PROFESSION-
genus labor activity, requiring some training and is usually a source of livelihood.
Career choice factors:
NECESSARY
CAN
WANT
Professional
natural interests,
inclinations
- Health status,
- professional qualification,
- Demand in the labor market
- Job Opportunities
- Professional ability
Classification of Professor E.A. Klimova divides all professions into 5 main types:
1. Man-nature . This type unites people whose professions are related to animal plants and nature - this is a veterinarian, vegetable grower, hydrologist, plant grower, machine operator, tractor driver.
2. Man-tech . These people are connected with technology - drivers, car mechanics, electricians, locksmiths, etc., using technical devices.
3. Man-man . Communication with people. These include: teacher, doctor, hairdresser, salesman, etc.
4. Man is a sign system. People in this profession should have a broad outlook - that is, accountants, scientists, people working with computers.
5. Man is an artistic image. These people are distinguished by artistic fantasy, talent - artists, writers, designers.
hairdresser
teacher
doctor
serviceman
- For example, the profession is a turner, and the specialty is a turner-borer.
- The teacher is a teacher of physics, chemistry.
Speciality - this is the type of activity
within the same profession.
Primary teacher
classes
Geography teacher
Mathematic teacher
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN THE REGION:
- initial
- professional lyceums, vocational schools
- average
- technical schools, colleges
- higher
- universities (institutes, universities, academies)
Voronezh
Railway
College
- 394036, Voronezh, st. Student, 18. stop. Kommisarzhevskaya
- Tel.: 265-35-56, 265-32-20, 265-23-75, 265-30-34
- Email: [email protected] Website: www.vkgdt.vrn.ru
Expanding the circle of acquaintances; work in the specialty; trips to student camps; internships; hiking; visiting a scientific circle; goodbye; attending conferences hitchhiking around the world; creating a family raising a child; sleeping at lectures, skipping the disco; summer labor groups; work in the scientific community; reading scientific literature; Student to-do list
Image is the art of "managing the impression". Erwin Hoffmann
Resume Surname, name, patronymic. Contact Information. Full Name. Contact Information. Goal Goal Work experience that is most important to achieve the goal. Work experience that is most important to achieve the goal. The brightest achievements in work. The brightest achievements in work. If there is no experience, then we pay attention to education. If there is no experience, then we pay attention to education. List academic accomplishments. List academic accomplishments. Skills (PC work, teamwork, communication skills. Skills (PC work, teamwork, communication skills.
List of life goals realization of one's own creativity in any field of art or science; become famous; self improvement; activities for the benefit of people, not necessarily for money; successful professional career; a life filled with vivid impressions; secure life; family.
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CHOICE OF PROFESSION
On a professional basis, people are united into categories or groups of people engaged in the same type of labor activity. Choosing a profession is not so much choosing a job as being accepted into certain group people to accept it ethical standards, rules, principles, values, way of life. The definition of a profession includes a lot, but first of all: who to be to what social group belong what lifestyle to choose what goals to set for yourself in the future
How many professions are there? Today in Russia there are more than six thousand of them, and each has certain requirements for a person. Some professions require strength and dexterity from a person, others require intelligence and accuracy, others require sociability and restraint. To make it easier to navigate in this vast world of professions, specialists have grouped them into groups according to various types and classes. The class of professions indicates the degree of complexity and the required qualifications of a person, i.e. about the nature of labor, which can be executive or creative. The type of profession indicates what a person has to deal with in the course of his activity. There are five types of professions - "man - man", "man - nature", "man - technology", "man - sign system", "man - artistic image".
CLASSIFICATION OF PROFESSIONS Man-nature These are people who really like to study, take care of plants, animals, feed them, treat them. These are veterinarians, agronomists, livestock specialists, etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF PROFESSIONS Man-technician People who are ready to work with machines and equipment day and night, repair, assemble, adjust their work. These are drivers, masons, engineers, etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF PROFESSIONS Man-man People who constantly talk to each other, treat people, teach, educate, sell goods to each other, protect people's rights. These are doctors, teachers, lawyers, salesmen, etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF PROFESSIONS Man-sign system Everyone draws something, makes tables, calculates, makes measurements, works with formulas, drawings, maps, diagrams. These are translators, economists, programmers, accountants, cashiers, chemists, etc.
CLASSIFICATION OF PROFESSIONS Man-artistic image People create something, model, do according to the model, are engaged in music, fine arts, acting. These are actors, musicians, artists, fashion designers.
The process of choosing a profession is not so simple. For the right, adequate choice, a school graduate has to do a lot of inner work: it is necessary to analyze their resources (interests, abilities, personality traits); learn and accept the requirements of the chosen profession; to realize potential inconsistencies in personal characteristics and the specifics of the profession and evaluate the possibility of correcting these inconsistencies.
The search for a job begins with choosing a profession. If you have not yet chosen a profession, then first let your imagination go free, give it complete freedom and then reflect on your future by answering the following questions: What do I like to do most in the world: think and reflect? feel and observe? feel? tinker? Where and in what conditions would I like to live? What job would I like to have? Would you like to have a family, and if so, what kind? Where do I see myself in 5, 10, 20, 30 years? What would I like to leave behind: children, books, houses, social transformations or something else?
Having dealt with your desires, think about what needs to be done to achieve these goals: What intermediate distances need to be covered? What knowledge to acquire? Where to get the necessary funds? Where to get necessary information? Make sure your profession is the right one for you. First of all, it's good to find out why you want to choose this or that profession, what requirements you have for it: Do you want your profession to be prestigious, to be recognized in society? Do you want to acquire any profession, as long as it pays well? Do you want your profession to be interesting?
Are you looking for a profession that is characterized by good conditions labor? Are you choosing a profession that is easier to acquire? Are you going to link your fate with the profession on the advice or example of other people? In addition, you need to determine your professionally important qualities and professional preferences.
Choosing a Profession Routes of Success How to choose the right profession for yourself? First, you need to determine your professional interests and inclinations. Briefly, this is called the word "I WANT". Secondly, assess what are your professionally important qualities: health, qualifications and abilities that determine your professional suitability and opportunities. It is necessary to answer the question, what is your “CAN”. Thirdly, to find out which professions are in demand among employers in the labor market, in which professions you can find a job. In other words, to determine what “SHOULD” is today. I want I can I need
In the event that you manage to combine "I want", "I can" and "I must", then your professional choice will be successful. Your task is to find a profession that is: Interesting and attractive to you; Suits your ability; It is in demand in the labor market. In addition, when choosing a profession, it is important to refer to the professiogram. The professiogram is compiled on the basis of content analysis professional activity and includes general characteristics professions and the requirements that the profession imposes on a person.
AFTER GRADE 9 YOU WILL: STUDY AT A PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION, WHERE YOU GET A SPECIALTY IN OUR TIME, WORKING SPECIALTIES ARE PRESTIGE AND REQUIRE GOOD KNOWLEDGE! CHOICE OF PROFESSION
AFTER GRADE 11, 3 LEVELS OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION ARE AVAILABLE TO YOU CHOICE OF PROFESSION
LEVELS OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION: PRIMARY PROFESSIONAL SECONDARY PROFESSIONAL HIGHER PROFESSIONAL PROFESSIONAL CHOICE
CHOICE OF PROFESSION VOCATIONAL SCHOOL LYCEUM VOCATIONAL SCHOOL AND LYCEUM ALLOWS YOU TO GET A WORKING PROFESSION CONSTRUCTION CAR MEPTICER COOK PAINTER SEAMWORKS
SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATION ALLOWS YOU TO BECOME A MIDDLE-LEVEL SPECIALIST TECHNICIAN-TECHNOLOGIST KINDERGARTEN TEACHER ACCOUNTANT NURSE CHOICE OF PROFESSION COLLEGE TECHNICIUM
HIGHER EDUCATION ALLOWS TO OBTAIN A PROFESSION OF MOSTLY INTELLIGENT LABOR DOCTOR LAWYER ENGINEER PSYCHOLOGIST TEACHER MANAGER ECONOMIST BANK Clerk CHOICE OF PROFESSION INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY ACADEMY
A SERIOUS STEP ON WHICH YOUR DESTINY DEPENDS Practicum CHOICE OF PROFESSION CHOICE OF PROFESSION –
Tips for choosing a profession (method of searching for a profession) We take a notebook and a pen and do the exercise. You need to make a certain number of choices describing your future profession and working conditions. Working conditions in which I would like to live and work: 1.1. Geographic conditions 1.2. The nature of the workplace (eg proximity to the workplace, climate comfort, spacious workplace, etc.) Try to keep your list complete and complete. Emotional and spiritual atmosphere of work (for example, friendliness, interest, constructivism, purposefulness, etc.) The more criteria you get, the better, the more accurate the result will be. Knowledge I would like to work with List here all the areas of knowledge with which you. would like to work. It doesn't matter how big the number is. People I would like to work with. 4.1. Colleagues 4.2. Clients. Here you can specify any social variables of the collectives: age, gender, their income, religion, their level of education and their number.
