All work at production facilities must be carried out in compliance with industrial safety rules. Enterprises develop special documents that describe the procedure for carrying out technological processes and the duties of the personnel who carry them out.
This document is production instructions, the content of which is established by the Federal Standards and Rules (FNP).
For which objects is the development of production instructions mandatory?
Manufacturing Instructions are developed at enterprises engaged in construction (meaning both the construction of an object and its reconstruction, conservation, technical re-equipment, operation or liquidation) of such objects as:
- HPF (hazardous production facilities).
- Power industry.
- Operating electrical, thermal installations or networks, as well as hydraulic structures.
- Manufacturing or repairing (including installation, adjustment, maintenance work):
- technological equipment used at hazardous facilities;
- vehicles transporting hazardous substances.
When developing production instructions, consider:
- qualification requirements (sources - directories, standards, etc.);
- features of technological processes of production.
Instructions are intended for workers, are stored at enterprises at workplaces and can be issued to an employee against signature.
For staff, knowledge of production instructions is a must!
Checking knowledge of production instructions
Certification of employees, during which knowledge is tested on:
- general industrial safety requirements;
- special issues that relate to the competence of the employee;
- energy security requirements;
- safety requirements of hydraulic structures -
carried out before the admission of employees to independent work at the facility.
Contents of the production instruction
The text of the production instruction may differ at each specific enterprise, depending on its specifics, type of work, technological processes, etc.
- General information.
- Passing instruction, testing knowledge.
- Communication with other workplaces.
- Duties of the employee, as well as his rights and responsibilities.
- Notes on the acceptance and delivery of the shift.
- Description of the specific workplace, equipment installed, materials used.
- Technological scheme of the technological process.
- Records of equipment start and stop.
- Possible deviations from the normal course of the technological process, methods for solving problems.
- Equipment emergency stop marks.
- Rules for safe work.
The text part of the instruction may be accompanied by diagrams and drawings, for example, technological diagrams, etc.
The document is approved by the head of the enterprise or organization responsible for the operation of the facility.
17.1. At the production site there must be:
a) job descriptions for all employees, specialists, engineers and managers;
b) instructions on specialties for employees of all professions of the enterprise;
c) instructions for the types of work performed.
17.2 Instruction on labor protection - a normative act that establishes the requirements for labor protection when performing work in industrial premises, on the territory of the enterprise, on construction sites and in other places where these works are performed or official duties are performed.
Labor protection instructions can be typical for employees of enterprises, sites and a particular workplace.
17.3. Instructions on labor protection can be developed both for workers of certain professions, and for certain types works.
17.4. Instructions for workers engaged in blasting, maintenance of electrical installations and devices, hoisting machines, boiler plants, pressure vessels, and for other workers whose labor safety requirements are established in intersectoral regulations on labor protection, approved by supervisory and controlling bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan are developed on the basis of these acts and approved in the manner established by these bodies.
17.5. The requirements of normative acts on labor protection, included in the instructions, must be set out in relation to a specific workplace and the actual working conditions of the employee.
17.6. For new productions being put into operation, it is allowed to develop temporary instructions for employees. Temporary instructions should ensure the safe conduct of technological processes (works) and the safe operation of equipment. The same requirements apply to the development of temporary instructions as to the development of permanent instructions for employees. Temporary instructions are developed both by profession and by type of work for a period until the acceptance of these industries for operation by the state acceptance commission.
17.7. Instructions for employees are approved by the head of the enterprise after preliminary consultations with the labor protection service, and, if necessary, with other interested services and officials at the discretion of the labor protection service.
17.8. Each instruction must be given a name and a number. The title should briefly indicate for which profession or type of work it is intended.
17.9. Checking instructions for workers by profession or type of work for compliance with their requirements in force state standards, safety rules, sanitary norms and rules, hygiene standards should be carried out at least once every 5 years, and for professions and types of work associated with increased danger - at least once every 3 years. If necessary, proposals for their updating are developed.
Before the expiration of the specified periods, the instructions are revised when legislative acts, state standards and other regulatory documents on labor safety are changed.
Development of Production Instructions! Full Schedule!
By order of higher authorities; when introducing new equipment and technology; according to the results of the investigation occupational injury, accidents, disasters; when it changes standard instruction; when changing the technological process or working conditions, as well as when using new types of equipment, materials, apparatus, fixtures and tools.
Responsibility for the timely verification and revision of the instructions lies with the heads of the development departments.
If during the above period the working conditions of employees at the enterprise have not changed, then by order (instruction) for the enterprise, the operation of the instruction for employees is extended for the next period, which is recorded on the first page of the instruction (the “Revised” stamp is put, the date and signature of the person responsible for reviewing the instructions).
The heads of enterprises provide instructions to all employees and heads of interested departments (services) of the enterprise.
