Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of stations and networks. PTE of power stations and networks. Water regime for power plants

The main regulatory document regulating the reliable, coordinated and most economically efficient operation of energy facilities is the PTE of power plants and networks. They spell out all the nuances that apply to the organizational and technical tasks that arise in the process of construction, launch and operation of energy structures.

Operation of power plants and networks

In the rules technical operation power stations and networks (pteess) one of the provisions addresses issues such as:

commissioning and acceptance of newly built installations and structures;
basic requests for service personnel;
creation of control over the efficiency of processes;
technical control over the operation of electrical installations and power plants;
repair, maintenance and modernization of equipment;
maintenance of technical documentation;
ACS devices (automatic control systems).

The set of rules also includes a unified regulation for the production of measurements throughout the entire energy system of Russia.

Rules for acceptance into operation of facilities and equipment

Attention! The rules of this section considered in the ptess include tasks for newly built or technically re-equipped structures and equipment.

Before talking about acceptance, you need to know what a launch complex (energy facility) is.

Important! In the process of construction or re-equipment, intermediate tests are necessarily carried out, both assemblies and hidden works.

Verification of compliance with PTE 2003 is obligatory before working tests.

All detected imperfections, defects in installation or construction, identified during the inspection, are subject to elimination before the start of comprehensive testing.

For your information. Normal uninterrupted operation of the main equipment for 72 hours with a load equal to the nominal one is considered to be a comprehensive test. For power lines (TL), the time interval is 24 hours.

Rules requirements for personnel

When completing brigades of repair, maintenance and operational dispatch personnel, a number of requirements are observed.

Necessarily. In case of violations of these Rules, each employee is obliged to inform his immediate supervisor about this and try to eliminate the violations on his own. The study and observance of safety regulations are the responsibility of the employee.

Ways to control the efficiency of energy facilities

In order to control the productivity of power plants (thermal or hydro), developed energy parameters operate. Graphs, tables and applications contain the dependence of thermal and electrical loads on economic and technical indicators equipment operation. They can be supplemented by schedules of consumption rates of raw materials (water or fuel) necessary to generate the supplied energy.

Information. The need to develop such characteristics for regional boiler houses and low-power power plants is established by the regional joint-stock company - Energo.

Technical supervision of the operation of energy facilities

Technical supervision for inspections, technical surveys and surveys is fixed by the relevant orders for the enterprise.

Important! The Commission shall assess the condition and outline measures to maintain and ensure the approved resource of the facility.

Modernization, repair and maintenance (TO)

Due to wear and tear during the operation of buildings, structures and electrical equipment, the problem of repair and replacement of obsolete components arises. Due to the specifics of the work of the energy production, unplanned or emergency downtime (with a complete or partial loss of power) causes great damage to consumers.

Attention! Unexpected shutdown of failed equipment leads to its damage. In addition, an emergency situation can threaten the life and health of personnel servicing the system.

In order to prevent this from happening, the following should be planned:

modernization - replacement of obsolete equipment with new, more modern;
scheduled repairs: capital (has the goal of restoring the full working life of the installation with the replacement of basic units) and current (supporting the operation of the installation in the specified parameters with the replacement of wearing parts);
maintenance - work not related to the withdrawal for repair (bypasses, inspections, lubrication, detection of deviations from the norm, replacement of consumables).

A separate section in the Rules considers the reconstruction of objects, which entails:

increase in power;
reduction of labor costs;
reduction in material consumption.

The reconstruction leads to an improvement in production indicators and a reduction in the cost of electricity.

Technical documentation of the power facility

Each enterprise in the energy industry should have a set of documentation.

In addition, there must be fire fighting and evacuation plans approved by the fire authorities.

Automated control systems (ACS)

Allows you to control the operation of systems in automatic mode. A properly organized and implemented system makes it possible to optimize the number of staff and exercise control over the quality and operation of the facility.

Important! The implemented automated control system must be adaptively flexible to subsequent upgrades and various changes conditions of use.

Unity of measurements

All measurements carried out in the energy sector must comply with the accuracy standards allowed in Russia and be expressed in units used in the Russian Federation. This is necessary so that all the results obtained are comparable, regardless of the time, place and measurement methods used.

Territory of power plants, requirements

When arranging the territory, pay attention to the following points:

implementation of surface water diversions;
installation of noise absorbing devices;
organization of engineering structures: gas pipelines, sewerage, heating mains, water conduits, etc.;
execution of transport infrastructure: roads, entrances to fire reservoirs, pedestrian paths, bridges, etc.;
arrangement of wells to control the level of groundwater;
protection of the territory and arrangement of checkpoints (checkpoints).

Landscaping and landscaping are also included in a number of requirements.

Hydraulic structures of power plants

PTE RF imposes requirements on the reliability and safe operation of hydraulic structures. This is facilitated by drainage and impervious devices and mechanisms. The rules focus on service:

dams and dams;
drainage systems;
berms and ditches.

Their long-term work is ensured by the conditions:

protection from external influences;
periodic condition monitoring.

All the nuances associated with a safe state are transferred in writing to the supervisory structures.

Equipment for hydraulic structures

Gate hardware mechanisms are maintained in working order. During examinations (every 60 months), focus on the following points:

the presence of a marker for the maximum opening height;
absence of mechanical obstacles at the time of work;
absence of vibrations, mechanical deformations, precise shrinkage on the threshold.

Ropes, alarms, grounding and wires are checked once every 12 months.

Water regime for power plants

Once every 10 years, the rules for the water regime of HPPs are reviewed. There are two types of modes: working and special. The operating mode allows you to use the water resource to ensure the optimal load of the station.

A special regime - before the spring flood, it includes:

maximum (by level) filling;
dumping excess water volume, with the ability to skip ice and sediment;
the ability to maintain the normal functioning of irrigation and navigation.

IN special treatment there is an additional control of water discharge in order to ensure the safe operation of hydraulic structures.

Hydraulic structures in winter

Before the winter cold, they check the work of the sludge collectors and clean the sedimentation tanks for it. If hydraulic structures are not designed for ice pressure, then a polynya is made in front of them. All winter it is cleared of ice.

For your information. Winter measurement of T0C of water is carried out daily to determine the moment when heating for gratings is turned on. When the ice has not yet risen, the sludge can be passed through turbines or sludge vents.

Power plant reservoir requirements

The rules describe in detail all the requirements for the storage of water for hydroelectric power plants. The main activities include:

allocation of a buffer zone in which water use is limited;
cleaning the reservoir from silt and thickets;
protection of the coastline and its constant monitoring;
laboratory sampling of water for analysis of its quality;
control of water temperature and ice condition in winter.

The rules oblige to carry out environmental protection measures within the boundaries of the buffer zone.

Hydro turbine plants

These Rules regulate the uninterrupted operation of hydraulic turbines for a rated load. At the same time, the efficiency (efficiency factor) is above the average level. If necessary, the installation must immediately switch to the maximum load mode. This is provided by a number of conditions:

absolute automation of all HPP units;
the possibility of stable operation with 100% open shutters;
the synchronous compensatory mode of the hydraulic unit, if necessary, must immediately switch to the generator mode.

Attention! With three or more hydraulic units, GRAM (active power group control) is installed.

Service water supply of power plants

Cooling towers are used to cool and distribute the water used. The walls of the devices have an anti-corrosion coating, which is cleaned once every two years from deposits. Sheet waterproofing is restored as needed.

Fuel and transport economy of power plants

Network railway transport supplying fuel railway directly to the territory of the HPP, should work without interruption. The unloading process is fully mechanized. Pteesis RF prescribe:

control over the quality of raw materials;
timely delivery to the station;
maintenance of cleanliness of the territories adjacent to unloading.

Control equipment (scales, measuring instruments) must be calibrated and checked.

Fuel for a power facility

According to the type of fuel supplied to the power plant for operation, it is divided into the following types:

hard;
liquid;
gaseous.

Solid fuel at unloading sites during the cold period is thawed and loosened. According to the rules, this is done according to the regime map. Periodic sampling and testing of mechanisms are regulated.

Liquid fuel is drained through a closed fuel line, filtered and fed continuously. It is instructed to pay attention to the following questions:

serviceability of devices;
allowable temperature range of fuel;
viscosity;
pressure;
the presence of a passport for the pipeline.

Fuel intake for storage should take place from the upper layers of the contents of the tank. The frequency of monitoring the quality of stock held can be developed locally.

Gaseous fuel is supplied to the burners of the units through a gas pipeline. All features of organization and service gas facilities detailed in the Rules.

Power plants and networks, electrical equipment

Section PTE SO 153-34.20.501-2003 considers:

generators and synchronous compensators;
electric motors;
power transformers;
reactors;
voltage distribution devices.

The requirements for the technical operation of each item are considered from the point of view of safe, reliable and long-term operation.

Requirements for power cable lines

Ptess, as a manual for maintenance and repair, provides for the following requirements:

care of power overhead and underground cable lines: power lines, contact networks of the subway and railway, etc.;
provision of climate control in cable channels;
maintenance of cable routes;
control over current loading and temperature of heating veins.

