So, social services. Let's figure out what this concept includes. As a rule, mutually beneficial relationships arise when the existing demand for certain goods or services meets a supply that fully satisfies with its qualities those who have somehow realized and formulated a certain need. This is how relationships are built in all spheres, including social ones. Note that the demand for social services arises from the most vulnerable people: elderly people, disabled people and children from disadvantaged families. Let us consider in detail one of the types of social relationships - semi-stationary social services.
Parties of the relationship
Any contractual relationship involves at least two parties who agree on the rights and obligations in relation to each other.
In the Russian Federation, the right to social services, including semi-stationary social services, can be used by both citizens of the Russian Federation and foreigners, as well as persons who do not have citizenship, but are registered with permanent residence in Russia. And this is one side.
On the other side are those bodies and organizations whose scope of activity is the provision of necessary services. Let's present them in descending order of authority:
- organ executive power federal level: its function is legislative;
- state bodies of regional importance: their function is executive and control of the social sphere of the region;
- social service institutions reporting to federal executive authorities;
- social service institutions accountable to government agencies regional significance;
- institutions providing social services on a non-state basis: both commercial and non-commercial;
- private entrepreneurs providing social services to the population.
Basic principles
All bodies and institutions related to social sphere, including the provision of stationary and semi-stationary social services, are guided in their work by certain principles.
Let's list the main ones:
1. Humane treatment of persons on inpatient care, including:
- a ban on the use of any medicinal influence on them for the purpose of influencing behavior;
- inadmissibility of the use of force or coercive isolation.
Identification of the listed actions on the part of institutional staff entails administrative and criminal liability.
2. Social services are provided to persons in need solely on a voluntary basis. If desired, a person receiving social services may refuse them at any time.
3. All details of a confidential nature, as well as the personal data of the person applying for the provision social services that have become known to social sector specialists are not subject to disclosure. Liability for violation of this principle is also provided for by law.
4. Any citizen in need of social services should have the opportunity to receive it. The entire range of established social services must be available to anyone who needs them.
5. Social protection authorities carry out systematic work aimed at creating and updating a database of people who, due to life circumstances, need social support. Lists of such people are also provided educational institutions, Department of Internal Affairs, medical institutions.
Payment for services
Social services are provided by organizations whose functions include stationary and semi-stationary social services to the population, both free of charge and on a paid basis. The amount of partial or full payment is established by executive authorities at the federal level of the Russian Federation. The list of services provided is compiled on the basis of the demand of those categories of the population to whom these services are provided. Services provided free of charge are financed from the regional budget.
The quality of social services, as well as their regularity, are determined state standard.
The state is interested both in maintaining the usual quality of life and in increasing it for those categories of the population that are recognized as in need of social services.
Definition of social service
The concept of social service refers exclusively to the social sphere. This is an activity carried out constantly, periodically or once with the aim of improving the quality of life of the person seeking help.
There are three types of social assistance, we list them:
1. Stationary, i.e. on permanent basis: provides for the accommodation of elderly citizens and disabled people in boarding homes, as well as accommodation together with the educational process for children in boarding homes.
2. Semi-stationary, i.e. with limited duration of stay:
- stay in day and night institutions - for the elderly and disabled;
- for minors who have lost their parents or removed from dysfunctional families - accommodation in children's centers.
3. Home service: both on a regular basis and one-time.
Thus, semi-stationary social service institutions are considered to be those institutions in which stay for needy categories of the population is limited to a certain period established by law.
List of social services
Social services can be provided to certain categories of the population on a long-term and regular basis or on a one-time basis.
It should be noted that the provision of social services for a long period is provided mainly for stationary and semi-stationary forms of social services. A citizen, being in social institution, receives the following services on a regular basis:
- Social amenities, providing a standard level household comfort.
- Social and medical, providing medical checkup, carrying out therapeutic measures, including physical therapy, and, if necessary, carrying out medical procedures.
- Socio-psychological, aimed at stabilizing the psychological state of the recipient of social services, his socialization. If necessary, anonymous psychological work via a helpline.
- Social and pedagogical - provided both taking into account existing behavioral deviations among recipients of social services, and for preventive purposes, which requires a revision of the value system and, as a consequence, the formation of interests that contribute to development. Pedagogical assistance is also provided to parents in raising children.
- Social and labor - are provided to a citizen who is experiencing difficulties with employment, as well as with the arrangement of life associated with the inclusion of a work schedule.