17.10. The issuance of instructions to the heads of departments (services) must be carried out by the labor protection service with registration in the journal for issuing instructions.
17.11. The head of the subdivision (service) of the enterprise must constantly keep a set of instructions in force in the subdivision (service) for employees of all professions and for all types of work of this subdivision (service), as well as a list of these instructions approved by the head of the enterprise.
17.12. Each site manager, foreman, etc. there should be a set of current instructions for workers employed in this area, for all professions and types of work.
17.13 Instructions to employees can be handed out, against signature in the briefing log for study during the initial briefing, or posted at workplaces or areas, or stored in another place accessible to employees.
Publication date: 2015-10-09; Read: 2521 | Page copyright infringement
I consider my most valuable quality to be the ability to arouse enthusiasm in people and develop what is best in a person by recognizing his merits and encouraging him. (Charles Schwab, American manager)
ISO 9000 Work instructions
Askarov E.S. Associate Professor KazNTU named after. K. Satpaeva
Work instructions represent the third (lower) level of quality system documents. These instructions describe step by step how a specific simple operation of manufacturing, assembling, installing equipment, maintaining it in working condition, etc. can be carried out.
Also, work instructions specify how product quality can be controlled, what means can be used, what measuring equipment can be used, etc.
Organizational standards (company standards) are mainly used as work instructions. Here it should be noted that according to the law "On technical regulation", which came into force in Kazakhstan in 2005, the implementation of standards becomes voluntary, the state will exercise control over the safety of products for the health of consumers through technical regulations. Companies will be able to manage their own economic activity, guided by the interests of their business, for this it is necessary to be able to draw up their own regulatory documents, their own standards, the number of which will increase significantly. When drawing up standards, it is necessary to be guided by the requirements of the standard ST RK 1.5 - 2004. " General requirements to the construction, presentation, design and content of standards.
The main standards of organizations:
1. Production of project products
The organization shall establish, plan and maintain processes life cycle design products:
— marketing,
- analysis of contracts,
– development of a project for the production of design products,
— purchases related to the production of project products,
— production of design products,
- sales of products.
2. Production of engineering services (installation, design work)
3. Standards for regulating the implementation of auxiliary processes of the QMS
3.1. Resource management
It is used in the process of managing resources required in the main production. Resources are:
- people (staff)
— infrastructure (buildings, working space, communications),
- suppliers and partners,
natural resources, raw materials,
- equipment, tools, means of production, etc.
3.2. Process and Product Evaluation Metrics
It is used to evaluate products, their production processes and auxiliary processes in the QMS. Metrics are documents with information about the current state of an object and a forecast for the future.
Types of metrics:
A) marketing metrics,
B) Project metrics: c associated with the policy of the organization, financial metrics, metrics of labor costs and time characteristics, metrics on product defects in the production process,
C) End product metrics: n design products, engineering services, software products,
D) Metrics of quality management processes: o general metrics of quality management processes, customer satisfaction metrics.
Indicators in metrics are evaluated on the basis of a point, absolute or relative system:
- absolute units (for example, hours, tenge, kW, etc.)
— relative units- for example, as a percentage, etc.
The choice of tool for visualizing the characteristics of products and processes depends on the creativity of the organization, and best of all it should be computerized documents in EXCEL format.
The simplest metric is a summary of indicators according to some criteria that determine the effectiveness of work for certain period year, quarter, month.
Example. The enterprise produces wallpaper, to determine the efficiency of work, a metric of product quality indicators is compiled, three types of products are taken - wallpaper "Sail", "Shugla" and "Arman". The data is taken for the year quarterly.
Table 1 shows sales data for the year (thousand tenge), table 2 shows data as a percentage. The figure shows a graph of annual indicators, it is clearly seen that the best dynamics for Shugla products, the sales level is constantly growing and occupies a large part of the annual balance.
4. Organizational standards detailing the implementation of life cycle processes
The organization has the right to independently determine the depth and detail of the description of the processes. If a more detailed description of any LC process is needed, a separate standard can be developed for this process.
Standards:
contract analysis,
Purchasing management,
Calculation of the reliability of designed objects,
Process control, etc.
5. Regulations on divisions and job descriptions
Regulations on subdivisions should have the following structure:
- appointment of the unit
- what documents are guided by
- who approves the organizational structure
- who appoints employees
- Who do employees report to?
2. The main tasks of the unit
3. Functions of the unit
4. Structure of the unit and organization of work
5. Rights and general duties of employees
6. Responsibility of employees
7. Interaction with other divisions and external organizations.
Job descriptions have the following approximate structure:
General provisions
- who is appointed and dismissed from office
- who is appointed (level of education, experience, qualifications)
- who obeys
- who is in charge
- who replaces in the absence
- what should you know
- what documents to follow
2. Purpose of the position
3. Job responsibilities
4. Rights and powers
5. Performance and efficiency indicators.
Head of Information Support and Technical Policy Department.
