Experienced poultry farmers claim that quail breeding as a business is a very profitable business. But if so, why is it not easy for everyone? Yes, the bird and its eggs are valued, and this is a known fact. But is their cost really that big to recoup all the initial and subsequent costs of keeping quails? Below in the article we will talk about how to build a business on breeding this little bird and not be at a loss.
Quail and quail eggs
Long before you start your own business, it is worth studying the pros and cons of the venture. In the case of quail breeding as a business, reviews usually speak in favor of such a business. Bird eggs are highly valued. They are 3-4 times more profitable than chicken ones in terms of demand, benefits and cost. It is believed that the profit from the business on their eggs can reach 100%, but only if you approach the work correctly.
But in the case of breeding poultry for meat, the profitability reaches only 25%. Although there are many nuances here, such as precocity and a short production cycle. On average, it is possible to pay back a quail business in 6 months, and this is very little, in comparison with the same chickens or other domestic animals.
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Quail meat is classified as a dietary type. It is very tasty and expensive. Bird eggs are not cheap either. They are also incredibly useful, have a long shelf life and are in high demand. These are the main advantages of such a business, but not all.
Quail and quail
- Quail are growing fast. They are actively developing, they begin to rush early. For meat growing the production cycle lasts up to 3 months.
- The cost of acquiring the first individuals, organizing a poultry house is much lower than in the case of chickens, turkeys, ducks or other domestic animals, which is associated with the small size and unpretentiousness of the bird.
- Quail breeding as a business is also beneficial because these birds almost never get sick. Diseases are extremely rare, with improper maintenance.
- There are not many competitors in this market. Breeding a bird, of course, is profitable, but not everyone has where to do it, and there is a lot of trouble.
Incubator and quail
In general, there is no ideal business without problems, so that everything goes right like clockwork. There are flaws in any business and you need to be prepared for them.
- Quails do not incubate eggs, so it is imperative to acquire an incubator in order to independently maintain the number of individuals in the herd or even increase the economy.
- Birds don't live long. They are kept for up to a year, if they are bred to receive eggs, and those for meat - up to 3 months. This means that you must definitely buy an incubator and breed young animals.
- As mentioned above, breeding quails is a troublesome business. You need to be prepared for hard, regular work on the farm.
Before buying young animals, it is worth preparing a business plan, planning everything, purchasing necessary equipment and only then already quails. In order to start breeding quails, it is worth spending a lot of money. The business plan assumes the following initial expenses:
quail
- young growth;
- rental of premises;
- registration of a private enterprise;
- stern;
- incubator;
- cells.
In order for the business to go well, it is worth initially deciding on its direction and buying healthy, breeding birds, in order to receive the same healthy, thoroughbred young animals from them.
On average, all this will cost about 800-850 dollars. In addition, if the business grows (from 1000 quails or more), you will need to hire an additional labor force, because one family cannot cope here! And these are additional expenses, but at the initial stage, when the economy is still small, they can be ignored.
Quail breeding
It is important to understand that if a breeder decides to build a business on breeding quails, it is necessary to approach the matter with all responsibility.
If we talk about the conditions of detention, then the birds are kept in quail cages with a sloping, mesh floor and a pallet to keep the inside dry and clean. The optimum content temperature is + 15 ... + 25 degrees at a humidity of 40-60%. The lighting is subdued, otherwise the birds will begin to peck at each other. It is also important to equip the house with a good ventilation system, but avoid drafts.
If there are constant drafts in the room, the quails will begin to drop feathers.
It is better to use drip drinkers, they are considered the most convenient. Feeders are placed outside the cage so that the birds can reach them by sticking their heads out of the cage. It is best to feed quails with complete feed for laying hens. Although it costs a lot, it fully pays for itself!
In the first 3 weeks after birth, it is impossible to restrict quail in nutrition! If they lack some nutrients, they will then lag behind in development. From the 50th day, you can transfer to 3-4 meals a day. Up to 200 g of feed is consumed per individual per day.
Quail breeding and keeping
The hardest part about quail farming as a business is figuring out where to sell the produce. This is the main point and it needs to be thought out long before starting a business. The breeder should have at least 3-5 prospective points where you can sell your product, but more is better. It is worth coming there with a proposal for the supply of goods, but only with ready commercial offer when the first production will be already.
Of course, you can initially start with a small, “home” business and check how eggs are bought, selling them to friends and relatives. But this is only possible with a small number of birds. If there is a desire to earn more, then you will have to expand the distribution network and look for regular customers: points on the market, in stores, in factories.
The main thing in finding places to sell is assertiveness, confidence in yourself, your products and the guarantee that the breeder can offer. All products must be good - some places may require certificates confirming freshness and quality.
The main idea or concept of the quail farm business is that quail eggs and meat have a large market (second place after chicken eggs), and in every Russian city or village you can see quail eggs for sale.
The prospect of a quail farm as a profitable business project is based on the fact that:
- Quail eggs are a valuable immunomodulatory food product and contain a whole range of vital vitamins (A, P and K, B1, B2, iron, cobalt) and other trace elements necessary for the human body. This is particularly confirmed by the fact that in biopharmaceuticals, especially in the field of gerontology and life extension technologies (anti-ageing), quail egg protein is massively used.