Tips for choosing a profession (method of searching for a profession) (continued) Information that you would like to work with. List all the sources through which you would like to receive information: is it a telephone? Internet? TV? Gossip and rumors? Newspapers? Radio? Books? Seminars? What else? 6. Items and things you would like to work with. What objects and things would you like to use in your work? Surgical scalpel? Laser ray? Kalashnikov assault rifle? Chisel? Computer? Calculator? List all the items that are dear to you and that you would like (s) to use in your work. Activities I would like to do at work. Probably operate if it's a scalpel? And make calculations if it's a calculator? Describe all the activities you would like to do in the workplace. Summarizing. It cannot be said that after you calculate everything, you will clearly get your future profession. Of course not. It will not happen. But the fact that a lot will clear up in your head, and it will clear up very well - we are sure of this.
Mini-test "Who are you?" Here are five geometric shapes (square, triangle, rectangle, circle, zigzag). Choose the one for which you can say: "Here is a figure that symbolizes me!". Try to feel it, compare it with yourself. If you are having trouble choosing a figure, choose the one that appeals to you the most. Do not try to somehow analyze the characteristics of the figures - just trust your intuition.
Mini-test "Who are you?" (continued) Approximate professions corresponding to the selected figure SQUARE Tax inspector Notary Public accountant Electric and gas welder Seamstress Driver Programmer Bricklayer Confectioner Assistant secretary Social worker etc. RECTANGLE Ecologist Insurance agent Machinist Driver All professions related to nature, etc. TRIANGLE Chef Broker Stockbroker Commercial agent Marketer Commercial director Psychologist Teacher Legal adviser Manager, etc.
Mini-test "Who are you?" (continued) Approximate professions corresponding to the selected figure CIRCLE WAITER-BARTENDER NURSE MANICURER KINDERGARTEN TEACHER HOTEL ADMINISTRATOR GOVERNOR SALES TEACHER PHOTOGRAPHER SECRETARY REFERENT PSYCHOLOGIST SOCIAL WORKER INSURANCE AGENT, etc. ZIGZAG plasterer Painter Chef Confectioner Carpenter Bricklayer Programmer Marketer Hairdresser Artist Designer Manager Actor Musician Architect Psychologist
Some Thoughts on Professional Self-Determination (Notes from a Wise Man) If you choose a profession that you and only you like, then don't expect anyone else to like it. Great if that happens. But if this does not happen, then it does not matter. The world is not to blame for the fact that you found it necessary to interest him in your person and your professional choice. If you still haven't found your ideal profession, then you'd be better off learning a non-ideal one than not studying at all. If you have not found (a) a suitable place of work, then you can start with one where not very appropriate place than not work at all. One year real work will give you more skill and experience than two years of learning how to work properly. One year of any study brings more value than two years of thinking about where to study best.
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career choice mistakes
ERRORS IN CHOOSING A PROFESSION ATTITUDE TO THE CHOICE OF A PROFESSION AS A PERMANENT BE READY TO REGULARLY IMPROVE YOUR QUALIFICATIONS LEARN RELATED SPECIALTIES MASTERING A NEW SPECIALTY WILL MAKE YOU A VALUABLE, DEMANDED SPECIALIST AND IMPROVE YOUR COMPETITIVENESS IN THE LABOR MARKET
THE PRESTIGE OF THE PROFESSION SHOULD BE CONSIDERED, BUT AFTER YOUR INTERESTS AND ABILITIES INCLUDED MISTAKE IN CHOOSING THE PROFESSION THE PRESENT OPINION ABOUT THE PRESTIGE OF THE PROFESSION OTHERWISE YOU WILL OWN A FASHIONABLE BUT NOT PLEASURE PROFESSION
ERRORS IN CHOOSING A PROFESSION CHOOSING A PROFESSION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF COMRADES (FOR THE COMPANY TO KEEP UP) TRY TO UNDERSTAND YOUR OWN WISHES AND INTERESTS
ERRORS IN CHOOSING A PROFESSION TRANSFER OF ATTITUDE TO A PERSON, A REPRESENTATIVE OF THIS PROFESSION, TO THE PROFESSION ITSELF DO NOT CHOOSE A PROFESSION ONLY BECAUSE YOU LIKE OR DO NOT LIKE THE PERSON WHO DOES THIS TYPE OF ACTIVITY
MISTAKE IN CHOOSING A PROFESSION PASSION ONLY FOR THE EXTERNAL OR ANY PRIVATE SIDE OF THE PROFESSION BEHIND THE EASE WITH WHICH THE ACTOR CREATES AN IMAGE ON THE STAGE, IT WORTH A STRESS EVERY DAY
ERRORS IN CHOOSING A PROFESSION IDENTIFICATION OF A SCHOOL SUBJECT WITH A PROFESSION OR A BAD DIFFERENCE IN THESE PROFESSIONS WHEN CHOOSING A PROFESSION, WHAT REAL ACTIVITIES AND PROFESSIONS ARE BEHIND THIS SUBJECT
ERRORS IN CHOOSING A PROFESSION INABILITY / UNWANTING / TO UNDERSTAND YOUR PERSONAL QUALITIES (INclinations, ABILITIES) TO UNDERSTAND YOURSELF YOUR PROF CONSULTANTS, RELATIVES AND COMRADES WILL HELP YOU
ERRORS IN CHOOSING A PROFESSION IGNORANCE / UNDERSTANDING / OF YOUR PHYSICAL PECULIARITIES, FAULTS, SIGNIFICANT IN CHOOSING A PROFESSION THE EXISTING PROFESSIONS THAT MAY BE CONTRAINDICATED AS THEY CAN WORSE THE STATE OF HEALTH
ERRORS IN CHOOSING A PROFESSION LACK OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE BASIC ACTIONS, OPERATIONS AND THEIR ORDER WHEN SOLVING, CONSIDERING THE PROBLEM WHEN CHOOSING A PROFESSION, BE CREATIVE AND DEVELOP FOR YOURSELF YOUR OWN LIST OF ACTIONS REQUIRED TO CHOOSE A PROFESSION SII
Analysis of this information will help you choose the right specialty, your business. The boring term career counseling is actually a very exciting and rewarding activity. How many people suffer because they once made the wrong choice! You should not choose a profession, focusing on the advice of friends, on possible high earnings or prestige. Listen to the voice of your heart, test yourself on your own or with professionals, and then you will have nothing to regret later. You will make an unmistakable choice. Be confident! Good luck!
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Choice future profession is a serious and responsible step in the life of every person, requiring training and knowledge. Why? Yes, because your whole adult life will depend on whether you choose your future profession correctly, whether you will be satisfied with it or whether you will reproach fate that life has failed. The correct choice of future profession depends on peace of mind and material well-being in adulthood. The wrong choice of profession leads to the fact that many adults are dissatisfied with the chosen field of activity, and as a result, with the level and quality of their lives, the degree of professional fulfillment, their social status. There are more than 7,000 professions in the world today. However, only a few hundred of them are popular. Moreover, the list of "prestigious" professions changes every year and each region has its own. Understanding this sea of occupations, specialties and skills is difficult, but possible! Only by determining the future profession, you will be able to choose the right profile of education in the 10-11th grade, and in the future, the institution vocational education, master a profession that is: interesting and attractive to you. suits your ability. in demand in the labor market.
Conditions for the optimal choice of profession
Optimal Choice Zone
WANT - aspirations of the individual (desires, interests, inclinations, ideals).
CAN - personal capabilities (state of health, abilities, level of knowledge, character, temperament).
NECESSARY - the needs of society in personnel, and the awareness of the need to expend certain efforts to achieve vital goals.
When planning your professional career, it is helpful to answer the following questions:
What skills and abilities do you enjoy the most?