Carefully! For cables with a service life of more than 15 years, the current overload is permissible no higher than 10%. Overcurrent for paper-insulated cables operating at a voltage of 35 kV is unacceptable.

Compliance with Rules SO 153-34.20.501-2003 regulates all types of maintenance, repair and operation of energy facilities. Deviation from the norms and recommendations entails emergencies, downtime of equipment, threatens the health and life of service personnel.

Video

REGULATIONS
technical operation of consumer electrical installations

Section 1. Organization of operation of electrical installations.

Chapter 1.1

General requirements

1.1.1. The rules are intended to ensure the reliable, safe and rational operation of electrical installations and their maintenance in good condition.

1.1.2. The rules apply to organizations, regardless of ownership and organizational and legal forms, individual entrepreneurs and citizens - owners of electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V (hereinafter referred to as Consumers). They include requirements for consumers operating existing electrical installations with voltage up to 220 kV inclusive. The rules do not apply to electrical installations of power stations, block stations, electric and heat network enterprises operated in accordance with the rules for the technical operation of power stations and networks.

1.1.3. Investigation and accounting of violations in the operation of electrical installations of Consumers are carried out in accordance with established requirements.

1.1.4. Investigation of accidents related to the operation of electrical installations and occurred at facilities controlled by state energy supervision is carried out in accordance with applicable law.

1.1.5. The operation of electrical equipment, including household electrical appliances subject to mandatory certification, is allowed only if there is a certificate of conformity for this electrical equipment and household electrical appliances.

Chapter 1.2

Obligations, responsibility of consumers for compliance with the rules

1.2.1. The operation of electrical installations of Consumers must be carried out by trained electrical personnel.

Depending on the volume and complexity of work on the operation of electrical installations, Consumers create an energy service staffed with the appropriate qualification electrical personnel. It is allowed to operate electrical installations under an agreement with a specialized organization.

1.2.2. The consumer is obliged to provide:

timely and quality Maintenance, preventive maintenance, testing, modernization and reconstruction of electrical installations and electrical equipment;

selection of electrical and electrotechnological personnel, periodic medical examinations employees, conducting briefings on labor safety, fire safety;

training and testing the knowledge of electrical and electrotechnological personnel;

reliability and safety of operation of electrical installations;

labor protection of electrotechnical and electrotechnological personnel;

security environment during the operation of electrical installations;

accounting, analysis and investigation of violations in the operation of electrical installations, accidents associated with the operation of electrical installations, and taking measures to eliminate the causes of their occurrence;

submission of reports to the state energy supervision authorities about accidents, fatal, severe and group accidents related to the operation of electrical installations;

development of official production instructions and labor protection instructions for electrical personnel;

completion of electrical installations with protective equipment, fire extinguishing equipment and tools;

accounting, rational spending electrical energy and implementation of energy saving measures;

carrying out the necessary tests of electrical equipment, operation of lightning protection devices, measuring instruments and metering devices for electric energy;

compliance with the instructions of the state energy supervision bodies.

1.2.3. To directly fulfill the obligations for organizing the operation of electrical installations, the head of the Consumer (except for citizens - owners of electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V) appoints the person responsible for the organization's electrical facilities (hereinafter referred to as the person responsible for electrical facilities) and his deputy with the appropriate document.

For Consumers whose installed capacity of electrical installations does not exceed 10 kVA, an employee replacing the person responsible for electrical facilities may not be appointed.

The person responsible for the electrical facilities and his deputy are appointed from among the managers and specialists of the Consumer.

If the Consumer has the position of chief power engineer, the duties of the person responsible for the electrical facilities, as a rule, are assigned to him.

1.2.4. For Consumers who are not engaged in production activities, whose electrical facilities include only an input (input-distribution) device, lighting installations, portable electrical equipment with a rated voltage of not more than 380 V, a person responsible for electrical facilities may not be appointed. In this case, the head of the Consumer may assume responsibility for the safe operation of electrical installations upon written agreement with the local state energy supervision authority by issuing an appropriate statement of obligation (Appendix No. 1 to these Rules) without testing knowledge.

1.2.5. Individual entrepreneurs those performing maintenance and operation of electrical installations, carrying out installation, adjustment, repair work, testing and measurement under the contract, must undergo a knowledge test in the prescribed manner and have an appropriate electrical safety group.

1.2.6. Responsible for electrical facilities is obliged to:

organize the development and maintenance of the necessary documentation on the organization of the operation of electrical installations;

organize training, instruction, knowledge testing and admission to independent work of electrical personnel;

organize the safe conduct of all types of work in electrical installations, including with the participation of seconded personnel;

ensure timely and high-quality performance of maintenance, scheduled preventive repairs and preventive testing of electrical installations;

organize the calculation of the Consumer's need for electrical energy and monitor its consumption;

participate in the development and implementation of measures for the rational consumption of electrical energy;

control the availability, timeliness of inspections and tests of protective equipment in electrical installations, fire extinguishing equipment and tools;

ensure the established procedure for admission to operation and connection of new and reconstructed electrical installations;

organize operational maintenance of electrical installations and liquidation of emergencies;

ensure the compliance of power supply schemes with the actual operational ones with a mark on them about the check (at least 1 time in 2 years); revision of instructions and schemes (at least once every 3 years); control of measurements of indicators of the quality of electric energy (at least 1 time in 2 years); advanced training of electrical personnel (at least once every 5 years);

control the correctness of the admission of personnel of construction and installation and specialized organizations to work in existing electrical installations and in the security zone of power lines.

The instructions of the person responsible for electrical facilities should additionally indicate his rights and responsibilities.

1.2.7. The appointment of a person responsible for the electrical economy and his deputy is made after checking the knowledge and assigning the appropriate electrical safety group:

V - in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V;

IV - in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V.

1.2.8. On the proposal of the person responsible for the electrical facilities, the head of the Consumer may appoint structural divisions (branches) responsible for the electrical facilities.

The relationship and distribution of responsibilities between the structural divisions responsible for the electrical economy and the Consumer responsible for the electrical economy should be reflected in their job descriptions.

1.2.9. For violations in the operation of electrical installations, the following persons are personally liable:

the head of the Consumer and those responsible for electrical facilities - for failure to comply with the requirements provided for by the Rules and job descriptions;

employees directly servicing electrical installations - for violations that occurred through their fault, as well as for the incorrect elimination of violations in the operation of electrical installations in the serviced area;

workers carrying out equipment repairs - for violations in work caused by poor quality repair;

managers and specialists of the energy service - for violations in the operation of electrical installations that occurred through their fault, as well as due to untimely and unsatisfactory maintenance and failure to comply with emergency measures;

heads and specialists of technological services - for violations in the operation of electrical equipment.

1.2.10. Violation of these Rules entails liability in accordance with applicable law.

Each employee who has discovered a violation of these Rules, as well as noticed a malfunction of the electrical installation or protective equipment, must immediately report this to his immediate supervisor, and in his absence - to a higher manager.

1.2.11. State supervision over compliance with the requirements of these Rules is carried out by state energy supervision bodies.

Chapter 1.3

Commissioning of electrical installations

1.3.1. New or reconstructed electrical installations and start-up complexes must be put into operation in the manner set forth in these Rules and other regulatory documents.

1.3.2. Prior to the installation or reconstruction of electrical installations, it is necessary:

receive specifications in the power supply organization;

complete project documentation;

coordinate the project documentation with the energy supply organization that issued the technical specifications and the state energy supervision authority.

1.3.3. Before acceptance into operation of electrical installations, the following must be carried out:

during the period of construction and installation of a power facility - intermediate acceptance of units of equipment and structures, including hidden works;

acceptance tests of equipment and commissioning tests of individual systems of electrical installations;

complex testing of equipment.

1.3.4. Acceptance testing of equipment and commissioning tests of individual systems should be carried out according to design schemes by the contractor (general contractor) with the involvement of the customer's personnel after completion of all construction and installation work for the electrical installation to be handed over, and a comprehensive testing must be carried out by the customer.

1.3.5. Before acceptance and commissioning tests and complex testing of equipment, compliance with these Rules, rules for the installation of electrical installations, building codes and rules must be checked, state standards, labor safety rules, explosion and fire safety rules, manufacturer's instructions, equipment installation instructions.

1.3.6. For commissioning and testing of electrical equipment, it is allowed to turn on electrical installations according to the design scheme on the basis of a temporary permit issued by state energy supervision authorities.

1.3.7. During complex testing of equipment, the operability of equipment and technological schemes, the safety of their operation should be checked; all monitoring and control systems, protection and interlock devices, alarm devices and instrumentation were checked and adjusted. Comprehensive testing is considered to be carried out under the condition of normal and continuous operation of the main and auxiliary equipment for 72 hours, and power lines - for 24 hours.