- Meat and meat semi-finished products from quails are considered a delicacy and dietary food product, especially in restaurant business.
- The unique egg production of quails allows you to get the first eggs from a bird already at 6 weeks of age. On average, an egg-bearing quail brings 280-330 eggs per year. This allows us to have almost uninterrupted quail eggs and meat, to ensure stable supplies of farm products to the market of any capacity.
- To create or start a business does not require large investments, sophisticated equipment, technologies. Also, the farmer does not need to obtain a license to grow quails and sell products.
- The market for quail eggs, as well as for meat, in the Russian commercial and consumer sector has had a constant positive trend for over 20 years. This indicates the stability of demand and the future expansion of the market.
The payback period for a quail farm project is 24 month.
The initial investment will be 2 445 000 rub.
The break-even point is reached at 5 month of work of the quail farm.
Monthly net profit - RUB 105,555.
2. Description of the business, product or service
The project of the quail farm provides for its specialization in the production and supply of quail eggs to the commercial and consumer markets. This is the main product of the farm and its output will be approximately 98%.
The remaining insignificant part of the supply will be in the form of selling quails in live weight for restaurants that have quail meat dishes in their menu. This part of the production is episodic and very insignificant in the scope of the entire farm business.
The project starts with 2,000 quails, reaches 4,500 quails by the end of the year, after which it stabilizes. Taking into account the egg production of quails capable of laying 300 days a year, on average, each bird is expected to produce 20-25 eggs per month. Moreover, the quail begins to bring the first eggs already at 5-6 weeks of age. The total gross flow of eggs from the farm to the market will be from 2,500 dozen at the first stage to 10,000 dozen by the time the number of birds is optimal and sales are established.
The most egg-laying breeds of birds - Japanese quail, English black quail and Manchurian golden quail - will be chosen as the main type of quail.
All these breeds are well adapted to keeping in small farms and Russian climatic conditions.
The average selling price of a dozen quail eggs is 60 rubles.
The main distribution channel will be focused on the commercial sector - culinary, bakery and confectionery companies, enterprises producing dietary and children food, mayonnaises, creams and other semi-finished food products. A small part, about 15%-20%, of products is planned to be delivered to retail chains and shops.
It is also planned to work with various medical institutions and sanatoriums of the state or municipal sector under contracts concluded in the course of participation in special electronic auctions for the supply of goods and services for state and municipal needs.
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3. Description of the market
For a qualitative assessment of the market for quail eggs and the calculation of the economic efficiency of this business project, the following important market parameters should be taken into account.
Quail egg market volume and dynamics. Despite the fact that quail farming in Russia has relatively recently begun to acquire an industrial scale (only in the early 90s did the first full-cycle quail farms appear), only for the period from 2010 to 2016. The market for quail eggs has almost tripled. However, these rates are still quite far from the world average. So, for example, in Japan (considered the birthplace of quail breeding) in in kind the quail stock market is growing annually by 8 million units. and in China - no less than 25 million pieces. The average annual growth rate of quail egg production is at the level of 4%, as well as the entire Russian market eggs in shell. The total volume of the egg market in Russia is about 5.5 billion dollars, where the main share is occupied by chicken eggs (80%), followed by quail eggs (at least 15%) and eggs of other birds.
The structure of demand for quail eggs in Russia slightly different from most European countries, and the main share goes to industrial processing (for example, the production of mayonnaise), as well as to restaurants and confectionery business. Also quail egg is used for cooking diet food and even for medical purposes (special creams, vaccines).
As for the use of quail meat, this segment of the consumer market occupies a very small share in overall structure demand. Basically, quail meat is used in the restaurant business for preparing exotic dishes (earlier in Russia, quail meat was served exclusively at the table of royal persons and the nobility close to them).
Taking into account the brief analysis, the following important conclusions can be drawn:
- The Russian market of quail breeding and, in particular, egg production, is still far from being saturated, and the average annual growth rate of 4-5% consumption of quail eggs (to a lesser extent, meat) allows us to count on a long investment horizon, at least 10-15 years.
- Measures taken by the government of the Russian Federation to protect the domestic agricultural market from competition from imported suppliers guarantee comfortable conditions for the development of both large agricultural holdings and small farms.
In addition, it should be noted that the gradual familiarization of the majority of Russians with a healthy lifestyle, the use of dietary products (where quail eggs are not the last) gives prospects for an increase in demand for quail farm products, even within a separate municipal district or urban settlement.
4. Sales and Marketing
5. Production plan
To solve the organizational problem and legal registration business of a quail farm, the form of IP is chosen ( individual entrepreneur), as the most suitable for the start of production at an enterprise with a small number of poultry.
The main advantage of this form of legal registration is that a simplified taxation system (STS) is used with a maximum tax rate of 6%.
Also in favor of choosing the format of the IP farm is the fact that for accounting and tax reporting, you can use the services financial specialist outside staffing enterprises (for example, in the form of outsourcing or remotely).
In addition to individual entrepreneurs, you can also use the option of registering a farm, as a private household plot or a peasant farm (peasant farming). But this form contains restrictions on the use of tax benefits, which may further complicate the expansion of business through the creation of related types of production.