General provisions
1.1. The head of the department of information support and technical policy reports directly to the Technical Director of the open joint-stock company Kazzheldortechnika (hereinafter - the Company).
Guided in its activities by the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Charter of the Company, the Regulations on the Department of Information Support and Technical Policy, other local and acts of the Company and this job description.
A person with a higher technical education and work experience in the field related to the activities of the department for at least 3 years is appointed to the position of head of the department of information support and technical policy.
The head of the information support and technical policy department must know the provisions of the Charter of the enterprise, the Laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On technical regulation", "On ensuring the uniformity of measurements", "On labor protection", "On labor", other legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Provisional charter railways Republic of Kazakhstan, other guidelines in the field railway transport and this job description.
Duties
2.1 Development of quarterly and annual plans, generalization of measures for the comprehensive development of the Company and control over their implementation.
2.2. Ensuring the development and reconstruction of existing industries.
2.3. Supervising the timely installation and commissioning of new equipment.
2.4. Control over compliance with the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On labor protection", Rules and instructions for labor protection and safety of railway workers.
2.5. Control over the introduction of new equipment, advanced technology, preparation of the economy for work in winter conditions.
2.6. Compliance with the regime of secrecy and the implementation of the necessary measures to protect classified official information from disclosure.
2.7. Methodological, legal and informational support of the Company's branches.
2.8. Ensuring and organizing work on the implementation of a system for automating container transportation and accounting for the container fleet by numbers.
2.9. Preparation of proposals for the adjustment of existing accounting and reporting forms.
Production instruction???
2.10. Bringing operating costs in line with the actual volume of work.
2.11. Development and control of uniform reporting forms for all indicators.
2.12. Participation in the development of draft agreements on issues related to the scope of the department, development of draft orders, orders and other acts of the Company.
2.13. Consideration of appeals government agencies, letters, statements from legal entities.
2.14. Organization of control over the state of labor and performance discipline by the employees of the Department.
2.15. Making suggestions for optimization organizational structure Society.
2.16. Ensures the implementation and implementation of the requirements of the quality management system in the department.
3.1. The head of the department has the right to give instructions to the branches of the Company on issues within the scope of the department.
3.2. Require reference information and reporting from the involved employees of the branches on issues within the scope of the department.
3.3. Sign internal documents with the consent of the Company's management.
4. Responsibility
4.1. The head of the department is responsible for:
- improper performance of their duties;
— the quality of work performed in accordance with official duties;
— the correctness and completeness of the use of the submitted rights;
- Ensuring the fulfillment of planned targets assigned to him and his subordinates;
— non-observance of obligations in the field of quality and requirements of the quality system;
- low performance discipline;
- non-compliance with internal regulations;
- fulfillment of the tasks provided for by this regulation, current legislation, orders, instructions;
— maintaining the confidentiality of information that is not subject to disclosure.
for damage caused to the Company in case of damage material assets in accordance with the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Labor in the Republic of Kazakhstan".
— is responsible for the quality of work in accordance with the Regulations on the department, job description, compliance with quality obligations and QMS requirements.
5. Order of appointment, release and replacement
5.1. The Head of the Department is appointed (released) to the position by order of the President of the Society.
5.2. In case of temporary absence (business trip, vacation, sickness), he is replaced by the chief specialist.
I read the instructions and received 1 copy.
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ISO 9000 Quality manual
How to describe and optimize business processes
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In many modern manufacturing firms, production instructions are issued to optimize the interaction between employees and management. They are considered as local normative sources having the same legal force, in particular, with employment contracts. What is the specificity of the corresponding instructions? How are they developed?
What is a production instruction?
A production instruction is usually understood as a local legal act, which regulates the labor function of an employee, determines the list of his duties, rights, as well as the conditions for liability for certain actions. It can be noted that labor protection at an enterprise involves the compilation by company employees responsible for personnel management, along with the document in question, also sources such as fire safety instructions, labor protection instructions.
All types of marked sources are compiled in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as by virtue of internal corporate standards established at a particular enterprise. Labor protection at the enterprise is a process that requires the greatest attention to the development of the types of documents under consideration.
In the production instruction, the norms characterizing a specific position in the company are fixed. So, it reflects the rules that establish what work the employee is obliged to perform, the requirements for the skill level of the employee.
Let us consider in more detail the features of the use of the documents in question.
Purpose of production instructions
Why does a company need a production manual? The purpose of this document, if you follow the norms of official sources of law and the practice of corporate governance, is to ensure the normative regulation of personnel management in the company. The production instruction regulates:
- key issues of personnel management;
- interaction of employees of various profiles with colleagues and management;
- order of execution by specific specialists labor functions.
