In March 1975, the construction of Atommash was declared an All-Union Komsomol shock construction project. On August 30, 1975, the first pile of production building No. 1 was laid. In March 1976, the VZTM under construction was renamed the Volgodonsk Nuclear Power Engineering Plant - Atommash. In December 1976, the first stage of the auxiliary production building No. 3 was put into operation.
The launch of production of power equipment at Atommash was carried out already in 1977. The official commissioning of the first stage of the plant took place in December 1978. The capacity of the enterprise for the production of energy equipment by 1978 reached 3 (three) million kilowatts per year, and by 1979 - 4 (four) million. In 1981, Atommash produced the first reactor for the second power unit of the South Ukrainian Nuclear Power Plant.
To ensure the production and economic activities of Atommash, in accordance with state program socio-economic development, a new part cities with all infrastructure (New City). Before the construction of Atommash, the population of Volgodonsk was 35 thousand people, and in 1981 there were already 135 thousand inhabitants. According to the master plan, the following were built in the city: modern blocks of multi-storey residential buildings, nurseries, kindergartens, schools, medical institutions, trade enterprises and Catering, enterprises consumer services, sports and recreation complexes, cultural institutions, public and administrative buildings and much more. The infrastructure of Atommash, necessary for the socio-economic development of any industrial enterprise, could be the envy of many cities and regions of the country. An important fact is that located on the banks of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir and the Don River, Volgodonsk has a significant geographical advantage over industrial cities and regions not only in the South of Russia.
In archival materials about the history of the flagship of domestic nuclear engineering "Atommash" ( Tutorial“History of the Don Region”, section “Builders of Communism”, 1983), in particular, it says:
“During the tenth five-year plan, a gigantic construction of the unique Atommash plant began on the Don land, which will produce thermal reactors for nuclear power plants of the Soviet Union and fraternal socialist countries. On an autumn morning in 1974, in the steppe near Volgodonsk, the first pegs were driven into the ground, fencing off 600 hectares of the future giant. ... On the eve of the opening of the XXVI Party Congress, in February 1981, the vessel of the first Donskoy reactor was manufactured. A satellite city will grow next to the plant on the banks of the Don. In July 1976, it received its first new residents, and in total 750 thousand builders, workers, engineers and their families will live in its comfortable multi-storey buildings.”
Production specialization
The design capacity of Atommash is 8 sets of reactor equipment per year. In 1989, the company produced 4 complete sets of equipment. Atommash was created as a specialized enterprise for the production of products for nuclear energy. The Atommash production association was a key enterprise in the system of the USSR Ministry of Medium Engineering and produced a wide range of high-tech equipment for nuclear energy and industry. This enterprise produced nuclear reactors of the VVER type, including control rods, steam generators, separators-superheaters and other equipment. At Atommash, the AST-500 reactor vessel was manufactured for the first nuclear heat supply plant - the Gorky AST, as well as components of the Tokamak T-15 thermonuclear installation with a superconducting solenoid, giving an induction field of 3.6 T for In total, the plant’s products numbered 125 items products for nuclear power plants. Atommash products at different times were supplied to many nuclear power plants, including Rostov, Balakovo, Crimean and others. Before the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, Atommash produced more than 100 units of high-tech equipment for nuclear power plants, including 14 VVER-1000 reactors, of which 5 remained at the enterprise. During the period of bankruptcy of Atommash OJSC, these products at a sharply reduced residual book value (for next to nothing) were transferred to EMK-Atommash OJSC. Subsequently, some of the products in the form of components (parts) became the subject of disputes and proceedings in the Arbitration Court of the Rostov Region on claims between JSC EMK-Atommash and the State Enterprise National Nuclear Energy Generating Company Energoatom in Case No. A53-21263/2005, but already at many times increased prices, and then in the Cassation Instance of the Federal Arbitration Court of the North Caucasus District in Case No. A53-4049/2006 with its Resolution dated March 23, 2010.
Atommash's production area was about 6 million square meters. meters. Most of the equipment at Atommash was imported and purchased from such leading Western companies such as Mannesmann AG, ESAB, Italimpianti, Varian and other companies. The quality of nuclear power equipment produced by Atommash Production Association (JSC) was confirmed by an ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) certificate.
USSR postage stamp 1981 - ATOMMASH
In addition to complete equipment for nuclear power plants in its main profile, Atommash OJSC was able to produce over 1000 types of modern competitive industrial products and consumer goods, including: equipment for energy (including thermal, hydro and wind power plants), metallurgical, mining, oil and gas production and processing complexes, compact mini-plants for oil refining with a capacity of 50 to 500 thousand tons per year, structures for sea and river cargo and oil loading ports, containers for the transportation and disposal of radioactive waste, railway tanks for the transportation of liquid gas, installations for desalination of sea water, bioenergy plants for processing livestock waste into fertilizer with the production of heat and electricity, equipment for the rocket and space industry and much more. Atommash could manufacture equipment and products with wall thicknesses from 1 to 400 mm, a diameter of up to 22 m, a length of up to 80 m, and a weight of up to 1000 tons. Atommash exported its products to various countries around the world, including Germany, USA, France, China, Japan, India, Singapore, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Iran, Cuba, Indonesia, etc.
The production of main equipment at Atommash was carried out in a closed cycle, starting from the receipt of the workpiece and ending with the shipment of the finished product. For the shipment and transportation of heavy and large-sized cargo, a special berth was built at the Tsimlyansk Reservoir, equipped with two powerful cranes with a total lifting capacity of 1,200 tons.
Until 1990, annual production at PA Atommash was about 130 thousand tons; the number of employees at the enterprise is 21 thousand people.
Privatization and corporatization
Logo of PO (later AOOT) Atommash in the 80-90s
Atommash badge (70-80s)
Badge "Atommash - Volgodonsk" (70-80s)
Medal in honor of the launch of the first stage of Atommash (1978)
By order of the Government Russian Federation dated 08/21/1992 for No. 1542-r state enterprise nuclear power engineering The Atommash Production Association was transformed into the Atommash Open Joint Stock Company. Having transformed Atommash into a joint-stock company, the state retained its special status as an enterprise of federal significance, included in the list of strategic objects not subject to bankruptcy.
The legal status of the Atommash Production Association after its corporatization is the Open Joint Stock Company "Atommash", abbreviated name - Atommash OJSC (Volgodonsk, Rostov region). As of 1997, the Atommash OJSC enterprise was joint stock company. At the same time, a share of 30% of the shares plus one “golden share” continued to remain assigned to the state and were controlled by the Federal Property Management Agency. The remaining 70% of the shares belonged to individuals and companies, of which the largest shareholder (with a share of 28.5% of shares) was the Moscow enterprise YACONTO Concern CJSC.
