Equipment for the production of disposable spoons. Production of disposable tableware: business plan with calculations. Where to locate production

Compact and lightweight plastic utensils are very popular in the world and Russia. It is widely used in everyday life and grocery business. In dynamics for 2005-2016 The volume of the market for these products in our country grew. On average, by 10-15% annually, it continues to grow even now.

Under these conditions, open a small plant for the production disposable tableware Seems interesting idea. The article will tell about the features of the production of plastic products, about the situation on the market. In it you will find economic calculations business payback.

Sales market

Disposable market plastic tableware began to develop rapidly in the country after 2000. Apart from Russian manufacturers were engaged in the supply of these products European countries. Among the main exporters are Germany, Italy, Finland. The market grew steadily even during the 2009 global financial crisis.

Now a barrier has been set up for foreign producers - high import duties. It opened additional features for domestic enterprises.

Now Russian market disposable tableware is open to new members - it is approximately 75-80% full. A large share of the products produced in the country goes to the EAEU market, mainly to Belarus and Kazakhstan. Consumption volumes in Russia continue to consistently increase.

Potential consumers

Among the main consumers of disposable tableware:

points Catering- share more than 50%;
catering (holiday events, cooperatives) - 20-25%;
seasonal outdoor cafes - 15-20%
retail sales in stores - about 10%.

The entrepreneur needs to count on selling goods to stores in bulk.

You can also highlight the direction of vending - the sale of food through vending machines. In Russia, this direction is only developing, so the prospects are extremely bright.

There is a comparison of the situation in the Russian and Western markets, in our country the level of consumption is noticeably lower. This suggests that the market has room for growth.

Benefits of disposable tableware

The high popularity of disposable tableware is due to its undoubted advantages:

Light weight and no risk of breaking it. Plastic dishes are convenient to take with you on picnics, hiking. With a high capacity, it is compact, taking up little space in luggage.
Hygiene. It is suitable for single use, then thrown away. Therefore, there is no risk of “picking up” an intestinal infection.
Chemical resistance and heat resistance. The dishes are easy to use for hot dishes.
Multifunctionality. Cutlery (spoons, forks, knives) and other utensils (glasses, plates) of various sizes and shapes are made of plastic.
Safety. In accordance with GOSTs, plastic utensils are safe for health.
Low price. The main advantage is that a person with any salary can buy disposable tableware.

Initial Costs

Setting up a small disposable tableware factory will require a substantial initial investment. The main items of expenditure are the acquisition of high-quality equipment and the payment of wages to employees. High wages you need to install the chief technologist - a specialist on whom the quality of the finished product directly depends.

Table 1. Calculation of the initial investment to start production.

The cost of renting a room is for a provincial city with a population of up to 1 million people.

Registration

You can start a business both in the form of an individual entrepreneur and as a legal entity (LLC). Work as individual entrepreneur suitable for starting a small production workshop. But large catering companies as well as retail chains prefer to work with legal persons.

The OKVED code upon registration is 25.24.2 (“Production of plastic table and kitchen utensils, toiletries”).

You do not need to obtain a license, but the work should be brought into line with GOSTs. industrial production you can start after receiving from Rospotrebnadzor a certificate of product quality and its compliance with GOST.

All wholesale buyers will request certificates of conformity, they will not buy without them.

Documentation

Below is a list of standards that are important to study and take into account when organizing the production of disposable tableware:

GOST R 50962-96 - “Utensils and household items made of plastic. General technical conditions”;
GOST 15820-82 - "Polystyrene and styrene copolymers";
GN 2.3.3.972-00 - instead of SanPiN No. 42-123-4240-86 "Permissible migration quantities (DKM) of chemicals released from polymeric and other materials in contact with food products and methods for their determination”;
SP 2.2.2.1327-03 - "Hygienic requirements for the organization of technological processes, production equipment and workplace";
GN 2.2.4.1313-03 - "MAC of harmful substances in the air of the working area".

room

It is better to look for a production facility outside the city, far from residential areas, because the production of plastic utensils is accompanied by harmful fumes. In addition, the work of the workshop in such places is cheaper - both in terms of the cost of rent and the amount of staff wages. It is not necessary to locate the object too far from sales markets in order to avoid the growth of logistics costs.

On an area of 120-150 sq. m will be located directly manufacturing facility, warehouses, staff quarters, administrative rooms.

When choosing and arranging the territory for a mini-factory, the following requirements are taken into account:

the presence of a concrete floor or flat tiles;
wall covering with tiles or other fireproof material;
ceiling height not less than 4.5-5 m;
availability of serviceable engineering communications - powerful ventilation and power supply (three-phase network, 380V).