1.3.8. Defects and imperfections made during construction and installation, as well as equipment defects identified in the process of acceptance and commissioning tests, comprehensive testing of electrical installations, must be eliminated. Acceptance for operation of electrical installations with defects and imperfections is not allowed.

1.3.9. Before testing and acceptance, the conditions for reliable and safe operation of the power facility must be prepared:

staffed, trained (with a knowledge test) electrical and electrical personnel;

operating instructions, labor protection instructions and operational schemes, technical documentation for accounting and reporting were developed and approved;

prepared and tested protective equipment, tools, spare parts and materials;

means of communication, signaling and fire extinguishing, emergency lighting and ventilation were put into operation.

1.3.10. Before admission to operation, electrical installations must be accepted by the Consumer (customer) in the prescribed manner.

1.3.11. Voltage is supplied to electrical installations only after obtaining permission from the state energy supervision authorities and on the basis of an electricity supply agreement between the Consumer and the energy supply organization.

Chapter 1.4

Staff requirements and training

1.4.1. The operation of electrical installations must be carried out by trained electrical personnel.

The electrical personnel of enterprises is divided into:

administrative and technical;

operational*;
_______________

repair;

operational repair *.
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* In the future, operational and operational-repair personnel, if separation is not required, are referred to as operational personnel.

1.4.2. In accordance with the organization of the energy service adopted by the Consumer, electrical personnel may be directly part of the energy service or be on the staff of the Consumer's production units (structural unit). In the latter case, the energy service provides technical guidance to the electrical personnel of production and structural divisions and control over their work.

1.4.3. Maintenance of electrical installations (electric welding, electrolysis, electrothermal, etc.), as well as complex energy-saturated production and technological equipment, the operation of which requires constant maintenance and adjustment of electrical equipment, electric drives, manual electrical machines, portable and mobile electrical receivers, portable power tools, must be carried out by electrotechnological personnel. He must have sufficient skills and knowledge to safely perform the work and maintenance of the installation assigned to him.

Electrotechnological personnel production shops and sites that are not part of the Consumer's energy service, which operates electrical installations and has an electrical safety group II and above, in its rights and obligations is equated to electrical engineering; in technically it is subordinate to the energy service of the Consumer.

Managers who are directly subordinate to electrotechnological personnel must have an electrical safety group no lower than that of subordinate personnel. They must provide technical guidance and supervision to these personnel.

The list of positions and professions of electrotechnical* and electrotechnological personnel who need to have an appropriate electrical safety group is approved by the head of the Consumer.
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* In what follows, electrotechnical personnel is also understood as electrotechnological personnel, if separation is not required.

The Customer's manager, chief engineer, technical director does not need to assign an electrical safety group. However, if these employees previously had an electrical safety group and want to confirm (increase) it or receive it for the first time, then the knowledge test is carried out in the usual way as for electrical personnel.

1.4.4. Non-electrotechnical personnel performing work in which there may be a danger of electric shock are assigned group I for electrical safety. The list of positions and professions that require assignment to the personnel of Group I for electrical safety is determined by the head of the Consumer. Personnel who have learned the requirements for electrical safety related to their production activities are assigned group I with registration in the journal of the established form; no certificate is issued.

Assignment of group I is made by conducting a briefing, which, as a rule, should be completed with a knowledge test in the form of an oral questioning and (if necessary) testing the acquired skills in safe ways of working or first aid in case of electric shock. The assignment of group I for electrical safety is carried out by an employee from among the electrical personnel of this Consumer with an electrical safety group of at least III.

Assignment of group I for electrical safety is carried out at least once a year.

1.4.5. Mandatory forms of work with various categories of employees*:
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* Rules for working with personnel in power industry organizations Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russia dated February 19, 2000 N 49, registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on March 16, 2000, registration number 2150.

1.4.5.1. With administrative and technical staff:

introductory and target (if necessary) briefings on labor protection;

With administrative and technical personnel having the rights of operational, operational and repair or repair personnel, in addition to specified forms all types of training provided for operational, operational-repair or repair personnel should be carried out.

1.4.5.2. With operational and operational-repair personnel:

checking knowledge of the rules, labor protection standards, these Rules, fire safety rules and other regulatory documents;

duplication;

special training;

control emergency and fire fighting drills;

professional additional education for continuous professional development.

1.4.5.3. With maintenance staff:

introductory, primary at the workplace, repeated, unscheduled and targeted briefings on labor protection, as well as briefing on fire safety;

preparation for new position or occupations with on-the-job training (internships);

checking knowledge of the rules, labor protection standards, these Rules, fire safety rules and other regulatory documents;

professional additional education for continuous professional development.

1.4.6. Conducting safety briefings may be combined with fire safety briefings.

1.4.7. Workers hired to perform work in electrical installations must have professional training appropriate to the nature of the work. In the absence of professional training, such workers must be trained (before admission to independent work) in specialized personnel training centers (training complexes, training centers, etc.).

1.4.8. Electrical personnel before being appointed to independent work or when transferring to another job (position) related to the operation of electrical installations, as well as during a break in work as electrical personnel for more than 1 year, must undergo an internship (industrial training) at the workplace.

For training, the employee must be given a period sufficient to familiarize himself with the equipment, apparatus, operational schemes and simultaneously study in the volume necessary for this position (profession):

rules for the installation of electrical installations, safety rules, rules and techniques for providing first aid in case of accidents at work, rules for the use and testing of protective equipment, these Rules;

job and production instructions;

labor protection instructions;

other rules, regulatory and operational documents in force for this Consumer.

1.4.9. Training programs for electrical personnel, indicating the necessary sections of the rules and instructions, are drawn up by the heads (responsible for electrical facilities) of structural divisions and can be approved by the Consumer responsible for electrical facilities.

The training program for heads of operational personnel, employees from among operational, operational-repair and repair personnel should provide for internships and knowledge testing, and for heads of operational personnel, employees from among operational, operational-repair personnel, also duplication.

1.4.10. An employee undergoing an internship (duplication) must be assigned an appropriate document to an experienced employee in an organization (for managers and specialists) or in a structural unit (for workers).

1.4.11. The internship is conducted under the guidance of a responsible training employee and is carried out according to programs developed for each position (workplace) and approved in the prescribed manner. The duration of the internship should be from 2 to 14 shifts.

1.4.12. The head of the Consumer or structural subdivision may exempt from the internship an employee who has at least 3 years of experience in the specialty, moving from one workshop to another, if the nature of his work and the type of equipment on which he worked earlier does not change.

Admission to the internship is issued by the relevant document of the head of the Consumer or structural unit. The document indicates the calendar terms of the internship and the names of the employees responsible for its implementation.

The duration of the internship is set individually depending on the level vocational education, work experience, profession (position) of the student.

1.4.13. During the internship, the employee must:

Learn the requirements of the rules of operation, labor protection, fire safety and their practical use at work;

To study schemes, production instructions and labor protection instructions, knowledge of which is mandatory for work in this position (profession);

Work out a clear orientation in your workplace;

Acquire the necessary practical skills in performing production operations;

To study the methods and conditions for trouble-free, safe and economical operation of the serviced equipment.

1.4.14. Access to duplication for operational personnel and independent work for administrative, technical and maintenance personnel is issued by the relevant document for the Consumer.

After duplication, an employee from among the operational or operational-repair personnel may be allowed to work independently. Duration of duplication - from 2 to 12 work shifts. For a particular employee, it is established by the decision of the knowledge testing commission, depending on the level of his professional training, length of service and work experience.

Admission to independent work for operational personnel is issued by the relevant document of the head of the Consumer.

1.4.15. During the period of duplication, the employee must take part in control emergency and fire drills with an assessment of the results and registration in the relevant journals.

The number of trainings and their topics are determined by the program for the preparation of an understudy.

1.4.16. If during the duplication period the employee did not acquire sufficient production skills or received an unsatisfactory assessment in emergency response training, it is allowed to extend his duplication for a period of 2 to 12 work shifts and conduct additional emergency control drills. The extension of duplication is formalized by the relevant document of the Consumer.

1.4.17. If during the period of duplication the professional unsuitability of an employee for this activity is established, he is removed from training.

1.4.18. During the passage of duplication, the trainee can perform operational switching, inspections and other work in electrical installations only with the permission and under the supervision of the trainee. Responsibility for the correctness of the trainee's actions and compliance with the rules is borne by both the trainee himself and the employee who trains him.

1.4.19. Checking the knowledge of employees is divided into primary and periodic (regular and extraordinary).

The primary knowledge test is carried out for employees who first entered the work related to the maintenance of electrical installations, or when there is a break in the knowledge test for more than 3 years; next - in the manner prescribed in paragraph 1.4.20; and extraordinary - in the manner prescribed in paragraph 1.4.23.

1.4.20. The next inspection should be carried out within the following timeframes:

For electrical personnel directly organizing and carrying out maintenance work on existing electrical installations or performing adjustment, electrical installation, repair work or preventive tests in them, as well as for personnel entitled to issue orders, orders, conduct operational negotiations - 1 time per year;

For administrative and technical personnel not belonging to the previous group, as well as for labor protection specialists admitted to inspect electrical installations - 1 time in 3 years.