Bankruptcy 1995–1999
According to the Orders of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Government of the Russian Federation V.S. Chernomyrdin dated 08/30/1993 for No. 1546-r, dated 03/25/1994 for No. 378-r and dated 09/08/1994 for No. 1437-r, in order to preserve unique specialized capacities for nuclear energy and support the development of Atommash OJSC, funds were allocated from the budget targeted loans at low interest rates. However, in 1994, these loans were sent to commercial structures, and only then were provided to Atommash in the form of loans, but at an extremely high interest rate. Thus, from July to August 1994, Atommash was forced to issue commercial loans issued through the VF CB Doninvest at 216% per annum. Thus, the bankruptcy organizers achieved a rapid increase in the debt of Atommash OJSC to intermediary creditors. Despite the fact that the amount of debt of Atommash was only a small part of the book value of its assets, and the book value of Atommash, in turn, was tens of times less than its market price, it was this debt that served as the pretext for the Territorial Agency of the Federal Administration for insolvency (bankruptcy) cases (FUDN) in the Rostov region to initiate bankruptcy of an industrial giant that was undermining economic security countries.
In a letter from the Minister of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation V.N. dated May 21, 1996 No. D-M-27/4-01 To the Chairman of the Committee on Industry, Construction, Transport and Energy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation V.K. Gusev it is reported that on the basis of the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 04.10.1995 No. P-593ns, the Ministry of Atomic Energy of Russia sent to the State Property Committee of Russia, to the Federal Property Fund under the State Property Committee of Russia and the Head of the Administration of the Rostov Region a reasonable proposal to convert the “golden share” into an ordinary share and secure the unrealized block of shares OJSC "Atommash" for a period of up to three years in state ownership. But this proposal did not receive support in the above authorities, as a result of which the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy lost the opportunity to influence decision-making on the activities of Atommash OJSC. Thus, having decided to introduce external management at the enterprise and not supporting the proposal of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy in the interests of the state, the State Property Committee of Russia, the Federal Property Fund under the State Property Committee of Russia and the Administration of the Rostov Region assumed full responsibility for the future fate of Atommash OJSC.
First Deputy Minister of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy L.D. Ryabev in his letter dated September 12, 1996, No. 03-2739, to the General Director of the Federal University of Social Sciences, P.P. Mostovoy, and the First Deputy Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation, A.P. Vavilov. , First Deputy Minister of Economy of the Russian Federation Urinson Ya.M. , Head of the Administration of the Rostov Region V.F. Chubu and Chairman of the Federation of Trade Unions of the Rostov Region V.P. Voronin proposed a real Plan to save Atommash OJSC from bankruptcy, consisting of the following main points:
But the constructive proposals of the Russian Minatom did not find proper understanding and support. According to the recommendation and lobbying of the Head of the FUDN Terrestrial Agency in the Rostov region, Gramotenko T.A. The Arbitration Court of the Rostov Region appointed Stepanov A.Yu., who at that time was the First Vice-President, and since 1996 the General Director of OJSC Energomashkorporatsiya (EMK), as the External Manager of Atommash OJSC. The Founders of EMK OJSC included enterprises that were competitors of Atommash OJSC, which was contrary to Russian antimonopoly legislation. The Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation found that in just one year, Energomashcorporation managed to buy up 10.8% of shares and more than 40% of Atommash loan debts, which, according to international standards, demonstrates a clear conflict of interest.
Head of the Administration of the Rostov Region V.F. Chub took advantage of the letter of the Ministry of Atomic Energy of Russia dated September 12, 1996 No. 03-2739 on the withdrawal of Atommash OJSC from the crisis in the interests of the activities of the External Manager of Atommash OJSC Stepanov A.Yu. In his address to the General Director of the FUDN Mostovoy P.P. dated September 19, 1996 No. 1/6049 Chub V.F. requested permission to write off, by reducing additional capital, the cost of fixed assets and unfinished construction projects of Atommash OJSC (according to the list) in the amount of 878 billion rubles. This led to a decrease in the enterprise's assets, the residual book value of which was already sharply underestimated. At the same time, Governor Chub V.F. did not have any authority from the majority of the shareholders of Atommash OJSC to make an official request to the General Director of the FUDN, P.P. Mostovoy. on approval of the devaluation and write-off of property that, according to the Law of the Russian Federation, was the property of thousands of equal shareholders, among whom the state itself owned 30% of the shares of Atommash OJSC.
However, in reality, the “Plan for external management for the financial rehabilitation of Atommash OJSC for the period from November 29, 1995 to May 29, 1997,” put into effect by decision of the Arbitration Court of the Rostov Region, did not lead to stabilization of the situation. Wage arrears continued to grow at the enterprise, the number of jobs was sharply reduced, and social tension grew in the city of Volgodonsk. Against the background of a sharp decrease in the physical availability and book value of assets, Atommash OJSC sharply increased specific gravity its accounts payable growing exponentially. Repeated markdowns and the sale for next to nothing of the property of Atommash OJSC played an extremely negative role, leading to a collapse in capitalization and the value of the industrial giant’s assets. The result of the obviously ineffective arbitration management at Atommash OJSC was the decision by the Arbitration Court of the Rostov Region to declare the enterprise bankrupt. Formally, Atommash OJSC was forcibly liquidated on November 25, 1999.
Thus, the bankruptcy of Atommash OJSC was actually carried out in the interests of the EMK-Atommash OJSC created on its premises, to which all the liquid property and production assets of Atommash OJSC were transferred. After the forced liquidation of Atommash OJSC, its unique property complex was owned by various affiliates of EMK-Atommash OJSC, including Energomash-Atommash LLC, and then Energomash-Atommash CJSC from the Energomash Group of Enterprises.
During the bankruptcy of Atommash, the low prices not just his assets. The workshops and technological equipment of the enterprise were leased to various limited liability partnerships (LLPs) on conditions that were obviously unprofitable for Atommash. Strategic raw materials, materials, components and semi-finished products were transferred to the LLP at many times lower prices. The products produced by these LLPs on the Atommash premises were sold with a profit only for the LLP and with damage (losses) for Atommash OJSC, to which these LLPs transferred their costs. Large non-core assets and vast territories belonging to Atommash, including agricultural enterprises with their lands, were also alienated.
The bankruptcy of a strategic enterprise for Russia caused a great resonance in the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation and in the Government of the Russian Federation. Thus, in his letter to the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, V.B. Khristenko. dated March 28, 2001 No. A21-1175, First Deputy Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation M.E. Fradkov requested an investigation into the actions Federal service Russia on financial recovery (bankruptcy) in relation to Atommash OJSC.