Raw material

Polystyrene or polypropylene are used as raw materials for the manufacture of plastic tableware. You can use granular polystyrene (granulate), which is processed into a film. From the film and form products.

Can you already buy finished semi-finished product- polystyrene film. It is more expensive, but the production process with it is accelerated. It is recommended to buy all the equipment, to provide a full production cycle. In the long run, it will pay off and reduce costs. finished products to the minimum.

The most important thing when choosing raw materials is the absence of harmful impurities. You need to choose only food grade polystyrene.

Equipment for the production of disposable tableware

The main item of expenditure in organizing a business is the purchase of equipment. On sale there are expensive German equipment, cheaper Chinese. You can buy used equipment, but in this case you will have to budget for unforeseen expenses - for repairs.

Under the terms of our business plan, a ready-made line for the production of disposable tableware is purchased. It will ensure the automation of the process and the high quality of the final product. The cost of such a line is 4 million rubles, the productivity is 30 thousand units of products per hour. Its design includes an extruder, an injection molding machine, a trimmer, presses, and an edge bending machine.

You can also buy a shredder and an image printer. Although the work of the workshop is possible without them.

Production technology

Raw materials are added to the extruder. The plastic balls heat up and melt. Using a screw press, they are mixed into a mass until smooth. In addition to white balls, you can add multi-colored ones. This allows you to create dishes of a specific color.
Liquid viscous melt is passed through a press. This is how a canvas, a film, is created, the thickness of which is up to 2 mm. It is rolled up or sent for further processing.
In the thermoforming machine, the film is reheated and pulled into the molds.
The canvas with rows of shapes extruded in it enters the trimmer, which cuts out blanks.
The blanks are sorted and modified on the conveyor - the edges are bent. Then the packaging is done.

Unused plastic trimmings from the trimmer can be reloaded into the extruder for melting.

Staff

Table 3. List of workers required for production.

Job Title	Main functions
Manager, 1 person	Control over work, interaction with contractors
Chief technologist, foreman, 1 person	Control over the process and manufacturability of production
Workers, 2 people	Work on equipment
Loaders, 2 pers.	Supply of raw materials, unloading and loading operations
Driver, 1 person	Logistics, delivery of goods
Sales manager, 1 person	Search for buyers, conclusion of supply contracts
Cleaners, 2 pers.	Cleaning and keeping the shop clean

Total - 11 people. The functions of the manager (director) can be performed by the entrepreneur himself (at first). The accountant should be hired by outsourcing.

The main task is to find qualified workers. You can “make” the chief technologist yourself by sending your person for training to the manufacturer. Subsequently, he will train workers from scratch.

Financial plan: profitability and payback

Initial costs amounted to 5.28 million rubles.

Monthly expenses are made up of the following items:

purchase of raw materials for production;
rent price;
staff salaries;
additional and unaccounted expenses.

In total - 1.3 million rubles.

In 22 work shifts, 5,280,000 items will be produced.

30000 × 8 × 22 = 5.28 million pieces

The average retail price of 1 item (cup, plate, cutlery) is 31 kopecks. When selling products produced in a month, you can earn 1.63 million rubles.

Net profit is 330 thousand rubles. Accordingly, the business for the production of disposable tableware will be able to fully pay for itself in 16 months, then it will begin to bring a stable monthly income to its owner.

Possible risks

The main risks for a businessman are:

Competition. There are many large manufacturers of disposable tableware in Russia, which have already established themselves and have good reputation. It's about how about domestic companies, and about foreign ones, which continue deliveries to the Russian Federation, even despite high duties. In addition, some foreign manufacturers simply placed factories in Russia.
Uncertain prospects and status. Abroad (including in the states Western Europe) thought about banning the use of disposable plastic tableware. Replacing it with paper is a way to reduce harm to the Earth's biosphere. There is also talk about this in Russia, although it is more difficult for us to implement the idea due to the lack of a mechanism for separate collection garbage.

It is expected that in the next decade in our country the demand for plastic tableware will remain high. Under such conditions, production on an industrial scale (with its proper organization) will allow a businessman to gain a foothold in the market, gain valuable experience and a large gesheft for further expansion and diversification. Our business plan for organizing the production of disposable tableware will allow you to better understand the issue, evaluate your investment opportunities, the approximate amount of work and potential profit.

In today's world, the production and sale of disposable tableware is constantly growing, and this trend has been observed for a number of years. The popularity of such dishes is quite justified - plastic glasses, plates, forks and spoons are very inexpensive, absolutely safe for health and hygienic (they are simply thrown away after use). Disposable tableware is of particular importance for enterprises fast food, in which it is used extremely actively and in large quantities.