1.4.21. The time of the next check is set according to the date of the last knowledge check.

1.4.22. Employees who received an unsatisfactory assessment during the next knowledge test, the commission appoints a re-test no later than 1 month from the date of the last test. The validity period of the certificate for an employee who has received an unsatisfactory grade is automatically extended until the deadline set by the commission for the second check, if there is no special decision of the commission recorded in the knowledge test log on the temporary suspension of the employee from work in electrical installations.

1.4.23. An extraordinary knowledge test is carried out regardless of the period of the previous test:

When the Consumer enters into force new or revised rules and regulations;

When installing new equipment, reconstructing or changing the main electrical and technological schemes (the need for an extraordinary check in this case is determined by the technical manager);

When appointed or transferred to another job, if new duties require additional knowledge of the rules and regulations;

In case of violation by employees of the requirements of normative acts on labor protection;

At the request of state supervisory authorities;

According to the conclusion of the commissions investigating accidents with people or violations in the operation of the energy facility;

When increasing knowledge to a higher group;

When testing knowledge after receiving an unsatisfactory grade;

When there is a break in work in this position for more than 6 months.

1.4.24. The scope of knowledge for an extraordinary check and the date of its conduct is determined by the Consumer responsible for the electrical equipment, taking into account the requirements of these Rules.

1.4.25. An extraordinary inspection, carried out at the request of the state supervision and control bodies, as well as after accidents, incidents and accidents that have occurred, does not cancel the terms of the next scheduled inspection and can be carried out at the commission of the state energy supervision bodies.

1.4.26. In the event of amendments and additions to the current rules, an extraordinary inspection is not carried out, and they are brought to the attention of employees with registration in the briefing log at the workplace.

1.4.27. Checking knowledge of the norms and rules of work in electrical installations of Consumers should be carried out according to the calendar schedules approved by the Consumer's manager.

Employees subject to knowledge testing should be familiar with the schedule.

1.4.28. Checking the knowledge of the Consumers responsible for the electrical economy, their deputies, as well as labor protection specialists whose duties include monitoring electrical installations, is carried out in the commission of the state energy supervision bodies.

1.4.29. It is allowed not to carry out, in agreement with the state energy supervision authorities, a knowledge test of a specialist hired part-time in order to impose on him the duties of a person responsible for electrical facilities, while the following conditions are met:

if no more than 6 months have passed since the knowledge test in the commission of state energy supervision as administrative and technical personnel for the main work;

the energy intensity of electrical installations, their complexity in the organization in combination is not higher than in the place of the main work;

there are no electrical installations with a voltage higher than 1000 V in the organization concurrently.

1.4.30. To conduct a knowledge test of the electrical and technological personnel of the organization, the head of the Consumer must appoint a commission of at least five people by order for the organization.

The chairman of the commission must have an electrical safety group V for Consumers with electrical installations with voltages up to and above 1000 V and group IV for Consumers with electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V only. As a rule, the person responsible for the electrical equipment of the Consumer is appointed as the chairman of the commission.

1.4.31. All members of the commission must have an electrical safety group and pass a knowledge test in the commission of the state energy supervision body.

It is allowed to check the knowledge of individual members of the commission on the spot, provided that the chairman and at least two members of the commission have passed the knowledge test in the commission of the state energy supervision bodies.

1.4.32. In structural divisions, the head of the Consumer may create commissions to test the knowledge of employees of structural divisions.

Members of the commissions of structural divisions must pass a test of knowledge of the rules and regulations in the central commission of the Consumer.

1.4.33. When conducting the knowledge test procedure, at least three members of the commission must be present, including the chairman (deputy chairman) of the commission.

1.4.34. Testing the knowledge of employees of Consumers, the number of which does not allow the formation of commissions for testing knowledge, should be carried out in the commissions of the state energy supervision bodies.

1.4.35. Commissions of state energy supervision bodies for testing knowledge can be created at specialized educational institutions (institutes for advanced training, training centers, etc.). They are appointed by order (instruction) of the head of the state energy supervision body. Members of the commission must pass a knowledge test in the state energy supervision body that issued permission to create this commission. A senior state inspector (state inspector) for energy supervision is appointed as the chairman of the commission.

1.4.36. Representatives of state supervision and control bodies, upon their decision, may take part in the work of commissions for testing knowledge at all levels.

1.4.37. Each employee's knowledge is checked individually.

For each position (profession), the head of the Consumer or structural unit must determine the scope of testing knowledge of the rules and regulations, taking into account official duties and the nature of the production activity of the employee in the relevant position (profession), as well as the requirements of those regulatory documents, the provision and observance of which is part of his official duties.

1.4.38. Based on the results of testing knowledge of the rules for the installation of electrical installations, these Rules, safety rules and other regulatory and technical documents, an electrical safety group is established for electrical (electrotechnological) personnel.

1.4.39. The results of the knowledge test are recorded in the journal of the established form and signed by all members of the commission. If the knowledge test of several employees was carried out on the same day and the composition of the commission did not change, then the members of the commission can sign 1 time after the end of work; at the same time, the total number of employees whose knowledge was tested should be indicated in words.

Personnel who successfully passed the knowledge test are issued a certificate of the established form.

1.4.40. It is allowed to use control and training machines based on personal electronic computers (PC) for all types of verification, except for the primary one; however, the entry in the knowledge check log is not cancelled.

At the same time, the developed program should provide the possibility of using it in the training mode.

1.4.41. In the case of using a PC and receiving an unsatisfactory grade in the protocol of the auto-examiner and disagreement of the examinee, the commission sets additional questions. The final score is determined by the results of the commission's survey.

1.4.42. A labor protection specialist, whose duties include the inspection of electrical installations, who has passed the knowledge test in the scope of the IV group on electrical safety, is issued a certificate for the right to inspect the electrical installations of his Consumer.

1.4.43. Consumers should carry out systematic work with electrical personnel aimed at improving their qualifications, the level of knowledge of the rules and instructions for labor protection, studying best practices and safe methods of servicing electrical installations, preventing accidents and injuries.

The volume of organized technical training, the need for emergency response training is determined by the technical manager of the Consumer.

Chapter 1.5

Electrical management

General provisions

1.5.1. The electrical management system of the consumer of electrical energy is integral part energy management, integrated into the Consumer's management system as a whole, and should provide:

operational development of the consumer's power supply scheme to meet its needs for electricity;

efficient operation of electrical facilities by improving energy production and implementing energy saving measures;

improving the reliability, safety and trouble-free operation of equipment;

update of the main production assets through technical re-equipment and reconstruction of electrical facilities, modernization of equipment;

introduction and development of new equipment, technology of operation and repair, effective and safe methods of organizing production and labor;

staff development, dissemination of advanced labor methods and economic knowledge, development of rationalization and invention;

operational dispatch control of electrical facilities, including own sources of electrical energy, agreed with the energy supply organization;

control over technical condition own electrical installations and operation of own sources of electrical energy operating autonomously (not being block stations);

control over the organization's compliance with the operating modes and energy consumption limits set by the energy supplying organization.

1.5.2. The Consumer should organize an analysis of the technical and economic indicators of the operation of the electrical facilities and its structural divisions to assess the state of individual elements and the entire power supply system, their operating modes, compliance with the normalized and actual indicators of the operation of the electrical facilities, the effectiveness of ongoing organizational and technical measures.

1.5.3. Based on the analysis, measures should be developed and implemented to improve the reliability, efficiency and safety of power supply to the organization and its structural divisions.

1.5.4. The Consumer should develop and operate a system for stimulating the work of personnel to improve the efficiency of the electrical facilities, including a system for training and retraining personnel.

1.5.5. The results of the work of the shift, section, workshop and the entire electrical facilities should be periodically reviewed with the staff in order to analyze and eliminate the shortcomings of its work.

1.5.6. In the electrical facilities of the Consumer and its structural subdivisions, accounting of equipment performance indicators (shift, daily, monthly, quarterly, annual) should be organized in accordance with established forms to control its efficiency and reliability, based on the readings of control and measuring equipment, test results, measurements and calculations.

1.5.7. The heads of the Consumer, services, workshops must ensure the reliability of the readings of control and measuring instruments and systems, correct setting accounting and reporting in accordance with the current NTD.

operational management

1.5.8. Consumers that have their own sources of electrical energy or have independent electrical network enterprises in their power supply system must organize operational dispatch control of electrical equipment, the tasks of which are:

development and maintenance of the required mode of operation;

production of switching starts and stops;

localization of accidents and restoration of the operating mode;

planning and preparation of schemes and equipment for the production of repair work in electrical installations;

fulfillment of requirements for the quality of electrical energy;

ensuring the efficiency of the operation of electrical equipment and the rational use of energy resources, subject to consumption modes;

prevention and elimination of accidents and failures in the production, conversion, transmission, distribution and consumption of electrical energy.