- Socio-legal - provided in order to improve legal literacy for certain categories of the population who need to defend their rights and interests. Providing legal advice may be free, but this does not apply to representing a citizen’s interests in court.
- Services aimed at developing the communication skills of a person with a disability due to the loss of limbs, vision and other organs intended for full communication.
This also applies to disabled children.
Urgent services
Let's consider a situation where you, being a single or disabled pensioner or disabled person, are faced with a problem for which you need outside help. Your financial resources are not great, so you are not able to pay for the necessary services at commercial prices. In this case, information about urgent social assistance may be useful to you. It is provided by emergency social assistance departments at state budgetary institutions social services for the population. Such institutions exist in all regions of the Russian Federation.
So, how can they be useful to you?
Let's start with the fact that such institutions operate warehouses for free clothing and shoes. These clothes are brought as charity by people who, for some reason, do not use them. Clothes, both winter and summer, are accepted only in good condition, clean and ironed. Sometimes entrepreneurs bring new clothes and shoes. The warehouse also contains children's toys, children's furniture, strollers and walkers. However, these items do not stay in stock. Before the new school year, large quantities are received for storage. school supplies, uniforms and briefcases.
- You can receive the necessary clothing in the form of free urgent social assistance at the warehouse, pick up shoes and other items that you need from the above list.
- If for any reason you need temporary housing, then by contacting the social security department, you can get the opportunity to live in a semi-permanent social service institution.
- U you have legal difficulties, but you do not have the funds to pay for a lawyer. In the form of urgent social assistance, you may be provided with free legal advice.
- If a situation involving a high level of stress has occurred in your life, and you were unable to overcome it on your own, then you can seek psychological help from the emergency social services department. This assistance will be provided to you free of charge by a psychologist of the institution, and, if necessary, by a clergyman who interacts with this institution.
- If it is difficult for you to carry out minor cosmetic repairs on your own, then social workers from emergency social service departments will help you solve this problem. But these services will be paid. However, the prices for such work are quite affordable.
- If you are disabled and find it difficult to use services public transport, but there is a need to travel, for example, to a place of treatment, then in social service institutions there is an urgent transport service. It is also paid: you pay the cost of gasoline and the driver’s work.
- Nice appearance should be at any age. But if it is not possible to get to the nearest hairdresser, or its services are expensive, then you can make a request to call a hairdresser from an emergency social service department. This service is also paid, however, its price is an order of magnitude lower than the commercial one.
Note: To receive urgent services, you only need to fill out an application at the emergency social services department. The provision of semi-stationary social services, just like stationary ones, is associated with the procedure for obtaining the appropriate package of documents.
Who is eligible?
Not every citizen of the Russian Federation has the right to the existing range of social services, but only those who have been recognized by a special commission as needing the provision of social services. It is this citizen of the Russian Federation who will be considered a recipient of social services.
In each region of the country there is a Ministry of Labor and Social Development, and it is at its level that decisions on a citizen’s need for social services are approved.
This occurs under the following circumstances:
- a citizen cannot or is unable to properly continue to care for himself independently due to illness, age-related changes, injury or recognition as disabled;
- a citizen cannot provide adequate permanent care for a disabled child or an adult recognized as disabled due to the fact that he is forced to work;
- the family includes children or one child who need socialization; minors may also be wards;
- family members do not have the opportunity to provide both permanent and temporary care for minors, disabled people, disabled children, including due to the lack of care for these family members;
- the family includes antisocial persons with established alcohol, drug or gaming addictions, as well as those with mental disabilities or signs of domestic violence;
- a citizen under 23 years of age was left without permanent residence upon leaving an institution for minors left without parents due to the death of the latter or due to the deprivation of parental rights;
- the citizen is unemployed and deprived of a means of subsistence;
- other circumstances provided for by regional legislation or federal laws.
Main document
So, if a citizen belongs to one of the categories listed above, he has the right to social services, both on a permanent and short-term basis. However, this does not mean that a social service institution can begin to provide social services to a citizen.
The registration procedure begins with a citizen’s application submitted to the territorial institution of social services for the population. After which, representatives of this institution go to the citizen’s place of residence to draw up an inspection report on material and living conditions, as well as an examination of his physical and mental conditions, which are also reflected in the corresponding act.
These documents are the starting point for the formation of an “Individual program for the provision of social services.” This package of documents will reflect the types of semi-stationary social services and other clauses of the contract.
