So, social services. Let's figure out what this concept includes. As a rule, mutually beneficial relationships arise when the existing demand for certain goods or services meets a supply that fully satisfies with its qualities those who have somehow realized and formulated a certain need. This is how relationships are built in all spheres, including social ones. Note that the demand for social services arises from the most vulnerable people: elderly people, disabled people and children from disadvantaged families. Let us consider in detail one of the types of social relationships - semi-stationary social services.
Parties of the relationship
Any contractual relationship involves at least two parties who agree on the rights and obligations in relation to each other.
In the Russian Federation, the right to social services, including semi-stationary social services, can be used by both citizens of the Russian Federation and foreigners, as well as persons who do not have citizenship, but are registered with permanent residence in Russia. And this is one side.
On the other side are those bodies and organizations whose scope of activity is the provision of necessary services. Let's present them in descending order of authority:
- organ executive power federal level: its function is legislative;
- state bodies of regional importance: their function is executive and control of the social sphere of the region;
- social service institutions reporting to federal executive authorities;
- social service institutions accountable to government agencies regional significance;
- institutions providing social services on a non-state basis: both commercial and non-profit;
- private entrepreneurs providing social services to the population.
Basic principles
All bodies and institutions related to social sphere, including the provision of stationary and semi-stationary social services, are guided in their work by certain principles.
Let's list the main ones:
1. Humane treatment of persons in custody inpatient care, including:
- a ban on the use of any medicinal influence on them for the purpose of influencing behavior;
- inadmissibility of the use of force or coercive isolation.
Identification of the listed actions on the part of institutional staff entails administrative and criminal liability.
2. Social services are provided to persons in need solely on a voluntary basis. If desired, a person receiving social services may refuse them at any time.
3. All details of a confidential nature, as well as the personal data of the person applying for the provision social services that have become known to social sector specialists are not subject to disclosure. Liability for violation of this principle is also provided for by law.
4. Any citizen in need of social services should have the opportunity to receive it. The entire range of established social services must be available to anyone who needs them.
5. Organs social protection of the population carry out systematic work aimed at creating and replenishing a database of people who, due to life circumstances, need social support. Lists of such people are also provided educational institutions, Department of Internal Affairs, medical institutions.
Payment for services
Social services are provided by organizations whose functions include stationary and semi-stationary social services to the population, both free of charge and on a paid basis. The amount of partial or full payment is established by executive authorities at the federal level of the Russian Federation. The list of services provided is compiled on the basis of the demand of those categories of the population to whom these services are provided. Services provided free of charge are financed from the regional budget.
The quality of social services, as well as their regularity, are determined state standard.
The state is interested both in maintaining the usual quality of life and in increasing it for those categories of the population that are recognized as in need of social services.
Definition of social service
The concept of social service refers exclusively to the social sphere. This is an activity carried out constantly, periodically or once with the aim of improving the quality of life of the person seeking help.
There are three types of social assistance, we list them:
1. Stationary, i.e. on permanent basis: provides accommodation senior citizens and disabled people in boarding homes, as well as accommodation and educational process for children in boarding homes.
2. Semi-stationary, i.e. with limited duration of stay:
- stay in day and night institutions - for the elderly and disabled;
- for minors who have lost their parents or removed from dysfunctional families - accommodation in children's centers.
3. Home service: both on a regular basis and one-time.
Thus, semi-stationary social service institutions are considered to be those institutions in which stay for needy categories of the population is limited to a certain period established by law.
List of social services
Social services can be provided to certain categories of the population on a long-term and regular basis or on a one-time basis.
It should be noted that the provision of social services for a long period is provided mainly for stationary and semi-stationary forms of social services. A citizen, being in social institution, receives the following services on a regular basis:
- Social amenities, providing a standard level household comfort.
- Social and medical, providing medical checkup, carrying out therapeutic measures, including physical therapy, and, if necessary, carrying out medical procedures.
- Socio-psychological, aimed at stabilizing the psychological state of the recipient of social services, his socialization. If necessary, anonymous psychological work via a helpline.
- Social and pedagogical - provided both taking into account existing behavioral deviations among recipients of social services, and for preventive purposes, which requires a revision of the value system and, as a consequence, the formation of interests that contribute to development. Pedagogical assistance is also provided to parents in raising children.
- Social and labor - are provided to a citizen who is experiencing difficulties with employment, as well as with the arrangement of life associated with the inclusion of a work schedule.
- Socio-legal - provided in order to improve legal literacy for certain categories of the population who need to defend their rights and interests. Providing legal advice may be free, but this does not apply to representing a citizen’s interests in court.
- Services aimed at developing the communication skills of a person with a disability due to the loss of limbs, vision and other organs intended for full communication.
This also applies to disabled children.
Urgent services
Let's consider a situation where you, being a single or disabled pensioner or disabled person, are faced with a problem for which you need outside help. Your financial resources are not great, so you are not able to pay for the necessary services at commercial prices. In this case, information about urgent social assistance may be useful to you. It is provided by emergency social assistance departments at state budgetary institutions social services for the population. Such institutions exist in all regions of the Russian Federation.
So, how can they be useful to you?