Organization dispatch control at Consumers should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the current rules, while the Consumers included in the register of energy supply organizations carry out their activities in accordance with the rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks.

1.5.9. The system of operational management of electrical facilities, the organizational structure and form of operational management, as well as the type of operational maintenance of electrical installations, the number of employees from the operational personnel in a shift is determined by the head of the Consumer and documented.

1.5.10. Operational management should be organized according to a hierarchical structure, providing for the distribution of operational control and management functions between levels, as well as the subordination of lower levels of management to higher ones.

For Consumers of electrical energy, the higher level of operational management is the dispatch services of the relevant energy supply organizations.

1.5.11. For each operational level, two categories of equipment and facilities management should be established - operational management and operational maintenance.

1.5.12. The operational management of a senior employee from among the operational personnel should include equipment, power lines, current ducts, relay protection devices, equipment for the emergency and regime automation system, dispatching and technological management, operations with which require coordination of actions of subordinate operational personnel and coordinated changes in regimes at several facilities.

Operations with the specified equipment and devices must be carried out under the guidance of a senior worker from among the operational personnel.

1.5.13. The operational control of a senior worker from among the operational personnel should include equipment, power lines, current ducts, relay protection devices, equipment for the emergency and regime automation system, dispatch and technological control facilities, operations with which do not require coordination of the actions of personnel from different energy facilities, but the state and the mode of operation of which affects the mode of operation and reliability of electrical networks, as well as the setting of emergency automatic devices.

Operations with the specified equipment and devices must be carried out with the permission of a senior worker from among the operational personnel.

1.5.14. All power lines, conductors, equipment and devices of the Consumer's power supply system must be distributed according to the levels of operational management.

The lists of power transmission lines, conductors, equipment and devices that are under the operational control or operational management of a senior employee from among the operational personnel of the Consumer must be drawn up taking into account the decisions on the operational management of the energy supply organization, agreed with it and approved by the technical manager of the Consumer.

1.5.15. The relationship between the personnel of various levels of operational management should be regulated by the relevant provisions, contracts and instructions, agreed and approved in the prescribed manner.

1.5.16. Operational control should be carried out from the control panel or from the control room. It is possible to use an electrical room adapted for this purpose.

Control boards (points) must be equipped with communication facilities. It is recommended to record operational conversations on a tape recorder.

1.5.17. On the boards (points) of operational control and in other rooms adapted for this purpose, there should be operational diagrams (layouts) of electrical connections of electrical installations that are in operational control.

All changes in the wiring diagram of electrical installations and relay protection and automation devices (hereinafter referred to as RPA), as well as the places for applying and removing grounding, must be reflected in the operational diagram (layout diagram) after switching.

1.5.18. For each electrical installation, single-line electrical connection diagrams for all voltages under normal operating conditions of the equipment must be drawn up, approved once every 2 years by the Consumer's responsible for the electrical economy.

1.5.19. Each control room, control panel of the Consumer's power supply system and the facility with constant personnel on duty must have local instructions for the prevention and elimination of accidents. These instructions must be coordinated with the superior body of operational dispatch control.

1.5.20. Each Consumer must develop instructions for operational management, operational negotiations and records, operational switching and elimination of emergency modes, taking into account the specifics and structural features of organizations.

1.5.21. Switching in the electrical circuits of switchgear (hereinafter referred to as switchgear) of substations, switchboards and assemblies is carried out by order or with the knowledge of higher operational personnel in whose operational management or jurisdiction this equipment is located, in accordance with the procedure established by the Consumer by oral or telephone order with a record in the operating log.

Operational switching must be performed by an employee from among the operational personnel directly servicing electrical installations.

The switching order must indicate their sequence. The order is considered executed only after receiving a message about it from the employee to whom it was given.

1.5.22. Complex switching, as well as all switching (except for single ones) at electrical installations not equipped with interlocking devices or having faulty interlocking devices, must be carried out according to programs, switching forms.

The complex ones include switching that requires a strict sequence of operations with switching devices, grounding disconnectors and relay protection devices, emergency and regime automation.

1.5.23. Lists of complex switching, approved by technical managers, should be kept at control rooms, central (main) control panels of power plants and substations.

Lists of complex switching should be reviewed when changing the scheme, equipment composition, protection devices and automation.

1.5.24. Complex switching should be performed, as a rule, by two employees, of which one is the supervisor.

If there is one employee from among the operating personnel in the shift, the supervisor can be an employee from the administrative and technical personnel who knows the scheme of this electrical installation, the rules for making switching and is allowed to perform switching.

1.5.25. In case of complex switching, it is allowed to involve a third employee from the personnel of the RPA services for the operation in the relay protection and protection circuits. This employee, having previously read and signed the switching form, must perform each operation at the order of the employee performing the switching.

All other switchings in the presence of a functional blocking device can be performed individually, regardless of the composition of the shift.

1.5.26. In cases of urgency (accident, natural disaster, as well as during the liquidation of accidents), it is allowed, in accordance with local instructions, to perform switching without an order or without the knowledge of higher operational personnel, followed by its notification and entry in the operational log.

1.5.27. The list of employees entitled to perform operational switching is approved by the head of the Consumer.

The list of employees who have the right to conduct operational negotiations is approved by those responsible for the electrical economy and transferred to the energy supply organization and sub-subscribers.

1.5.28. For repetitive complex switching, standard programs, switching forms * should be used.
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* When compiling standard programs and switching forms, it is recommended that energy services use standard instruction on switching in electrical installations, operating in power supply organizations.

When eliminating technological violations or to prevent them, it is allowed to make switching without switching forms, followed by an entry in the operational log.

1.5.29. Switching programs and forms, which are operational documents, must establish the procedure and sequence of operations when switching in electrical wiring diagrams of electrical installations and relay protection and automation circuits.

Switching forms (standard forms) should be used by operational personnel directly performing switching.

1.5.30. Switching programs (standard programs) should be used by the heads of operational personnel when switching in electrical installations of different levels of management and different power facilities.

The degree of detail of programs should correspond to the level of operational management.

Employees who directly perform switching are allowed to use the switching programs of the corresponding dispatcher, supplemented by switching forms.

1.5.31. Typical programs and switching forms should be adjusted when changes are made in the main electrical wiring diagram of electrical installations associated with the commissioning of new equipment, the replacement or partial dismantling of obsolete equipment, the reconstruction of switchgears, as well as when new ones are switched on or changes are made in installed RPA devices.

1.5.32. In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, switching is carried out:

without switching forms - with simple switching and in the presence of active interlocking devices that exclude incorrect operations with disconnectors and grounding knives during all switching;

according to the switching form - in the absence of blocking devices or their malfunction, as well as in case of complex switching.

1.5.33. When eliminating accidents, switching is carried out without forms, followed by an entry in the operational log.

Switching forms must be numbered. Used forms are stored in the prescribed manner.

In electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, switching is carried out without drawing up switching forms, but with an entry in the operational log.

1.5.34. Electrical equipment, disconnected at the oral request of technological personnel for the performance of any work, is switched on only at the request of the employee who submitted the request for disconnection, or replacing him.

Before starting the temporarily disconnected equipment, at the request of the technological personnel, the operational personnel are obliged to inspect the equipment, make sure that it is ready for switching on under voltage and warn the personnel working on it about the upcoming switching on.

The procedure for processing applications for turning off and turning on electrical equipment must be approved by the technical manager of the Consumer.

1.5.35. In electrical installations with constant personnel on duty, the equipment that was under repair or being tested is switched on under voltage only after it has been accepted by the operating personnel.

In electrical installations without permanent personnel on duty, the procedure for accepting equipment after repair or testing is established by local instructions, taking into account the characteristics of the electrical installation and meeting safety requirements.

1.5.36. When switching in electrical installations, the following procedure must be observed.

the employee who received the assignment for switching is obliged to repeat it, write it down in the operational log and establish the order of upcoming operations according to the operational scheme or layout scheme; draw up, if required, a switching form. Negotiations of operational personnel should be as short and clear as possible. The operational language should exclude the possibility of misunderstanding by the personnel of received messages and transmitted orders. The giver and receiver of the order must clearly understand the order of operations:

if switching is performed by two employees, then the one who received the order is obliged to explain the order and sequence of upcoming operations to the second employee participating in the switching according to the operational connection diagram;

if there is any doubt about the correctness of the switching, they should be stopped and the required sequence checked according to the operational wiring diagram;

after the switching task is completed, an entry in the operational log should be made about this.

1.5.37. In case of planned changes in the scheme and modes of operation of the power equipment of Consumers, changes in the relay protection and automation devices, the dispatching services that manage the equipment and relay protection devices must make the necessary changes and additions to the standard programs and switching forms at the appropriate levels of operational management in advance.

1.5.38. Operational personnel directly performing the switching are not allowed to disable the locks without permission.

Unblocking is allowed only after checking on site the disconnected position of the circuit breaker and finding out the reason for the failure of the blocking by permission and under the guidance of employees authorized to do so by a written order of the Consumer responsible for the electrical economy.