The general scheme for registering an individual entrepreneur has a standard form and is completed within a period of 3 working days by submitting an appropriate application to the local branch of the Federal Tax Service. Together with the payment of the state duty for registration and execution of other documents, the amount of organizational expenses will not exceed 10,000 rubles.
It should be borne in mind that when submitting an application, it is necessary to indicate the code entrepreneurial activity according to a special classifier - OKVED.
For a quail farm, this code looks like this:
OKVED 01.24 "Breeding of poultry».
In addition to registering the farm as a business, you should issue a package permits, due to the very specifics of the quail farm. In the list of such binding documents includes:
- resolution of the local administration (signed by the head of the city or district), allowing the construction of a quail farm. This document has the form of a separate order on the official letterhead of the head of the administration or representative body (city or village council) of the municipality;
- permits from divisions of Sanepidnadzor (veterinary supervision) for the operation of premises, equipment for keeping poultry - quails;
- an agreement for the treatment or disposal of waste, as well as a permit for the disposal of biowaste, approved by the local Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision Department;
- a certificate for the compliance of workplaces with the requirements of SanPiN - is issued at the labor inspectorate at the location of the farm (in the municipal authorities).
- Certificate of conformity (ROSTEST certificate according to the regulations TU 9846-036-23476484-04) for quail farm products and obtaining an individual barcode for a particular enterprise. These documents are issued in the regional divisions of Rospotrebnadzor.
In addition, it will be necessary to conclude agreements with local water supply companies, utilities and electricity supply companies.
The final amount required to receive the entire permits and business registration in the IP format will be no more than 70,000 rubles.
Breeding quails for sale is a non-waste production. They sell eggs, carcasses and even bird droppings. This type of business is quite suitable for an inexperienced farmer, as it does not require large investments, special knowledge and skills. A low investment threshold and simplicity make the quail business profitable and profitable for a budding entrepreneur.
Positive aspects of the quail breeding business idea:
- high egg production of birds (the productivity of one individual is 250-280 eggs per year or 22-23 eggs per month);
- popularity of the product among those who adhere to the principles healthy eating(there are more and more of them in Russia);
- favorable ratio of body weight and eggs (1:24);
- simple conditions for keeping and feeding birds;
- long shelf life of eggs (more than chicken, 3 times).
Important to remember! The main advantage of business is a short payback period. In 2 months, the home farm will make a profit.
But business also has disadvantages. First of all, this is work without holidays and weekends - the farm needs supervision. The second drawback is related to short term productive life of the laying hen. The bird becomes an adult early, after a year it is changed: a one-year-old quail is about to stop “supplying” eggs. Although quails get sick less than chickens and rabbits, they are sensitive to changing conditions. Drafts, unusual food, temperature changes sometimes lead to the fact that the bird stops laying eggs for 2-3 weeks, and these are direct losses for the farmer.
The main issues of organizing a quail farm
A room of 8-10 sq. m. on the territory of a private house or cottage can easily be turned into a quail farm. It is good if it is a warm room with ventilation. Birds are kept in cages, while the cages are placed in 2-3 floors. Building cages with your own hands is not difficult, it will help save on initial investment and increase profitability.
What you should not save on: feed, automatic feeders and drinkers. For good egg production and weight gain, the bird needs a balanced feed (it is unlikely that it will be possible to prepare it at home). It is also important to properly distribute this food in order to provide them all evenly. Quails get nipple drinkers - with them the maintenance of birds is facilitated: laying hens always have access to clean water.
Useful information! The number of quails should be provided good conditions for breeding: find a quiet place, stick to the given temperature regime(18-22 °C) and humidity (at least 65%). This will require heating devices, a ventilation system, artificial lighting.
80-100 individuals are placed on 1 square meter. Thus, to keep 500 birds (experienced farmers recommend starting with this number), a minimum of 5 square meters is required. meters of free space. Taking into account the fact that the business will expand, it is better to allocate a room of 10-20 square meters.
Work at home: jewelry assembly
Profitability of quail breeding
How does the idea of poultry breeding pay off? Let's count. The purchase of young animals will cost 7,000 rubles (14 rubles for a chicken). The quail will reach reproductive age in 30-40 days. In a month, the birds will begin to lay eggs, the first profit will appear. One male per 4 females is kept in the livestock, so only 400 out of 500 birds carry eggs. At the end of the second month, the entrepreneur will have 10 thousand eggs in his hands. By this time, distribution channels should be prepared. Even if you hand over eggs at a wholesale price (40 rubles for a dozen), earnings will be 40,000 rubles.
Important information! Experienced quail breeders advise not to buy a livestock of 500 individuals right away, but to purchase 10-20 families, which will then give birth. On average, 50 birds give offspring of 500 heads in six months. With this method of organizing a home farm, you will have to acquire an incubator, but this is beneficial - it will quickly pay off. The cost of the device is from 3 to 15 thousand rubles.
Starting costs for starting a business:
As for current expenses, 80% of the monthly costs of a novice businessman are the purchase of feed. One adult eats 25 g per day or 750 g in 30 days. For 500 birds, 375 kg (9,375 rubles in monetary terms) will be required. Quails buy combined feed, its price is 25-30 rubles. per 1 kg (wholesale cheaper). For 60 days, food costs will amount to 18,750 rubles.