What are your main interests and favorite pastime?
What are your favorite subjects?
What would you like to do every day for 8 hours a year?
What job do you dream of?
Where do you envision your job in 10 years?
What job would be ideal for you? Describe it in as much detail as possible. Imagine yourself in this job, who do you work with, how do you spend your time?
What are your criteria for choosing a profession? (mandatory and desirable)
What are your strengths and skills most enable you to consider yourself suitable for a job that you think is ideal?
What gaps in your knowledge and skills do you need to fill in order to land the perfect job for you?
If the job that is ideal for you is not currently available, what kind of work could you do to move in your chosen direction?
Who can be consulted for information useful for career planning?
Finally, write down your immediate and long-term career goals and take action. Components of success
The right choice of profession will allow you to realize your full potential, avoid disappointment, protect yourself and your family from poverty and insecurity in tomorrow. Like any business, choosing a profession begins with setting a goal.
Goals should be:
Specific (I want to get the Nobel Prize in Literature, buy a house in a village on the banks of the Oka, become the coolest businessman in our stairwell, I want to get a good education, run a marathon distance in three hours, etc.);
Realistic, that is, correlated with one's own capabilities - physical, intellectual, financial, age, etc. (if there are no literary abilities, then the Nobel Prize in Literature is an unrealistic goal, if you have never run, then it is better not to go to the marathon distance);
Limited in time (“a goal is a dream that must be realized exactly on time”).
Goals should be provided with internal resources - personal characteristics, inclinations, abilities, professional important qualities, and not external - money, connections, chance.
When planning professional career it is necessary to highlight the following points: the main goal (who I want to become, what I want to achieve, what I want to be); a chain of near and far specific goals (classes in circles, sections, acquaintance with a future profession, a possible place of study or work); ways and means to achieve goals (knowledge and skills, connections and money); external conditions for achieving goals (choosing a place to study or work, possible obstacles and ways to overcome them); internal conditions for achieving goals (ability, willpower, health); fallback options and ways to achieve them (it's like a reserve parachute).
If your goal is to choose a profession in accordance with your capabilities and needs, ask yourself the following questions: what level of education (higher, secondary specialized, courses or something else) can I expect, given my school performance and intellectual abilities, skills; what should be the content of the profession so that it would be interesting for me to work; what material reward I want to receive for my work - the real minimum wages; what kind of lifestyle do I want to lead: a stressful one, when you have to devote not only working time to work, but also personal time - or a free one, which allows you to devote a lot of time to family, friends and your favorite business; I want to work close to home, or I don't care.
The choice can be considered correct if the following conditions are met.
First, you must have a set of professionally important qualities for this job - intellectual, physical, personal.
Secondly, this profession should be in demand in the labor market.
Thirdly, future work should be a joy, not a burden.
“I WANT”, “I CAN”, “SHOULD” are the components of success.
G. Rezapkina
Graduate Guide, G.V. Rezapkina, Moscow, "Genesis",
2007, 140 pp.)
- What influences the choice of profession?
What factors determine a person's choice of a particular profession? In practice, it turns out that inclinations are taken into account last, but the opinion of parents has a huge impact.
8 factors of choosing a profession / according to E.A. Klimov/:
1. Position of senior family members
There are seniors who are directly responsible for how your life develops. This concern extends to the question of your future profession.
2. The position of comrades, girlfriends
Friendships at your age are already very strong and can greatly influence the choice of profession. Only general advice can be given: the right decision will be the one that suits your interests and coincides with the interests of the society in which you live.
3. The position of teachers, school teachers
Observing the behavior, educational and extracurricular activities of students, an experienced teacher knows a lot about you that is hidden from non-professional eyes and even from you.
4. Personal professional plans
The plan in this case means your ideas about the stages of mastering the profession.
5. Ability
The originality of one's abilities should be judged not only by academic success, but also by achievements in a wide variety of activities.
6. Level of claims for public recognition
When planning your career path, it is very important to take care of the realism of your claims.
7. Awareness
It is important to take care that the information you acquire about a particular profession does not turn out to be distorted, incomplete, one-sided.
8. Tendencies
Inclinations are manifested in favorite activities, on which most of the free time is spent. These are interests backed by certain abilities.
Mistakes in choosing a profession
1. Attitude to the choice of a profession as a permanent one
In any field of activity, there is a change in occupations, positions as a person's qualifications grow. At the same time, the one who has successfully completed the initial stages achieves the greatest success.
2. Current opinions about the prestige of the profession.
With regard to the profession, prejudices are manifested in the fact that some professions that are important for society, occupations are considered unworthy, indecent (for example: a scavenger).
3. Choosing a profession under the direct or indirect influence of comrades(for the company, so as not to be left behind).
We choose a profession according to our "taste" and "size" in the same way as clothes and shoes.
4. Transfer of attitude towards a person - a representative of a particular profession - to the profession itself.
When choosing a profession, it is necessary to take into account, first of all, the features of this type of activity, and not choose a profession just because you like or dislike the person who is engaged in this type of activity.
5. Fascination only with the external or some private side of the profession.
Behind the ease with which the actor creates an image on stage, there is intense, everyday work.
6. Identification of a school subject with a profession or a poor distinction between these concepts.
There is such a thing as foreign language, and there are many professions where the ability to speak a language is required - an interpreter, a guide, a telephone operator international communications etc. Therefore, when choosing a profession, it is necessary to take into account what real occupations and professions are behind this subject.
7. Outdated ideas about the nature of labor in the sphere of material production.
In all professions, and above all in workers, complex and interesting equipment is being introduced, and the culture of work is being raised.
8. Inability to understand, lack of habit to understand one's personal qualities (inclinations, abilities).
Professional consultants, parents, teachers, comrades will help you understand yourself.
9. Ignorance or underestimation of their physical features, shortcomings, essential when choosing a profession.
There are professions that may be contraindicated for you, because. they can worsen your health.
10. Ignorance of the main actions, operations and their order in solving, thinking over the problem when choosing a profession.
When you solve a math problem, you perform certain actions in a certain sequence. It would be wise to do the same when choosing a profession. - Mistakes and difficulties in choosing a profession
1. IGNORANCE OF THE RULES OF CHOOSING A PROFESSION:
choice of profession for the company;
transfer of attitude towards a person to the profession itself;
identification of the subject with the profession;
orientation immediately to highly qualified professions;
inability to determine the path of obtaining a profession.
2. NOT KNOWING YOURSELF:
ignorance or underestimation of their physical features;
ignorance or underestimation of their psychological characteristics;
inability to correlate their abilities with the requirements of the profession.
3. IGNORANCE OF THE WORLD OF PROFESSIONS:
passion only for the outer side of the profession;
prejudice against the prestige of the profession;
ignorance of the requirements of the profession for a person;
outdated ideas about the nature and working conditions of a particular profession.
(chapters from the book Secrets of choosing a profession, or
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PROFESSIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
(speech at the methodological association of class teachers))
Introduction
On this moment the situation is such that there are fewer real specialists who work with enthusiasm and raise our country to higher levels of development. Why is this happening? Even despite the fact that in our country there are many higher and secondary educational institutions with a high level and quality of education, which produce “specialists” every year, their competence and professionalism leave much to be desired.
Analyzing the facts of modern reality, one involuntarily thinks: what is the reason for these failures, disappointments of young people?
Perhaps one of the reasons is the wrong choice of profession in youth. It is known that youth (14-18 years old) is the age of self-determination. Who to be? What to be? Where am I most needed? These and many questions arise for older students.
The world of professions is very big. It includes thousands of different interesting specialties. In adolescence, everyone faces a choice. Every fifth person will tell about their misconceptions, fluctuations in professional self-determination. A high school student is attracted by dozens of professions. What are they? Different types of labor require different and sometimes contradictory qualities from a person. In one case, this is the ability to get along with people, to manage and obey, in the other - a high culture of movements, in the third - the sharpness of observations. Of course, if you are 15-17 years old, it is not easy to understand such a variety of your personal qualities and abilities.
Making a socially and deeply personal choice in professional self-determination is not an easy or simple task.
The independent choice of a profession is the “second birth of a person”. After all, the social value of a person, his place among other people, job satisfaction, physical and neuropsychic health, joy and happiness depend on how correctly the life path is chosen.
Society expands the possibilities of life self-determination of young people. Before her are opportunities to apply her strengths and abilities in various fields of activity for the benefit of society.