If release is necessary, a switchover form is drawn up with the entry of release operations into it.

1.5.39. The switching form is filled in by the duty officer who received the order to carry out the switching. The form is signed by both employees who carried out the switching.

Supervising when performing switching is the senior in position.

Responsibility for the correct switching in all cases lies with both employees who performed the operations.

1.5.40. Switching in complete switchgear (at complete transformer substations), including rolling out and rolling in carts with equipment, as well as switching in switchgear, on panels and assemblies with voltage up to 1000 V, is allowed to be performed by one employee from among the operating personnel servicing these electrical installations.

1.5.41. Switching in electrical equipment and in RPA devices, which are under the operational control of higher operational personnel, must be carried out by order, and those under his authority - with his permission.

In case of fire and emergency response, the operational personnel must act in accordance with local instructions and the operational fire fighting plan.

1.5.42. The order on switching should indicate the sequence of operations in the electrical installation diagram and relay protection circuits with the necessary degree of detail, determined by higher operational personnel.

The switching executor must be simultaneously given no more than one task to carry out operational switching.

1.5.43. In the event of a power failure at the electrical installation, the operating personnel must be prepared for its appearance without warning at any time.

1.5.44. Disconnection and inclusion under voltage and into operation of the connection, which has a switch in its circuit, must be carried out using a switch.

It is allowed to switch off and on by separators, disconnectors, detachable contacts of connections of complete switchgears (KRU), including outdoor installation devices (KRUN):

neutrals of power transformers with a voltage of 110-220 kV;

grounding arc-suppressing reactors with a voltage of 6-35 kV in the absence of a ground fault in the network;

magnetizing current of power transformers with a voltage of 6-220 kV;

charging current and earth fault current of air and cable lines power transmission;

charging current of busbar systems, as well as charging current of connections in compliance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents of the power supply organization.

In ring networks with a voltage of 6-10 kV, it is allowed to turn off surge currents up to 70 A by disconnectors and close the network into a ring when the voltage difference at the open contacts of the disconnectors is not more than 5% of the rated voltage. It is allowed to switch off and on the load current up to 15 A by three-pole outdoor disconnectors at a voltage of 10 kV and below.

Remote disconnection of a faulty 220 kV circuit breaker shunted by one circuit breaker or a chain of several circuit breakers of other connections of the busbar system is allowed if disconnection of the circuit breaker can lead to its destruction and de-energization of the substation.

Permissible values of currents switched off and on by disconnectors must be determined by the NTD of the power supply organization. The procedure and conditions for performing operations for various electrical installations must be regulated by local instructions.

Automated energy management systems

1.5.45. Energy facilities of Consumers can be equipped with automated control systems (hereinafter referred to as ACS), which are used to solve a set of tasks:

operational management;

management of production and technical activities;

training of operational personnel;

technical and economic forecasting and planning;

management of repair of electrical equipment, distribution and sale of electricity, development of electrical facilities, logistics, personnel.

1.5.46. APCS is a subsystem of the automated consumer control system (hereinafter referred to as APCS) and must have necessary funds communications and telemechanics with dispatching centers of the energy supplying organization in the amount agreed with the latter.

1.5.47. Complexes of ASUE tasks in each electric power industry should be selected on the basis of production and economic feasibility, taking into account the rational use of existing standard solutions for application packages and the capabilities of technical means.

1.5.48. The complex of technical means of ASUE should include:

means of collecting and transmitting information (information sensors, communication channels, telemechanics devices, data transmission equipment, etc.):

means of processing and displaying information (computers, analog and digital devices, displays, printing devices, etc.);

auxiliary systems (power supply, air conditioning, fire fighting).

1.5.49. The commissioning of the ASUE should be carried out in the prescribed manner on the basis of an act acceptance committee. Putting into commercial operation may be preceded by its pilot operation lasting no more than 6 months.

Creation and commissioning of ASUE can be carried out in queues.

Acceptance of the automated control system for commercial operation should be carried out upon completion of the acceptance for commercial operation of the solution of all tasks provided for the input queue.

1.5.50. When organizing the operation of ASUE, the duties of structural units for servicing a complex of technical means, software must be determined by order of the head of the Consumer.

At the same time, the operation and repair of equipment for high-frequency telephone communication channels and telemechanics over power lines with voltages above 1000 V (communication capacitors, high-frequency barrier reactors, grounding knives, antenna communication devices, bushing insulators, arresters of adjustment elements and connection filters, etc.) must carry out personnel servicing installations with voltages above 1000 V.

Maintenance and verification of telemetry sensors (converters) included in the secondary winding circuits of current and voltage transformers should be carried out by personnel of the relevant departments involved in the operation of relay protection and automation devices and metrological support.

1.5.51. Subdivisions serving ASUE should provide:

reliable operation of technical means, information and software;

provision according to the schedule to the relevant departments of information processed by the computer;

efficient use of computer technology in accordance with applicable regulations;

improvement and development of the management system, including the introduction of new tasks, the modernization of programs that are in operation, the development of advanced technology for collecting and preparing initial information;

maintenance of classifiers of reference information;

organization of information interaction with adjacent hierarchical levels of ASUE;

development of instructive and methodological materials necessary for the functioning of the ASUE;

analysis of the work of ASUE, its economic efficiency, timely reporting.

1.5.52. For each ASUE, the personnel serving it must maintain technical and operational documentation according to the list approved by the technical manager of the Consumer.

1.5.53. To disable the output telecontrol circuits at substations and control rooms, special common keys or disconnecting devices must be used. The disconnection of the telecontrol and telesignaling circuits of individual connections must be carried out on detachable clamps or on individual disconnecting devices with the permission and application of the relevant dispatch service. All operations with common telecontrol keys and individual disconnecting devices in the telecontrol and telesignaling circuits may be performed only at the direction or with the knowledge of a senior worker from the operational staff.

1.5.54. Repair and preventive work on technical means AEMS must be carried out in accordance with the approved schedules. The procedure for their withdrawal for repair, maintenance and repair should be determined by the approved regulation.

Decommissioning of dispatching communication facilities and telemechanics systems must be made out by an operational application.

1.5.55. The head of the Consumer must ensure the analysis of the functioning of the automated control system, control over the operation and the development of measures for the development and improvement of the automated control system and its timely re-equipment.

Chapter 1.6

Maintenance, repair, modernization and reconstruction

1.6.1. Consumers must ensure maintenance, scheduled preventive maintenance, modernization and reconstruction of electrical installation equipment. Responsibility for their implementation rests with the leader.

1.6.2. The scope of maintenance and scheduled preventive repairs should be determined by the need to maintain the operability of electrical installations, periodically restore them and bring them into line with changing operating conditions.

1.6.3. For all types of repairs of the main equipment of electrical installations, annual plans(schedules) approved by the technical manager of the Consumer.

Repair of electrical equipment and apparatus directly related to technological units must be carried out simultaneously with the repair of the latter.

1.6.4. Repair schedules for electrical installations that affect changes in production volumes must be approved by the head of the organization. Consumers should also develop long-term plans for the technical re-equipment and reconstruction of electrical installations.

1.6.5. The frequency and duration of all types of repairs, as well as the duration of annual downtime in repairs for certain types of electrical equipment, are established in accordance with these Rules, current industry standards and instructions from manufacturers.

1.6.6. Maintenance and repair can also be carried out based on the results of technical diagnostics when the Consumer has a technical diagnostics system - a combination of the object of diagnostics, the diagnostic process and performers prepared for diagnostics and carrying it out according to the rules established by the relevant documentation.

Such documentation includes: industry standard (hereinafter referred to as OST), departmental guidance document (hereinafter referred to as VRD), regulations, enterprise standard (hereinafter referred to as STP) and other documents adopted in this industry or at this Consumer.

This document, drawn up in accordance with the current rules of state supervision bodies and state standards, describes the entire procedure for conducting technical diagnostics and supplying technical diagnostics. The document is drawn up separately for the types of electrical installations. For electrical equipment, the recommended approximate procedure for technical diagnostics of electrical installations of Consumers is presented in Appendix 2.

1.6.7. After the expiration of the service life established by the regulatory and technical documentation, all technological systems and electrical equipment must be subject to technical examination by a commission headed by the technical manager of the Consumer in order to assess the condition, establish terms for further work and operating conditions.

The results of the work of the commission should be reflected in the act and technical passports technological systems and electrical equipment with the obligatory indication of the period of subsequent examination.

Technical certification can also be carried out by specialized organizations.

1.6.8. Structural changes in electrical equipment and apparatus, as well as changes in electrical circuits during repairs are carried out in accordance with the approved technical documentation.

1.6.9. Prior to the withdrawal of the main equipment of electrical installations for major repairs, there must be:

statements of the scope of work and estimates were drawn up, specified after opening and inspecting the equipment, as well as a schedule of repair work;

the necessary materials and spare parts have been procured according to the scope of work statements;

drafted and approved technical documentation for work during the overhaul period;

tools, fixtures, rigging equipment and hoisting and transport mechanisms are completed and brought into good condition;

workplaces for repairs were prepared, the layout of the site was made, indicating the placement of parts and details;

repair teams are staffed and instructed.