Taking into account all calculations, the cost of a home farm will amount to 46,750 rubles for 2 months (including start-up capital). After this time, the businessman reaches the breakeven point. Monthly income from the sale of eggs at the level of 40,000 rubles. will bring a net profit of 20,000 rubles. (taking into account the natural losses of products).
Quail farm business plan
With experience gained, the farmer will learn how to grow young in an incubator, this will reduce the cost of acquiring new birds to zero and become a source of additional profit. For raising chickens and organizing " kindergarten» you will need a brooder (a special box for keeping babies) and vacuum drinkers; the cost of the finished box is 4,500 rubles.
The benefit of self-breeding quails is that a novice businessman gradually gets used to the rules for caring for a bird, creates good conditions for her, and separates males from females in time. By separating a quarter of the eggs for the reproduction of offspring, the entrepreneur will solve the issue of buying young animals.
Another condition for the profitability of the chosen type of activity is the absence of salary costs. The idea of building a mini-farm is advantageous because it does not require hired hands - one person can cope with a livestock of 500-1000 pieces. Also, acquaintances and friends who will buy eggs will not require documents from the tax and sanitary service. If the livestock exceeds 1000 pieces, the cost of their maintenance will also increase. Hired staff required documenting, costs for advertising, packaging, transportation, veterinary services.
So that the profit does not go "in the red", and the costs of maintaining the farm are minimal, adhere to the following rules:
- combine different types of commerce (selling eggs, rearing young birds, harvesting meat);
- do not start by buying a large batch of birds - start several families, gradually expanding the territory of the business;
- look for suppliers before the hens start laying eggs;
- make racks, brooders, cages with your own hands - buy only what you can’t do yourself;
- do not save on feed: high-quality compound feed is the key to bird health.
Where and to whom to sell grown quails and eggs
Calculations show that the profitability of the business is high - provided that it is possible to establish distribution channels. Selling 10,000 eggs a month is not difficult and does not require serious marketing investments. If there are more products, you will have to hire a seller in the market or look for a wholesale buyer.
Main sales channels: market, supermarkets, restaurants. Interested in the product are health establishments that adhere to the principles of dietary nutrition (sanatoriums, rest homes, children's institutions). But working with big outlets and organizations will require documentary confirmation of the legitimacy of the business. You will also have to obtain certificates from the sanitary service.
The wholesale price of a dozen eggs is 30-40 rubles, the retail price is 50-60. There are eggs of rare breeds, their price reaches 60-70 rubles. for 10 pcs. If the entrepreneur manages to prove that his product is fresh and environmentally friendly, the price per package will rise to 100 rubles. As a rule, the goods are sold in the region of the manufacturer, because the cost of transportation and refrigeration equipment reduces profits.
It's important to know! Quail eggs are available to residents of large cities, in small villages the market is not saturated. The culture of consumption of quail meat and eggs is growing, interest in products in Russia is increasing: the market is showing growth.
Sale of meat and carcasses of quails
Quail breeding in countryside can be in a good way family income. Unpretentious birds feel great in different climatic zones. They continue to lay eggs and breed under the most normal conditions. A competent approach and knowledge of the intricacies of the quail breeding business guarantees a stable income.
The activity of growing quails has a number of advantages. The meat of these birds has excellent taste qualities, which are appreciated by consumers. Positive feedback about useful properties quail eggs confirms the high demand.
Females start laying early, at the age of 1–2 months, and retain their productivity for up to one year. After the end of this period, one-year-old birds are sold for meat. A short production cycle allows you to get the first earnings quickly enough.
Conditions for rearing birds
Small quails do not require a wide breeding area. The necessary conditions for keeping 30 heads of birds:
- A clean, ventilated area of 5-10 square meters. meters;
- Air temperature 18–22 degrees C;
- Proper diet.
The first step to open quail business will be the purchase of special cages. The size of such cells is from 0.8 to 1 meter in width, and about 30 cm in height. This area can accommodate from 50 to 80 individuals. To save space, it is recommended to create tiers of 4 cages, which will allow you to keep up to 320 heads per square meter.
Cell batteries should be designed in such a way that it is convenient to care for birds, remove droppings and maintain cleanliness. In addition, they must be equipped with drinkers and feeders.
Breeding quails at home involves the purchase of additional equipment. In an artificial environment, females lose their ability to incubate eggs, so an incubator is required for the appearance of young. The cost of its acquisition depends on the capacity and functional features. On average, the cost is from 3 to 7 thousand rubles. Professional incubators with a capacity of up to 3000 eggs will cost the owner of the farm about 80 thousand rubles.
After the quails hatch, they are moved to a special closet - a brooder, where the necessary temperature and light are maintained.
Particular attention should be paid to the illumination in the room where the birds will be kept. Installed in Room light bulbs should be at least 35 lux. Additionally, 20 lux lamps are mounted above the feed trays. Exceeding the brightness of the light will cause the birds to show aggression.
Breeding quail as a business involves intensive manual labor. One person can serve up to 600 heads daily.