The history of plastic utensils in the United States

The birthplace of plastic tableware is the United States of America. It was in this country in the middle of the last century that a certain William Dart invented a plastic cup, the very first in the world. He patented his revolutionary invention and founded the Dart Container Corporation. Today it occupies a third of the entire US disposable packaging market. A little later, in addition to plastic glasses, they began to produce plates, forks, spoons and knives. The production of disposable tableware in Moscow and other cities of our country began only in the mid-90s of the last century. Prior to that, it was imported from abroad, which at some point became economically unprofitable. Now in Russia there are many large and small enterprises for the production of disposable tableware, which almost completely cover the needs of the domestic market in it.

Equipment for the production of plastic tableware

Modern technology for the production of disposable tableware involves the use of specialized equipment, which includes:

Extruders;
thermoforming machines;
Automatic production lines.

Extruders are needed in order to produce a plastic sheet from which dishes are further molded. This process is carried out using thermoforming machines. The largest and modern enterprises equipped with specialized automatic production lines with high productivity. As for the cost of equipment for the production of plastic disposable tableware, it is quite high. For example, a new European-made high-performance extruder costs about $500,000, and a thermoforming machine costs about $40,000.

Raw materials for the production of plastic tableware

In Russia, the main raw materials for the production of disposable plastic tableware are polystyrene and polypropylene. These materials meet all sanitary and hygienic standards, do not emit any substances harmful to human health. For production, they are delivered most often in the form of granules.

In this article:

Disposable plastic utensils are no longer a novelty. This is an affordable and convenient way to reduce cleaning time and the weight of luggage on vacation or during transportation. Despite the noise periodically rising in the press about the harm of plastic containers, it is in wide and constant demand. Because this is comfort for little money, and the “danger” of plastic for food is easily neutralized by its correct use. This product will always have its buyer. But will its production be profitable? Let's consider it step by step.

Areas of application and possible marketing

Plastic products in today's disposable tableware market: plates, cups, shot glasses, skewers, drink stirrers, spoons, knives, forks, trays and food storage containers various forms and sizes. Dishes are made of simple and foamed polystyrene (for cold products) or polypropylene (for high temperatures, microwave ovens).

Scopes of plastic utensils:

catering points operating on the principles of "fast food" (pancake shops, pizzerias, children's cafes, canteens);
enterprises for the delivery of ready-made meals to your home or office;
grocery stores;
food production enterprises;
outlets with goods by weight (confectionery, dairy products, ready-made salads).

A huge segment of the disposable tableware market is occupied by plastic cups - they are used almost everywhere: in offices, sanatoriums, children's and sports facilities (for coolers, in vending machines for hot and cold drinks, in catering). Of course, the level of competition here is much higher than in the manufacture of other plastic tableware products.

To start production, you should decide on the product range. To do this, you need to assess the presence of competing enterprises in the region, their range and pricing policy. Despite the large number of offers on the market of plastic products, it is possible that there will be no worthy competitors, since great amount plastic tableware is brought from China, and, as practice shows, the buyer is more loyal to a domestic manufacturer, even if the price of his products is higher.

Organizational issues of registering a business for the production of plastic utensils

The choice of organizational form for legal registration business depends on the size of the planned profit. It can be either an individual entrepreneur (for a small enterprise) or an LLC. The latter, despite the greater number of document flow, is much easier to agree on cooperation with large enterprises both when purchasing a raw material base, and when concluding contracts for the supply of finished products. Traditionally, there is more trust in a legal entity. Yes, and VAT refunds are important in the tax optimization procedure. Therefore, the optimal organizational form for starting production is an LLC on the general taxation system, including VAT.

The following code should be indicated as the main activity: 25.24.2 Manufacture of plastic tableware, kitchen utensils and toiletries

The activity for the production of plastic utensils is not licensed, but it will be necessary to issue certificates and technical specifications for the compliance of finished products with SanPiN standards and the requirements of GOSTs.

Pay attention to the following regulatory documents:

GOST R 50962-96 - “Utensils and household items made of plastic. General technical conditions”;
GOST 15820-82 - "Polystyrene and styrene copolymers";
GN 2.3.3.972-00 - instead of SanPiN No. 42-123-4240-86 "Permissible migration quantities (DKM) of chemicals emitted from polymeric and other materials in contact with food and methods for their determination";
SP 2.2.2.1327-03 - "Hygienic requirements for the organization of technological processes, production equipment and workplace";
GN 2.2.4.1313-03 - "MAC of harmful substances in the air of the working area".

The nuances of choosing a production facility

If it is planned to manufacture a full cycle with the operation of an extruder, the following requirements must be met:

the height of the room is not lower than 4.5 m;
floor - concrete or tile;
walls - 1.5-2 m from the floor surface are finished with non-combustible material;
good ventilation; - possibility of connection to the water supply system;
connection to a 3-phase power supply.