Let's start with the fact that such institutions operate warehouses for free clothing and shoes. These clothes are brought as charity by people who, for some reason, do not use them. Clothes, both winter and summer, are accepted only in good condition, clean and ironed. Sometimes entrepreneurs bring new clothes and shoes. The warehouse also contains children's toys, children's furniture, strollers and walkers. However, these items do not stay in stock. Before the new school year, large quantities are received for storage. school supplies, uniforms and briefcases.
- You can receive the necessary clothing in the form of free urgent social assistance at the warehouse, pick up shoes and other items that you need from the above list.
- If for any reason you need temporary housing, then by contacting the social security department, you can get the opportunity to live in a semi-permanent social service institution.
- U you have legal difficulties, but you do not have the funds to pay for a lawyer. In the form of urgent social assistance, you may be provided with free legal advice.
- If a situation involving a high level of stress has occurred in your life, and you were unable to overcome it on your own, then you can seek psychological help from the emergency social services department. This assistance will be provided to you free of charge by a psychologist of the institution, and, if necessary, by a clergyman who interacts with this institution.
- If it is difficult for you to carry out minor cosmetic repairs on your own, then social workers from emergency social service departments will help you solve this problem. But these services will be paid. However, the prices for such work are quite affordable.
- If you are disabled and find it difficult to use services public transport, but there is a need to travel, for example, to a place of treatment, then in social service institutions there is an urgent transport service. It is also paid: you pay the cost of gasoline and the driver’s work.
- Nice appearance should be at any age. But if it is not possible to get to the nearest hairdresser, or its services are expensive, then you can make a request to call a hairdresser from an emergency social service department. This service is also paid, however, its price is an order of magnitude lower than the commercial one.
Note: To receive urgent services, you only need to fill out an application at the emergency social services department. The provision of semi-stationary social services, just like stationary ones, is associated with the procedure for obtaining the appropriate package of documents.
Who is eligible?
Not every citizen of the Russian Federation has the right to the existing range of social services, but only those who have been recognized by a special commission as needing the provision of social services. It is this citizen of the Russian Federation who will be considered a recipient of social services.
In each region of the country there is a Ministry of Labor and Social Development, and it is at its level that decisions on a citizen’s need for social services are approved.
This occurs under the following circumstances:
- a citizen cannot or is unable to properly continue to care for himself independently due to illness, age-related changes, injury or recognition as disabled;
- a citizen cannot provide adequate permanent care for a disabled child or an adult recognized as disabled due to the fact that he is forced to work;
- the family includes children or one child who need socialization; minors may also be wards;
- family members do not have the opportunity to provide both permanent and temporary care for minors, disabled people, disabled children, including due to the lack of care for these family members;
- the family includes antisocial persons with established alcohol, drug or gaming addictions, as well as those with mental disabilities or signs of domestic violence;
- a citizen under 23 years of age was left without permanent residence upon leaving an institution for minors left without parents due to the death of the latter or due to the deprivation of parental rights;
- the citizen is unemployed and deprived of a means of subsistence;
- other circumstances provided for by regional legislation or federal laws.
Main document
So, if a citizen belongs to one of the categories listed above, he has the right to social services, both on a permanent and short-term basis. However, this does not mean that a social service institution can begin to provide social services to a citizen.
The registration procedure begins with a citizen’s application submitted to the territorial institution of social services for the population. After which representatives of this institution go to the citizen’s place of residence to draw up an inspection report on the material and living conditions, as well as examinations of his physical and mental conditions, which are also reflected in the corresponding act.
These documents are the starting point for the formation of an “Individual program for the provision of social services.” This package of documents will reflect the types of semi-stationary social services and other clauses of the contract.
It should be remembered that only certain categories of persons can apply for the provision of social services. We have listed them above.
Where does this happen?
Those who apply for the provision of social services on a regular basis should know what their receipt will actually entail.
Semi-stationary social services are provided by specialists and special employees of territorial integrated social service centers, which organize day and (or) night departments for those in need. These departments are supervised by social protection authorities.
You will, of course, remember that there is a specific time period during which you can be a “resident” of a semi-inpatient social care unit. There is no talk of lifelong residence there.
The provision of semi-stationary social services can be either free for you (for certain types of services) or paid. The amount of payment for social services is related to per capita financing established in each region of the Russian Federation. Per capita financing depends on the cost of living established in the region of your residence.
How will they help you?
As part of semi-stationary social services for senior citizens and disabled people, you can count on the following services:
- You will be provided with hot meals; proposed bed dress, a sleeping place is allocated in a room with sanitary and hygienic conditions that meet the standards for these institutions; You will have free access to a variety of printed materials, as well as board games appropriate for your age group.
- Social medical services: you will be provided with both medical and psychological assistance within the limits of your needs; including you can count on sanitary and hygiene services, different kinds health and rehabilitation procedures.
- Semi-stationary social services for disabled people include, in particular, medical rehabilitation procedures in accordance with the “Individual Rehabilitation Program for a Disabled Person”. This assistance is difficult to overestimate, since not every citizen with a disability can afford daily rehabilitation activities at the base medical institutions, especially considering their remoteness.