Before deciding whether it is profitable or not to keep quails, you need to calculate the cost of feed. Ready-made mixtures are sold in stores that are used to feed chickens, but it would be more economical to make your own mixture from cereals:
- Wheat from 25 to 30%;
- Corn 25%;
- Barley and grain of other crops 5% each;
- Food additives up to 5%.
For each age, birds require different portions:
Beginning home-based business, the owner must know which breeds of quails are most profitable to breed. Some species are not suitable as a source of income, and are decorative. The main breeds that are used for breeding:
- Japanese quail;
- Pharaoh;
- Estonian quail;
- French breed.
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Quail breeding business plan
Calculations for opening a quail business for 600 individuals will be approximately as follows:
- Leased premises area 20 sq.m. 12-15 thousand rubles (this item of expenditure is removed if you have your own premises in the household plot);
- Purchase of young quails 20–25 thousand;
- Purchase of equipment (cages, incubator, brooder) 30 thousand rubles;
- The cost of food is 3-5 thousand rubles.
Start-up capital, which will be required at the initial stage, will amount to 65-75 thousand rubles.
Monthly household expenses are made up of utilities, transportation finished products, purchases of feed. Average amount fixed costs comes out to about 15,000 rubles.
Profitability will help determine whether it is profitable to keep a quail farm. In order to correctly assess the profitability, it is necessary to divide the proceeds into three options for the sale of products: eggs, meat, live poultry.
Revenue from the sale of eggs
The average female can bring an average of 20 eggs per month. Some of them should be postponed for 
increase in bird heads, about 1/3. The cost of a quail egg on the market is 5 rubles. The ratio of females and males on a farm of 600 individuals is 50% to 50%. Every month, one female eats 900 grams of grain worth 20 rubles.
- Income amount: 300 females * 20 eggs * 5 rubles = 30,000
- Feed costs: 300 females * 20 rubles = 6000
Sale of meat
The average weight of a quail carcass is 250 grams. The average cost of quail meat on the market is 100 rubles. Up to 100 carcasses are sold monthly.
100 rubles * 100 pieces = 10000
Sale of live poultry
Additional income can be brought by the sale of young or grown quails. The cost of one bird is 80 rubles, up to 50 heads can be sold monthly.
50 birds*80 rubles=4000
Profit and payback
Financial calculations show how much you can earn from the quail business. The proceeds from the sale of eggs, meat and live poultry will amount to 44,000 rubles. The amount of fixed maintenance costs is 15,000 rubles. Thus, earnings per month from 600 heads will be 29,000 rubles. The return on investment will occur within 3-4 months.
4 873Quail is a royal bird. However, today such a luxury is available to almost everyone. The well-known value of this breed of the chicken family lies in the dietary low-allergenic meat and the legendary benefits of quail eggs. Modern conditions make it possible to breed quails almost in industrial volumes and at affordable prices. Population craze in a healthy way life and proper nutrition- this is the very chance to profitably sell the right and useful product. Familiarize yourself with the theory and move on to the practice of breeding these birds for business. There is no doubt - the benefits are obvious!
business concept
The quail business is young and quite promising. The occupation of these birds involves growing either for meat or for the purpose of breeding eggs. You will need enthusiasm and initial financial investments. But don't let that worry you - the return will please you. Do not doubt the profitability - poultry farmers claim a figure of 200% per year. These are the golden birds.
Before getting to the heart of the matter, consider the pros of the quail business and the possible risks.
Benefits of a quail business:
Business Models
All cultivated species of quail are conditionally divided according to the specifics:
- meat breeds;
- egg breeds.
Breeding birds for meat
Quail meat breeds are popular with poultry farmers. In 2.5–3 months, with proper care, they gain enough mass for slaughter. On average, females gain 330 grams, males - 300 grams. But egg production is rather weak (only 150 eggs per year).
Individuals are taken for fattening from 30 days of age. This group includes males, culled females, specially reared young and birds that have passed the productive stage of egg production.
Famous meat breeds of quails in our country: "Pharaoh", "American albinos", "Texas giants". All of them are more demanding for care and maintenance than quails of egg breeds.
Meat breeds of birds are placed in small cages or aviaries. In order for the birds to gain the right weight for the right time, they will also have to be fed correctly. If proper care and fattening is organized, tender dietary meat in the planned quantity is guaranteed.
Meat quail - video
Raising quails for eggs
Quail begins to lay eggs from 30-40 days. With proper care, one bird gives up to 25 eggs per month. Increased egg production is seen in birds that are kept either at home or on a farm. But when placing birds in nature, egg production is low: up to 100 eggs per year. The weight of one quail egg is 10 grams.
Quail eggs have a fragile shell. Nature itself took care of the weak chicks, making it easier to leave the walls of their first home.
You can wait for high egg production from quails for up to 10 months, after which they grow old and rush much less often. Not always, but they can be carried until they reach 30 months.
Eggs can only be carried by female quails without the participation of a male. In this case, the eggs will be infertile, and do not expect chicks from them.
At home, birds observe a peculiar egg-laying schedule. Almost like a working week: 5 days carry, 2 days rest.
They place egg quails in cage batteries, ensuring proper feeding, ventilation, lighting and a comfortable temperature.
The most popular egg breeds are: "Japanese quail", "English black quail", "Estonian quail".