Creation characterized high quality development of production instructions allows the company to:
- build an effective system of division of labor in the organization;
- stimulate labor productivity;
- ensure control over the activities of individual employees or their groups;
- increase the level of responsibility of the company's employees for their own actions in the process of solving problems related to business development.
The presence of production instructions in the internal corporate workflow system allows the company to accelerate the process of adaptation of new employees to the specifics of local production tasks. This contributes to the stability of the process of production of goods, the provision of services, stimulates business growth and the development of new promising segments.
The relationship of the production instruction with other internal corporate sources
The document in question is quite closely related to other local regulations that are published by the company. First of all, it should be noted that the production instruction is a source that can be divided into a number of categories. Which ones?
There are sources such as the fire safety production instruction. In her Special attention paid, thus, the rules for the response of employees to the occurrence of a fire threat. It may supplement the main production instruction or be published as a separate local source.
There are instructions for industrial sanitation. They fix the norms that reflect how employees should act in order to maintain the required level of sanitary conditions for the implementation of labor activities. This document, again, can supplement the main one or be published as an independent local source.
In some cases, the source in question, can regulate labor functions not by positions, but by areas of activity of specialists. For example, production instructions for the operation of electrical installations can be drawn up. There are documents of a similar purpose related to other areas of labor protection - not directly related to the labor functions of employees of enterprises. So there are production and technical instructions, which in their structure can be close to the manuals for the operation of certain fixed assets used in production.
The document in question is developed for each position by specialists of the company's personnel department. For this, a typical production instruction for a particular position, as well as various sources of law, can be used. For example, the Qualification Handbook approved by the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation in Decree No. 37, issued on August 21, 1998. Often used for these purposes and industry sources of law, recommendations of experts and analysts.
Which source should be used to develop the optimal job description depends on the size of the enterprise, the types of products manufactured, and the characteristics of the organization. production process. Also, the requirements for relevant documents that are put forward by the parent organization, the owners of the company, and investors may also matter.
Production instruction as a source of regulation of the technological process and an employment contract
The production instruction is linked to the employee's employment contract. In some cases, their provisions are duplicated or mutually supplemented. In many firms, HR specialists prefer to include as much as possible of the norms characterizing the production instruction, namely, in the employment contract. This is due to their desire to minimize labor costs for document circulation: the fewer sources of local norms, the easier it is to organize their accounting.
But this is not always effective. The fact is that in a number of cases it is necessary to include a description of the technological process in the production instructions, while it is sometimes problematic to place the appropriate wording in the labor contract. The technological process is one of the main criteria for distinguishing a production instruction from other types of local sources of norms. In order for an employee of the company to correctly ensure that his work complies with the noted criterion, the employer must provide him with the opportunity to familiarize himself with the official source of requirements for his labor function.
If the instructions in question are separate sources, contracts concluded by the company with employees under the Labor Code of the Russian Federation usually indicate a link to them. It can be noted that both the production instruction and the employment contract have the same legal force from the point of view of the law. If an employee violates the rules that he undertook to comply with the instructions - including those that characterize the technological process, then the same legal consequences may arise that arise if the provisions of the contract are not observed.
Production and job descriptions
So, the production instruction can be used in the company along with other sources on labor protection. Some of them are similar to it, complement it. In particular, the production instruction is very similar to the job description.
In some cases, it is legitimate to consider them as synonyms. To draw up a job description, the same sources of law as noted above can be used. But, in fact, the production instruction characterizes mainly work positions, and therefore is most often drawn up by personnel services. industrial enterprises. In the relevant document, a significant place is occupied by the description of the technological process that the employee of the company must follow as part of the performance of his own labor function.
That is, the scope of the document under consideration is narrower. The production instruction regulates labor activity in industrial firms. In turn, the publication of documents of the second type is more typical for service enterprises. But from the point of view of the structure, both will be almost the same.
Production instruction structure
Thus, we will study in what structure a typical production instruction can be presented. The document in question most often consists of the following key sections:
- "General Provisions".
- "Qualification Requirements".
- « Production functions».
- "Duties".
- "The rights".
- "Responsibility".
In some cases, the production instruction is supplemented by other sections - for example, regulating the procedure for rewarding an employee for outstanding achievements in work.
The specified structure of the document, in general, is applicable to the job description. The main distinguishing criterion between the corresponding types of documents, as we noted above, is the scope.
The procedure for developing production instructions is usually approved by the local regulations of the employing company, since such sources of law are not accepted at the official level in the Russian Federation. Let's study the procedure for developing the source in question in more detail.
Features of the development of production instructions
First of all, you can study the question: in connection with what does the enterprise need to develop a production instruction? As a rule, such a need becomes relevant:
- when the company forms an additional staff of employees (for example, in connection with the expansion of production, the opening of new branches);
- with a significant change in the labor function, which is regulated by local norms adopted earlier;
- when changing the content of employment contracts with employees for one reason or another (for example, when modernizing production).