- Within the framework of semi-stationary social services for the elderly and disabled, it is provided not only to increase your educational level, but also to receive new profession. You will be able to gain practical skills in your chosen profession, and with the help of psychological support it will be easier for you to gain confidence in new circumstances and in a new status for you.
- Recipients of social services, as a rule, need legal assistance. And legal advice is provided to them free of charge.
As you can see, the organization of semi-stationary social services provides all types of necessary assistance to both elderly citizens and people with disabilities to constructively change the quality of their lives. And the time frame provided for staying in this institution is quite enough for the effect of your stay to be maximum. The main thing is to understand why you are here.
Rights and obligations
So, in order for a citizen to become a recipient of social services for a certain period, an “Individual program for the provision of social services” is filled out, which sets out the procedure for providing semi-stationary social services.
You have read the list of services above. From them you can select those that are necessary, their quantity per week, clarify the conditions and terms of their provision. In this document you can see a list of all social service providers available in your area of residence.
After the final review of this document, the person puts his signature, which will confirm agreement with the conditions specified in the Program.
However, you need to know that if you want to change the quantity or terms of provision of the social services you have chosen, you can always do this.
However, the social service provider does not have the right to change the procedure for semi-stationary social services and the types of services.
Home delivery
Branches of comprehensive social service centers can provide social services to citizens in need “with home delivery.”
Semi-stationary social services at home are provided to recipients of social services either for a certain period of time (up to six months) or indefinitely.
Peculiarities:
- This type of service can be chosen by those pensioners or disabled people who need outside help only in some areas, but in general they can cope with household chores quite well. Such recipients of social services may have certain difficulties with self-care, so they, in need of help from social workers and social work specialists, choose a set general services(complex).
- Also, social and medical services can be provided at home, provided that there is a social and medical department as part of a comprehensive center for social services for the population. This is due to the fact that persons old age and disabled people who need this type of service may have diseases that require a social worker with medical education. These are diseases such as: mental disorders, but in remission; tuberculosis in closed form; oncology in the last stage.
- The legislation provides for circumstances and diseases in which the provision of social and medical services is impossible. A document confirming the presence of this disease is signed by a representative of the social protection department and the VKK of the medical institution.
As for other social services provided at home, they are listed above, in the chapter “How they can help you.” However, the presence or absence of staffing table a comprehensive center for social services of specialists competent in these areas.
FOR MINOR RECIPIENTS OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN A SEMI-STATIONARY FORM OF SOCIAL SERVICES
1.1. Social services in a semi-stationary form are provided to minors recognized as needing social services due to the following circumstances that worsen or may worsen their living conditions:
a) the child (including those under guardianship or guardianship) has difficulties in social adaptation;
b) the presence of problems associated with socialization among graduates of organizations for orphans and children left without parental care, as well as among minors released from institutions of the penitentiary system Federal service execution of sentences and those returning from special closed educational institutions;
c) the presence of intra-family conflict, including with persons with drug or alcohol addiction, persons addicted to gambling, persons suffering from mental disorders, the presence of domestic violence;
d) the presence of post-traumatic disorders, including psychological trauma received as a result of experienced emergency situations, armed international (interethnic) conflicts and (or) the presence of suicidal intentions;
e) commission of an offense or crime by a minor;
f) violation of the rights and legitimate interests of minors, including cruel treatment and violence against a minor;
g) the presence of circumstances that create a risk of a parent or other legal representative leaving a child without care, as well as the risk of a woman artificially terminating a pregnancy not for medical reasons;
h) the presence of a minor legal status an orphan child, a child left without parental care, or whether a citizen has the status of a person from among orphans, children left without parental care.
1.2. Social services in a semi-stationary form are provided by the department of day care for minors and social rehabilitation of disabled people.
2.1. An application for the provision of social services is submitted by a citizen or his representative
2.2. The following documents must be attached to the application for the provision of social services:
a) a copy of the passport or other identification document of the citizen (if available);
b) a copy of the passport or other identification document of the citizen’s representative, if his representative applies for a service in the interests of the citizen;
c) a copy of a document confirming the authority of the citizen’s representative, if his representative applies for a service in the interests of the citizen;
d) copy of the conclusion medical organization about the state of health of the citizen about the presence (absence) of medical contraindications for staying in a semi-stationary organization, specified in paragraph 4.2 of section 4;
e) a document from a medical organization on the placement of a parent (legal representative) of a minor for treatment (rehabilitation) (if available);
f) a petition from an official of a body or institution of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency, including one based on the conclusion of a psychologist (if available);
g) the decision of the person conducting the inquiry, the investigator, the prosecutor or the judge in the event of detention, arrest or conviction of the parents or legal representatives of the minor (if any).
3.1. Social services in the semi-stationary form of social services, specified in the Law of the Tyumen Region dated December 2, 2014 No. 108 “On the list of social services provided by social service providers”, in the volumes determined by the standards of social services, are provided to citizens specified in paragraph 1.1 of Section 1 free of charge .
3.2. Social services provided in excess of the volumes determined by the standards of social services, as well as additional social services not included in the list of social services approved by the Law
PROCEDURE FOR PROVIDING SOCIAL SERVICES IN A SEMI-STANDARD FORM
4.1. Social services in the semi-stationary form of social services are provided to citizens in the absence of medical contraindications specified in paragraph 4.2 of this section.