Estonian quail - video
Setting up a business: a profitable plan
With a far-reaching approach to raising quails, you should start with official registration. For the successful sale of goods to large retail chains, you will need documents confirming the quality of eggs and carcasses.
Most Suitable economic forms for quail business - LLC or IP.
Forms of business and required documents - table.
If you plan to sell eggs on the market, you will need to obtain a veterinary certificate.
The consumer of quail eggs or meat must be sure of the excellent quality of the product. To enter a large sales market, it is not enough to issue a veterinary certificate. A serious wholesale buyer will ask you for an additional set of documents:
- Certificate of conformity
- Obtaining the original barcode for products
- Acquisition or self-writing specifications(THAT).
When using packaging, a certificate of conformity for this very packaging is useful.
You will have to do microbiological studies of quail eggs, which will be displayed in the corresponding act.
Now you are a thorough seller and you can count on excellent sales.
Farm opening
Room selection
The issue of choosing a room must be approached with responsibility, whether it is rented or own. Clearly compare the possibilities of the premises and the requirements for the care and maintenance of quails.
Here are the space requirements:
- Comfortable temperature inside the room (the norm is 20 ° C, but fluctuations of 18–25 ° C are acceptable).
- Humidity (at the level of 50-60%).
In dry air, quail eat worse, drink a lot of liquid. At the same time, egg production decreases, worsens appearance birds. This condition in quails happens either in the summer in the heat, or with excessive heating in the room. The conclusion is to humidify the air as much as possible (you can place pallets with water on the floor).
- Fresh air. His entry should not be end-to-end. Quails suffer greatly from drafts, and this will first of all result in large-scale baldness of birds. Not only is there no aesthetic appearance, it is also accompanied by a decrease in egg production with the likelihood of a case. According to the scientific approach, 1.5 cubic meters should be supplied in winter. fresh air per 1 kg of birds, and in summer - 5 cubic meters.
- Lighting. There are no clear requirements for the presence of windows. It's even better if they don't. For the productive keeping of birds, daylight hours last 18 hours a day. Lighting is provided by incandescent lamps (40 W) or dim fluorescent lamps.
With round-the-clock lighting, egg production increases by 85%, but females wear out quickly and often require replacement. Bright light causes aggression in birds.
- Sufficient area for placement of quails. For egg breeds, the following ratio is sufficient: 20 birds per 2.2 square meters. area. For meat breeds, the placement is denser: 30–40 heads per 3.6 sq.m.
Quail equipment (maintenance and care)
bird cages
Quail cages have clear design requirements. Farmers buy ready-made or make their own. The second way is cheaper.
To save space in the room, it is practical to install cellular batteries in several tiers.
The walls of the cells are made of fine-mesh mesh, the frame is made of wooden blocks. Mandatory presence of feeders, drinkers, egg collectors for quail egg breeds.
Only the allowed number of birds are placed in the cage. Everything that is above the norm or below the norm does not contribute to the productive maintenance of livestock.
If you are preparing to keep a herd of 1.5 thousand heads, then you will need 6 six-tier cage batteries (when placing 45 adult birds in one cage).
The top of the cage is also meshed to prevent bird strikes.
Each farmer can make cages on his own. The drawing of their design is simple, inexpensive Construction Materials: plywood, wooden blocks, metal fine mesh. The cost of one purchased cell battery will cost up to 10 thousand rubles. Here's the benefit.
Bird breeding incubators
It so happened that cultivated female quails have lost the instinct to hatch offspring. It is impossible to breed quail offspring without the help of an incubator.
The choice of an incubator depends primarily on the planned egg capacity. There are household, farm (1-3 thousand eggs) and industrial (up to 50 thousand eggs) on sale.
Proper selection of eggs for incubation is important. Checking each egg with an ovoscope is welcome. It is not necessary to buy such a device, you can make it yourself.
Each egg is important to inspect before laying in the incubator. Here are the main criteria for verification:
- Egg weight (for egg breeds - 10 grams, for meat breeds - 14 grams). Small fluctuations of 1-2 grams are acceptable.
- No cracks, strong roughness.
- Egg color (moderate in variegation and fading).
- Location of the air chamber (the egg is not suitable if the chamber is located on the side of the sharp end of the egg or on the side).
- Number of yolks (one).
- The correct shape of the egg (eggs of non-standard shape are rejected).
Checking quail eggs - video
Buying eggs for incubation
To reproduce the livestock of quails, the farm keeps its own breeding herd. If there is no such herd, then eggs for incubation will have to be bought.
When buying eggs for incubation, it is important to be sure that the seller is honest. Some egg distributors allow in-breeding of females, thereby reducing the egg fertilization rate by up to 40%. Young animals in this case are frail and painful.
Eggs of females older than eight months are used exclusively for food, they are not suitable for incubation.
Eggs older than 7 days should not be placed in the incubator due to the high risk of loss of offspring.
Eggs of meat and barn breeds for laying in an incubator are selected by weight:
- for meat breeds 12-16 grams;
- for egg breeds 9-11 grams.
Eggs must be clean. Otherwise, they should be cleared. Washing is prohibited! You can gently wipe the dirt with a weak solution of potassium permanganate, do not wipe dry, but let it dry.