An audit of the facts of bankruptcy of Atommash OJSC, carried out by the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation on the basis of an appeal from the Committee on Industry, Construction, Transport and High Technologies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation dated October 21, 2000 No. 3.11-21/1312, established that with the participation of specific officials the state was inflicted a huge material damage. This confirms that the bankruptcy of Atommash OJSC was carried out with the aim of depriving the property of its main shareholders - the state itself and YACONTO Concern CJSC (Russia, Moscow), and, consequently, control over the management of the production, economic and financial-economic activities of the industrial giant . In particular, the state lost 30% of the shares of Atommash OJSC. Based on the results of the audit, the Board of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation issued the corresponding Resolution No. 6(289) dated February 22, 2002.
Mikhailov V.N., Minister of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy (1992–1998), recalled in 2008:
“...we could not hold Atommash. Having broken free into market freedom, this leading machine-building enterprise for nuclear power plants, deprived of industry life-giving support and financial support, has already within two years slipped into an economic hole from which it has not been able to climb out to this day. It is regrettable that the Atommash team did not repel a group of people making a personal dubious social and environmental career by fighting the construction of the Rostov nuclear power plant and slandering Russian nuclear energy and industry. Now, with the launch of the first unit of the Volgodonsk NPP, they are put to shame. The harm that was caused to the residents of Volgodonsk and the entire Don region remains on their conscience, of course, if they have one.<…>I was offended by the privatization of Atommash, without the knowledge of the minister, simply according to the laws and procedures that were then established by the governors, believing that nuclear scientists were a cash cow, and there would be no need to invest money there. So the country has lost the flagship of domestic mechanical engineering for nuclear power plants.”
12/25/2009 Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Lisitsyn A.I. sent to the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin. letter No. LIS-767/GD with a request to conduct an independent investigation into the bankruptcy of Atommash OJSC based on the audit of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation and the Resolution No. 6(289) dated February 22, 2002, issued by its Board. Deputy Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation V.Ya. Grin in his response dated 02/01/2010 No. 16/2-4315-07 to the State Duma of the Russian Federation, he reported that the Investigation Department at the Internal Affairs Directorate for Volgodonsk carried out an investigation into the bankruptcy of Atommash OJSC. However, the Internal Affairs Directorate did not take into account the materials of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, so the decision to refuse to initiate a criminal case was canceled and an additional inspection was ordered, which, in turn, also did not produce results. Not satisfied with the lack of results in organizing an independent objective investigation into the bankruptcy case of Atommash OJSC, 12/21/2010 Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Lisitsyn A.I. addressed the President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev. with a justified letter No. LIS-1282/GD, in which he asked to give a special instruction to the competent authorities to ensure the protection of the national interests of Russia during the inspection by the Control Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation (ref. No. A8-6296-5 dated November 2, 2010) of the deliberate bankruptcy of Atommash OJSC , which has no analogue in its scale. 07/08/2011 President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev gave Instruction No. Pr-1948 to the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin. consider the issue of acquiring the property complex of the former Atommash OJSC in the interests of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom, and the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation R.G. Nurgaliev. - conduct additional check materials on the deliberate bankruptcy of Atommash OJSC, presented by the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, and, if there are grounds, make an appropriate procedural decision.
Modernity
In conditions market relations Atommash OJSC becomes multi-industry. The company goes into production technological equipment for a number of industries and transport: oil refining, metallurgy, etc. Individual individual orders also began to be accepted for implementation: for the Sea Launch project, Atommash manufactured a 140-ton installer for lifting and installing the rocket on the launch pad. In 1998, the nuclear sector accounted for about 30% of the enterprise's production volumes, the second place was occupied by the manufacture of equipment for the metallurgical industry (25.2%), the third place was taken by equipment for the petrochemical industry (10.9%).
In the 2000s, 80% of the enterprise’s production volumes accounted for the manufacture of equipment for oil refining and gas chemistry, 10% for equipment for nuclear power plants and 10% for the production of components for gas turbines and other equipment. In the early 2000s, one of the main activities of the enterprise was the production of gate valves for main oil pipelines (since 1999), commissioned by Transneft AK, which was discontinued by the mid-2000s. Since 2002, at the facilities owned by the bankrupt Atommash OJSC, the serial production of gas turbines for low-power thermal power plants (up to 36 MW) has been carried out. By 2003, the number of employees at the plant had decreased to 4,300 people with a production volume of 1.4 billion rubles.
In 2004, the company's management announced a fourfold reduction in production output for nuclear energy enterprises and the focus of the main production on consumers in the gas industry. Since 2009, production of equipment for nuclear power plants has been resumed at the facilities of the former Atommash OJSC. Currently in Russia the company is a monopoly manufacturer of melt localization devices for nuclear power plants. In the future, it is possible at Atommash to organize the production of vessels for lead-bismuth fast reactors SVBR-100 (power 100 MW), developed by the Podolsk Design Bureau Gidropress for low- and medium-power nuclear power plants. Delivery of the first reactor is scheduled for 2014.
Among the largest regular customers of the enterprise are companies such as LUKOIL, Atomenergomash, GAZPROM, Rosneft, Severstal, Acron, NLMK, Eurochem, TNK-BP and many others.
On March 21, 2009, Sergei Kiriyenko again visited Atommash together with the Chairman Supervisory Board State Corporation "Rosatom" Sergei Sobyanin. Atommash is also interesting from the point of view of developing competition in the nuclear industry,- Kiriyenko said, – And Atommash can become a competitor not only for Russian, but also for foreign manufacturers of nuclear power plant equipment.
In November 2012, for the first time after a 26-year break, the branch of AEM Technologies CJSC in Volgodonsk (Atommash industrial site) began complete production nuclear reactor. The VVER-1200 type reactor, manufactured by the Volgodonsk Branch of AEM-Technologies JSC, will become the heart of the Baltic NPP reactor plant. This type of equipment is the main one for the plant, which was designed and built for the production of unique nuclear-related equipment.
10/18/2011 Deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation Lisitsyn A.I. sent to the President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev. letter No. LIS-1676/GD with a request to support the proposal of YACONTO LLC (Russia, Moscow) to restore the status quo of Atommash OJSC through the implementation of “Project-A” or an alternative option set out in the letter of YACONTO LLC to the President RF Medvedev D.A. (ref. No. 111018-A01 dated 10/18/2011). In response dated 04/06/2012 No. 1-13/12160 to YACONTO LLC, which is the full legal successor of YACONTO Concern CJSC and the majority shareholder of Atommash OJSC, to his appeal to the President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev. (out. No. 120227-A01 dated February 27, 2012) and on behalf of the Government Office of the Russian Federation, Deputy General Director of the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom K.B. reported that the State Corporation shares concerns about the current state of the Atommash production complex, which continues to be one of the largest power engineering enterprises in Russia, since orders are placed at the latter’s facilities for the production of equipment for the needs of the nuclear industry. The response from Rosatom State Corporation to YACONTO LLC also states that the issue of the possibility and procedure for implementing Project-A (to restore the status quo of Atommash OJSC) is under the jurisdiction of the Federal Agency for State Property Management (Rosimushchestvo). , whose competence, in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 5, 2008 No. 432, includes the protection of property and other rights and legitimate interests of the Russian Federation in the management of federal property.