Thus, professional labor activity, which is preceded by the right choice, is one of the most important factors that determine many things in the life of a modern person.
1. Choosing a profession as a self-determination of the individual.
1). Profession - (lat. PROFESSIO - officially indicated occupation, specialty, from PROFITEOR - I declare my business), the type of work (occupation) of a person who owns a complex of special theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquired as a result of special training, work experience.
The variety of human professions is great, and most of them, according to psychologists and educators, can be mastered by everyone. But it is equally true that at one moment in time a person can do one thing. And since life is limited, he can only do a few separate things. In order to “become active”, a person must part with infinity, which he possessed only in the possibility, since in reality he can not everything, but only something. So the problem of choosing a future profession arises.
According to I. Konts, professional self-determination of a person begins far in his childhood, when in a child's game, the child takes on various professional roles and loses the behavior associated with it. If you look closely at these games, it is easy to see that the children in them easily and willingly go for all sorts of symbolic substitutions for the real attributes of professional activity. (For example: chair - "counter", paper - "money"). Professional self-determination ends in early youth, when it is already necessary to make a decision that will affect the entire future life of a person.
2) Features of senior school age and choice of profession. Life plan.
General worldview searches are grounded and concretized in life plans. [Life plan is a broad concept. It covers the whole sphere of personal self-determination - moral character, lifestyle, level of claims.
The most important, urgent and difficult thing for a high school student is the choice of a profession. Psychologically aspiring to the future and inclined even mentally to “jump” over unfinished stages, the young man is already internally weary of school; school life seems to him temporary, unreal, the threshold of another, richer and more authentic life, which both attracts and frightens him.
He understands well that the content of this future life, first of all, depends on whether he will be able to choose the right profession. No matter how frivolous and careless the young man looks, the choice of profession is his main and constant concern.
At the time of youth, the individual image of each young person becomes more and more definite and distinct, those of his individual characteristics that in their totality determine the make-up of his personality become more and more clear.
High school students differ significantly from each other not only in temperament and character, but also in their abilities, needs, aspirations and interests, varying degrees of self-awareness. Individual characteristics manifest themselves in the choice of life path. Youth is the age when a worldview is formed, value orientations, installation. In fact, this is the period when the transition from childhood to the beginning of adulthood is carried out, the corresponding degree of responsibility, independence, the ability to actively participate in society and in one's personal life, to constructively solve various problems, professional development. Adolescence, according to Erickson, is built around the process of identity, which consists of a series of social and individual-personal choices, identification, professional development.
As already mentioned, professional self-determination begins in childhood and ends in early adolescence. Experimental study of the significance of motives learning activities and professional choice of teenagers and young men. Self-determination and narrowly practical motives acquire decisive importance in educational activities; in choosing a profession, the motivation for choosing a profession among young men is not subject to change with age. In girls, there is a transition from motivation for social needs to a general motivation for the profession.
Choosing a profession and mastering it begins with professional self-determination. At this stage, students should already quite realistically form for themselves the task of choosing a future field of activity, taking into account the available psychological and psychophysiological resources. At this time, students form an attitude towards certain professions, the choice of subjects is carried out in accordance with the chosen profession.
3) The attitude of a teenager to a future profession.
The choice of a future profession worries not only eleventh-graders. And in the ninth grade, the guys have to decide: where to go next - to the tenth grade, college, school, technical school?
The formation of plans for the future is the most important content of the development of social adulthood in adolescence. An essential indicator of the socio-psychological maturity of a teenager is precisely his attitude towards his future. The certainty of plans changes a lot in a teenager: the most important core of personality appears - certain goals, tasks, motives.
IN adolescence childish forms of dreams about a profession are replaced by reflections on it, taking into account own capabilities and circumstances of life, there is a desire to realize intentions in practical actions. However, some teenagers fully live in the present, they think little about their future profession.
Many things can stimulate the emergence of interest in a particular profession: teaching, people, books, television. Adolescents are interested in many things, often orient themselves in several directions at once, attend various sections and circles. Very often they overestimate their capabilities in the profession that attracts them. Classes in circles help a teenager to realize their inclinations, opportunities, shortcomings. Checking yourself in activity is the best way to fulfill your dreams and prevent disappointments. It is impossible to cut the “wings of a dream” of a teenager, but it is necessary to “ground” it, to bring to his mind the idea that the path to success in any business is paved with difficulties, not roses.
For many teens, the time of 8th and 9th grade is a period of intense reflection on the future. Some try to translate dreams into actions, others try themselves on different options for the future. Still others think about the compliance of their capabilities with the requirements of the profession, the fourth - they collect information about the profession that attracts them and the educational institution where they receive it. Adolescents are interested in the plans of their classmates, discuss doubts, hesitations, they abandon their former dreams as "children's". Many tend to be influenced by established or older friends. From time to time there are disputes and disagreements regarding different professions and where exactly to continue the teaching.
The approaching end of 9th grade encourages teenagers to think about their future.
2. Professional self-determination.
1) Professional self-determination as a process.
Professional education that performs functions vocational training, identified with the concept of "special education", involves 2 ways to get it - self-education or training in educational institutions vocational education. The success of vocational education determines such an important psychological moment as "readiness" (emotional, motivational) to acquire a particular profession.
The choice of a profession, carried out by a person as a result of an analysis of internal resources and by correlating them with the requirements of the profession, is the basis of a person's self-affirmation in society, one of the main decisions in life. The choice of a profession in psychological terms is a two-dimensional phenomenon:
the subject of choice, that is, the one who chooses;
the object of choice is what is being chosen.
The subject and object of choice determine the ambiguity of the choice of profession. This is due to the many characteristics that they possess.
Choosing a profession is not a one-time act. Choosing a profession consists of a number of stages that merge into one process. Moreover, the duration of the stages depends on:
external conditions;
Individual characteristics of the subject of choice of profession.
Professional self-determination is a process that covers the entire period of a person's professional activity: from the emergence of professional intentions to exit from work.
Stages prior to self-determination.
The emergence of professional self-determination embraces senior school age, but it is preceded by the steps:
Primary career choice(typical for students of primary school age):
Undifferentiated ideas about the world of professions, a situational idea of the internal resources necessary for this kind of profession, the instability of professional intentions;
Stage of professional self-determination(senior school age):
The emergence and formation of professional intentions and the initial orientation in various fields labor;
Professional education:
It is carried out after receiving school education for the development of the chosen profession;
Professional adaptation:
Formation of an individual style of activity, the predominance of the system of industrial and social relations;
Self-realization in work:
Fulfillment or non-fulfillment of the expectations associated with professional work.
Thus, professional self-determination permeates the entire life path of a person.
A) Prerequisites for professional self-determination:
Professional self-determination from the standpoint of the principles of determinism and activity. Professional self-determination is an essential aspect public process personality development. Identification of manifestation featuresprinciple of determinismin the process of self-determination involves the analysis of two systems. On the one hand, it is a personality as a most complex self-regulatory system, on the other hand, it is a system of social orientation of young people in resolving the issue of a conscious choice of a profession. This system includes the targeted influence of the school, family, public organizations, literature, art on the motives of choosing a profession. Such a set of vocational guidance tools is designed to provide a solution to the problems of professional education and counseling of students, the awakening of professional interest and inclinations, direct assistance in finding employment and overcoming the difficulties of the stage of professional adaptation. The system of career guidance tools carries a wide range of opportunities for the professional development of the individual, from which the individual “draws” the motives and goals of his activity.
The human need for self-determination is in itself pointless.
A.N. Leontiev noted that "...before its first satisfaction, the need" does not know "its subject, since it has not yet been discovered ...".
The relationship of the individual and the external system of career guidance influences arises only inprocess of activity. Activity as a form of interconnection between the subject and objects forms the condition of mental reflection and acts as a mechanism for determining the impact on the personality.
In constant contact with outside world a person acts as an active side of interaction. Therefore, the psychological manifestation of the principle of determinism can be understood only within the framework of the problem of the correlation of external and internal conditions in the determination of activity. In terms of analyzing the driving forces of activity, it is necessary to proceed from the relationship and opposition of internal and external.
The process of professional self-determination is conditioned by the emergence and expansion of the activity of the subject, which realizes its connection with career guidance factors. Self-determination is woven into this activity as its component.
B) Prerequisites for professional self-determination.
Personal prerequisites for self-determination.