1.6.10. The equipment installed by the Customer must be provided with spare parts and materials. The condition of spare parts, materials, conditions of delivery, storage should be periodically checked by those responsible for electrical facilities.

1.6.11. The equipment introduced after repair must be tested in accordance with the standards for testing electrical equipment (Appendix 3).

1.6.12. Special tests of the operated equipment are carried out according to the schemes and programs approved by those responsible for electrical facilities.

1.6.13. The main equipment of electrical installations that has undergone a major overhaul is subject to load testing for at least 24 hours, unless there are other instructions from the manufacturers. If defects are found that prevent the normal operation of the equipment, the repair is considered incomplete until these defects are eliminated and the test is repeated.

1.6.14. All work performed during the overhaul of the main electrical equipment is accepted according to the act, to which the technical documentation for the repair must be attached. Acts with all applications are stored in equipment passports. About the work carried out during the repair of the rest of the electrical equipment and apparatus, a detailed entry is made in the equipment passport or in a special repair journal.

1.6.15. For the timely and high-quality performance of the tasks specified in this chapter, the repair personnel must have warehouses, workshops and other relevant premises, as well as devices, test and measurement tools, incl. for early detection of defects, for example, vibroacoustic devices, thermal imagers, stationary and mobile laboratories, etc.

Chapter 1.7

Safety and Environmental Compliance Rules

1.7.1. The head of the Consumer is obliged to ensure safe working conditions for employees in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

1.7.2. The device of electrical installations must comply with the requirements of the rules for the installation of electrical installations, building codes and regulations, state standards, labor safety rules and other regulatory and technical documentation.

The organization of operation and repair of electrical installations must comply with the requirements of these Rules, state standards, safety rules for the operation of electrical installations and other regulations on labor protection (hereinafter - OT) and safety (hereinafter - TB).

1.7.3. Protective equipment, tools and devices used in the maintenance and repair of electrical installations must meet the requirements of the relevant state standards and the current rules for the use and testing of protective equipment.

Protective equipment, tools and fixtures must be inspected and tested in accordance with applicable regulations.

1.7.4. The Consumer must develop and approve OHS instructions both for employees of certain professions and for certain types works.

1.7.5. Each employee is obliged to know and comply with labor safety requirements related to the serviced equipment and organization of work at the workplace.

1.7.6. For each Consumer, the work to create safe working conditions must comply with the regulation on the OT management system, which establishes single system organization and safe production of works, functional responsibilities workers from electrical, electrical and other personnel, their relationship and responsibility by position.

The head of the Consumer and the person responsible for the electrical economy, as well as the employees replacing them, are personally responsible for creating safe working conditions for employees of the electrical economy, staffing with trained and certified electrical personnel, organizational and technical work to prevent cases of electric shock to the Consumer's personnel.

Responsible for the electrical facilities of the structural divisions of the Consumer are responsible for carrying out organizational and technical measures to create safe and healthy working conditions, for conducting health and safety briefings with a visual demonstration and training of personnel in safe working methods, for compliance by personnel with labor safety requirements and the use of tools, devices, means of protection, overalls that meet the requirements of applicable norms and rules.

1.7.7. The head of the Consumer and the person responsible for electrical facilities must control the compliance of working conditions at the workplace with safety and industrial hygiene requirements. If it is impossible to eliminate the impact on personnel of harmful and dangerous factors, the governing officials are required to provide personnel with personal protective equipment.

1.7.8. The head of the Consumer is obliged to organize training, knowledge testing, instruction of personnel in accordance with the requirements of state standards, these Rules, labor safety rules and local instructions.

1.7.9. The employee who conducted the briefing makes an entry about the initial briefing at the workplace, repeated, unscheduled, internship and admission to work in the register of briefings at the workplace and (or) in a personal card with the obligatory signature of the instructed and instructing. When registering an unscheduled briefing, indicate the reason for its conduct.

1.7.10. The materials of the investigation of accidents related to the operation of electrical installations, as well as violations of labor safety requirements, must be carefully analyzed to identify the cause and culprit of their occurrence, and take measures to prevent such cases.

Reporting of accidents, their investigation and accounting should be carried out in the prescribed manner.

Responsibility for the correct and timely investigation and accounting of accidents, execution of acts of the H-1 form, development and implementation of measures to eliminate the causes of the accident lies with the head of the Consumer.

1.7.11. Responsibility for accidents that occurred at work is borne both by employees who directly violated safety requirements or labor protection instructions, and those responsible for the electrical equipment of the Consumer and its structural divisions, as well as other employees from the administrative and technical staff, the head of the Consumer who did not ensure safety labor and industrial sanitation standards, compliance with labor safety standards and not taking proper measures to prevent accidents.

1.7.12. The materials of the investigation of group accidents and fatal cases must be worked out with the personnel of the energy services of all structural divisions of the Consumer. Measures must be developed and implemented to prevent similar accidents.

1.7.13. All energy personnel must be trained practices release of a person under the influence electric current, and practically trained in the methods of providing first aid to victims directly at the scene. Training in first aid to the victim should be carried out by a specially trained instructor.

Testing knowledge of the rules and techniques of first aid in case of accidents at work should be carried out during a periodic test of knowledge of the rules and regulations for working in electrical installations.

1.7.14. The head of the Consumer must provide each worker of the electrical industry with a personal instruction on first aid in case of accidents at work.

1.7.15. First aid kits or first aid bags with a set of medicines should be available at the workplace. The stock of medicines, taking into account the expiration dates, must be constantly renewed.

1.7.16. Personnel must be provided with overalls, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment in accordance with applicable standards, depending on the nature of the work performed, and must use them during the work.

1.7.17. When carrying out construction and installation, commissioning and repair work at the existing electrical installations of the Consumer, third-party organizations must develop joint measures for labor safety, industrial sanitation, explosion and fire safety, taking into account the interaction of construction and installation and operational personnel. The heads of organizations carrying out these works are responsible for the qualifications of their personnel, their compliance with safety requirements and for the organization and implementation of labor safety measures in their work areas.

When performing work on the same equipment or structure at the same time by several organizations, a work organization plan must be drawn up.

1.7.18. Fire safety of electrical installations, buildings and structures in which they are located must meet the requirements of the current fire safety rules (hereinafter - PPB) as well as industry rules that take into account the characteristics of individual industries.

1.7.19. All employees of the Consumer must undergo fire safety training.

Electrical personnel must undergo periodic testing of knowledge of the PPB at the same time as testing knowledge of the rules and regulations for working in electrical installations.

1.7.20. Electrical installations must be equipped with primary fire extinguishing equipment.

1.7.21. During the operation of electrical installations, measures must be taken to prevent or limit the harmful effects on the environment of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere and discharges into water bodies, to reduce sound pressure, vibration, electric and magnetic fields and other harmful physical effects, and to reduce the consumption of water from natural sources.

1.7.22. The amount of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere should not exceed established norms maximum allowable emissions (limits), discharges of pollutants into water bodies - norms of maximum allowable or temporarily agreed discharges. The strength of the electric and magnetic fields should not exceed the maximum permissible levels of these factors, the noise impact - the norms of the sound power of the equipment established by the relevant sanitary norms and standards.

1.7.23. The Consumer operating oil-filled electrical equipment must develop measures to prevent accidental releases of it into the environment.

At the main step-down substation (hereinafter referred to as the GPP) and in the switchgear (hereinafter referred to as the switchgear) with oil-filled electrical equipment, oil receivers, oil drains and oil collectors must be installed in accordance with the requirements of the current rules for the installation of electrical installations. Oil receiving devices must be kept in a condition that ensures the reception of oil at any time of the year.

1.7.24. Consumers who generate toxic waste during the operation of electrical installations must ensure their timely disposal, neutralization and disposal. Storage or burial of toxic waste on the territory of the Consumer is not allowed.

1.7.25. Operation of electrical installations without devices that ensure compliance with the established sanitary norms and regulations and environmental requirements, or with defective devices that do not comply with these requirements, is not allowed.

1.7.26. When operating electrical installations in order to protect water bodies from pollution, it is necessary to be guided by the current legislation, state and industry standards for the protection of water bodies from pollution.