4.2. Medical contraindications to the provision of social services in a semi-stationary form are:
a) acute infectious diseases or chronic infectious diseases in the acute stage, severe course and (or) infectious to others, as well as fever, rash of unknown etiology;
b) severe chronic skin diseases with multiple rashes and copious discharge;
c) quarantine infectious diseases;
d) chronic and protracted mental disorders with severe persistent or frequently exacerbating painful manifestations, including those associated with the use of psychoactive substances;
e) complete loss of the ability to self-care and free movement;
f) all diseases requiring hospital treatment, constant round-the-clock care, chronic diseases in the stage of decompensation (exacerbation).
4.3. If a citizen has medical contraindications, he has the right to re-apply for social services after undergoing appropriate treatment and re-submitting the documents specified in section 2.
4.4. When contacting a social service provider, a citizen or his representative submits the following documents:
a) a personal appeal from a minor or a statement from the parents of a minor (legal representatives) taking into account the opinion of a minor who has reached the age of 10 years, except for cases where taking into account the opinion of a minor is contrary to his interests, or a statement from a body or official of a body or institution of the system for the prevention of neglect and delinquency of minors ;
b) an individual program for the provision of social services;
c) birth certificate (in its absence, a medical examination report certifying the age of the minor), passport or other document certifying the identity of the minor (for citizens over 14 years of age) (if available);
d) passport or other identification document of parents, legal representatives (if available);
e) a copy of the medical organization’s conclusion on the citizen’s health status and the presence (absence) of medical contraindications for staying in a semi-stationary organization, specified in paragraph 4.2 of Section 4.
4.4.1. The Office additionally provides the social service provider with copies of the following documents:
a) a petition from an official of the body or institution of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency (if any);
b) the decision of the person conducting the inquiry, the investigator, the prosecutor or the judge in the event of the detention, arrest or conviction of the parents or legal representatives of the minor (if any).
4.5. Social services in the semi-stationary form of social services in accordance with this subsection are provided for a period of no more than 18 working days (in the amount of no more than three hours per day).
4.6. To provide social services in a semi-stationary form of social services, the following groups are formed:
a) in the first half of the day, observing the time interval 08:30-11:30 for:
children who do not attend preschool organizations;
schoolchildren studying from the second shift;
b) in the afternoon, observing the time interval of 13:30-16:30 for schoolchildren studying from the first shift.
Throughout the day, groups can be attended by teenagers who are not studying and do not have a permanent place of work, as well as teenagers receiving secondary education. professional education, working teenagers.
4.7. On the last day of social services, in a semi-permanent form, the recipient of social services or his representative is given a conclusion on the results of the implementation of an individual program for the provision of social services and recommendations for further work with him and (or) his family. Recommendations for further social support of the minor and his family are also sent to the territorial commission for minors and protection of their rights.
Rehabilitation of citizens with disabilities
PROCEDURE FOR PROVIDING SOCIAL SERVICES TO RECIPIENTS OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN A SEMI-PERMANENT FORM TO DISABLED INDIVIDUALS, DISABLED CHILDREN RECOGNIZED AS IN NEED OF SOCIAL SERVICES DUE TO PARTIAL LOSS OF CAPACITY OR POSSIBILITY OF OSU PROVIDE SELF-CARE, MOVE INDEPENDENTLY, PROVIDE THE BASIC NEEDS OF LIFE DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF DISABILITY, FOR CHILDREN AGED 0 TO 3 YEARS OLD WITH LIMITED HEALTH CAPABILITIES RECOGNIZED AS IN NEED OF SOCIAL SERVICE DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF LIMITED HEALTH CAPABILITIES IN A CHILD AGED FROM 0 TO 3 YEARS OLD.
Social services in a semi-stationary form in accordance with this section are provided:
Disabled children, disabled children recognized as needing social services due to partial loss of the ability or ability to provide self-care, move independently, and provide basic life needs due to the presence of a disability.
Children aged 0 to 3 years with disabilities who are recognized as in need of social services due to the presence of disabilities in a child aged 0 to 3 years.
Social services in a semi-stationary form in accordance with this subsection are provided by centers (comprehensive centers) of social services for the population, social rehabilitation centers for minors, rehabilitation centers for the disabled, centers for social assistance to families and children and others legal entities regardless of their organizational and legal form and (or) individual entrepreneurs carrying out activities similar to the activities of these organizations.
LIST OF DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR THE PROVISION OF SOCIAL SERVICES
An application for the provision of social services in accordance with this subsection is submitted by a citizen or his representative.
The following documents are attached to the application for the provision of social services:
1) a copy of a passport or other identification document of a citizen;
2) a copy of the passport or other identification document of the citizen’s representative, if his representative applies for a service in the interests of the citizen;
3) a copy of the document confirming the authority of the citizen’s representative, if his representative applies for a service in the interests of the citizen;
4) a copy of the medical organization’s conclusion on the citizen’s health status and the presence (absence) of medical contraindications to social services in a semi-stationary form.