It should be remembered that only certain categories of persons can apply for the provision of social services. We have listed them above.
Where does this happen?
Those who apply for the provision of social services on a regular basis should know what their receipt will actually involve.
Semi-stationary social services are provided by specialists and special employees of territorial integrated social service centers, which organize day and (or) night departments for those in need. These departments are supervised by social protection authorities.
You will, of course, remember that there is a specific time period during which you can be a “resident” of a semi-inpatient social care unit. There is no talk of lifelong residence there.
The provision of semi-stationary social services can be either free for you (for certain types of services) or paid. The amount of payment for social services is related to per capita financing established in each region of the Russian Federation. Per capita financing depends on the cost of living established in the region of your residence.
How will they help you?
As part of semi-stationary social services for senior citizens and disabled people, you can count on the following services:
- You will be provided with hot meals; bedding was offered, a bed was allocated in a room with sanitary and hygienic conditions that meet the standards for these institutions; you will have free access to printed materials of various types, as well as board games appropriate for your age group.
- Social and medical services: you will be provided with both medical and psychological assistance within the limits of your needs; including, you can count on sanitary and hygienic services, various types of health and rehabilitation procedures.
- Semi-stationary social services for disabled people include, in particular, medical rehabilitation procedures in accordance with the “Individual Rehabilitation Program for a Disabled Person”. This assistance is difficult to overestimate, since not every citizen with a disability can afford daily rehabilitation activities at the base medical institutions especially considering their remoteness.
- Within the framework of semi-stationary social services for the elderly and disabled, it is provided not only to increase your educational level, but also to receive new profession. You will be able to gain practical skills in your chosen profession, and with the help of psychological support it will be easier for you to gain confidence in new circumstances and in a new status for you.
- Beneficiaries of social services generally need legal assistance. And legal advice is provided to them free of charge.
As you can see, the organization of semi-stationary social services provides all types of necessary assistance to both elderly citizens and people with disabilities to constructively change the quality of their lives. And the time frame provided for staying in this institution is quite enough for the effect of your stay to be maximum. The main thing is to understand why you are here.
Rights and obligations
So, in order for a citizen to become a recipient of social services for a certain period, an “Individual program for the provision of social services” is filled out, which sets out the procedure for providing semi-stationary social services.
You have read the list of services above. From them you can select those that are necessary, their quantity per week, clarify the conditions and terms of their provision. In this document you can see a list of all social service providers available in your area of residence.
After the final review of this document, the person puts his signature, which will confirm agreement with the conditions specified in the Program.
However, you need to know that if you want to change the quantity or terms of provision of the social services you have chosen, you can always do this.
However, the social service provider does not have the right to change the procedure for semi-stationary social services and the types of services.
Home delivery
Branches of comprehensive social service centers can provide social services to citizens in need “with home delivery.”
Semi-stationary social services at home are provided to recipients of social services either for a certain period of time (up to six months) or indefinitely.
Peculiarities:
- This type of service can be chosen by those pensioners or disabled people who need outside help only in some areas, but in general they can cope with household chores quite well. Such recipients of social services may have certain difficulties with self-care, so they, in need of help from social workers and social work specialists, choose a set general services(complex).
- Also, social and medical services can be provided at home, provided that there is a social and medical department as part of a comprehensive center for social services for the population. This is due to the fact that persons old age and disabled people who need this type of service may have diseases that specifically require Social worker With medical education. These are diseases such as: mental disorders, but in remission; tuberculosis in closed form; oncology in the last stage.
- The legislation provides for circumstances and diseases in which the provision of social and medical services is impossible. A document confirming the presence of this disease is signed by a representative of the social protection department and the VKK of the medical institution.
As for other social services provided at home, they are listed above, in the chapter “How they can help you.” However, the presence or absence of staffing a comprehensive center for social services for professionals competent in these areas.
Stationary social services are carried out in stationary institutions (boarding houses for the elderly and disabled, boarding schools for the disabled, neuropsychiatric boarding schools, etc.)
Elderly citizens and disabled people who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and who, for health reasons, are in need of constant extraneous care and supervision, are sent to these institutions. In addition, a network of specialized institutions for disabled children has been created.
In recent years, nursing homes have become widespread, the content of which is on a paid basis at the expense of the elderly themselves or the enterprises in which they worked.