Structural elements of personality, as the closest psychological prerequisites for professional self-determination, are different in the nature of their functions. The totality of the most important personal prerequisites for self-determination can be reduced to two main groups:
1) personality traits that provide the opportunity to successfully solve the problem of choosing a profession, but do not directly participate in the activation of this process. This group includes strong-willed character traits, as well as such a trait as diligence. This should also include the presence of some work and life experience, the level of general life maturity of a person.
2) This group of psychological prerequisites for self-determination is formed by various components of the personality's orientation, which dynamize the process of professional self-determination and determine the selectivity of the response. This includes the need for professional self-determination, the person's educational and professional interests and inclinations, beliefs and attitudes, values and ideals, and ideas about life values.
The components of the second group, due to their connection with cognitive needs, have the function of conditioning a field of activity that is attractive to a person.
2. "Eight corners of choosing a profession."
According to E.A. Klimov, there are 8 corners of the situation of choosing a profession. After all, a high school student takes into account information not only about the features of various professions, but also a lot of other information.
1) Position of senior family members.
Of course, the care of the elders about the future profession of their child is understandable; they are responsible for how his life unfolds.
Very often, parents give the child complete freedom of choice, thereby demanding independence, responsibility, and initiative from him. It happens that parents do not agree with the choice of the child, offering to reconsider their plans and make a different choice, believing that he is still small. The correct choice of a profession is often hampered by the attitudes of parents who want their children to compensate for their shortcomings in the future, in activities in which they could not fully express themselves. It seems to them that it is their son or daughter who will be able to prove himself, since, unlike their parents, “there is a higher springboard from which they will plunge into the world of the profession ...
Observations show that in most cases, children agree with the choice of their parents, counting on their parents' help in entering any educational institution. At the same time, children, of course, forget that they will have to work in this specialty, and not their parents.
One can only speculate about the conflict-free way out of such circumstances.
2) The position of comrades, girlfriends (peers).
The friendly relations of high school students are already very strong and their influence on the choice of profession is not excluded, since the attention of their peers to their professional future is also increasing. It is the position of the microgroup that can become decisive in professional self-determination.
3) The position of teachers, school teachers, class teacher.
Each teacher, observing the student's behavior only in educational activities, all the time "penetrates the idea behind the facade of the external manifestations of a person, makes a kind of diagnosis regarding the interests, inclinations, thoughts, character, abilities, readiness of the student." The teacher knows a lot of information that is unknown even to the student himself.
4) Personal professional plans.
In human behavior and life, ideas about the near and distant future play a very important role. A professional plan or image, a mental representation, its features depend on the mindset and character, experience of a person. It includes main goal and goals for the future, ways and means to achieve them. But the plans are different in content and what they are depends on the person.
5) Ability.
The abilities and talents of a high school student must be considered not only in studies, but also in all other types of socially valuable activity. Since it is the ability that includes future professional suitability.
6) The level of claims for public recognition.
The realism of the claims of a high school student is the first stage of professional training.
7) Awareness- important, undistorted information - an important factor in choosing a profession.
8) Inclinations are manifested and formed in Activity. Consciously engaging in different types of activities, a person can change his hobbies, and hence the direction. For a high school student, this is important, since pre-professional hobbies are the way to the future.
Profession management.
In order to right choice the profession needs to manage this process, which is carried out by the teacher.
Career management is one of the constituent parts Problems scientific management society. In a narrower sense, with regard to the problem of choosing a profession by students, it is extremely important for a teacher to know the objective and subjective factors that make up the content of management. Objective factors include:
The system of objectively acting patterns, the subject's living conditions, environment, upbringing, economic environment, and others.
Subject factors include:
The capabilities of the subject, inclinations, interests, abilities, intentions, motives, character, temperament, inclinations and other aspects of the personality.
In order for the management of the choice of a profession to be truly effective, it is extremely important to understand the essence of the above two components of the subject of management. Managing the choice of a profession is unthinkable without knowledge of the personality, its structure.
The human personality is extremely complex. It has both qualities acquired during life and biological properties characterized by relative constancy (inclinations, type of nervous system, etc.).
The requirement to study each student is generally recognized. However, in practice it is not uncommon for a teacher to give a detailed description of one or two of his pupils, while he is able to give only the most general description of the rest.
It happens that the teacher knows the student well, but it is difficult to give a holistic description of the direction of his personality (to highlight inclinations, interests, abilities, motives of behavior, character traits). What place does the student take in the team, what is his prestige among his classmates, how do his comrades, teachers evaluate him, how does he evaluate himself - such questions are often not raised at all by individual teachers.
This is explained by a number of reasons:
Lack of orientation to the study of students for the purpose of career guidance;
Poor psychological and pedagogical training of teachers;
Unwillingness to bother yourself with additional work;
Lack of available methods and techniques for studying students.
Particular attention should be paid to the dynamics of students' interests, their inclinations in the learning process. At the same time, it is extremely important to design the possibilities for developing abilities in the learning process. If the teacher notices a certain orientation of the student's professional interests, the perseverance and perseverance shown by him, then he is obliged to reflect this in the characterization and convince the student that even with little ability he can achieve success. Although it is not always easy to help a young man or a girl find his calling, nevertheless, it is not normal for a student not to know after leaving school if he is capable of something where he can find something to his liking. To discern individuality, to help reveal the abilities and inclinations of the student under the power of the teacher, the class teacher. Student learning is one of necessary conditions identifying individual psychological characteristics for the purpose of correct professional self-determination.
3. Self-knowledge in choosing a profession.
Self-knowledge is one of the necessary conditions for the implementation of a personal approach to choosing a profession.
Self-knowledge goes through comparing yourself with other people, by realizing your capabilities, achievements and comparing them with the successes and achievements of the people around you. Knowing ourselves, we simultaneously know another person. Knowing other people helps self-knowledge. The process of comparison is the basis not only for the knowledge of the world, but also for the knowledge of oneself. Knowing through comparisons the qualities of another person, we get the material necessary to develop our own assessment.
For a better knowledge of the world and oneself, a person must make active efforts. Self-improvement begins with the process of self-knowledge. You cannot become better without knowing what qualities of character you need to educate, and which ones you need to get rid of. Without self-knowledge, it is impossible to correctly outline a program of self-education and self-development; it is difficult to choose a job to your liking.
A person's requirements for himself, self-education, depend on the requirements and prospects of the society in which he lives. The requirements of society are one of the most important motivations for self-knowledge and self-education. The emergence of the need for knowledge of one's own characteristics, interest in oneself and reflection on oneself is a characteristic feature of matured children.
The role of self-esteem in professional self-determination.
In psychology, self-esteem is considered as a phenomenon of self-knowledge. Self-knowledge is a person's awareness of himself, his "I". To realize oneself means to give an account to oneself of one's strengths, capabilities, personal qualities, the level of their development, that is, to evaluate them in due measure.
The very word "self-esteem" helps us to understand its meaning. In the professional self-determination of a person, self-esteem is an assessment that a person gives to himself, to his capabilities, corresponding or not corresponding to the specifics of the profession.
Self-esteem, like any mental education, is formed in vivo, and it must be considered in the age aspect.
Studies show that high school students tend to choose the type of activity that would correspond to their understanding of their own capabilities. Since schoolchildren's understanding of their own capabilities is often not adequate to the indicators, failures await them on the path of choice.
High school students are not able to objectively and fully evaluate themselves. In self-esteem, they do not have a single tendency: some tend to overestimate themselves, others vice versa. Therefore, those who believe that high school students only overestimate themselves are wrong, as well as those who help, that they underestimate themselves. They have both the first and the second.
High school students, unlike teenagers, feel the need for self-esteem, although they are objectively not ready for it. The internal need for self-esteem is the key to its successful formation under appropriate conditions.
In high school students, self-esteem serves two purposes:
- self-education;
- Forecasting the future profession.
When choosing a profession, older students in most cases are guided by the level of expression in themselves, first of all, of moral-volitional, then intellectual, and only then organizational qualities.
Adolescents, on the other hand, weakly appeal to self-esteem, that is, they do not properly understand its role in choosing a profession. Most of them choose a profession without resorting to self-esteem, and if they do, it is very superficial. Teenagers' ideas about themselves are shallow, approximate, plans and intentions are dynamic. The very problem of choosing a profession does not seriously concern them.