5) copy of birth certificate
6) a copy of a certificate of disability indicating the disability group (if there is a disability);
7) a copy of the individual rehabilitation or habilitation program (if there is a disability).
RULES FOR PROVIDING SOCIAL SERVICES FOR FREE OR FOR A PAYMENT OR PARTIAL PAYMENT
Social services in the semi-stationary form of social services specified in the Law of the Tyumen Region dated December 2, 2014 No. 108 “On the list of social services provided by social service providers” are provided free of charge.
Social services provided in excess of the volumes determined by the standards of social services, as well as additional social services not included in the list of social services approved by the Law of the Tyumen Region dated December 2, 2014 No. 108 “On the list of social services provided by social service providers,” are provided on the terms payment in the amount of 100 percent of the established tariffs in accordance with the agreement on the provision of social services.
PROCEDURE FOR PROVIDING SOCIAL SERVICES IN SEMI-PERMANENT FORM
Social services in a semi-stationary form of social services are provided to citizens in the absence of medical contraindications.
Medical contraindications to the provision of social services in a semi-stationary form in accordance with this subsection are:
1) acute infectious diseases or chronic infectious diseases in the acute stage, severe course and (or) infectious to others, as well as fever, rash of unknown etiology;
2) tuberculosis of any organs and systems with bacterial isolation confirmed by culture;
3) severe chronic skin diseases with multiple rashes and copious discharge;
4) chronic and protracted mental disorders with severe persistent or often exacerbating painful manifestations, including those associated with the use of psychoactive substances;
5) chronic alcoholism, drug addiction;
6) complete loss of the ability to self-care and free movement;
7) all diseases requiring hospital treatment, constant round-the-clock care, chronic diseases in the stage of decompensation (exacerbation).
If a citizen has medical contraindications, he has the right to re-apply for social services in accordance with this subsection after undergoing appropriate treatment and re-submitting documents.
When contacting a social service provider, a citizen or his representative submits the following documents:
1) an individual program for the provision of social services;
2) passport or other identification document of a citizen or birth certificate of a child;
3) a conclusion from a medical organization on the citizen’s health status and the presence (absence) of medical contraindications to social services in a semi-stationary form.
Semi-stationary social services are used for elderly and disabled citizens who are able to care for themselves and can actively move around. They should not have medical contraindications for enrollment in such social services. This group also includes children who find themselves in difficult life situations.
Semi-stationary social services are provided by semi-stationary organizations (enterprises, institutions) of social care or departments of stay, both at night and during the day. They are formed in public social service centers and are used to assist in carrying out activities in the field of social adaptation to living conditions in the society of social service clients who have lost socially useful connections.
Note 1
Semi-stationary social services consist of medical care, social and cultural services. It is available to disabled people and elderly citizens.
The institutions in question can provide services for:
- organizing catering, everyday life and leisure (for example, providing hot food and drink, issuing bed linen, providing newspapers, books, magazines, etc.);
- social medical services (for example, receiving medical psychological assistance, sanitary and hygienic services, medical and recreational activities, rehabilitation activities for the disabled, assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium and resort treatment, assistance in prosthetics, etc.);
- obtaining education and professional training;
- assistance in employment;
- provision of legal services;
- assistance in organizing funeral services.
Features of semi-permanent service
For people without an appropriate place of residence and occupation, special semi-permanent institutions can be created, including an overnight home, a hotel or shelter, and a social adaptation center. Such organizations can provide overnight accommodation, first aid, provision of personal hygiene and sanitary items, one-time free meals, consultations on issues of household arrangements and employment, assistance in preparing identification documents, placement in inpatient institutions providing social services. .
Note 2
For persons who are released from prison and who need social adaptation, in addition to the services discussed above, assistance can be provided in the area of restoring lost social ties with family, housing rights, etc.
Social services at home
Social services at home can be one of the main forms of social services. Such services are aimed at maximizing the extension of the stay of elderly and disabled people in the usual conditions of the social environment to support their social status, including the protection of the legitimate interests and rights of such persons.
The number of guaranteed home-based social services can include services for:
- catering, including home delivery of food;
- assistance in purchasing medicines, groceries, and essential goods;
- assistance in obtaining medical care, including the process of escorting to medical institutions;
- maintaining living conditions that meet hygienic requirements;
- assistance in organizing legal assistance and services in the field of law;
- assistance in organizing funeral services, funerals;
- other social services of a domestic nature.
In the course of serving elderly people and disabled people who live in residential premises without central heating (water supply), home-based social services may include assistance in providing water and fuel.
Note 3
Social health care at home is provided for those in need of home-based social services. These may be elderly people and disabled people who suffer from mental disorders (in remission), tuberculosis (excluding its active form), and serious diseases (including oncology) in late stages.
For elderly (elderly) people and disabled people who are bacteria or virus carriers, or in case of their chronic alcoholism, quarantine in case of an infectious disease, active form of tuberculosis, severe mental disorder, sexually transmitted and other diseases that require treatment in special healthcare organizations, a refusal to provide home social services and social and medical services may be received.