If the finished film is used as a raw material (in fact, work is carried out on a thermal press and packaging), the ceiling height is acceptable lower, but not less than 3.5 m.

By function production room should be divided into the following zones:

Workshop for the production of plastic utensils;
Administrative and amenity premises;
Warehouse for storage of raw materials;
Warehouse for storage of finished products;
Locker rooms for staff;
Bathroom.

Raw materials - choose quality

Technological process of plastic tableware production

Depending on the type of product, there are two technologies for the production of plastic utensils: molding and casting. Thick-walled tableware (cutlery, premium-class goods: glasses, wine glasses, glasses according to individually made forms) is made by the casting method. The casting process is rather slow, the production cost is high, since here the weight determines the quality and strength of the finished product. For example, the weight of a standard cup with a capacity of 200 ml is 3 g, made by injection molding - up to 10g.

The manufacture of dishes by the molding method is more promising for mass consumption. The automated molding line can produce up to 30 million cups (13-18 million plates) per month.

Let's consider step by step the technology of manufacturing plastic utensils in this way:

1. Raw materials in the form of polyester residues (recycled) or finished pellets are fed into the extruder. If it is planned to produce colored dishes, colored ones are added to white granules.

2. In the extruder, the granules are heated to the melting temperature, the melt is constantly mixed with a screw press. Having reached the desired consistency, the mass passes through the press, forming a plastic sheet, about 2 mm thick. Basic requirement- uniform thickness of the resulting product.

3. Ready film roll enters thermoforming machine, where, depending on the type of product, molds of various configurations are used.

4. But before forming blanks for future dishes, the film must be heated. To do this, it is sent through a 3-meter furnace, which heats the material to a plastic state.

5. In the thermoforming machine, the web is sucked tightly into the molds.

With the help of a press, finished products (cups, plates, packages) are squeezed row by row.

7. The resulting film scraps are disposed of for further use. Thus, manufacturing process turns out to be wasteless.

8. The trimmer transfers the products to the machine, which stacks the products and transfers them to the conveyor belt.

9. The tape transfers products to packaging. Or for further modification (heating and rolling of the upper edge of the cups, to form rounded rims; applying printed images and logos), and then on the packaging.

We draw up a business plan for the production of plastic dishes

1. Enterprise LLC "X" plans to produce the following product

cutlery (spoons, knives, forks);
glasses (with a capacity of 200 ml);
dishes.

2. Raw materials

for the manufacture of cutlery and plates - polypropylene;
for cups - polystyrene.

The manufactured products will be transparent (glasses) and white (the rest of the goods), since the color additives contain dyes-chemicals that are harmful to health. Waste-free production (film residues are remelted in an extruder for further use).

3. Sales

stationary catering points (50%);
population and offices (20%) - seasonal outdoor retail outlets (20%);
cafe (5%);
lunch delivery, baking and confectionery (8%).

4. Room

Rented industrial premises - 500 m 2 * 1400 rubles / m 2. Rental price - 700,000 rubles / month. (8,400,000 rubles/year)

5. Capital investment

A) Technological equipment(the price includes delivery of the line to the production workshop, installation, commissioning, personnel training):

Extruder - 1,048,950 rubles,
Thermoforming machines - 2 pieces * 672,000 rubles = 1,344,000 rubles,
Molds - 5 pieces * 241 710 = 1 208 550 rubles,
Compressor - 600 600 rubles.

B) Additional equipment:

2 computers and office equipment - 65,100 rubles,
transport (Gazelle car) - 3 * 82,950 = 248,850 rubles.

Total - 4,516,050 rubles.

6.Calculation of production capacity

M = release rate (according to technical data) * equipment operating time

It is planned to work in 2 shifts of 8 hours with a break for lunch (Saturday, Sunday, official holidays - days off).

Projected equipment operation time = (calendar days - weekends - holidays) * number of working hours * number of shifts \u003d 249 * 7 * 2 \u003d 3486 hours / year

Excluding 60 hours/year of downtime for maintenance and repair work - 3426 hours/year.
Production capacity \u003d productivity rate * number of equipment in operation * equipment operation time

In accordance with the characteristics of the equipment, we will calculate the production capacity for each type of product:

M (glasses) \u003d 20,000 pieces * 1 * 3426 h \u003d 68,520,000 pieces / year

M (plates) = 18,000 pieces * 1 * 3426h = 61,668,000 pieces / year

M (knives) = 21,000 pieces * 1 * 3426h = 71,946,000 pieces / year

M (forks) = 21,000 pieces * 1 * 3426h = 71,946,000 pieces / year

M (spoons) \u003d 21000 pieces * 1 * 3426h \u003d 71,946,000 pieces / year

7. Calculation of material costs

Material costs for the production of 1 unit of production = the amount of consumable material * the purchase price of the material.