Citizens of retirement age (women from 55 years old, men from 60 years old), as well as disabled people of groups I and II over 18 years old, are admitted to boarding schools, provided that they do not have able-bodied children or parents legally obliged to support them.
Boarding houses for the disabled accept only disabled people of groups I and II aged 18 to 40 who do not have able-bodied children and parents who are legally required to support them.
The psycho-neurological boarding school accepts persons suffering from chronic mental illness, who need care, personal services and medical care, regardless of whether they have relatives who are required by law to support them or not.
Inpatient institutions provide not only care and necessary medical assistance, but also rehabilitation measures of a medical, social and therapeutic-labor nature.
Elderly citizens and disabled people living in inpatient social service institutions are provided with:
1. materially domestic services(providing living space, organizing rehabilitation measures, therapeutic labor activity, cultural consumer services);
2. catering, everyday life, and leisure services (hot meals, including dietary, provision of clothing, shoes, bedding, creation of conditions for religious ceremonies, etc.);
3. socio-medical and sanitary-hygienic services (free medical care, provision of care, assistance in conducting medical and social examinations, rehabilitation activities, assistance in hospitalization, assistance in prosthetics, ensuring sanitary and hygienic conditions in the premises);
4. organization of education for disabled people, taking into account their physical capabilities and mental abilities;
5. services related to social and labor rehabilitation (creating conditions for the use of residual labor opportunities);
6. legal services;
7. assistance in organizing funeral services.
Citizens living in inpatient social service institutions also have the right to be exempt from punishment. Any punishment of elderly citizens and people with disabilities or the creation of amenities for the staff of these institutions, the use of medicines, means of physical restraint, as well as the isolation of elderly citizens and people with disabilities are not allowed. The law provides for disciplinary administrative or criminal liability for persons guilty of violating this norm.
An application for admission to a boarding home, along with a medical card, is submitted to a higher-level organization social security, which issues a ticket to the boarding house. If a person is incapacitated, then his placement in a stationary institution is carried out on the basis of a written application from his legal representative.
If necessary, with the permission of the director of the boarding home, a pensioner or disabled person may temporarily leave the social service institution for a period of up to one month. A permit for temporary departure is issued taking into account a doctor’s opinion, as well as a written commitment from relatives or other persons to provide care for an elderly or disabled person.
The law provides for the right of citizens staying in inpatient social service institutions to refuse the services of these institutions, but provided that they have relatives who can support them and provide the necessary care.
Persons staying in boarding homes for the elderly and general disabled who systematically and grossly violate internal regulations may be transferred to special boarding homes (special departments) by a court decision made on the basis of a proposal from the administration of these institutions. They are created mainly for the elderly and disabled people who have previously been convicted or have been repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for violations public order vagrancy and begging, sent from internal affairs agencies. In addition, citizens in need of constant care, particularly dangerous repeat offenders released from prison, and other persons subject to administrative supervision are also sent to them.
For persons without a fixed place of residence among the elderly and disabled, specialized institutions are created (social shelters, social hotels, social adaptation centers, etc.), which provide a temporary place of stay (including medical care, food, overnight accommodation) and carry out social adaptation activities persons who have lost socially useful connections (primarily persons released from prison) to living conditions in society.
Social service institutions provide assistance not only to elderly citizens and the disabled, but also to orphans, and are also actively working to solve the problems of child neglect, the prevention of crime among teenagers, “social orphans,” and social assistance to persons without a fixed place of residence.
The children's boarding home accepts children from 4 to 18 years old with mental or physical development abnormalities. At the same time, it is not allowed to place disabled children with physical disabilities in inpatient institutions intended for the residence of children with mental disorders.
One of the types of social services for disabled people and the elderly are semi-inpatient facilities created in municipal social service centers or under social protection authorities.
In the day (night) departments, social, medical and cultural services are provided to elderly citizens and the disabled.
Semi-stationary social services are provided for elderly and disabled people who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement and do not have medical contraindications to enrollment in such social services, as well as children who find themselves in difficult life situations.
In these institutions there are the following types services:
1 organization of catering, everyday life and leisure (providing hot meals, providing bedding, provision of books, magazines, newspapers);
2 social and medical services (assistance in obtaining medical and psychological assistance, provision of sanitary and hygienic services, organization of medical and recreational activities, assistance in conducting rehabilitation programs for the disabled, assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium treatment, assistance in prosthetics, etc.) d.);
3 assistance in obtaining education and vocational training;
4 assistance in employment;
5 assistance in organizing legal services;
6 assistance in organizing funeral services.