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Currently in Russia the number of elderly citizens is 30.5 million people or 20.7 percent of the total population. There is a steady increase in the share of people of retirement age, which will continue in the near future. Over the past forty years, the number of elderly people has increased by 2.2 times (with an increase of the entire population by 1.25 times). Kiselev S.G. Social services - a contribution to the social well-being of elderly citizens // Social service worker, 2004, No. 1 - 2. - p. 17.
Population aging occurs simultaneously with the process of a general decline in living standards. For the majority of older people, retirement means a decrease in income by one and a half, two or more times. The inability of older people to satisfy their needs independently or with the help of relatives should not always be the basis for placement in inpatient social service institutions.
Therefore, the predominant development of a network of institutions of non-stationary and semi-stationary types remains indisputable. Thanks to this, many older people who have retained full or partial ability for self-care have gained access to basic social services, as well as the opportunity to live independently in their usual living environment.
Institutions with non-stationary and semi-stationary forms of social services include social service centers, which are leading in the provision of social assistance at the municipal level.
Social services for elderly and elderly people are provided through the department of centers:
Social assistance at home;
Specialized home care department;
Emergency department;
Day care unit;
Helpline service;
Department of Natural Aid and Services;
Social services can be permanent or temporary, depending on the wishes of the ward. It can be completely free, partially paid or paid, depending on the income of pensioners.
The right to social services is available to women over 55 years of age and men over 60 years of age who need permanent or temporary assistance due to partial or complete loss of the ability to independently meet their life needs.
Semi-permanent institutions of a new type are gerontological centers, where, with a homogeneous age composition, similar needs and interests of service persons, it is easier to create a comfortable living environment, maintain a favorable psychological atmosphere, and provide older people with medical care and care.
Currently, 10 gerontological and gerontopsychological centers (departments) serve 2.1 thousand people. The number of social service centers in the country is 1,744; more than a third of the centers are comprehensive, providing a variety of services to various categories of the population. In the forecast period, it is expected that the network of social service centers will increase annually by at least 50 units.
An analysis of the work of social service institutions shows that 931 centers have semi-permanent day care institutions. Each such department serves on average about 570 people per year. Concept social policy regarding older people// Social Security, 2006, No. 1.-p. 26.
Analysis of the work of social service institutions
shows that 931 centers have semi-inpatient day care units. Each such department serves on average about 570 people per year.
Social support for older people in difficult life situations is provided through 1,954 emergency social assistance departments.
The most widespread remains social services for elderly citizens at home, which are used by more than 1.2 million people through 12,654 branches. Overall, for every 10,000 pensioners, approximately 291 people are covered by home-based services. The concept of social policy in relation to older people // Social Security, 2006, No. 1.-p. 26.
About 60 thousand seriously ill elderly and disabled people annually receive social and medical care at home through 1009 specialized departments, while its share in the total mass of home services exceeded 9% and is increasing from year to year.
It is obvious that it is necessary to continue the development of a network of non-stationary institutions as more economical and closer to the real needs of the elderly, when everyone has the opportunity to choose for themselves best option social services.
Let us take a closer look at the activities of individual social service centers.
The Home Social Assistance Department was first established in 1987 and immediately received wide recognition from older people. Currently, this is one of the main types of social services, main goal which is to maximally prolong the stay of old people in their usual habitat, support their personal and social status, and protect their rights and legitimate interests.
Basic social services provided at home:
Catering and home delivery of food;
Assistance in purchasing medicines and industrial essential goods;
Assistance in obtaining medical care, accompaniment in medical institution, clinic, hospital;
Maintaining living conditions in accordance with hygienic requirements;
Organization of various social - household services depending on living conditions in a city or village (payment utilities, electricity, communication services; assistance in providing fuel, etc.);
Assistance in the preparation of documents, including for the establishment of guardianship and trusteeship;
Placement in inpatient social service institutions;
Assistance in organizing funeral services and burial of lonely deceased;
In addition to home-based social services provided for by federal and territorial lists of state-guaranteed social services, older people can be provided with additional services on full or partial payment terms.
The department is created to serve at least 120 elderly citizens living in urban areas and at least 60 citizens living in rural areas or the urban sector that does not have public amenities. Uskova N.I. They will feed you, treat you, and restore order.// Sociology, 2001. No. 5. -p.14
A specialized department of social assistance at home is intended for permanent or temporary (up to 6 months) social services and provision of pre-medical care, in home conditions, to elderly citizens and disabled people who have lost the ability to self-care and suffer from diseases that are a contraindication to admission to service department of social assistance at home.
Social services for older people are provided by social workers, and medical services are provided by nurses.
The position of a social worker is based on the calculation that one employee serves 3 pensioners and disabled people living in rural areas or the urban private sector that does not have public amenities, and 10 citizens living in the city.
The departments perform the following tasks:
Identification and registration, together with health authorities and institutions, of citizens in need of specialized care at home;
Providing pensioners with qualified care, social welfare and pre-medical care at home;
Systematic monitoring of health status and implementation of measures aimed at preventing exacerbations of chronic diseases;
Providing psychological assistance to persons served and members of their families;
Training relatives in practical skills of general patient care;
Social and domestic assistance provided by a special home care department is basically the same as the assistance provided by a home care department. TO additional services relate:
Feeding weakened pensioners;
Providing sanitary and hygienic assistance to persons served;
Change of underwear and bed linen;
Carrying out medical procedures, etc. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with older people: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center, 2003. - p.53.