Plates (0.005 kg x 61,668,000 pieces) x 40 rubles = 12,333,600 rubles.

Cups (0.004 kg x 68,520,000 pieces) x 36 rubles = 9,866,880 rubles.

Cutlery - (0.002 kg x 71946000 pieces x 3) x 40 rubles = 17,267,040 rubles.

Other material costs (packaging, fuel, etc.) - 9,866,880 rubles.

Total material costs - 49,334,400 rubles / year.

8. Personnel and payroll

The number and total payroll for the year (including vacation pay and bonuses in the season) to ensure 2 shift work enterprises:

Director - 435,600 rubles,
Accountant - 382,800 rubles,
Technologists (2 * 211,200 rubles) - 422,400 rubles,
Equipment adjusters (2*204,600 rubles) - 409,200 rubles,
Workers (20 * 198,000) - 3,960,000 rubles,
Loaders (4 * 184 800) - 739 200 rubles,
Drivers (4 * 171600) - 686 400 rubles,
Cleaners (2 * 165,000) - 330,000 rubles.

Total total wage fund - 7,365,600 rubles / year

Payroll taxes (UST) will amount to 1,915,056 rubles/year

During the high season (April-September), it is planned to create additional places and flexible working hours for general workers (students).

9. Calculation of the cost of production

The cost of a unit of production is calculated as the sum of material costs, wage costs and social needs(UST), depreciation and other costs (rent + advertising).

Plates - 14,309,976 (material costs) + 1,473,120 (salary) + 383,011.2 (UST) + 1,578,821 (depreciation) + 1,741,000 (rent + advertising) = 19,485,928.20 rubles

The cost of 1 plate is 19,485,928.20 rubles / 61,668,000 pieces = 0.32 rubles

By analogy, we calculate the cost of other products:

cups - 0.25 rubles / piece,
cutlery - 0.18 rubles / piece

10. Determination of the selling wholesale price

Product unit price = Cost of 1 piece + Profit margin (according to standards - 25%)

We calculate the minimum sales price threshold for wholesale:

plates - 0.32 + (0.32 * 25%) \u003d 0.40 rubles.
glasses - 0.25 + (0.25 * 25%) \u003d 0.31 rubles.
cutlery - 0.18 + (0.18 * 25%) \u003d 0.23 rubles.

11. Calculation of the production program

Sales proceeds \u003d number of pieces of products / year * price per piece

Glasses - 68,520,000 pieces / year * 0.31 rubles = 21,241,200 rubles / year

Plates - 61,668,000 pieces / year * 0.40 rubles = 24,667,200 rubles / year

Knives - 71,946,000 pieces / year * 0.23 rubles = 16,547,580 rubles / year

Forks - 71,946,000 pieces / year * 0.23 rubles = 16,547,580 rubles / year

Spoons - 71,946,000 pieces / year * 0.23 rubles = 16,547,580 rubles / year

Total revenue for the year: 95,551,140 rubles / year.

12. Calculation of balance and net profit

Based on the calculated data, we compose financial plan production of plastic tableware in value terms:

Sales proceeds - 95,551,140 rubles / year,
The cost of dishes - 75 217 160 rubles / year,
Profit from sales (balance sheet) - 20,333,980 rubles / year, (Revenue - Cost)
Income tax (20%) - 4,066,796 rubles / year, Net profit \u003d Balance sheet profit - Income tax \u003d 16,267,184 rubles / year.

13. Profitability calculation

Product profitability is calculated by the formula: P = (Balance profit: Cost price) x 100% P = 20,333,980: 75,217,160 * 100% = 27%

Conclusion: The plastic tableware business is profitable with large scale sales. Subject to estimated load production capacity, the initial investment in a business project can pay off within 2-3 months.

Can the production of disposable tableware be an idea for profitable business? The demand for such products is quite high. For example, in Lately disposable paper cups for takeaway coffee are very popular - they are in any coffee shop. Sets of plastic forks and plates are regularly required by people celebrating corporate parties in the office or going on picnics. How much does it cost to organize a disposable tableware enterprise and what equipment is required for this?

In some European countries, the authorities are trying to limit the use and production of disposable tableware - it is considered harmful to the environment. Indeed, plastic does not decompose, but for the manufacture disposable cups quality wood is used. But this trend has not yet reached Russia and is unlikely to reach in the near future. Disposable coffee cups and plastic containers seem to have become an integral part of urban life.