For high school graduates, choosing a profession is a serious step. But the problem is that they are poorly oriented in the scientific foundations of professional self-determination, primarily psychological ones. Most boys and girls lack general knowledge of personality psychology, it is difficult for them to understand their interests, abilities, qualities and character traits. Their ideas about personality often remain at the level of everyday, everyday judgments. All this gives the right to assert that psychological education as a condition for the formation of an objective self-esteem, as a condition for the correct choice of a profession, is very necessary for our high school students.
Adequate self-assessment is available to a small number of students. Basically, they tend to either overestimate themselves or underestimate themselves. In case of revaluation, the level of claims is lower than the available possibilities. The choice of profession made on this basis eventually leads to disappointment. Low self-esteem also adversely affects the choice of profession and personal development.
There are 3 levels of self-assessment adequacy:
- A high level is inherent in those students whose self-assessment of interests, abilities, personal qualities completely coincides with the assessment of teachers and parents. This is confirmed by the activity with the achieved success of the student in various types classes.
- The average level is observed when students partially overestimate or underestimate their abilities compared to adults. Schoolchildren choose a profession on the basis of cognitive interest in school subjects without regard to their suitability.
- A low level occurs when there is a sharp overestimation or underestimation of one's interests, abilities, personal qualities in comparison with the assessment of teachers and parents. In essence, the choice of a profession at this level of self-esteem is made unreasonably.
Self-esteem as a phenomenon of self-knowledge is not given to a person by nature. It is formed in the process of personality development and has a different degree of objectivity and completeness. The formation of self-esteem, its completeness and adequacy is one of the tasks of professional orientation.
In grades 9-11, the subject of attention of students should be professionally significant qualities. It is necessary to practice at school active forms and methods of work that would increase the level of knowledge and ideas of students about the psychology of personality, about what abilities, interests, needs, temperament, character traits are.
Equipping students with the necessary amount of career guidance knowledge, activating interest in studying and understanding a person as a subject of labor, self-knowledge and testing their abilities - all this will contribute to the formation of an objective self-assessment.
List of sources used
- Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1975
- Developmental and pedagogical psychology / Ed. A.V. Petrovsky. M.: Enlightenment, 1973
- Dragunova T.V. Teenager. Moscow: Knowledge, 1988
- Zhukovskaya V.I. Psychological foundations for choosing a profession. Minsk: Narodnaya Asveta, 1978
- Klimov E.A. How to choose a profession. M.: Enlightenment, 1991
- Klimov E.A. School ... and then? Lenizdat, 1971
- Kon I.S. Psychology of a high school student. M.: Enlightenment, 1982
- Krylova A.A., Manichev S.A. Workshop on General Experimental and Applied Psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002
- Myers D. Social psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 1999
- Mukhina V.S. Age-related psychology. M.: Academy, 1997
- Orlov Yu.M. Self-knowledge and self-education of character. M.: Enlightenment, 1987
- Professional self-determination and labor path of youth. / Ed. V.L. Oslovsky, Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, 1978
- Stolyarenko L.D. Pedagogical psychology. Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2000
- Tolstykh A.V. Ages of life. Moscow: Young Guard, 1988
- Shavir P.A. Psychology of professional self-determination in youth. M.: Pedagogy, 1981
- Shibutani T. Social psychology. Moscow - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 1999
IPO "OSH No. 6 of Yenakiyevo"
Career guidance lesson "WHO TO BE?"
Practical psychologist
Volodina Natalia Igorevna
Rules
- ACTIVELY PARTICIPATE IN TRAINING!
- SINCERITY
- TO ASK QUESTIONS
- ONE MICROPHONE
- COACHING "STOP"
- LISTEN AND HEAR EACH OTHER
- RESPECT EACH OTHER
- RAISED HAND
The road to happiness lies through work. There are no other paths to happiness. (Abu Shukur.)
Work frees us from three great evils: boredom, vice and want.
Voltaire
WORK And PROFESSION
- Work- expedient activity aimed at creating material and spiritual values necessary for life;
All the mental and physical costs of a person during the production of these values.
- Profession- the type of labor activity (occupation) of a person who owns a complex of special theoretical knowledge and practical skills acquired as a result of special training, work experience.
"Name your profession"
1. Who is Web Designer?
Answer : specialist in the creation of Internet sites
2. Who is Pharmacist ?
Answer : specialist in the production, storage and sale of medicines
3. Who is dog handler ?
Answer : specialist in breeding, raising and raising dogs
4. . Who it underwriter ?
Answer : insurance agent
5. . Who it Merchandiser ?
Answer : specialist in the field of retail trade.
6. Who is Marketer ?
Answer : a specialist who studies the fundamentals of the market
7. Who is postiger ?
Answer : makes wigs, beards, mustaches and sideburns
8. Who is logistician ?
Answer : organizes and coordinates the delivery of goods from production to points of sale
THE MOST NEEDED PROFESSIONS
1 "THINKERS" - THE MOST FASHIONABLE PROFESSIONS
2 "WORKERS" - THE MOST FORGOTTEN PROFESSIONS
3 "Interlocutors" - PROFESSIONS THAT ARE ALWAYS NEEDED
Classification of professions according to E.A. Klimov
- "man - nature"
- "man - man"
- "man - technology"
- "man is a work of art"
- "man - sign system"
"Man-Man"
Professions include:
- medical care (doctor, nurse, nurse),
- training and education (educator, nanny, teacher, lecturer, trainer),
- consumer services (salesperson, conductor, waiter)
- legal protection (lawyer, investigator, district inspector).
"Man - technology"
Professions include:
- installation, assembly and adjustment of technical devices (mason, installer, welder, design engineer)
- exploitation technical means(driver, stoker, crane operator, turner, seamstress-minder)
- equipment repair (repairman, mechanic, equipment repair electrician)
"Man - a sign system"
- with texts (proofreader, typist, translator, librarian)
- with numbers, formulas and tables (programmer, economist, accountant)
- with drawings, maps, diagrams (navigator, draftsman),
- with sound signals (radio operator, telephone operator).
« Man-artistic image "
Professions related to:
- creation, design, modeling of works of art (artist, journalist, fashion designer, composer)
- with reproduction, production of various products according to a sketch, sample (jeweler, actor, cutter, restorer, cabinet maker, florist-decorator)
« man nature "
Professions related to:
- the study of living and inanimate nature(microbiologist, agrochemist, geologist),
- with the care of plants and animals (arborist, vegetable grower, livestock specialist),
- with the prevention and treatment of diseases of plants and animals (veterinarian).
"Distribute the profession"
- Composer
- Hairdresser
(Man-man)
- Programmer
(Man is a sign system)
- Veterinarian
(Man - nature)
- Trolley bus driver
(Man - technology)
- Tailor
(Man is an artistic image)
- livestock specialist
(Man - nature)
- carpenter
(Man-technology)
- Locksmith - plumber
(Man-technology)
- Photographer
(Man is an artistic image)
"How many professions do you need?..."
Make a list of professions that are needed to craft the following items:
"Thinkers" - textbook
"Doers" - bun
"Interlocutors" - desk
Tanya does not yet know what she wants, she does not have any special abilities and talents, and there is not enough time to look for them. But she would not refuse wealth and fame. In general, she wants to “do what she cannot do in a situation where no one needs it. By the way, there are many such people - more than half of all graduates.
№ 1
Lena wants to be "like everyone else." To have a family, home, children. She does not have enough stars from the sky and does not shine with talents. But she likes to mess around with the children, and they constantly do not have enough teachers in kindergartens in the city. She decided to become a teacher. And got to the point.
№ 2
Sasha wants to be a programmer. He knows the computer like the back of his hand, reads books on programming, made his own website. A information Technology now they are in demand everywhere, so Sasha's choice turned out to be the most successful.
№ 3
When a person doesn't know
to which pier he is heading,
no wind for him
will not be associated.
Seneca
Mistakes associated with choosing a profession:
- Under the influence of the immediate environment, without much desire;
- Passion for only the outer side of the profession without taking into account its "minuses";
- Identification of the subject with the profession;
- The transfer of a positive attitude towards a person, a representative of a particular profession, to the profession itself;
- Choosing a profession "for the company" with friends;
- Inability to understand their personal qualities;
- Ignorance or underestimation of their physical features, essential when choosing a profession;
Prejudices about some professions that are important for society, the occupation of which is sometimes considered unworthy, indecent.
- Choosing a profession for reasons of prestige;
"It is not the place that we occupy that matters,
but the direction in which we are moving."