You should not discount the fact that if the parent stock was not kept competently enough, then the offspring will experience everything Negative consequences such care.
In order not to start your business with a bad experience, take care to purchase high-quality incubation material.
pen removal machine
Depending on the volume of poultry farming, an additional feather removal machine is purchased. This device will reduce time costs and greatly simplify manual labor.
Types of drinkers
For only hatched chicks and up to 20 days of age, nipple drinkers are used. The advantages of these drinkers: high speed water delivery, protection against dirt and spillage.
For older birds, special nipple drinkers with a 360-degree rotation angle are suitable. The bird presses the drinker from all sides and receives water.
Vacuum shelves are a plastic bucket with a special ring on it. This ring is the drinker. This species is suitable for outdoor quail keeping.
Microcup drinker. Most often used in automated lines. If a special tongue is in the water, its supply to the drinker stops.
Recruitment
In such a business as raising quails, more than ever, the phrase sounds true: "Cadres decide everything." And if not all, then a lot.
A farm can be created by members of the same family. In this case, family members are one team, and everyone is equally interested in the profitability of the common business. All duties are distributed according to the possibility of their implementation among the members of such a team.
Otherwise, you have to hire staff to care for the bird, especially if the farm has more than one thousand heads. You will need services:
- Bird care workers. One worker may well look after 1 thousand birds.
It is important that the workers are balanced people and treat quails with warmth. When caring for birds, you have to be extremely attentive to the manifestation of any changes in the poultry house, to respond in time to negative factors. The worker will have to use all the senses in order to notice changes in the characteristics of the life of birds: smell, hearing, sight, touch.
- A manager who will try to sell all the products of your poultry farm.
- Accountant. In the process of doing economic activity there are many questions with customers and government authorities, which are best left to a specialist.
And, in general, approach the choice of frames carefully, because it depends on them how far your ship will sail.
Buying birds
If you decide to buy a bird, and not eggs for incubation, then you should contact the quail farm. You can not only personally communicate with quail sellers, but also collect necessary information about their integrity. According to the experience of experienced poultry farmers, you should not blindly trust the seller in selecting birds for your farm. If you do not understand young quails, then it is better to take someone more experienced to help.
The selection of quails for purchase is done as follows:
- A bird is selected that has laid at least one egg (50 days from birth). The presence of egg production is the first sign that you have a female quail in front of you;
- Pay attention to the legs of quails. They should shine, be free of growths and corns;
- if you are examining a female, pay attention to the oviduct (it should not fall out);
- in young birds, the feather is smooth, shiny, without bald spots;
- healthy bird activity.
Be sure to ask the seller for advice on how to handle the bird. A caring poultry breeder will definitely help you.
Quail Care
Proper quail care includes the following work:
- Periodically (as far as severe contamination) all cell batteries must be thoroughly washed from stubborn dirt. To do this, the cells are either soaked in water or a special solution is applied to soak the dirt. Then all the dirt is washed off with a stream of water with strong pressure.
- All drinkers, feeders, water supply systems for drinking bowls are disinfected and thoroughly washed (1 time per month).
- Sanitization of the locations of cell batteries is carried out (1 time per month).
- Every day it is worth cleaning the cage trays from droppings, crushed eggs.
- do once a week general cleaning poultry house.
- Disinfection of cages and incubators is allowed to be carried out using a quartz lamp.
Quail feeding
Complete nutrition is a guarantee rapid development birds. Do not try to save money on feeding quails, this is a bad idea. In a short time, such optimization leads only to irreparable losses.
The feed must contain all the necessary components for the growth and development of birds. A novice farmer is quite capable of preparing it on his own.
First, let's talk about ready-made food. They are considered balanced and save you time.
The purchased feed consists of half grains, and the rest is additives, taking into account the age of the livestock.
Strictly adhere to the feeding rate for 1 individual according to the instructions for the feed. Underfeeding and overfeeding are highly undesirable.
Ready-made feed for early ages in the first days of life should be soaked with water.
Examples of feed for early ages and their composition - table.
Examples of compound feed for adults and their composition - table.
You can make your own bird food. It will not differ in any way from the purchased one in terms of usefulness and value, and even surpass it. Quails are picky in food, but in any case, the value of food should not be lost.
So, for self-prepared feed for young animals (from 0 to 30 days) you will need:
- 770 gr wheat;
- 300 gr corn kernels;
- 75 gr barley.
Mix and crush the grain!
- 1/3 teaspoon vegetable oil;
- 1/3 teaspoon bone meal.
- 1/3 teaspoon salt and ALL MIX.
This amount of the mixture is enough to feed one quail for 1 month. When calculating the feed per bird, it is required to multiply each component of the mixture by the number of birds.
To prepare food for adult quails, you will need to mix:
- 770 gr corn kernels (thoroughly dried);
- 300 gr wheat;
- 75 gr dry peas.
Shatter everything!
- 1/2 teaspoon vegetable oil;
- 2/3 tablespoon of table salt;
- 2/3 tablespoon of chalk;
- 2/3 tablespoon of crushed shells.
Mix the mixture thoroughly. The resulting mass is enough to feed one adult for one month. Multiply these figures by the number of birds.