For persons without a fixed place of residence and occupation, the system of social protection authorities creates special institutions of a semi-permanent type - night houses, social shelters, social hotels, social adaptation centers. These institutions provide:
2 coupons for one-time (once a day) free food;
3 first aid;
4 personal hygiene items, sanitary treatment;
6 assistance in providing prosthetics;
7 registration in a boarding house;
8 assistance in registration and recalculation of pensions;
9 assistance in employment, in the preparation of identity documents;
10 assistance in obtaining a medical insurance policy;
11 provision of various assistance (consultations on legal matters, household services, etc.).
Semi-stationary social services include social, medical and cultural support for people with disabilities, organizing their meals, recreation, ensuring their participation in feasible work activities and maintaining their active lifestyle. This form of social service promotes the rehabilitation of disabled people who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement and have no medical contraindications for enrollment.
In accordance with the National Standard Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007 semi-stationary social service institutions include: social rehabilitation center for elderly citizens and disabled people; day care center for elderly and disabled citizens. Let us dwell in more detail on the characteristics of their activities. A social rehabilitation center for elderly citizens and disabled people is being created to carry out health and social rehabilitation activities with disabled people who have retained the ability to self-care or have partially lost it. In the conditions of the social rehabilitation center, the initial reception of disabled people and placement are organized taking into account their age, gender, health status, existing diseases, and ability to self-care; the social services they need are provided.
Unlike the previous institution, the day care center for elderly citizens and disabled people organizes its work for disabled people who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement. The main tasks in the implementation of semi-stationary social services for disabled people in the center are: providing them with social, everyday, cultural services, providing them with medical care, organizing meals and recreation, maintaining an active lifestyle for disabled people.
Urgent social services are provided for the purpose of providing urgent, one-time emergency assistance to people with disabilities who are in dire need of social support, and includes the following social services: one-time provision of free hot meals or food packages; clothing, shoes and other essential items; one-time provision of financial assistance. Social work specialists assist people with disabilities in obtaining temporary housing; organize legal assistance in order to protect the rights of persons served and emergency medical and psychological assistance with the involvement of psychologists and clergy for this work and the allocation of additional telephone numbers for these purposes. Emergency social services departments offer rentals of specialized equipment for the disabled and devices for caring for seriously ill patients. In accordance with the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007, emergency assistance to disabled people is provided at the emergency social service center. In the comprehensive center for social services for the population, there is an emergency social services department, in which the work of an apartment repair service for citizens with disabilities can be organized, and a rental point can be opened technical means rehabilitation for the disabled, etc.
Rehabilitation equipment (crutches, walkers, canes, wheelchairs, etc.) are provided to clients in accordance with the developed tariffs, and low-income citizens with disabilities use the rental free of charge.
Complex social service institutions designed to provide assistance to families, disabled people and other categories of clients who find themselves in difficult life situations include a comprehensive social service center for the population. The center may include the following: structural units providing social services to citizens with disabilities: consultation department, rehabilitation of children with mental and physical disabilities, home care, day care for elderly and disabled citizens, etc.
For example, in government agency"Comprehensive Center for Social Services of the Population" Znamensk, Astrakhan region A school for parents of disabled children “Help Your Child” has been opened. Experts conduct workshops and seminars where fathers, mothers, grandparents learn how to organize play and educational activities child with disabilities. Children and parents spend their leisure time together in the rehabilitation department of the comprehensive center for social services to the population, namely, they participate in sports relay races, show master classes in arts and crafts, and regularly organize exhibitions children's creativity and family excellence.
Coordination activities for the provision of social services to disabled people are carried out by the center for social services for elderly citizens and disabled people. The structure of this institution includes the following departments: social services at home, day care, social rehabilitation, urgent social services, social canteen, specialized department of social and medical services.
One of the main forms of social services aimed at prolonging the stay of disabled people in their usual social environment (family, neighbors, etc.) and in order to maintain their social status is social services at home. According to the National Standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007, institutions for social services for the disabled at home include: a center for social services at home for elderly and disabled citizens and a specialized center for social and medical services for elderly and disabled citizens at home. Home-based social services provided to people with disabilities include: organizing their meals, including home delivery of food; assistance in purchasing medicines, food and industrial goods of prime necessity. A social worker assists a disabled person in obtaining medical care, including accompanying him to medical institutions. Specialists from social service institutions for disabled people at home help maintain the client’s living conditions in accordance with hygienic requirements, assist in organizing for citizens with disabilities legal assistance and other legal services. Social services for disabled people at home can be provided by one social worker, a social worker and nurse, as well as a team of specialists, which includes a psychologist, a lawyer, a hairdresser, and a repair specialist household appliances, social worker, etc.