A production instruction is a document that can be recommended for development in a company on the recommendation of a higher structure, experts, audit companies. The source in question can be formalized as an independent source or approved as an annex to the employee's contract. IN Russian firms the main types of documents used in the labor protection system (industrial, job descriptions in particular) are developed using both methods.
But, in general, both procedures are characterized by similar stages. Let's study them in more detail.
First of all, HR specialists work out the text content of the document. For this, as we noted above, a standard production instruction, as well as official sources of law, can be used.
A section of a document that reflects its general provisions, as a rule, does not cause difficulties in execution. This part of the manual is one of those that are characterized by minimal differences when comparing documents designed for different positions or groups of labor functions.
Certain nuances characterize the design of the "Qualification Requirements" section. They are most often seen in the context of:
- official duties;
- necessary knowledge of the employee;
- level of education of a specialist and other qualification criteria.
If a standard production instruction is used in the process of creating a document, then the wording that is present in it can quite superficially regulate the specifics of labor functions at a particular enterprise. In this regard, the personnel service of the company may need to supplement the relevant standards with those that more effectively reflect the features of the production process in the company. To solve this problem, the help of experts and analysts can be involved.
The next key section of the document is "Production Functions". It is necessary to pay special attention to its compilation: as a rule, it is precisely for it that the norms are characteristic that reflect the specifics of the regulation of a particular labor function.
For example, production instructions for the operation of electrical installations may regulate functions that are very different from those that characterize the work of, for example, a locksmith. This may be due to the specifics of the equipment used by the specialist of the profile for which the document is being compiled. The locksmith's production instruction will include norms that regulate another labor function in more detail.
The "Responsibilities" section of the instruction is also among those that include wording that reflects the specifics specific position at the enterprise. For a specialist in the maintenance of sanitary equipment, the duties will be one, for a worker - others. For example, plumbers are characterized by the functions of ensuring the proper operation of heating systems, water supply, and timely repair of the relevant infrastructure. In turn, the worker can be responsible for the correct installation of these systems, checking their initial performance.
Sections such as "Rights" and "Responsibility", in turn, may include sufficiently universal language. The production instruction of a worker, a locksmith, a specialist in electrical installations may have practically similar norms in terms of the marked sections of the document in question.
The next step in creating a production instruction is layout. Let's study its features in more detail.
Features of the design of production instructions
When solving the corresponding problem, one can focus on official sources of law - such as, for example, GOST R 6.30-2003. This GOST regulates the procedure for creating internal corporate administrative documentation at enterprises. The main requirements contained in the relevant
To create a production instruction, it is necessary to study and describe in detail the production or technological processes. It can also describe physical, chemical phenomena, equipment operating rules or adjustment work. The compiler of the instructions has a great responsibility and he needs to delve into the production process in detail.
You will need
sample instructions
safety requirements
Instruction
1 Write an introductory part of the production instruction. Here reflect the scope and purpose of the document.
2 Reflect the requirements for labor safety in the main part of the document, before the job description. Here you can specify links to available instructions for labor protection, sanitary norms and rules, or draft the text of specific requirements. Here also indicate the personal protective equipment used, safety requirements for components, assembly units and materials.
3 Describe the technological sequence of actions, operations. Describe the processes in simple phrases denoting the action on the object, accompanied by an indication of the parameters (if necessary). Write down information about the required process mode, i.e. parameters of temperature, pressure, power, etc., required during the operation.
4 Specify what equipment is involved in the technological process. Specify the names of fixtures, tools and measuring instruments in accordance with the technological documentation for them. By assigning a letter code to tools and fixtures, you can shorten the text of the description of operations.
5 Make a description of the operation of the equipment in the form of a list or sequence of actions of the personnel serving it. There may be clauses about the duties of personnel during the preparation of equipment for work, during its operation, breakdown and emergencies, as well as upon completion of work on the equipment. In addition, the responsibility of personnel in the maintenance of mechanisms and work on them is mandatory.
6 Break large text into sections and subsections. Number paragraphs and subparagraphs. Provide tables or graphic illustrations, if necessary.
7 On the first sheet of the instruction, indicate its name (above), the industry to which the production belongs. Below on the right there should be a signature on the approval of the instruction, the position and date of the approver. Next, place the main text of the instruction, which, if necessary, transfer to subsequent pages. On the right and below, in a separate field, indicate the composition of its performers and the last name, name of the developer and controller.
POSITION
About the development of Production Instructions
Introduction
This Regulation has been developed on the basis of the requirements unified system technological documentation(ESTD), ECTS, GOST 12.0.004 and taking into account the letter of the Federal Service for Labor and Employment of November 24, 2008 N 6234-TZ « On job and work instructions” and determines the procedure for the development, approval and application of production instructions for working professions of LLC “” (hereinafter referred to as the organization).
