prevention department.

Setting up a farm: marketing products

Thus, it is rather difficult to organize a cattle breeding enterprise. This business is also relatively costly. But it is even more difficult nowadays to find sales markets. The cost of milk and meat given in the article above is retail. If the farm is designed for only 10 animals, it is possible that the owner will be able to find direct markets for its owner. When an enterprise expands with retail sales, certain difficulties may arise. The owner of a large farm will most likely have to sell products in bulk - to enterprises of the corresponding specialization. In this case, the price for a liter of milk or a kilogram of meat will be much lower. When calculating the possible profit, this must be taken into account.

Sale of calves

The owners of a cattle farm can profit not only from the sale of milk or meat. Many owners of such enterprises are also engaged in such business as cattle breeding. Pedigree calves are quite expensive today. There are always a lot of hunters to buy such animals. The price of one thoroughbred calf on the market today is about 12 thousand rubles.

Instead of a conclusion

As you can see, the construction of cattle breeding farms is a rather complicated and responsible business. Profit from such an enterprise, of course, can be obtained. However, you will have to spend money on organizing a business of such specialization thoroughly. In any case, of course, you need to have certain skills in keeping this type of farm animals. Such a business, most likely, is suitable only for a person who is familiar with the basics of keeping cattle firsthand.