For this reason, the production of plastic tableware and paper cups is a profitable business idea. Disposable tableware is as much in demand as handkerchiefs or wet wipes. It is hygienic, easy to use, does not require washing and other care.

At the same time, competition in the field is quite high. A novice manufacturer will have to not only establish a technological process, but also think about a marketing campaign. From the outset, it is important to determine competitive advantages: unusual shape, beautiful colors, printing of corporate logos of establishments on glasses (very popular among coffee houses).

Disposable tableware is as much in demand as handkerchiefs or wet wipes.

Features of the production of plastic and paper utensils

Sets of plastic plates and forks can be found in every supermarket. They are made from polystyrene or polypropylene. The first material is more brittle, but resistant to moisture, temperature and is well processed by mechanical means. Polypropylene is stronger and cheaper than polystyrene.

In the production of dishes from these materials, the same equipment is used. The technological process is similar: raw material melting, sheet preparation, stamping and packaging. We will consider manufacturing technologies in more detail in a special section.

For the manufacture of paper dishes, laminated cardboard with a density of 120-280 grams per 1 m2 is most often used. This material is not affected by moisture due to lamination, and also allows you to print company logos on finished products in good quality.Cardboard is less harmful to environment A: Even laminated material decomposes within 3 years. On average, for the production of 100 thousand units of goods, about 1 ton of raw materials is consumed.

It is important to note that disposable plastic tableware is subject to mandatory certification. Plastic products must contain a mark on the class of the material from which they are made. So, the most dangerous and suitable only for a single use without heating, polyethylene terephthalate is suitable for storing vegetable oils and ketchups, and polystyrene is suitable for storing and heat treating any food.

The paper coffee cup has become an indispensable attribute of urban life.

How to organize production

The choice of equipment is of key importance for organizing the production of plastic cups and other disposable tableware. Modern production complexes are almost completely automated and do not require much human intervention. It is worth starting the organization of your business by drawing up a business plan, calculating costs and, of course, studying production technology.

The advantage of the business is the almost complete automation of production processes, combined with stable and high demand. Among the minuses, high competition is in the lead (in the production of plastic tableware, it is much higher than in the production of paper cups).

Technologies

What is disposable plastic and cardboard cups? Plastic production includes the following steps:

Heating of raw materials, melting and mixing in the extruder.
The finished raw material is pressed to the state of a plastic sheet.
The plastic sheet is placed in a thermoforming machine, where products (plates, glasses, cutlery) are formed from it.
Products are cut out of canvas and packaged.
The rest of the plastic is returned for remelting.

In this way, a fairly simple, almost fully automated and waste-free production is obtained. Paper cups made of cardboard are produced a little differently:

Laminated cardboard sheets are printed with a logo or pattern.
The resulting sheets are cut to the size of future glasses.
The blanks are wrapped around a round blank, the seam is fastened, the edges are formed, the bottom is inserted.
Finished glasses are packed.

Thus, the manufacture of cardboard dishes is much easier in terms of technological process, but more expensive - requires more expensive raw materials. Plastic lids are required for coffee paper cups, so it would be promising to organize the production of tableware from both types of raw materials at the enterprise.

Colored plastic utensils are more in demand than white ones.

Premises selection

Equipment for disposable tableware takes up quite a lot of space. To organize comfortable working conditions for employees, a workshop with an area of at least 300 square meters, connected to all communications, will be required. It is divided into the following zones:

work area with equipment;
warehouse for storage of raw materials;
warehouse for finished products;
locker rooms and a lounge for employees;
office space for management staff.

Production is conveniently located in a remote part of the city, but it is important to take into account the availability of convenient access roads. If an entrepreneur plans to produce only one type of tableware (only plastic or only paper), a smaller area can be dispensed with. It is important that the workshop is well lit and equipped with a ventilation system. This will make working conditions more comfortable.

Equipment selection

To organize the production cycle for the manufacture of plastic utensils, the following equipment will be required:

extruder. This apparatus melts plastic and forms a canvas out of it, from which disposable tableware is later molded and cut.
thermoforming machine. It heats the plastic sheet and makes recesses in it according to the shape of future products. The process takes only a few seconds.
Compressor. Extrudes products from the fabric after the thermoforming machine.
Packing machine. Packs ready-made dishes in batches. Sometimes this stage is done by hand, but this is much less efficient.
Crusher for plastic. Processes the remnants of the plastic web: melts them and forms a new web for products.

The cost of equipment for the production of plastic dishes is approaching 1 million rubles

For the production of cups from laminated cardboard, other equipment is required:

Machine for flexo printing. Prints drawings and logos on sheets of cardboard.
Glass molding machine. Cuts cardboard into blanks of different sizes for the future product.
Spinning machine. Wraps the workpiece around the round roller, stitches and inserts the bottom.
Special apparatus for the production of plastic caps.