Specialists from social service departments at home organize charity events aimed at including high school students in providing assistance to people with disabilities. Schoolchildren visit a disabled citizen at home, congratulate him on his birthday, and provide all possible assistance in improving the client’s life (washing dishes, taking out the trash, etc.).
In the practice of social service departments at home, there is cooperation with the Russian Orthodox Church. Church representatives, at the request of clients, visit them at home, talk with disabled people, and provide them with psychological assistance.
In order to more effectively provide social services to people with disabilities at their place of residence, social service institutions cooperate with territorial public self-government. Territorial public self-government (TPS) is the self-organization of citizens at their place of residence in part of the city territory for the independent and responsible implementation of initiatives on issues of local importance. This association is a form of implementation by the population local government in the city and is designed to promote the realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens, their independence in resolving issues of city development.
The main forms of social work with people with disabilities at their place of residence are: targeted financial assistance, organizing club associations for people with disabilities, holding holidays for people with disabilities, conducting free legal consultations for citizens with disabilities, holding sporting events among disabled people of various age groups, etc.
As part of public self-government, social advisory centers for helping people with disabilities are opening (Blagoveshchensk). This form of social work in the community contributes to the development of a system of social services for people with disabilities. Social advisory centers are geographically close to the population, which makes it possible to ensure real accessibility of social services to all those in need. Here, club associations have been created and operate to organize leisure and employment for disabled people. Specialists at social advisory centers provide citizens with disabilities at their place of residence not only with targeted social support (shoes, clothing, money) but also with legal services, help them get a job, and organize their vacation.
Thus, the main forms of social services for people with disabilities include semi-stationary, urgent social services, and social services at home. This allows a disabled person to maintain his usual living conditions (his home, comfort, friends and acquaintances), and prolong his ability to be a more independent, self-sufficient and active member of society. One of the new forms of social work with people with disabilities at their place of residence is the implementation in territorial public self-governments of consulting citizens with disabilities, where they are helped to organize their leisure time with the help of interest clubs, lawyers and psychologists are invited to provide the necessary information.
Questions for self-control
1. List the main forms of social services for people with disabilities.
2. Describe the semi-stationary form of social services for people with disabilities.
3. Explain the features of social work with people with disabilities at the place of residence.
National standard of the Russian Federation GOST 52880-2007. Social services for the population. Types of social service institutions for elderly citizens and disabled people. // Social services. – 2009. – No. 2
Nikonov L.S., Chetverikov M.N. Targeted social protection: Experience municipalities– M., 2003.
Kholostova E.I. Social work with disabled people: Tutorial. – 3rd ed. – M., 2009.
Day (night) departments are a form of semi-stationary social service and play an important role in providing effective social support for older people. They are created on the basis of municipal social service centers or under the social protection authorities.
Day care departments are designed for everyday, medical, cultural services for older people, organizing their recreation, attracting them to feasible work, and maintaining an active lifestyle.
Branches are created to serve at least 30 people. They enroll older people and disabled people who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement. The decision to enroll is made by the head of a social service institution on the basis of a personal written application from an elderly or disabled citizen and a certificate from a health care institution about his state of health.
The day care department provides the following types of services:
organization of catering, everyday life and leisure (providing hot meals, provision of books, magazines, newspapers);
social and medical services (assistance in obtaining medical and psychological assistance, provision of sanitary and hygienic services, organization of medical and recreational activities, assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium and resort treatment);
assistance in organizing legal services;
assistance in organizing funeral services.
The emerging trend towards a reduction in the services of inpatient institutions is associated with an increase in the scale of provision of outpatient care to disabled people and the elderly living in ordinary home conditions, non-stationary institutions social services. The latter are represented by social assistance departments at home (including at boarding homes, territorial centers, social protection departments), territorial social service centers and territorial social assistance services (as a rule, on the basis of territorial centers and social assistance departments at home district (city) departments (departments) of social protection of the population).
Social assistance departments at home provide the minimum necessary range of services for the delivery of food, medicine, firewood (coal), payment of housing and communal services and other expenses.