The Investigative Committee of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs opened a criminal case against the owner of the Energomash Group of Enterprises, Alexander Stepanov (former Arbitration Manager of Atommash OJSC). Stepanov is accused of unauthorized receipt of a commercial loan in the amount of 12.7 billion rubles from Sberbank of Russia OJSC. The criminal prosecution of Alexander Stepanov was initiated following a personal statement from the President of Sberbank, German Gref. Upon completion of the investigation of the case, it was transferred to the Presnensky Court of Moscow (Case No. 1-149 / 2012, Article 30 Part 3, Article 159 Part 4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - fraud on an especially large scale and
Atommash is Russia's largest manufacturer of equipment for nuclear energy. The company is located in the city of Volgodonsk, Rostov region. Before the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, Atommashem produced more than 100 units of high-tech equipment for nuclear power plants, including 14 VVER-1000 reactors - the most common nuclear reactors in his series.
At different times, Atommash products were supplied to many nuclear power plants, including Rostov, Balakovo, Crimean and others.
1.
Since 2012, Atommash has been a branch of the engineering company AEM-Technologies, which is part of the Rosatom engineering division Atomenergomash. This is the only company in Russia that produces a complete set of equipment for the reactor hall of nuclear power plants.
2. A double-action sheet metal stamping press with a force of 15 thousand tons can stamp bottoms from flat stock up to 45 cm thick.
3. Vessel equipment production - reactor vessels are assembled and welded here.
4. In addition to equipment for the nuclear industry, Atommash produces equipment for the gas and petrochemical industries. These are mainly large pressure vessels, column equipment, and pipeline fittings.
5. A cylindrical shell made of two-layer metal is an integral part of an oil refining column for one of the large oil refineries. The diameter of the ring is about 10 meters.
6. Installation for automatic welding and surfacing under a layer of flux of internal circumferential and longitudinal welds on shells of various diameters.
7. In one pass, this installation can provide surfacing of a cladding layer of up to 8 mm.
9. An electric arc burns under a layer of flux between the end of the welding wire and the metal being welded.
10. The molten electrode and base metals are mixed in the weld pool. Crystallizing, they form a weld.
11. Assembly and welding area. Preparations are underway for control operations of the bottom component for the oil refining column. The diameter of the bottom is about 8 meters.
12. Manual arc welding fastening elements on the workpiece of the bottom of the oil refining column.
14. Thick-walled (up to 11 cm) shells with internal anti-corrosion surfacing are integral parts of the oil refining reactor body.
15.
16. To weld thick-walled workpieces, the weld zone is heated using electric heaters.
In this case, the temperature of the workpieces during welding should not be lower than 150°C.
17. Welding manipulator. Designed for welding and surfacing of circumferential seams of spherical and elliptical bottoms.
18. Circular seam welding in progress components bottom of an oil refining reactor.
19. The duration of the continuous welding process depends on the thickness of the parts being welded and can last more than 10 days.
20. Manual surfacing of the inner surface of the pipe on the semi-vessel of a nuclear reactor.
21. After welding operations, all welds grinding machines for subsequent control operations: color and ultrasonic flaw detection.
24. The unique machining center is capable of performing not only turning operations on heavy and large-sized workpieces, but also boring surfaces. The weight of this workpiece exceeds 169 tons.
27. The 12-meter-long steam generator body undergoes machining of holes on an INNSE horizontal boring machine.
28. This machining center can process holes along the entire length of the product from one installation.
29. Moving the reactor half-vessel weighing 170 tons to the next technological operation.
30. Turning of the edge of the steam generator bottom for welding.
31. Atommash has a large fleet of universal rotary lathes capable of processing workpieces with a diameter of up to 5 meters.
32. Flight of production of steam generators for nuclear power plants.
33. Heat exchange tubes inside the steam generator housing.
34. Saturation of the steam generator with internal elements and devices.
35. About 11 thousand heat exchange tubes - coils - must be installed inside the steam generator housing and welded to the collectors.
36. Welders.
40. An assembly of two shells with a diameter of over 10 meters with stiffening elements. This node will soon become integral part huge oil refining column.
41. The area of the enterprise is 170 hectares. The length of the production building is 800 meters. Therefore, employees (mainly line personnel) ride service bicycles along special bicycle paths.
42. Creating an edge for welding on an internal hole using mechanical processing - boring.
43. The operation is performed on the machine according to a given program.
44. Only computer-controlled machines make it possible to accurately, with specified parameters, make repeating holes in thick-walled shells.
45. A unique process for flaring heat exchange tubes inside the steam generator manifold. Specialists need to flare, and then automatically weld and control 11 thousand heat exchange pipes in the manifold.
46. To identify defects in thick-walled products with a wall thickness of up to 45 cm, radiographic inspection installations are used. The photo shows the process of preparing an underground X-ray chamber, into which the product will soon be placed for inspection.
47. Hydraulic tests of a nuclear reactor are carried out in a specially equipped underground stand.
48. The stand provides pressure over 250 atmospheres and heats specially prepared water to 80°C. It is under these conditions that reactors for nuclear power plants are tested.
49. To move the manufactured equipment inside the housing, overhead cranes of various lifting capacities are used. These particular cranes are located at shipping positions. Capable of working in pairs and lifting products weighing up to 1200 tons.
50. Slinger.
51. Assembly and welding area for the manufacture of reactor internals.
52. The process of inspecting welded joints using color flaw detection technology.
53. In October 2015, Atommash manufactured and shipped the first reactor vessel of the VVER-1200 type for unit No. 1 of the Belarusian NPP. In December 2015, the company manufactured a set of MKP-1000 steam generators for unit No. 4 of the Rostov NPP. Today, work is underway on a set of equipment for the Belarusian NPP Unit No. 2.
Many thanks to the public relations department of AEM Technologies JSC for organizing the photo shoot!
For any questions regarding the use of photographs, please email.