Purpose of career guidance:
- to update the professional self-determination of students by a special organization of their activities, including
- gaining knowledge about yourself
- about the world of professional work,
- and their correlation in the process of professional tests.
- to increase the level of psychological competence of students, equipping them with relevant knowledge and skills, expanding the boundaries of self-perception, awakening the need for self-improvement;
- form positive attitude towards oneself,
- awareness of one's individuality,
- Confidence in your strength in relation to the realization of oneself in a future professional career.
- Essence of professional self-determination.
- Psychological classification of professions.
- The specifics of career guidance assistance to high school students.
- Methods for the diagnosis of professional orientation.
- Drawing up a creative project "My life plans and professional career"
- Professional self-determination is the process of forming a person's attitude towards himself as a subject of future professional activity, which in the future will help a person to adapt in a market economy.
- A. Maslow believes that self-actualization manifests itself "through a passion for meaningful work"
- K. Jaspers connects self-realization with the “work” that makes a person.
- S. Kon says that self-realization is manifested through work, work, communication.
- P.G. Shchedrovitsky notes that “the meaning of self-determination” is in the ability of a person to build himself, his individual history, in the ability to constantly rethink his own essence.”
- To choose a profession, a student must clear view
- about myself
- their abilities, temperament,
- skills
- interests,
- claims
- restrictions and their reasons,
- advantages, opportunities and prospects in various professional fields.
- Professional self-determination - independent determination of the choice of profession, building professional plan and its implementation.
- “The ability to make a professional choice, taking into account own resources and available information; the desire to obtain new information and plan a professional career; taking into account the maturity of interests, the realism of preferences and in accordance with abilities - this is professional maturity»
- There are more than 40 thousand professions in the world. The world of professions is extremely dynamic and changeable. About 500 new professions appear annually, many professions today “live” for only 5-15 years, then either “die” or change beyond recognition.
- feature modern world professions is that monoprofessionalism is being replaced by polyprofessionalism. This means that a person should strive to master not one single profession, but several related ones. And the person himself during his life, changing, may show a desire to change his profession or qualification.
- Thus, a person during his life will have to relearn, engage in self-education, self-education.
- Profession Formula
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- Introspection.
- Collection and evaluation of information.
- Decision making and planning to achieve the goal.
- We discover within ourselves the true reasons for our professional aspirations and evaluate them accordingly by correctly formulating our desires - “I am saying”:
- "I'm going to..",
- “I see my professional goal as…”
- "I can be successful in..."
- "I'm convinced that I want to..."
- "I have what it takes to..."
- "It's good for me to be..."
- "I'm dreaming…",
- "My success is due to..."
- Having formulated the “I statements”, you can answer yourself three questions:
- Are my desires related to the intended places of work or study?
- Are there other professional career opportunities, other places of work or study that suit my desires?
- Am I sufficiently aware of how my needs will be met in the places of work or study that I have previously chosen?
- About professions and content of labor
- About the possibilities
- employment
- About prospects
- About training
- About enterprises
- Main sources of information:
- Mass media;
- Books and reference books about professions and places of study;
- Organizations and firms engaged in recruitment and career guidance;
- Personal contacts with competent people;
- Internet resources.
- Define a goal.
- Define means
- Work out the options
- Assess the probability of failure of each option
- Make up your mind
- Discuss it with an authoritative person
- Make a final decision
- Ten steps to the goal:
- Name the main stages of achieving the goal.
- Determine how long each step will take.
- What specific steps are needed?
- What additional preparation is needed?
- How long will she take?
- Set a time frame for when you will start?
- What will you do first?
- What do you expect?
- What do you need for effective action: information, personal meeting, help from other people, self-confidence, time, documents and photographs, money, “external push”, knowledge of laws, appropriate appearance, something other?
- Decide what you will do next: in case of success, in case of failure.
- "Want"
- Personal goals and values
- (professional interests and
- inclinations)
- "Can"
- The problem of human capabilities
- (physiological, mental)
- "Necessary"
- Labor market needs
- (ways and means to achieve the goal)
- 1. Ignorance of the world of professions
- 2. Ignorance of oneself
- 3. Ignorance of the rules for choosing a profession
- Practically all professions are constantly changing their former appearance, often a completely new character of work is hidden behind the old name.
- Prejudice against the prestige of the profession, focusing immediately on highly qualified professions (manager, diplomat, translator).
- Passion for only the external side of the profession (for example, a person wants to become a lawyer because he watches detectives).
- Inability to understand oneself, one's real inclinations, inadequate assessment of one's abilities;
- Underestimation of one's physical abilities, the state of one's health when choosing a profession;
- Inability to correlate their abilities with the requirements of the profession.
- Identification of the subject with the profession (“I am fond of geography - I will become a geologist”);
- Transfer of attitude towards a person to a profession (“I will be an accountant, like a mother”);
- Choosing a profession for the "company" is an unconscious fear of parting with the familiar environment.
- We answer the following questions:
- What level of education can I expect (higher, secondary, special, courses or something else), given my school performance and intellectual abilities?
- What should be the content of the profession to make it interesting for me to work?
- What material reward do I want to receive for my work - the real minimum wage?
- What kind of lifestyle do I want to lead: stressful, when you have to devote to work not only work time, - or free, allowing you to give a lot of time to family, friends and your favorite business.
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- Map of interests.
- DDO-20 E.A. Klimova "I prefer."
- professional type personality.
- Questionnaire Leonhard-Shmishek to determine accentuation.
- Eysenck questionnaire for determining temperament
- Questionnaire G Kazantseva to determine self-esteem.
- The methodology proposed by E.A. Golomshtok is aimed at diagnosing the professional interests of the student and is widely used in practice. career guidance for many years.
- The questionnaire consists of 90 questions.
- The methodology allows you to choose 15 areas of activity: physics, mathematics, auto business, computer and office equipment, chemistry, biology, medicine, geography and ecology, history, philology and journalism, art, pedagogy, work in the service sector, military affairs and the Ministry of Emergency Situations, law .
- Analyzing the data obtained, it is necessary to highlight the areas that contain the largest number of positive answers. If among them there are several areas with the same number of positive answers, then it should be considered that those that contain the smallest number of negative answers correspond to more pronounced interests.
- When assessing the orientation of interests, the areas with the largest number of positive answers, as well as the areas with the largest number of negative answers, rejected by the optant, are taken into account.
- The assessment of the degree of expressiveness of interests has five gradations: the highest degree of denial - from -12 to -6, interest is denied - from -5 to -1, interest is weakly expressed from +1 to +4, expressed interest - from +5 to +7, bright expressed interest from +8 to +12.
- The technique determines inclinations - pronounced interests. This is the desire to engage in a certain type of activity.
- The questionnaire is based on the idea of dividing all existing professions into 5 types according to the subject or object with which a person interacts in the process of her work:
- man, nature
- tech man,
- man, man
- man Sign System,
- man is an artistic image.
- The highest amount or amounts received (by columns) indicate the most suitable occupation type. Small amounts indicate the types of professions to avoid when choosing. The maximum number in each column is 8 points.
- After determining the preferred type of profession, the search circle narrows.
- .To assess the professional personal type, the method of D. Holland is used. He developed the concept of individuality to determine the social orientation of the individual and identified 6 types:
- realistic
- intellectual,
- social,
- conventional,
- enterprising,
- artistic.
- The test consists of 42 pairs of professions. One profession is chosen from each pair. With the help of the key, the matches of the answers on six scales are counted.
- For a detailed analysis and greater clarity of the professional orientation of the individual, a graph is constructed: the abscissa axis is the serial numbers of the scales from 1 to 6, the ordinate axis is the number of matches on each scale
- The theoretical basis of the test is the concept of “accentuation of personalities” by K. Leonhard, who believes that personality traits can be divided into basic and additional ones.
- The selected 10 types of accentuated personalities are divided into 2 groups: character accentuations (demonstrative, pedantic, stuck, excitable.) and temperament accentuations (hyperthymic, dysthymic, anxious, cyclothymic, exalted).
- In the case of pronounced expression, the main character traits become character accentuations.
- After scoring, a graph is built.
- The sum of points in the range from 15 to 19 speaks only of a tendency towards one or another type of accentuation. From 19 to 24 points, the character trait is accentuated.
- The questionnaire contains 60 questions. After processing the data, the scales are determined: introversion-extraversion, neuroticism and the “lie scale”.