IN Lately this organizational form is complemented by another, caused by the transition to a market economy, when a significant part of the elderly and disabled people found themselves on the brink of poverty, having lost their means of livelihood, in an extreme life situation. This is an emergency social assistance service. The main types of services of the emergency social assistance service include: provision of food, medicine, clothing, temporary housing, provision of emergency psychological assistance, assistance in identifying disabled people in boarding homes and hospitals, provision of services of hairdressers, repairmen of electrical household appliances, active cooperation with government, public, religious organizations, charitable foundations, media, authorities government controlled and other institutions to take measures to resolve acute life situations.
The need for the functioning of emergency social assistance services is undeniable, since they develop and complement the services of social assistance departments at home and, most importantly, allow disabled people who are beyond poverty to maintain their existence.
Semi-stationary forms of social services include territorial centers, the advantage of which is the possibility of combining medical and social services for people with disabilities. Territorial social service centers also make it possible to organize meals and create conditions for communication between disabled and elderly people. The latter is an important factor for maintaining the moral tone of people living outside the family.
Initially, the creation of territorial centers was envisaged mainly together with inpatient departments, where conditions were created for temporary stay (5-10 days) of IWs in fairly comfortable conditions and preventive treatment (physiotherapy, phototherapy, massage, psychological relief). However, the creation of territorial centers with inpatient care requires additional conditions and, accordingly, more significant costs, for which local social protection authorities do not always have the necessary financial resources.
Territorial social service centers have large reserves to meet the needs of people with disabilities. According to the management of the centers, more than 5% of those served are willing to pay for additional (beyond those provided free of charge) services. But only a few territorial centers and social assistance departments provide paid services at the request of disabled people, and the range of services as a whole is limited to a general set: cooking, washing dishes, delivering clothes to the laundry, washing clothes at home, providing bath services, cleaning the apartment, washing windows, buying groceries, medicines, manufactured goods, walking the dog, etc. .d.
The semi-stationary form of social services in Volgograd is represented by: the Day Care Center for Pensioners and Disabled People, the Center for Social Assistance for Families Raising Disabled Children in the Dzerzhinsky District and the City Center for Social Assistance in the Kirovsky District.
The day care center for pensioners and disabled people, designed for 30 places, is intended for social, medical, cultural services for pensioners and disabled people, organizing their meals, recreation, maintaining an active lifestyle, and attracting them to work. Elderly citizens are accepted for service at the Center: men over 60 years old, women over 55 years old, disabled people of groups I and II for a period of two weeks, who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement.
The Center for Social Assistance for Families Raising Disabled Children of the Dzerzhinsky District was created in 1995. The purpose of the Center is to promote the realization of the right of families and children to protection and assistance from the state, to promote the development and strengthening of the family as social institution, improving socio-economic living conditions, indicators of social health and well-being of families and children, humanizing the family’s connection with society and the state, establishing harmonious intra-family relationships: organizing communication and leisure for children: teaching self-service skills, everyday adaptation, providing advisory assistance.
The City Center for Social Assistance in the Kirovsky District was created in order to protect persons who find themselves in extreme conditions without a specific place of residence and occupation, in a crisis life situation and implementation of rehabilitation measures.
In the issue of developing the principles of the relationship between paid and free services, it is necessary to take a targeted and individual approach. Satisfying a client's specific needs for a reasonable fee should be in addition to meeting his general needs free of charge. The rationale for this approach is confirmed by the experience of foreign social service systems, in particular Finland, where they strive to provide the client with services that promote (stimulate) his independence and serve as a prerequisite for a good moral and psychological state.
In order to further improve the system of social services and in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Social Protection of Russia dated July 20, 1993. social service centers are created, which are institutions for social protection of the population, carrying out organizational and practical activities to provide various types social assistance to elderly citizens, disabled people and other groups of the population in need of social support. The structure of the center provides for various social service units, including a day care department for the elderly and disabled, social assistance at home, emergency social assistance services and others.
To the main tasks of the social service center in joint activities with state and public organizations (health authorities, education, migration services, committees of the Red Cross Society, veterans' organizations, societies for the disabled, etc.) include:
- - identification of the elderly, disabled and other persons in need of social support;
- - determination of specific types and forms of assistance to persons in need of social support;
- - differentiated accounting of all persons in need of social support, depending on the types and forms required and the frequency of its provision;
- - provision of social services of a one-time or permanent nature to persons in need of social support;
- -analysis of the level of social services for the population of the city, region, development long-term plans development of this area of social support for the population, introduction into practice of new types and forms of assistance depending on the nature of the needs of citizens and local conditions;
- - involvement of various state and non-state structures in resolving issues of providing social assistance to needy segments of the population and coordinating their activities in this direction.