The emergency social assistance service is designed to provide citizens in dire need of social support with emergency one-time assistance aimed at maintaining their livelihoods.
The positions of a social work specialist, social workers, as well as a psychologist and lawyer are being introduced into the emergency social assistance headquarters.
The Social Emergency Assistance Service provides the following social services:
One-time provision of free hot meals or food packages to those in dire need;
Providing clothing, shoes and other essentials;
One-time provision of financial assistance;
Assistance in obtaining temporary housing;
Organization of legal assistance in order to protect the rights of persons served;
Organization of emergency medical and psychological assistance;
Referring citizens to the relevant authorities and services for a qualified and complete resolution of their issues;
Other urgent social services. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with older people: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center, 2003. - p. 59.
The day care department is intended for social, everyday, medical, cultural services for citizens who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement, organizing their meals and recreation, and attracting them to feasible labor activity, maintaining an active lifestyle.
The day care department is semi-stationary, structural unit social service center and is created to serve at least 15 people.
The duration of service by the day care department is determined based on the priority of citizens for service, but not less than 2 weeks.
The day care department, in accordance with the list of state-guaranteed social services, provides social, medical, legal, catering, everyday life and leisure services, as well as assistance in obtaining an education or profession for disabled people in accordance with their physical capabilities and mental abilities. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with older people: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center, 2003. - p. 64.
The day care department is a kind of leisure center for older people, regardless of whether they live in families or are alone.
The main goal of the activity is to help older people overcome loneliness, a secluded lifestyle, fill existence with new meaning, and create an active lifestyle, partially lost due to retirement.
IN Lately In many day care departments, new methods of social work and rehabilitation of older people are actively practiced.
The department of natural assistance and services is intended for the sale of goods and household services at socially low prices.
Its structure usually includes:
A store selling food and consumer goods;
Salon;
Sewing factory;
Services for the elderly and disabled are provided using a pension certificate. The department also participates in the distribution of humanitarian aid through the Red Cross and other types of charitable assistance.
In the structure of the social service center, in addition to those listed, there may be other divisions. The decision to create a particular unit is made by the director of the center in agreement with the department of social protection of the population.
Currently, the need for social services in inpatient settings remains quite high.
In the regions of Russia there are 674 state-owned general boarding houses for the elderly and disabled with 92.8 thousand places and about 528 municipal veterans' houses with about 1.7 thousand places. Elderly citizens suffering from various mental illnesses receive help in 542 psychoneurological boarding schools and 17 nursing homes. The concept of social policy in relation to older people // Social Security, 2006, No. 1.- p. 28.
In stationary social service institutions for elderly citizens, living conditions appropriate for age, state of mental and physical health are created, social, social, labor and medical rehabilitation, leisure and recreation activities are carried out.
Inpatient social service institutions for elderly and elderly people include:
General boarding houses (homes for the elderly);
Boarding house for labor veterans and disabled people, WWII veterans, elderly people of certain professional categories (artists, etc.);
Special houses for single and childless couples with a range of social services;
Specialized homes - boarding schools for former prisoners who have reached old age;
Houses (departments) of mercy;
Temporary residential hospitals;
Homes - boarding schools for psychochronic patients;
Let's take a closer look at the most common type inpatient facility social services - general boarding houses.
Boarding houses are intended for permanent residence of the elderly and disabled, single married couples in need of daily social services for health reasons. consumer services and periodic or ongoing care.
For elderly citizens and disabled people to live in boarding houses, there are usually two sections. This is a department for people capable of partial self-care and movement around the boarding house and the area adjacent to it, and a department for those in need of constant care. Each department must have a set of premises for carrying out social, household, hygienic and therapeutic and preventive measures.
In addition to departments for living in boarding houses, there are public premises: a cinema hall, a library, an assembly hall, a club, a recreation room with a set of required technical means, musical instruments, board games, a dining room with a catering unit, medical offices, occupational therapy workshops, office and utility rooms necessary for the normal functioning of the boarding house.
In accordance with the list of state-guaranteed social services, boarding houses provide following view services:
Catering services, including dietary, household services;
Providing care based on health status;
Qualified medical care, rehabilitation, timely diagnosis of complications and exacerbations of chronic diseases;
Providing psychological assistance;
Organization of the provision of dental, denture and prosthetic and orthopedic care;
Organization of advisory assistance to medical institutions and transfer of elderly residents, if necessary, to the appropriate medical institution;
Organization of cultural and mass work with residents, taking into account their age and health status;
Legal services;
Attracting to rehabilitation measures members of public and religious organizations, charitable societies and associations;
Other social services. Pyatnitsky B.P., Nesterova N.M. and others. Fundamentals of social work with older people: To help the social worker. - Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center. 2003. - With. 72.
If elderly citizens systematically violate the rules of living in general boarding homes, they may be transferred to specialized homes for the elderly.