You can feed not only 100% ready-made food, but also add supplements to the food yourself. For very small chicks - up to 10 days old - you can add chopped grass, low-fat cottage cheese (knead well), yogurt, an egg.
Young animals are allowed to eat up to 5-6 times a day, older birds 2-3 times.
Weekly quails eat 3-4 grams of feed per day, in one month old 15–25 grams. Males eat less food than females.
Young Animal Care - Video
Quail development cycle from birth to a month - video
Sales preparation
Bird slaughter
Before slaughtering quails, you should not feed for 5 hours. But give plenty to drink.
For convenience, it is best to use an automated line to give the slaughtered bird a marketable appearance. In the process of passing through such a line, the bird is decapitated in a certain neck area, bled, and heat treated (55 degrees). Further, limbs are cut off on a special machine.
The plumage is removed from the carcasses in a special centrifugal-type feathering machine (the plumage is removed up to 97%).
Chilled carcasses are stored at a temperature of 0 - +4 degrees Celsius for up to 4 days, after which they are frozen. So that they do not stick together, each can be wrapped with parchment. Frozen carcasses are stored at -18 for up to three months. At the same time, they do not lose their taste properties.
Egg collection
Freshly laid quail eggs are carefully collected in convenient containers (plastic, cardboard) of 10, 12, 14 pieces. Eggs in a plastic container should "breathe" freely. There must be partitions between each egg. Eggs are laid blunt end up.
The collected eggs are stored at a temperature of +2 - +10 for up to 25 days.
Growing quails at home
The smell from the bird is quite sharp, so you should take care of the timely replacement of the bedding (paper, clean sand).
If you intend to grow quails at home profitably, then we will talk about cages suitable for farming.
You can place cages in outbuildings. Walls and floors are whitewashed with quicklime to kill potentially dangerous microbes.
You can use a cellular battery to save floor space. Indoor conditions are similar to those of a farm (temperature, humidity, feed fixtures). Quails are fed by analogy with farming.
It is permissible to keep quails in the home room, on the balcony of the apartment, while creating suitable conditions (sound insulation, thermal insulation, no harsh noise, dim light, no direct sunlight).
A livestock of 1 thousand birds may well be looked after by 1 person. You can raise poultry at home for eggs and meat.
Now consider an example of the economic benefits of breeding quails at home.
You can breed overfishing for eggs and meat. We make cages, feeders, drinkers on our own - it's more profitable. At first you will try yourself in this business at no additional cost, and with the receipt of the first profit, you may want to improve everything.
You choose which quails of what age you want to buy. You can buy birds different ages so that one species already lays eggs and begins to pay for your project. Broiler quails will give you the opportunity to eat environmentally friendly dietary meat, as well as provide relatives, friends, neighbors with such a valuable product (of course, with benefits).
To accommodate 100 quails, you will have to allocate 0.5 square meters. m. of floor space (using a cellular battery of 2-3 tiers).
Initial expenses - table.
Monthly expenses - table.
Monthly income, taking into account the fact that the entire population is egg-bearing - a table.
Net profit per month will be 1790 rubles from 100 birds. The optimal number of quails in cramped conditions(apartment) 500 - 1 thousand heads.
And for a private farmstead, the scope of the case can be done much more - up to 2.5 thousand quails.
It is unlikely that you will become a large breeder with such a population of birds, but you will earn a comfortable life.
Sales of products
The farm should establish regular sales of quail eggs for a number of reasons. This product is perishable, requires special conditions storage and transportation.
Well-established sales are a guarantee of your prosperity.
Here are some ways to market products you can take into account:
- Sale on the market in a specially designated place. Long-term lease is possible for the subsequent recognition of your products in the market.
- Sales of eggs through a store, retail chains (possibly in bulk).
- Opening your own website, where you can not only talk about your products, but also find a real wholesale buyer.
- Selling directly from the poultry farm.
- Contract for the supply of quality products to restaurants, cafes, canteens.
If you are an amateur poultry farmer, then sales can be organized in the same market, through friends and acquaintances. You will need a veterinary certificate for the products.
advertising question
- Internet (sites of free/paid ads);
- newspapers (ads, advertising modules, articles about your poultry farm);
- rental of banners in passage places;
- distribution / mailboxes of information leaflets;
- creating your own website with a maximum of useful information about your products;
- informing through social networks;
- leave your notes and comments on the forums;
- Word of mouth is a win-win.
A small farm allows you to keep quails almost at home. Don't forget to emphasize this in your ad!
Costs and income. Profitability calculation
Let's consider an example of expenses and incomes when keeping 1 thousand heads of quails.
One-time costs - table
Monthly expenses - table.
Monthly income - table.
We begin to receive profit from the end of the first month.
The daily income with the maximum allowance for all costs is 1250 rubles, and this is taking into account the hired worker for the livestock of 1 thousand birds. Such work can be done independently, then the profit, respectively, will be higher. But to develop your own business, you will have to devote a lot of time to advertising and organizational issues (rent of trading places, search for consumers, conclusion of supply contracts).
The quail business is quickly paid back, profitability (taking into account the payback of all costs) for 1 year will be 130%.
It is logical that with an increase in livestock, with a competent approach, profits will increase in proportion.
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