- d) Inpatient social services are aimed at providing comprehensive social assistance to persons who, for health reasons, require constant care and supervision. State inpatient social service institutions include boarding homes for the elderly and disabled, the regulations of which were approved by order of the Ministry of Social Affairs of the RSFSR dated December 27, 1978. In accordance with this order, a “boarding home” is a medical and social institution intended for the permanent residence of elderly and disabled people in need of care, household and medical services. In the boarding home, for the implementation of therapeutic-labor and activating therapy, medical-industrial (labor) workshops are created, and in the boarding home located in rural areas, in addition - a subsidiary farm with the necessary tools, equipment and transport.
Other institutions of this type also include a psychoneurological boarding school, defined as a medical and social institution intended for permanent residence of elderly and disabled people suffering from chronic mental illnesses and in need of care, household and medical services.
Residential institutions for the elderly accept citizens of retirement age who do not have able-bodied children who are required by law to support them. On a first-priority basis, disabled people and WWII participants, family members of deceased servicemen, as well as deceased disabled people and war participants are admitted to boarding homes.
One of the indispensable conditions for admission is voluntariness, therefore paperwork is processed only if there is a written application from the citizen. An application for admission to a boarding home with a medical card is submitted to a higher social security organization, which issues a voucher to the boarding home. If a person is incapacitated, then his placement in a stationary institution is carried out on the basis of a written application from his legal representative. The law provides for the right of citizens staying in inpatient social service institutions to refuse services, but provided that they have relatives who can support them and provide the necessary care.
Persons staying in general boarding houses who systematically and grossly violate the internal regulations there may be transferred to special boarding houses by a court decision made on the basis of a proposal from the administration. They are created mainly for elderly and disabled people with previous convictions, vagrancy, sent from institutions of internal affairs bodies and other persons for whom administrative supervision is established in the manner established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 1995 “On the development of a network of specialized boarding houses for the elderly and disabled."
The functioning of boarding homes as one of the main forms of social services for the elderly is associated with a number of serious problems. Among them: the degree of satisfaction of needs in boarding homes, the quality of service in them, the creation of accompanying conditions for living, etc. On the one hand, in a number of territories of the Russian Federation there is a queue of elderly citizens wishing to enter inpatient social service institutions, on the other hand, elderly People are increasingly showing a desire to live in their familiar home environment. The stationary form of social services is presented in Volgograd by the Traktorozavodsky Center for Social Services for Pensioners and Disabled People. The department with a hospital is intended for medical, cultural, consumer services, attraction to feasible work, and maintaining an active lifestyle.
Currently, inpatient facilities are mainly admitted to people who have completely lost the ability to move and require constant care, as well as those who do not have housing. An alternative to boarding homes in the near future may be special residential buildings for the elderly ( approximate position on a special home for single elderly people, approved by the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population on April 7, 1994), which, despite some shortcomings, still have a number of important advantages.
Today, a significant part of social service centers are multidisciplinary institutions that are able to provide elderly and disabled people with a variety of types and forms of services, including social and medical, social and shopping. The priority direction is the development of models of non-stationary social services (social service centers, social assistance departments at home), which make it possible to maximize the stay of older people in their usual habitat and maintain their personal and social status.
Thus, the main technologies currently are state technologies for social protection of older people - pensions, social services, social assistance. However, the priority direction of social work with older people is the organization of the living environment of aging people, carried out in such a way that an elderly person always has the opportunity to choose ways to interact with this environment, because older people are not the object of activity of various social services, but a decision-making subject. Freedom of choice creates a feeling of security, confidence in tomorrow. This implies the need for alternative technologies for social work with older people. Among which we can highlight charitable assistance, club work, self-help and mutual aid groups.
The main tasks of a specialist in working with older people:
identification and registration of lonely elderly and disabled citizens in need of home care;
establishing and maintaining communication with labor collective, where war and labor veterans and disabled people worked;
establishing contacts with committees of the Red Cross Society, Councils of War and Labor Veterans, public organizations, and foundations.
elderly social services provision
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