For the purchase of equipment that produces plastic dishes, it will take from 600 thousand to 1 million rubles. If we add machines for paper cups to this, we get an additional 500-800 thousand rubles. Prices for devices depend on the manufacturer and capacity. You can save some money by finding used machines. But in general, it will not work to pick up the cost cheaper and significantly cut spending.

Purchase of raw materials

Plastic tableware is made from polypropylene or polystyrene in granules. Buying granules and melting them yourself is much more profitable than buying a finished film. With this option, the production is waste-free (the remnants of the plastic sheet can be melted down and reused). One ton of granules costs 18-20 thousand rubles, and a ton of finished film costs about 45 thousand. The difference and benefit is clear. You can buy ordinary white granules or colored ones (colored dishes sell better).

Raw material offer Russian companies"Plast-plus", "RosEcoPlast", "TIS", "EuroPlast".

For the manufacture of paper cups, laminated cardboard is used, which is purchased in large rolls. An average roll weighing 1 ton is enough for 100,000 cups. The cost of laminated cardboard is approximately 30-40 thousand rubles per ton.

Required personnel

Modern production of disposable tableware is highly automated. Therefore, there is no need to look for workers with any special education. Any person can master the work of machines within a few days. Among personal qualities, one can single out ability to work, attentiveness and quickness.

The staff of the enterprise must include at least 8 workers, among whom areas of responsibility and equipment are distributed. Modern technology quite safe, but in any case, safety briefings and brief training are mandatory.

Sales of products

Manufacturers of disposable tableware have several options for distribution channels. The simplest of them is cooperation with shops and supermarkets. Through them, you can constantly sell large quantities of goods. Sets of plates and forks, as well as glasses are in the greatest demand. A promising variety can be called the production of disposable glasses - they are popular in corporate events and buffets.

Paper cups are made from thick laminated cardboard.

Paper Cup Customers - these are cafes and coffee houses selling coffee to go. They can buy both finished products and order glasses with own logos. When looking for first customers, it would be wise to contact commercial offer to establishments in your city.

Your own website can be a very good tool for increasing sales and finding customers. It would be helpful to set up contextual advertising: then ads for the production of tableware will be seen by users looking for similar products.

Calculation of the profitability of the enterprise

The purchase of equipment will require an average of 1.5 million rubles. To this amount, you need to add the rental of premises, payment of utilities and the purchase of raw materials - approximately another 300-500 thousand rubles. Suppose that the entrepreneur spent 2 million rubles on the opening of production.

For an 8-hour shift, modern equipment can produce approximately 18 thousand units of products. They will be sold at an average price of 1 to 3 rubles, with a cost of 10 kopecks to 1.5 rubles (for paper cups, the amounts may be higher, especially if they are made with a company seal). For a shift, the enterprise produces products worth up to 54 thousand rubles, for a month - up to 1.6 million rubles.

With such volumes of production and well-established sales, it is possible to recoup investments and expand production in just 3-4 months. However, most likely the volumes of profitability will be lower: in most cities there are already disposable tableware enterprises, the products of which completely cover the local market.

Conclusion

The production of disposable tableware is an idea for a profitable and sought-after business. Having spent no more than 2 million rubles on the purchase of equipment, the entrepreneur has every chance of recouping them in 3-4 months. Equipment for the manufacture of plastic dishes and paper cups is sold separately or in ready-made lines. Both options are profitable, but first of all, when buying, you need to pay attention to the characteristics of the machines, the reputation of the manufacturer and its warranty.

One of the promising areas for today is the production of paper tableware as a business. By purchasing good powerful equipment and mastering the manufacturing technology, you can conquer a still unfilled market. After all, most of these goods come to us from abroad, and there are very few domestic workshops.

It is enough to correctly draw up a business plan, study in detail the market of the selected region, prepare the production process, hire employees and agree on the supply of the first batch of goods. And after 6-12 months you will start to receive a net profit, which will make it possible to expand and offer customers new options for dishes.

Business Features

Disposable cups and plates quickly became fashionable. But if, until recently, only plastic options could be found on store shelves, today they have been successfully replaced by paper products. This dish has the following advantages:

Hygiene.
Environmental friendliness.
Does not spoil the taste of food.
Low level of thermal conductivity, which makes it possible not to burn your hands when holding a hot drink.
The material from which it is made completely decomposes within a few years without causing damage to the environment.
It is easy to print an advertisement or a company logo on paper.

Such products are increasingly in demand, but in Russia there is still a very low level of competition among manufacturers. By making disposable tableware, even foreign suppliers can be squeezed out by lowering prices.