Specialized homes - boarding schools for the elderly are intended for permanent residence of citizens who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-care and need constant care, from among those released from prison, especially dangerous repeat offenders. Elderly people who have previously been convicted or have been repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for violations are also sent here. public order engaged in vagrancy and begging.
Social services in inpatient settings successfully fulfill its mission if it does not itself contribute to the disruption of habitual social ties and the deepening of social alienation of the individual. The currently predominant multi-occupancy single-type boarding houses should be gradually replaced by hospitals with low capacity.
One of the promising forms of improving the social and living conditions of lonely elderly people, organizing their medical care, recreation and leisure is the creation of special residential buildings for this category of citizens.
In accordance with the example “Regulations on a special home for single elderly people”, approved by the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population on April 7, 1994, these houses are intended for permanent residence of single citizens, as well as married couples who have retained full or partial ability for self-care in everyday life and need to create conditions for self-realization of their basic life needs.
The main goal of creating such houses is to provide favorable living conditions and self-service; Providing social, household and medical assistance to living elderly citizens; creating conditions for an active lifestyle, including feasible work activity.
Special houses can be built either according to a standard design or located in converted separate buildings or parts of a multi-storey building. Special houses consist of one- and two-room apartments and include a range of social services, medical office, library, canteen, ordering points for foodstuffs, handing over laundry to a laundry or dry cleaner, premises for cultural leisure and work activities. They should be equipped with small-scale mechanization to facilitate self-service for elderly residents. At such houses, 24-hour control centers equipped with internal communications are organized.
Medical care for citizens living in special boarding houses is provided by medical personnel of territorial medical and preventive institutions, and the organization of social, everyday, trade and cultural services is carried out by the relevant territorial bodies and services.
The priority right to provide housing in a special house is enjoyed by single disabled people and participants of the Great Patriotic War. Patriotic War and persons equated to them.
Special houses are usually classified as social housing funds, are state property and are under the operational management of the fund social support population.
The main sources of financing for special houses are budgetary allocations, as well as income from the sale of housing transferred to the fund by the residents of the special house, and the fund’s income from business activities.
When single citizens move into a special house, the safety of the living space, transferred to the social support fund for the population, is ensured for 6 months from the date of check-in. Size compensation payments is 10% of the cost of housing according to BTI estimates.
The possibility of privatizing residential premises in a special house is excluded. In the event of the departure of one of the family members living in a two-room apartment, the fund has the right, with the consent of the remaining family member, to replace the space they occupy with a smaller one, or to move into the vacant space, in compliance with the relevant rules and regulations.
Thus, various social service institutions occupy an important place in the system of social protection of elderly and old people.
In the field of social services for elderly and old people, the fundamental documents regulating social labor rights people are federal laws“On the basics of social services for the population in Russian Federation", "On social services for elderly and disabled citizens", "On veterans", which came into force in 1995.
Moreover, we can say that the activities of these institutions actively shape not only the attitude towards older people in society, but also the position of older people: their views on themselves, their place and role in social organization.
According to these laws, the basic principles of activity in the field of social services for old people are as follows:
Respect for human and civil rights;
Providing state guarantees;
Ensuring equal opportunities in receiving social services and their accessibility for older people;
Continuity of all types of social services;
Orientation of social services to individual needs;
Priority of measures for social adaptation of older citizens.
Semi-stationary social services are accepted for elderly and disabled citizens in need who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement and who do not have medical contraindications for enrollment in social services provided for in part four of Article 15 of this Federal Law.
The decision to enroll in semi-stationary social services is made by the head of a social service institution on the basis of a personal written application from an elderly or disabled citizen and a certificate from a health care institution about his state of health.
Semi-stationary social services are provided by day (night) departments created in municipal social service centers or under social protection authorities.
Order of the Ministry of Social Protection of the Russian Federation dated January 25, 1994 N 10 approved the Temporary Regulations on the Night Stay Home. Article 20. Inpatient social services
Inpatient social services are aimed at providing comprehensive social and everyday assistance to elderly citizens and disabled people who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-care and who, for health reasons, need constant care and supervision.
Inpatient social services include measures to create living conditions for elderly citizens and people with disabilities that are most adequate to their age and health status, rehabilitation measures of a medical, social and medical-labor nature, provision of care and medical assistance, organization of their rest and leisure.
Inpatient social services for elderly and disabled citizens are provided in inpatient social service institutions (departments) profiled in accordance with their age, health and social status.
It is not permitted to place disabled children with physical disabilities in inpatient social service institutions intended for the residence of children with mental disorders.
Elderly citizens and disabled people who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-care and need constant outside care, from among particularly dangerous repeat offenders released from prison and other persons for whom administrative supervision is established in accordance with current legislation, as well as elderly citizens and disabled people who have previously been convicted or have been repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for violating public order, engaged in vagrancy and begging, who are sent from institutions of the internal affairs bodies, in the absence of medical contraindications and at their personal request, are accepted for social services in special inpatient social service institutions on the basis decisions of local governments.
Elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary social service institutions and constantly violating the procedure for living in them established by the Regulations on the social service institution may, at their request or by a court decision adopted on the basis of a proposal from the administration of these institutions, be transferred to special stationary social service institutions. service.
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