- In order to find out your temperament (melancholic, choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic), you need to draw a coordinate axis.
- Score for the introversion scale (horizontal): 1-7 - significant introversion, 8-11 - moderate introversion, 12-18 - moderate extraversion, 19-24 - significant extraversion.
- Score for the scale of neuroticism (vertical): up to 10 points - high emotional stability, 11-14 points - average emotional stability, 15-18 points - high emotional instability, 19-24 points - very high emotional instability.
- According to the “lie scale”, an indicator of 4-5 points is considered critical.
- Processing key:
- Extraversion (E): "YES": 1, 3, 9, 11, 14, 17, 19, 22, 25, 27, 30, 35, 38, 41, 43, 46, 49, 53, 57. "NO" : 6, 33, 51, 55, 59.
- Neuroticism (N): 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 15, 18, 21, 23, 26, 29, 31, 34, 37, 39, 42, 45, 47, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 , 60.
- "Lie scale": "YES": 8, 16, 24, 28, z6, 44. "NO": 4, 12, 20, 32, 40, 48.
- The outward orientation of the individual, a wide circle of acquaintances, the need for contacts.
- An extrovert acts on the spur of the moment, impulsive, quick-tempered, carefree, optimistic, good-natured, cheerful.
- Prefers movement and action, tends to be aggressive
- Feelings and emotions do not have strict control, prone to risky actions.
- You can't always rely on him.
- This is a calm, shy person, prone to introspection.
- Restrained and distant from everyone except close people.
- Plans and considers his actions in advance.
- Distrusts sudden urges.
- Serious about making decisions.
- Likes everything in order.
- Controls his feelings, he is not easily pissed off.
- Possesses pessimism.
- Highly values moral standards.
- Neuroticism characterizes emotional stability or emotional instability.
- Neuroticism is associated with indicators of nervous system lability
- Emotional stability is a trait that expresses the preservation of organized behavior, situational focus in normal and stressful situations.
- Characterized by:
- maturity
- excellent adaptation,
- lack of great tension
- anxiety
- as well as a tendency to leadership, sociability.
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- Emotional instability is expressed in extreme nervousness, poor adaptation, a tendency to quickly change moods (lability), feelings of guilt and anxiety, anxiety, depressive reactions, absent-mindedness, instability in stressful situations.
- A high level of neuroticism corresponds to emotional impulsivity, unevenness in contacts with people, variability of interests, self-doubt, pronounced sensitivity, impressionability, and a tendency to irritability.
- The neurotic personality is characterized by inadequately strong reactions in relation to the stimuli that cause them. Individuals with a high score on the neuroticism scale in adverse stressful situations may develop neurosis
- Scientific approach Pavlova I.P. connects the types of temperament with the properties of the nervous system. Pavlov identified three basic properties: strength, balance and mobility of the nervous system.
- The strength of the nervous system means its performance, the ability to maintain arousal for a long time.
- The balance of the nervous system is the balance between excitation and inhibition.
- The mobility of the nervous system is the rate of change of the excitatory process by the inhibitory one and vice versa.
- Sanguine is a strong, balanced, mobile type of nervous system.
- Phlegmatic is a strong, balanced, inert type of nervous system.
- Choleric is a strong, unbalanced in the direction of excitation, mobile type of the nervous system.
- Melancholic is a weak, unbalanced, inert type of nervous system.
- They quickly get tired at high nervous tensions, they are prone to fainting. Sluggish in speech and movements. They worry a lot about little things. Very soft, friendly, but rather spineless people. They rejoice when they manage to avoid an unpleasant conversation, although the goal is not achieved.
- Very vulnerable, sensitive, touchy, they worry for a long time on any occasion, they cannot work intensively, as they get tired quickly, but true friends who know how to keep other people's secrets and secrets and empathize with other people.
- The exact opposite of melancholic. Aggressive nature, always going to meet difficulties. Every experience leads to action. Soft remarks are not perceived, hard - lead to a riot. Poorly perceive humor, especially jokes at their own expense. The main violators of discipline. The best way to deal with a choleric person is to constantly keep him busy so that his energy always has an outlet.
- Excitable, quick-tempered, they easily get into a scandal and quarrel, they can say a lot of superfluous things, but they quickly cool down and forget insults. All emotions flow very rapidly, they can come up with something new, sort of generators of ideas, but often they don’t finish the job.
- Giants of the nervous system. Optimists. They get sick the least. Little sleep. They have great performance. Speech and movement are almost as fast as those of the choleric, but the feelings are not violent, rapidly changing. Usually good workers. But it is difficult to make sanguine people work. He needs to be interested - then he will move mountains.
- Active, sociable, emotional in moderation, easily establish contacts and make acquaintances, quickly grasp everything, but often do not delve into the essence of the matter or problem, and their acquaintances are superficial
- Strong balanced nervous system. Feelings are constant, but not pronounced. Movement and speech are calm, measured. The reaction to an unexpected impact is delayed. In order for the phlegmatic to work well, it is necessary to “shake” him from time to time, arrange an analysis of his work, scold or, conversely, praise him.
- They are calm, unperturbed, they think over all the problems that arise for a very long time, get ready for a long time to do some business, and will not calm down until they finish the work they have started, they are very meticulously and carefully preparing for everything and prefer to get to the bottom of the essence.
- Unconscious manifestations of a person are very informative:
- gait,
- speech speed,
- reactions,
- gesture,
- emotionality,
- facial expressions.
- By observing and fixing these manifestations, one can more accurately establish the type of temperament.
- Rapid gait, sometimes even bouncing.
- Rich expression.
- Active gesticulation.
- Rapid speech, sometimes even swallowing words or their endings.
- High reaction rate.
- High emotionality.
- Everything is more or less balanced.
- The gait is vigorous but even.
- Gesticulation and facial expressions correspond to words.
- Speech is clear and understandable
- Behavior is accompanied by corresponding emotions.
- Reaction speed is quite good
- Slow and regal.
- The gait is measured and smooth.
- Facial expressions and gestures are inexpressive or absent altogether.
- The reaction rate is low.
- The speech is detailed, slow, maybe with pauses.
- Emotions practically does not express, you will not guess what he feels
- Gives the impression of a shy or fearful person.
- The gait is small, mincing.
- Speech is quiet, which is sometimes slurred.
- Facial expressions and gestures are careful.
- The reaction rate is low.
- Emotions are also expressed inactively, cautiously - laughing quietly, crying.
- For a long time he experiences everything that happens to him.
- Each type of psyche is suitable for some cases and professions and less for others. Melancholic people are often people of art. But they make bad drivers and useless climbers. Cholerics are great test pilots, but they're bad calculators. Phlegmatic, on the contrary, are excellent accountants, calculators, but, as a rule, unimportant poets. Sanguine people are good drivers, sappers, engineers, but they are not as patient as phlegmatic people.
- As a rule, a person purely unconsciously determines the advantages and disadvantages of his temperament and uses them in the process of performing any activity.
- Such an adaptation of the properties of temperament to activity is called an individual style of activity, thanks to which a person can achieve significant success in activity.
- Melancholic people create an optimal mode of work and rest for themselves.
- Phlegmatic people carefully prepare for classes.
- Sanguine people expand their knowledge without going deep into it, but they amaze teachers with erudition.
- Cholerics develop a creative approach to everything
- 1.Goals and objectives of the project.
- Determine your life plans and, in accordance with them, outline the path for developing a professional career.
- Identify your abilities and interests, find the most optimal combination of them in your future profession.
- Navigate the diverse world of professions.
- Learn to independently choose educational institutions, plan your future career.
- Learn to adequately assess your abilities and capabilities.
- To familiarize interested persons (parents, teachers), we collect information about the professional orientation.
- 2. Plan of action.
- Rationale for the choice of the project topic. Search and collection of information for applicants to colleges or universities.
- Identification of interests, abilities, temperament, accentuation, personality type.
- Justification for the choice of specialty.
- Justification of the choice of educational institution (paid or free education).
- Consider options in case of non-receipt.
- Admission.
- Evaluation and protection of the project
- Vasyova A.A. "Professional self-determination of students" Perm 2005
- Savchenko M.Yu. "Vocational guidance" Moscow "Vako" 2008
- "Technology" textbook for 11th grade students, ed. Simonenko V.D. 2002
- Mironova M.M. "Psychology" Development of activities with children Grade 10 Volgograd 2005
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