“When the evil winds go to sleep somewhere far, far away in the Salsk steppes and the red veil of invisible grains of sand they raised falls away, a green-blue chain of buildings opens up on the edge of a young beautiful city. It’s as if the Tsimlyansk Sea itself splashed out into the steppe and froze into clear cubes and parallelepipeds. This is Atommash. He grew up here so that, by the will of the party and the people, he would become a giant of the domestic power engineering industry with a well-functioning continuous production nuclear installations of various types and capacities.”
This is a quote from the book “I am Atommash”, 1987 edition. The Chernobyl disaster had already happened and perestroika was in full swing, but the authors of the collection were still living with the sensations of the previous era. The era of large all-Union construction projects, grandiose plans to commission dozens of nuclear power plants - the need to solve colossal tasks instilled in people confidence in tomorrow and a sense of the importance of the work they are doing. “The plant was built and produced equipment at the same time,” says Chief Engineer“Atommash” Alexander Fridrikhovich Groo. - There was no stagnation here - people worked and always achieved some result. And imagine, then my colleagues from the party committee, who know me like crazy, come to me, a young energy worker, and say: “Have you started to rebuild?” Why do I need this? I have worked and continue to work; I have no time to change. Some kind of uncertainty appeared, and after all this came collapse. Now, for me, already a middle-aged power engineer, and for my comrades, confidence is returning again: after a quarter of a century, we returned home - to Rosatom.”
At today's Atommash, all these emotions - hope and determination, confidence and active activity - are striking. Meeting more with techies, I saw: people really feel this and, most importantly, they know what they are doing, they know how their plant will grow. I fell under the spell of the important work that these people are doing here now, as, probably, once upon a time, in the mid-80s, the authors of the collection “I am Atommash”.
“You write correctly about our plant,” demanded the factory driver who met me at the Rostov airport, “otherwise even my neighbors don’t believe that we have everything alive at the plant, they are lying that there is no roof in the workshop, the windows are broken, all the machines are stolen or they were destroyed, but we gave away a Soviet one for a new reactor. I tell them: go to the factory yourself, you old fools, there are excursions there, children, students go, and you and them - who cares. Write - they will believe the Moscow magazine.” The reason for the trip to Atommash was the shipment of a VVER reactor vessel for the Belarusian NPP - the first one produced at the plant after an almost thirty-year break and the first post-Soviet one not made by Izhora Plants - an enterprise that was never part of the Rosatom structure.
City near Krasny Yar
Atommash was to become the largest and most technologically advanced plant in the world for the production of nuclear equipment, where it was planned to establish conveyor production of large-sized housing products. It was conceived back in the 1960s, when the rising Soviet economy began to face a growing shortage of electricity, and, having calculated energy balances, business executives decided to cover it in the European part of the country through the massive commissioning of nuclear power units based on VVER reactors. It was assumed that three to four sets of equipment per year would be produced by the Izhora Plants, which had already gained momentum at that time, and up to eight by the future Atommash. In 1969, a decree was issued by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the construction of the Volgodonsk Heavy Engineering Plant, and a year and a half later construction began. The city of Volgodonsk itself grew in the late 1940s along with the Volga-Don shipping canal, another grandiose construction project of socialism - then a port was built here, a center for convenient transport logistics with access through the Don and Volga to all the border seas of the European part of the Union, and during With the construction of a new plant, the city actually experienced its rebirth.
At first things went slowly: they walked excavation, to Krasny Yar, a place not far from the city, infrastructure was being pulled up, but after the adoption of the technical project in 1974 and the announcement of the construction of the All-Union Komsomol, things went much faster. The catalyst for this colossal undertaking is said to be Viktor Vasilyevich Krotov, one of the main initiators and supervisors of the construction of the plant. He is one of those great technocrats, almost unknown today, to whom we should be grateful for creating the industrial and energy infrastructure of the country that we still use today. At first, Viktor Krotov oversaw Atommash as First Deputy Minister of Heavy, Energy and Transport Engineering of the USSR, and since 1975 - as Minister of Energy Engineering of the USSR. And if in 1975 13 thousand builders and installers worked on the construction of the plant, then two years later, including through his efforts, there were 27 thousand.
Mikhail Fedorovich Tarelkin, the second director of Atommash, as Vladimir Borisovich Kozlov, curator of the plant museum and former deputy head of the enterprise’s hull equipment, recalls, did not have to convince the minister for long that already at the construction stage it was necessary to begin training specialists for the main production: “For this purpose, young people from different institutes were sent to a special faculty of MIPT, where they were taught how to handle the equipment of the primary circuit of nuclear power plants, then they were trained at the Izhora plant, and the most intelligent of them later took leadership positions here.”
The plant was innovative for its time. The idea was this, explains Alexander Groo: to group technological flows in such a way that logistics to reduce costs in the organization technological process was optimal. It was assumed that the workpiece goes into one end of the vessel body, and the finished reactor comes out at the other. The first building, 720 meters long and with an area of about 30 hectares, is organized in this way; it houses production lines for the main equipment of the entire primary circuit: the reactor, the steam generator, separators-superheaters, and other related devices.
“In our time, this approach has significantly simplified the task of specialists restoring nuclear production at the plant and introducing production system“Rosatom”, aimed at qualitatively increasing labor productivity,” the technical director of the enterprise, Andrei Anatolyevich Marchenko, told Expert. In the 1970s, the creation of such technological lines brought with it new construction technologies - to speed up construction, a joint design and construction scheme was used, and the usual practice of building a building, and only then attaching equipment to it, was turned upside down: At Atommash, the best machines in the world were first selected for the technological lines being built (60 percent were imported from abroad), and under them the builders erected communications and a frame, and at the end they were covered with prefabricated frame-type material - sandwich panels and soft roofing . Moreover, they planned, thinking about the prospects for decades: ordering machine tools, planning workshops - everything was done with the expectation of producing reactor vessels of up to two gigawatts of unit power, that is, twice as much as that of the serial VVER-1000.
Matchbox strategy
Construction went on around the clock. The construction headquarters was headed by the second secretary of the regional committee, members of the Central Committee and ministerial workers came one after another, from ministries - all with engineering experience, says chief engineer Groo: “The same Krotov, upon arrival, immediately went to the workshops, he had a habit that at first seemed funny: Walking through the workshops, he wrote something on a matchbox - and how much, it would seem, could be written there? But after that, he put it, covered with some kind of signs, in front of him and, looking only at these notes, held very efficient technical meetings - he knew his brainchild so thoroughly that he could set both tactical and strategic tasks, using only insignificant clues.” .