This business is good because an automated well-established line will produce dishes 24 hours a day, all year round. And it doesn't take a lot of workers. With not very high costs, you will reach full payback in a few months. Not surprisingly, the production of paper tableware is considered a very promising project.

Company registration

You can register a business as an individual entrepreneur, but still experts recommend, since legal entity there will be advantages:

more founders available;
in case of failure, you risk only the authorized capital;
large companies prefer to cooperate with the firm rather than with an individual entrepreneur;
such a business inspires more confidence in various regulatory services;
there is an opportunity to refund VAT, which significantly affects the financial component.

In addition, you will need to select the appropriate OKVED code for the production of disposable paper tableware. When registering employees, you must register with pension fund and FSS. And also be sure to obtain permission from the SES and the fire inspection for the production of food products, which include this species products. Special attention should be given to the requirements of GOST and SanPiN.

Technological stages

When setting up an automated line using modern equipment, the production of disposable tableware is a simple process:

Printed on a laminated sheet of paper.
The workpiece of the desired size is cut with a special press.
In the molding machine, the product is given the planned volumes.
The edges are soldered, the excess is cut off.
If this is the production of cups, then the bottom is cut out separately and laid inside.

As a raw material, a special laminated paper (one- or two-sided) is used. Its density should be 150-350 g/m2. Finnish material is considered the best in quality, but due to high prices, the cost of such dishes will be too high. Therefore, it is recommended to use paper from a domestic manufacturer, which will significantly reduce costs.

Workshop selection

Enough space is required to make disposable tableware. Depending on the assortment, expected turnover and the availability of certain machines, the appropriate premises are selected:

it should be located in the industrial part of the city;
minimum ceiling height - 4.5 meters;
concrete or tile floor;
refractory coating on the walls;
the presence of a three-phase power supply is mandatory;
installed water supply and good ventilation system.

The entire building is divided into certain working areas - workshop, warehouse, administration, utility rooms, bathrooms, locker rooms for employees. Also check the list of requirements from the sanitary and epidemiological service and fire safety so that the regulatory authorities do not make claims.

What equipment to buy?

In order to produce paper disposable tableware, you will have to purchase an automated line. First, it is desirable to determine the list of required elements, for example:

Machine for cutting blanks.
Device for thermal or ultrasonic treatment.
Printing press.
Nozzles and blanks for giving the desired shapes and sizes, etc.

Keep in mind that plates and glasses will require two different lines. After all, even if it is possible to change nozzles on the same machine in order to maintain desired speed production is highly undesirable to stop the process.

When choosing, pay attention to the power of the device, the quantity and quality of manufactured products, as well as the method of gluing parts. It can be ultrasonic or thermal. The first option is preferable, albeit expensive.

Another important point when buying equipment is the choice of manufacturer. European and American machines are different high quality and good speed, but their price may seem too expensive. Chinese devices on the market are considered the cheapest, but they also give out a lot of marriage, which will significantly affect the entire workflow.

The choice of equipment from a European manufacturer is considered the most optimal, since it is available for a more suitable price to purchase an automated line for the production of good quality disposable tableware.

Staff

To work on such machines, you do not need a large number of people, and even more so highly qualified specialists. Therefore, it is enough to hire a few people who will only control the machines and fold the goods.

True, you still have to hire:

Accountant for financial reporting or invite him only when necessary.
A sales manager, since the success of the entire business largely depends on established relationships with customers.

After the production of products is established, one of the most important tasks remains to organize the sale of the manufactured goods. It is better if an experienced manager takes care of this issue. Basically, paper disposable tableware is purchased by:

(cafes, restaurants, fast food).
Sports complexes.
Entertainment centers.
etc.

To disseminate information about your production, you can use all modern available methods of advertising - the media, the Internet, banners, ads, etc. By concluding several contracts with permanent wholesale customers, you will ensure the stability of your business and quickly reach full payback.

Download for free as a sample.

Financial calculations

To predict the profitability of the project and find out for what period you can return your initial investment, you need to determine the cost of the selected equipment, production volumes and establish a quick sale of goods.

For example, if you buy an automated high-power line for 1 million rubles, you can count on the production of 35 products per minute. With 24/7 production, this will be approximately 1,500,000 copies per month. And if you make a low margin on the goods, say, 1 ruble in excess of the cost, then the income will be 1,500,000 rubles.

This amount must be deducted from taxes, payroll deductions, public utilities, the purchase of raw materials for the next batch of goods, etc. As a result, after six months, with an established sale of finished dishes, we can talk about the full payback of the initial investment.

to acquire better and more powerful equipment;
install machines for a variety of assortment;
open branches in other regions, etc.

Video: production of paper cups.