General provisions
1.1. Production instruction- This is an organizational and legal document that defines the main functions, duties, rights and responsibilities of an employee in the exercise of his activities in a particular profession.
Production instruction- this is a document that determines the procedure for personnel to operate any equipment: acceptance and delivery of a shift (if necessary), start-up, switching on, shutdown, withdrawal for repair, actions in case of accidents, etc.
1.2. Production instructions for each employee structural unit are developed by the head of the structural unit on the basis of the "Regulations on the structural unit". Job descriptions should be specific and actually describe jobs.
1.3. Production instructions are reviewed in a unified manner in accordance with changes in the structure and staffing of the Organization, as well as after certification.
1.4. The meaning of the production instruction as an organizational document is as follows:
Fixes legal status and the place of the employee in the management system;
Defines the tasks, functions, rights and obligations of the employee;
Allows you to reasonably evaluate the results of activities;
It is the legal basis for the certification of an employee, determining his disciplinary and material liability;
Sets organizational bases legal activity.
1.5. Production instructions are reviewed once every 5 years.
1.6. The retention period of production instructions in the Organization is 45 years after they are replaced.
1.7. The original production instructions are kept by the responsible person for personnel work Organizations. If necessary, certified copies can be kept by the heads of structural units and used in the current work of structural units.
2. The procedure for the development and execution of production instructions
2.1. Production instructions are developed on the basis of the organization's staffing table, the All-Russian Classification of Workers' Occupations, positions of employees and tariff categories OK 016-94 (OKPDTR), instructions for the operation of manufacturers for equipment, tools and fixtures used at the workplace of a worker of a particular profession by the head of the structural unit in whose subordination the workplace is located.
2.2. Before developing production instructions, it is necessary to carry out:
Study of the technological (production) process, identification of potential hazardous and harmful production factors arising during its normal course and during deviations;
Determination of safe methods and techniques of work, their sequence, as well as
technical and organizational measures to be included in the instruction;
Determination of compliance with the safety requirements of the equipment used,
devices and tools;
The study of the design features and effectiveness of protective equipment that
can be used in the performance of relevant work.
2.3. The requirements of the instruction must be set out in accordance with the sequence of the technological (production) process, taking into account the types of equipment, fixtures, and tools.
2.4. The text of the instruction should include only those requirements that relate to the safety of a particular type of work and are carried out by the workers themselves.
2.5. Production instructions for workers should not contain any references to other normative and normative-technical documents (except for references to other instructions for workers). The main requirements of these documents should be taken into account by the developers of the instruction. If necessary, the requirements of these documents should be included in the instructions.
2.6. The requirements of the instruction must be concise and clear, taking into account the specific conditions and specifics of the work performed, and not allow for various interpretations. The terms used in the instructions must comply with the terminology adopted in the regulatory documents. When using terms that are not established in these documents, the texts of the instructions should provide their definitions or explanations for them.
Replacing words in the text of the instruction with letter abbreviations (abbreviations) is allowed provided that the abbreviation is fully deciphered when it is first used.
2.7. The instructions should not use colloquial expressions, as well as professional and technical colloquial terms.
The text should avoid expressing the requirements in the form of a ban, and if this is not possible, explain the reason for the ban. Individual points of the instruction should not be strengthened with the words “categorically”, “especially”, “strictly necessary”, “unconditionally”, etc., since all points of the instruction are equally important and mandatory. Separate provisions of the instruction can be illustrated with drawings, diagrams, photographs explaining the meaning of these requirements.
The form of the statement of requirements should be prescriptive: make, turn, move, register, etc.
2.8. Instructions should include requirements that can be met by the workers themselves and do not contain organizational and technical requirements, the implementation of which is not necessary to ensure the safe performance of work and the creation of normal sanitary conditions at the workplace.
2.9. The instructions should not include the duties of the heads of the unit, because their knowledge is superfluous for the worker.
2.10. The instructions must set out the procedure and requirements to ensure the safe conduct of work. If the safety of the work is due to certain standards, then they must be indicated (the size of the gaps, distances, height, voltage, concentration, etc.).
2.11. The text of the instruction should be divided into sections (if necessary, into subsections) and paragraphs and numbered in Arabic numerals: sections - within the instructions, subsections - within the section, paragraphs within the subsections (in their absence - within the sections).
Since the "Introduction" does not carry instructional instructions, it is possible not to carry out numbering inside it.
2.12. The name of the instruction should indicate the type of profession for which it is intended. The developed draft instruction, with a list of used normative and technical documentation, should be sent for consideration to the interested services and structural divisions. After reviewing and summarizing the comments and suggestions, a final draft instruction for employees is developed.