In 1979, shells - blanks for the reactor vessel - were brought to Atommash from Izhora Plants, where the entire domestic metallurgical and mechanical engineering base for the production of VVER reactor units was then concentrated. Despite careful previous preparation, many surprises were encountered during the manufacture of the first reactor vessel at the new site, recalls Vladimir Kozlov. To work on a critical product, skilled specialists had to be sought throughout the Union; professionals were even attracted from Komsomolsk-on-Amur, where they assembled atomic submarines. “Although theoretically we were well prepared, in practice many nuances baffled us, the Izhorians helped us a lot then and literally led us on a short leash in order to cope with all the difficulties.” As a result, already in 1981, the first Atommash reactor plant went to the South Ukrainian Nuclear Power Plant, where it is still being successfully operated.
If the chronicle of the construction of Atommash is described in detail, then less is known about the plans and even the start of construction here, in Volgodonsk, of another enterprise - Energomash, which is not inferior to Atommash in terms of the grandeur of its scope. It was assumed that the Don analogue of the Izhora Plants should be located on an area of more than two square kilometers, that is, a metallurgical and machine-building complex with steelmaking and rolling divisions passing the baton of products to the metalworking and machine-building shops. This industrial giant was supposed to employ more than 20 thousand people, but at first Atommash, drawing on all resources, slowed down this project, and it finally stopped after the honorable removal in 1983 of Viktor Krotov, the main Volgodonsk lobbyist, from his ministerial post. Kramatorsk Energomashspetsstal, located approximately 450 kilometers from Volgodonsk, was ordered to fit into a single production complex with Atommash, which was left without its metallurgy. Energomash as a metallurgical project finally came to a standstill after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which intensified the beginning decline of the Soviet economy.
"Atommash" in Soviet time managed to produce 13 reactors - five VVER-1000 are now operating at Ukrainian nuclear power plants, two thousand units in Russia - at the Rostov and Balakovo nuclear power plants, another AST-500 was installed in Gorky at a nuclear power plant that never started operating, and five buildings remained unclaimed from -for stopping the construction of nuclear power plants after Chernobyl.
Left without orders from the nuclear industry, factory workers reconfigured some of the idle lines to produce equipment for oil and gas workers, chemists and metallurgists. In accordance with the trends of that time, they began to produce consumer goods - trunks for Zhiguli cars, metal products for school furniture. Later, under the Tenancy Act 1989, which labor collective could lease his enterprise from the state, the plant was divided into a hundred enterprises, which began to be surrounded by fences right inside the workshops. In the mid-1990s, the enterprise went bankrupt, and Energomashcorporation took over the management. There are different attitudes towards this holding, which united many enterprises, including key ones for the nuclear industry, such as Podolsk ZiO, which is now part of Rosatom, says Alexander Groo. But at the initial stage, the head of this company and former director of Atommash, Vladimir Gerasimovich Ovchar, “pulled the plant out of a deep dive”, managed to stop the complete dispersion of assets and the collapse of the enterprise: all cooperatives were squeezed out, the main equipment of the plant was preserved, barter funds appeared for the purchase of metal and promotion of the plant as a manufacturer of large-sized products, orders came from oil and gas workers, and the production of spare parts for nuclear power plants continued. Gradually, the assets of Energomashcorporation were taken over by Alexander Stepanov, who already in the 2000s launched a grandiose project to create hundreds of small gas turbine thermal power plants in Russia and created at the enterprise, a new for Atommash, production of gas turbines themselves, as a result of which, according to plant workers, firstly, a core of professionals was retained under him, and secondly, many young people were trained, who continue to work at the plant today. About 120 turbines were assembled, but most of them were built incorrectly marketing strategy it remained gathering dust in the workshops (for more details, see “How to remove Chernobyl damage”, “Expert” No. 6, 2013).
In 2009, Rosatom made its first attempt to buy the assets of Atommash, but they were stuck due to the debts of Energomashcorporation, which was under bankruptcy proceedings, and the deal fell through.
Core trap
By this time, Rosatom desperately needed Atommash. The fact is that the corporation was always aware of its vulnerability and dependence on the only manufacturer of cabinet equipment on the “nuclear island” at that time - Izhora Plants, which since 1996 has been part of the Uralmash-Izhora group (United Machine-Building Plants, OMZ , controlled by Gazprombank since 2006. - “Expert”). Therefore, the atomic department, after the arrival of Sergei Kiriyenko as its head in 2005, as part of the strategy of creating a full-cycle nuclear corporation, from the mining and enrichment of uranium, the production of mechanical engineering products and the construction of nuclear power plants to their decommissioning and disposal of radioactive waste, began to create the missing link - power engineering division "Atomenergomash" (AEM). In 2006, Rosatom proposed to Gazprombank to create a joint venture for the production of the main equipment of the primary circuit of nuclear power plants, but the deal did not take place, since, according to our information, Gazprombank allegedly did not like the idea of \u200b\u200bmoving the assets of the joint venture offshore under the control of Rosatom.
Relations with OMZ became strained against the backdrop of Rosatom’s then-overly optimistic, in the opinion of many experts, nuclear power plant construction program, which required rapid production of equipment, leaving no time for organizing competitive production. It was not unreasonably said in the atomic department that the owners of Izhora Plants are trying to shift the solution of their problems to consumers, including in the price of products the modernization of their enterprises and their own inefficiency, which persists precisely due to the lack of conditions for competitiveness on the inside. Russian market. Without an alternative supplier, putting pressure on the only manufacturer of primary circuit vessel equipment (reactor, steam generator and a number of large-sized critical products, such as, for example, a core melt trap, which has become required by default at every new nuclear power plant in order to improve safety) was practically useless, according to at least, this was the opinion of Rosatom, which was forced to make the final decision to develop its own power engineering industry, starting with the consolidation of disparate plants included in its own structure based on AEM technologies. Since none of these enterprises were suitable for the production of reactor vessels, steam generators and other technological vessels, and problems arose with the purchase of Atommash, it was decided to adapt Petrozavodskmash (PMZ), an enterprise for the production of paper-making machines located in the moment of purchase in 2010 in a difficult situation.
Market observers took the subsequent win by AEM Technologies (with basic production at PMZ) of the Rosatom tender for the supply of two reactor vessels for the Baltic NPP extremely painfully, in particular due to the lack of tender documentation conditions for the availability of references from the manufacturer. To be fair, it is worth noting that at negotiations at various levels, OMZ, according to experts who know this market, took a far from constructive position on pricing issues even before the tender, at which Izhora Plants set a price of 1.7 billion rubles, and AEM -Technologies”, based, according to the company, on estimates of world auditors, - 0.9 billion (for more details, see “An expensive way to buy cheap”, “Expert” No. 50 for 2010). Meanwhile, such a step on the part of Rosatom, which could be assessed to a certain extent as a bluff, led to the fact that the offer of AEM Technologies became the base on the Russian market and for subsequent trading. This does not prevent Izhora from fulfilling its obligations to manufacture five reactor vessels and many other important equipment for Russian and foreign nuclear power plants under various Rosatom projects. Moreover, the corporation will not be able to implement its plans in the foreseeable future without Izhora Plants, even taking into account Atommash, the inclusion of which into Atomenergomash marks the formation of its own vertically integrated full-cycle power engineering complex. Nevertheless, we can apparently say that OMZ lost to Rosatom in the corporate battle. It is now almost impossible to change its results, given the support of Rosatom at the highest government level. The monopoly of the Izhora factories has been broken.
In the same 2010, Rosatom acquired the Ukrainian Energomashspetsstal in Kramatorsk, which worked in Soviet times in a single technological connection with Atommash. Naturally, this step was regarded as a blow to the division of the Uralmash-Izhora group OMZ-Spetsstal, which at that time was a monopoly Russian manufacturer metallurgical blanks for reactor vessels and steam generators. In Rosatom itself, the creation of a similar plant and development of the necessary technological background from scratch - instead of purchasing a ready-made enterprise - was estimated at billions of dollars and it was believed that launching and debugging a new production could take more than five years. It is surprising that having purchased the assets of this high-quality metallurgical enterprise - one of the few successful high-tech acquisitions abroad in practice Russian enterprises, according to experts from leading world-class metallurgical organizations, such as the St. Petersburg NPO Prometheus or the capital's TsNIITMASH, Rosatom was forced to make excuses five years ago. Now, during the period of unfortunate tension between Russia and Ukraine due to the irrepressible opportunistic-bureaucratic love for the Motherland and anonymous letters from patriots, many are completely trying to keep silent about the existence of this now by no means an import-substituting asset. Of course, the geographic proximity of Kramatorsk to Slavyansk should not give the owners of EMSS optimism, but in recent years the Ukrainian enterprise has not missed a single delivery either under global agreements (this is more than 70% of the plant’s supplies) or under Russian contracts. Billets for VVER-1200 reactors and steam generators for the same Belarusian NPP and RITM-200 reactors (the offer price for blanks for ship reactors from the domestic OMZ-Spetsstal was almost twice as high as that of EMSS) for new Russian icebreakers were delivered on time. Additional guarantees against disruption of supplies to Russia are the lobbying capabilities of Rosatom itself, which provides fuel and technological support for the operation of more than 15 nuclear reactors at five operating Ukrainian nuclear power plants, which today provide almost two-thirds of the electricity produced in the neighboring country.
New wave people
In 2012, Rosatom took Atommash under its control and announced plans to transfer the production of hull equipment from Petrozavodsk to Volgodonsk. “Many comrades had doubts about our plant,” Yuri Etingen, the company’s quality director, shares with me. - Moreover, Atommash went through a difficult period when core production stopped. But we have been manufacturing equipment for nuclear power plants for three years now, and I, as the person sitting in this place, am confident that we are doing it efficiently.” According to him, industry guidelines dictate that if a product is being manufactured at a company for the first time or after a long break, then the volume of control points should be at least 50% of the total number of technological operations. For equipment produced for the Belarusian NPP (in addition to the reactor there are four more steam generators), this figure reached 80–90%. So at various stages of production, the reactor vessel alone passes 315 so-called control points, collecting four times as many signatures from responsible persons.
Yuri Etingen is 34 years old, he has been working at the plant for the last eight years, they are the same age as technical director Andrei Marchenko, and both from that wave of young people who came to the enterprise already in the 2000s. Etingen says that in his department, more than half of the specialists managed to work back in the 1980s, and they are well versed in the specifics of the production of hull equipment for a nuclear island, where the manufacture of the product itself takes only 40% of the time, and 60% is spent on its control at various stages of technological redistribution.
“As for personnel, Atommash is in an advantageous position compared to other machine-building enterprises,” supports his colleague Andrei Marchenko. - At key stages: at welding work, in machining, assembly, in the design bureau - there were people with thirty or even forty years of work experience, and next to us, young people, but already with Atommash’s leaven. Other machine builders complain that they have pensioners and pioneers - some can no longer do anything, while others still can’t do anything. Our situation is unique, and we, thirty and forty years old, were lucky: we had and still have experienced teachers, and we already know how to do a lot ourselves, and each new shipment of a product created with our own hands gives us more confidence. At the risk of sounding pretentious, I will still say: we already understand that we are involved in an important cause, that we have touched the miracle of creation. Let's make history. And most importantly, we see that Atommash has prospects and a clear portfolio of orders. We can see the way."
STORY
Atommash was built for the purpose of complete production of equipment for nuclear power plants. The design capacity of the plant, upon completion of all construction production capacity, could allow the production of up to eight sets of pressurized water power reactors with a capacity of 1000 MW. (VVER-1000) During the years of rapid development of the nuclear industry in the Soviet Union, in the 80s, Atommash reached the level of manufacturing four sets of nuclear power plant equipment per year. During this time, more than 100 units were produced large equipment NPP. These are reactors, steam generators, transport and technological equipment, pressure compensators, reloading machines, and biological protection equipment.
November 26, 1969- Resolution of the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers on the construction of the Volgodonsk Heavy Engineering Plant (VZTM).
May 22, 1970- By Order No. 190, the Ministry of Heavy Energy and Transport Engineering of the USSR organized a commission to select sites for the construction of Mintyazhmash factories in the area of the city of Volgodonsk.
April 26, 1971 at Vasily Aleksandrovich Lyapustin, a complex of nuclear engineering plants under construction in Volgodonsk, was appointed director of the Main Directorate of Nuclear Engineering and Boiler Making.
1972 Designed by Technical project plant It was reviewed by the expertise of the Ministry of Heavy Machinery and the Main State Expertise of the USSR State Construction Committee and approved in 1974.
1974 Start of construction of the plant. The construction site was declared an All-Union Komsomol project. At the same time as the plant, the city was being built. Financing of all work was carried out under the title of Atommash.
December 18, 1976 The first stage of building No. 3 is put into operation. On this occasion, a rally was held, and the launch of building No. 3 was timed to coincide with L.I.’s birthday. Brezhnev).
1978– Completion of construction of the first stage of production building No. 1.
1979- Start of work on the manufacture of the reactor vessel in the 1st production building.
October 1, 1981 The vessel of the first Donskoy reactor was sent to the South Ukrainian Nuclear Power Plant.
1991– The plant manufactured 13 reactor vessels and more than one hundred units of reactor plant equipment. Atommash also acted as a supplier of transport and technological equipment and reloading machines for nuclear power plants. The production of large equipment for petrochemical and metallurgy was carried out.
1997– Entry into the production structure of the Energomash group. Start of work on a project for the manufacture of basic equipment for the construction of gas turbine thermal power plants.