2.13. All instructions are assigned a number (letter abbreviation - designation of the type of instruction, Arabic numerals - subdivision number (if necessary), serial number according to the List, year of development)
For example: PI 01.01-2012 - Production instruction for ________ ( profession name)
2.14. Production instructions must be executed in the form given in Appendix 1
3.2. Approximate content of sections of the Production Instructions:
Introduction
1. General Provisions
2. Characteristics of works
4. Responsibility
5. Description of the workplace and types of equipment in use
6. Description of the operation of equipment, mechanisms, tools and devices.
6.1. Definition and purpose
6.2. Technical specifications
6.3. Description of the production process
6.4. Conditions for conducting the production process and (or) operating equipment, mechanisms, tools and devices
6.5. Preparation for repair
6.6. Current service
6.7. Production Problems and Solutions
7. A list of local regulatory documents, the requirements of which the worker must know and comply with.
The title and content of the sections of the Production Instruction may be changed depending on the specific conditions of the workplace and the work performed.
3.3. In the "Introduction" section
3.4. In the section "General provisions" should be reflected:
Full name of the profession (exact name in accordance with staffing, indicating the category of the employee in accordance with the All-Russian Classifier of Occupations of Workers, Positions of Employees and Wage Categories;
In whose direct subordination is the employee (in addition, to whom is he subordinate for the period of absence of a superior person);
The procedure for hiring and dismissal, on the proposal of which person the hiring is carried out, with which official the appointment is agreed;
How the work is organized - independently by the employee, in accordance with the work plan of the structural unit or according to the flexible or other work schedule approved by the Director of the Organization;
Has an irregular working day been established for the employee, if his profession is included in the list of positions, specialties and professions with irregular working hours approved by the order of the Director of the Organization;
Whose oral and written orders are carried out by the employee - in addition to the orders of the immediate supervisor or in his absence;
Qualification requirements for education, work experience - are developed on the basis of ECTS;
What an employee should know.
3.5. The sections "Characteristics of work", "Rights", "Responsibility" should reflect the requirements determined by the ECTS for this profession and additionally prescribed specific types of work determined by the employer that are not included in the ECTS, but necessary for the production activities of the organization's division (combination of professions, special types jobs requiring additional training, etc.).
3.6. In the Section "Description of the workplace and types of equipment operated"
given short description a workplace with the definition of specific boundaries or an indication of the sections of the subdivision or territory where the worker performs the work, types of equipment, the mechanisms used, tools and devices that serve and are used by the worker in the performance of the work performed in accordance with the Section "Characteristics of work".
3.7. In the Section "Description of the operation of equipment, mechanisms, tools and devices"
Taking into account the requirements of the Manuals or Instructions for the operation of equipment, mechanisms, tools and devices of manufacturers, the Rules for the device and safe operation and specific operating conditions determined by the organization are described:
Definition and purpose of operated and used equipment, mechanisms, tools and devices or references are made to other local regulatory documents that determine the procedure for the safe operation of specific mechanisms, tools and devices;
Specifications operated equipment, mechanisms, tools and devices included in the service facility at the workplace of the worker are indicated from specific Manuals or Instructions for the operation of equipment, mechanisms, tools and devices from manufacturers;
The description of the production process is made with the indication of the necessary parameters for conducting the process, interaction with other production processes or the actions of other workers;
The conditions for conducting the production process and (or) operating equipment, mechanisms, tools and devices are determined by the requirements of the Manuals or Instructions for the operation of equipment, mechanisms, tools and devices of manufacturers, the Rules for the Device and Safe Operation and specific operating conditions determined by the organization;
When preparing for the repair of equipment, the procedure for shutting down the equipment (de-energizing, disconnecting, disconnecting, etc.), freeing the equipment from products and oils, etc. is determined. actions;
During the Routine maintenance of equipment, mechanisms, tools and fixtures, the procedure for inspection, lubrication, care is determined, the terms of service, lubrication maps, etc. are determined. operations;
Production failures and methods for their elimination are usually drawn up in the form of a table in accordance with the recommendations of the Manuals or Instructions for the operation of the equipment of the manufacturers and the specific operating conditions determined by the organization.
3.8. In the Section “List of local regulatory documents, the requirements of which the worker must know and comply with”, reference is made to specific Instructions on labor protection by profession, Instructions on labor protection and safe operation and other types of Instructions, the requirements of which the worker must know and comply with when performing work in accordance with this production instruction
Greetings, dear friends! A note on manufacturing instructions.
In organizations engaged in the construction, operation, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, conservation and liquidation of a hazardous production facility; electric power facility; an object where electrical, thermal installations and networks, hydraulic structures are operated; manufacturing, installation, adjustment, maintenance and repair of technical devices (machinery and equipment) used at facilities, transportation of hazardous substances, production instructions are developed and approved in the manner established in these organizations.
Mandatory development of production instructions is provided for by regulations in the field of industrial safety to ensure industrial safety requirements, and not in the field of labor protection.
In accordance with clause 26 of the Regulations on the organization of training and knowledge testing of workers' organizations supervised Federal Service on environmental, technological and nuclear supervision, approved by order of Rostekhnadzor dated January 29, 2007 No. 37, in organizations engaged in the construction, operation, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, conservation and liquidation of a hazardous production facility; electric power facility; the facility where electrical, thermal installations and networks, hydraulic structures are operated, the manufacture, installation, adjustment, maintenance and repair of technical devices (machinery and equipment) used at facilities, the transportation of hazardous substances, are developed and approved in the manner established by these organizations , production instructions.
Therefore, the requirements for the structure of the production instruction must be established local acts organizations.
As a general rule, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation, production instructions are reviewed in the manner approved by the organization.
Manufacturing instructions are developed based on qualification requirements specified in the qualification handbooks, and / or professional standards for the relevant professions of workers, as well as taking into account the peculiarities of the technological processes of a particular production. Before being allowed to work independently, after a safety briefing, workers are tested for knowledge of the instructions. (Clause 26 of the RD dated January 29, 2007 No. 03-19-2007 "Regulations on the organization of work on the training and certification of specialists from organizations supervised by the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision").
In addition, production instructions should be developed on the basis of standard industry and inter-industry instructions. For example, job description for a specialist responsible for maintaining pipe-laying cranes in good condition, it is developed on the basis of a standard instruction RD 10-275-99, a production instruction for a pipe-laying crane operator - on the basis of RD 10-276-99, etc.
Production instructions for personnel servicing HIFs are approved by persons authorized to do so in accordance with the constituent documents and local regulations of the organization, taking into account the requirements of regulatory documents.
So, for example, according to the requirements of clause 2 of Appendix No. 1 of RD 10-40-931, production instructions for personnel servicing the GPM and lifts have the right to develop - the technical director ( Chief Engineer), trained and certified by the enterprise.
Production instructions are located at the workplace and are issued against signature to workers, for whom knowledge of these instructions is mandatory.
On the basis of Rostekhnadzor Order No. 37 of January 29, 2007 “On the Procedure for Training and Certification of Employees of Organizations Supervised by the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service”, workers periodically undergo an examination of their knowledge of production instructions and / or instructions for specific professions at least once at 12 months.
Download and view an example of a production instruction on the operating mode and safe maintenance of pressure vessels (steam sterilizer VK-75-01, GK-100-3) from our colleague Alexei Semikhatsky.
That's all. Until new notes!
According to part 2 of Art. 22 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to ensure safety and working conditions that comply with state regulatory requirements for labor protection; provide employees with equipment, tools, technical documentation and other means necessary for the performance of their labor duties.
In accordance with Art. 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the employer is obliged to ensure the development and approval of rules and instructions on labor protection for employees, taking into account the opinion of the elected body of the primary trade union organization or another body authorized by employees in the manner prescribed by Art. 372 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation for the adoption of local regulations.
State regulatory requirements for labor protection contained in federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, rules, procedures, criteria and standards are established aimed at preserving the life and health of workers in the process of labor activity (part 1 of article 211 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation) .
State regulatory requirements for labor protection are mandatory for legal entities and individuals when they carry out any type of activity, including the design, construction (reconstruction) and operation of facilities, the design of machines, mechanisms and other equipment, the development of technological processes, the organization production and labor (part 2 of article 211 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated 17.12.02 No. 80 approved the Methodological recommendations for the development of state regulatory requirements for labor protection. Section 5 of these recommendations provides for the procedure for developing and approving labor protection instructions for employees.
In accordance with clauses 5.1, 5.3 of the Methodological Recommendations, an instruction on labor protection for an employee is developed based on his position, profession or type of work performed. The labor protection instruction for the worker is developed on the basis of an intersectoral or sectoral standard labor protection instruction (and in its absence, on the basis of intersectoral or sectoral labor protection rules), the safety requirements set forth in the operational and repair document mentations of organizations - equipment manufacturers, as well as in the technological documentation of the organization, taking into account specific production conditions. These requirements are set out in relation to the position, profession of the employee or type of work performed.
Approximate view title page instructions on labor protection for workers, when they are issued, it is recommended to draw up in accordance with Appendix No. 8 to the Methodological Recommendations.
According to clause 5.4 of the Methodological Recommendations, the employer ensures the development and approval of labor protection instructions for employees, taking into account the written opinion of an elected trade union or other body authorized by employees. A collective agreement or agreement may provide for the adoption of labor protection instructions on agreement with the representative body of workers.
The specified normative acts do not define a specific developer of labor protection instructions for a specific position, profession - it is determined by the employer. However, in methodological recommendations it is indicated that on the reverse side of the instruction, it is necessary to have visas of the developer of the instruction, the head (specialist) of the labor protection service, the power engineer, the technologist and other interested parties.
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