2001 – 2012– Manufacturing of gas turbine equipment for low-power gas turbine thermal power plants. Production of large oil and gas equipment for oil refining and petrochemical industries.
year 2012– The plant became a production branch of CJSC Engineering Company “AEM-Technologies”, St. Petersburg. The plant is part of the machine-building division of OJSC Atomenergomash of the state corporation Rosatom and cooperates with partner enterprises in the nuclear industry. The branch's production facility is implementing a program to restore the production of equipment for nuclear power plants. Key equipment is manufactured such as a reactor plant, steam generators, a melt trap, main circulation pump housings, and transport and technological equipment for four nuclear power plants: Baltic, Novovoronezh, Leningrad, Rostov and Belarusian.
year 2013- In August, transport and technological equipment was delivered - a transport gateway assembly for Novovoronezh NPP-2. In October, the Branch supplied a melt localization device for the first nuclear power plant under construction in Belarus. The order has been opened and is being processed. technological preparation manufacturing a reactor for the Belarusian NPP.
IN 2013 year in enterprise developmentMore than 500 million rubles were invested. An OKUMA computerized processing center, welding heads for modernizing automatic welding installations, equipment for performing single-layer electroslag surfacing, transport for technological transportation, and an installation for eddy current monitoring of steam generators were purchased.
In 2014 – 2015 The company continues to implement a modernization program. As part of the program, the main machining centers, gantry rotary machines and other machining equipment were re-equipped modern systems CNC and high-performance cutting tools. Welding stands, portals and manipulators are equipped with the latest generation welding heads.
The only hydraulic sheet stamping press in Russia with a capacity of 15,000 ton-force has been modernized, which allows stamping bottoms with a diameter of up to 5,000 mm and a sheet thickness of up to 3,800 mm.
Modernized equipment for heat treatment, represented by chamber-type gas furnaces, including shaft furnaces, and a hardening complex, ensures the hardening and tempering of large-sized parts.
To resume the full production cycle of steam generators, a pipe bending complex was put into operation, allowing for complete automatic mode manufacture pipe sets that include 11 thousand heat exchange coils of more than one hundred and twenty different configurations.
Also in the production area, a finishing assembly area for steam generators was built. Here, on special stands, heat exchange coils are welded to the coolant collector. Welding is carried out in a fully automatic mode using specialized welding equipment. In the finishing assembly area, two steam generators can be assembled simultaneously.
In October 2015 and the manufacture of the reactor vessel for the first power unit of the Belarusian NPP has been completed. This is the first reactor vessel manufactured at the production site of the Atommash plant after an almost 30-year break and the first one produced within the Rosatom State Corporation.
In December 2015, also after a long break, the production of a set of steam generators for the Rostov Nuclear Power Plant was completed.
We continue to introduce you to history of Volgodonsk. As far as you remember, birth of a new city was closely connected with the founding of the giant plant Atommash.
Exactly Atommash turned Volgodonsk to the center of the All-Union shock Komsomol construction. What brought me into the middle 70s mass arrival of young people into the city.
It was not by chance that our young city was chosen as the location for the construction of the plant. Its location was strategically convenient - the possibility of using the Volga-Don Canal made transportation of workpieces and finished products much cheaper.
Atommash was created primarily as a specialized enterprise for the production of products for nuclear energy.
In March 1973 By order of the Minister, the Volgodonsk Heavy Engineering Plant (VZTM) was renamed the Volgodonsk Nuclear Power Engineering Plant - Atommash. From that moment on, the history of the plant began, which thundered throughout the country. It was he who brought the “third youth” to our city.
By that time, about 13 thousand people. The first director of the plant Atommash Was assigned Mikhail Fedorovich Tarelkin. In March 1975 construction Atommash was declared a shock Komsomol construction project.
“You were born in Volgodonsk. So carry through your whole life love for your hometown, respect for the good deeds of your fellow countrymen, bow to the hardworking hands of your father and mother, who built the beautiful city, erected the miracle hero Atommash. Be a worthy heir to their labor glory and labor honor! Walk firmly along the path of life indicated by the great Lenin. Remember that life is not measured by the years lived, but by the good that each of us has done for people and left a mark on Earth.”
Introduction to chapter No. 2 of the book “I am Atommash”.
December 22, 1975 The first column was installed on the main building. And already in June the first floor block of the main building was raised to the design level and installed. His weight reached 76 tons, the area was measured in 540 square meters. In a year, in 1977, production was launched. A in 1981 the first reactor was produced for 2nd power unit South Ukrainian Nuclear Power Plant.
The third building was also erected in record time. April 7, 1976 In building No. 3, concrete was laid in the foundation for the equipment. The first machine was installed in October, and December 17 the corps entered service. There, on the square in 30 thousand square meters, located 4 workshops pre-production:
- mechanical repair,
- non-standardized equipment workshop,
- electrical repair,
- instrumental.
Two years later, the construction of the plant Atommash in Volgodonsk worked harder 27 thousand builders and installers. And while the construction of one giant was underway, the city began to prepare for another grandiose construction project.
April 25, 1979 The first stone of the Energomash plant was laid. According to its creators, it was supposed to produce steam generators and hot water installations for the oil industry, as well as products for nuclear power plants.
In 1981 the first piles were installed for the giant, which was supposed to become larger Atommash. But the far-reaching plans of the designers were never destined to come true.
One of the reasons for stopping the construction of Energomash was the possible subsidence of the soil under the plant. And to it was added the fact that a cheaper way was found to increase the output of oil wells. All these events played a direct role in the completion of work at this site.
In November 1982 production association Atommash was given a name L.I. Brezhnev . His general director Was assigned Vladimir Gerasimovich Ovchar.
At the end 1985 Atommash workers produced the world's first atomic AST-500 reactor. He was sent to the city of Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod). After its release, similar products began to be mass-produced at the plant.
By that time the workers Atommash has already been made:
- three MPS-1000 reloading machines,
- three reactor vessels,
- four steam generators assembled.
The State Quality Mark was awarded to six products for nuclear power plants. It is worth saying that at the beginning of the 80s the team set itself the task of producing all samples of products for nuclear power plants only with the Quality Mark.
Besides, since 1977 13 kilometers from Volgodonsk construction started Rostov nuclear power plant . It was planned that it would become a place of work for many construction teams who Atommash will move to the station.
The Rostov nuclear power plant was called a regional Komsomol shock construction site, where young people from Atommash. Also, along with the construction and implementation of government orders, in 1986 The company began producing a number of consumer goods:
- parts for VAZ car,
- school furniture items.
But already in those years the plant began to experience difficult times. After the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, orders for the nuclear industry began to fall sharply. Residents of the city categorically advocated stopping the construction of the Rostov nuclear power plant.
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