Chapter 1.8

Technical documentation

1.8.1. Each Consumer must have the following technical documentation:

master plan with applied buildings, structures and underground electrical communications;

approved project documentation (drawings, explanatory notes etc.) with all subsequent changes;

acts of acceptance of hidden works, testing and adjustment of electrical equipment, acceptance of electrical installations for operation;

Executive working diagrams of primary and secondary electrical connections;

acts of delimitation of networks by property (balance sheet) ownership and operational responsibility between the energy supply organization and the Consumer;

technical passports of the main electrical equipment, buildings and structures of power facilities, certificates for equipment and materials subject to mandatory certification;

production instructions for the operation of electrical installations;

job descriptions for each workplace, instructions for labor protection at workplaces (for the operator of a personal electronic computer (hereinafter referred to as PC), for the use of portable electrical receivers, etc.), instructions for fire safety, instructions for preventing and eliminating accidents, instructions for switching without orders, instructions for accounting for electricity and its rational use, instructions for labor protection for workers servicing electrical equipment of electrical installations. All instructions are developed taking into account the types of work performed (work on operational switching in electrical installations, climbing work, work at height, installation, commissioning, repair work, testing and measurements, etc.) and are approved by the Consumer's manager.

The set of the above documentation must be kept by the Consumer and, in the event of a change in ownership, be transferred in full to the new owner. The procedure for storing documentation is established by the head of the Consumer.

1.8.2. Each Consumer for structural subdivisions must have lists of technical documentation approved by the technical manager. A complete set of instructions must be kept by the workshop, site and necessary kit- at the appropriate personnel in the workplace.

The lists should be reviewed at least once every 3 years.

The list should include the following documents:

logbooks for electrical equipment listing the main electrical equipment and indicating their technical data, as well as the inventory numbers assigned to them (the logbooks are accompanied by operating instructions and technical passports of manufacturers, certificates certifying the quality of equipment, products and materials, protocols and acts of testing and measurements , repair of equipment and power lines, maintenance of relay protection devices);

drawings of electrical equipment, electrical installations and structures, sets of drawings of spare parts, executive drawings of air and cable routes and cable magazines;

drawings of underground cable routes and grounding devices with references to buildings and permanent structures and indicating the installation locations of couplings and intersections with other communications;

general power supply schemes drawn up for the Consumer as a whole and for individual workshops and sections (subdivisions);

acts or a written instruction of the head of the Consumer on the delimitation of networks by balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility between structural divisions (if necessary);

a set of production instructions for the operation of electrical installations of a workshop, section (subdivision) and sets of necessary job descriptions and instructions on labor protection for employees of this unit (service);

lists of employees:

list of gas hazardous underground structures, special works in electrical installations;

VL, which after disconnection are under induced voltage;

list of works permitted in the order of current operation;

electrical installations where additional measures are required to ensure the safety of work;

positions of engineering and technical workers (hereinafter referred to as engineers) and electrotechnological personnel who need to have an appropriate electrical safety group;

professions and jobs that require personnel to be assigned to group I for electrical safety;

separation of duties of electrotechnological and electrical personnel;

electrical installations under operational management;

a list of complex switching performed according to the switching forms;

measuring instruments transferred to the category of indicators;

inventory protection means distributed between objects.

1.8.3. All changes in electrical installations made during operation must be reflected in a timely manner on diagrams and drawings signed by the person responsible for the electrical economy, indicating his position and the date the change was made.

Information about changes in the schemes should be brought to the attention of all employees for whom knowledge of these schemes is mandatory, with an entry in the log book of work on orders and orders.

1.8.4. The designations and numbers on the diagrams must correspond to the designations and numbers made in kind.

1.8.5. Compliance of electrical (technological) diagrams (drawings) with actual operational ones should be checked at least once every 2 years with a mark on them about verification.

1.8.6. A set of power supply schemes must be kept by the person responsible for electrical facilities at his workplace.

Operational diagrams of electrical installations of a given workshop, section (subdivision) and electrically related other subdivisions must be stored at the workplace of the operational personnel of the subdivision.

The main schemes are hung out in a conspicuous place in the room of this electrical installation.

1.8.7. All workplaces must be equipped necessary instructions: production (operational), official, labor protection and fire safety measures.

1.8.8. In the event of a change in the operating conditions of electrical equipment, appropriate additions are made to the instructions, which is reported to employees, for whom knowledge of these instructions is mandatory, against signature.

The instructions are reviewed at least once every 3 years.

1.8.9. At the workplaces of operational personnel (at substations, in switchgears or in rooms allocated for personnel servicing electrical installations), the following documentation should be maintained:

operational scheme, and, if necessary, a layout scheme. For Consumers with a simple and clear power supply scheme, it is sufficient to have a single-line diagram of the primary electrical connections, which does not indicate the actual position of the switching devices;

operational log;

log book of work on orders and orders;

log for the issuance and return of keys from electrical installations;

magazine of relay protection, automation and telemechanics;

magazine or card file of defects and malfunctions on electrical equipment;

statements of indications of instrumentation and electric meters;

logbook of electrical equipment;

cable magazine.

Workplaces should also have the following documentation:

lists of employees:

Having the right to perform operational switching, conduct operational negotiations, sole inspection of electrical installations and the electrical part of technological equipment;

Having the right to give orders, issue orders;

Who are given the rights of an admitting, responsible work manager, work foreman, supervisor;

Approved for checking underground structures for gas contamination;

Subject to verification of knowledge for the right to perform special work in electrical installations;

lists of responsible employees of the energy supply organization and sub-subscriber organizations that have the right to conduct operational negotiations;

a list of equipment, power lines and relay protection devices that are in operational control at the assigned site;

production instructions for switching in electrical installations;

work permit forms for work in electrical installations;

a list of works performed in the order of current operation.

Depending on local conditions ( organizational structure and forms of operational management, the composition of operational personnel and electrical installations under its operational management) the following documentation may be included in operational documentation:

logbook of briefing at the workplace;

single-line diagram of electrical connections of the electrical installation during normal operation of the equipment;

a list of employees entitled to issue operational orders;

magazine for accounting of emergency and fire fighting trainings;

log of relay protection, automation and telemechanics and maps of settings for relay protection and automation;

local instructions for the prevention and elimination of accidents;

a list of complex operational switching;

switch forms.

The volume of operational documentation can be supplemented by the decision of the head of the Consumer or the person responsible for electrical facilities.

1.8.10. Operational documentation should be reviewed periodically (at the time established by the organization, but at least once a month) by higher operational or administrative and technical personnel and take measures to eliminate the identified deficiencies.

1.8.11. Operational documentation, diagrams of recording instrumentation, statements of readings of settlement electric meters, output documents generated by the operational information complex of automated control systems (hereinafter referred to as ACS) belong to strict accounting documents and are subject to storage in the prescribed manner.

The detailed review presented here examines the rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks operating on traditional energy sources. The main provisions of these requirements apply both to the equipment that is part of the power grids, and to representatives of departments and organizations responsible for their maintenance and service.

PTE of electrical supply stations and networks operate on the basis of the provisions of SO 153-34.20.501-2003 and contain the basic requirements for the maintenance of energy facilities, including preventive measures and repairs. Thus, all third-party organizations and intermediaries performing one-time or scheduled work at substations and electrical networks should be guided by these rules.

Organizational matters

During the operation and maintenance of electrical installations, great importance is attached to the following organizational issues included in the requirements of the PTE:

The procedure for dividing the so-called "limits of responsibility" between this object and neighboring territories, in which the orders of its head are no longer valid;

Note! This separation does not only apply to line routes being laid; it also extends its effect to individual economic and territorial units (entire energy systems, sections, workshops and buildings).

Preparation of a list of job descriptions that should guide the personnel serving each facility of a particular unit.

In the part of the document devoted to organizational measures, the issues of ensuring safety when working with special equipment of substations and relay circuits are necessarily stipulated. To fulfill these requirements, the operating and maintenance personnel of substations and linear facilities must be guided by the main provisions of the current regulations (including the PUE). In this regard, he is obliged:

Monitor the current state of substations with stationary and linear equipment located on them;
Maintain the quality of the voltage supplied to the objects (its shape, frequency and rating) at the required level;
Follow all instructions of the operational and dispatching management;
master modern methods maintenance of electrical networks, allowing to increase the efficiency of their work and achieve planned energy saving indicators;
Comply with industry-specific fire safety regulations and labor protection requirements.

In addition, the operating personnel of substations are obliged to constantly improve the quality of service of this facility and, at the same time, reduce its impact on the environmental situation in the area of location.

The Rules also note that representatives of third-party organizations performing the design, installation, commissioning and commissioning of electrical equipment must be licensed to carry out all of the above works. At the same time, departmental supervisory authorities are required to conduct periodic inspections of the condition of the buildings and structures located at the facility, as well as the performance of the equipment installed on them.

In addition, the rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks separately stipulate the procedure for conducting systemic events organized to assess the technical safety of energy facilities and the efficiency of using production capacities.

Issues of professional development

According to the requirements of SO 153-34.20.501, in order to improve the methods of working with power equipment, regular theoretical classes should be held with substation personnel.

At the end of the training, certification of specialists should be carried out for all previously studied material, followed by assignment to each of them of the appropriate category and registration of admission to work on electrical installations.

Such an approach to the learning process makes it possible to prepare the maintenance personnel for the prospects for the technical re-equipment of the energy carrier production, carried out with the simultaneous renewal of the entire fleet of electrical equipment involved in the work.

Commissioning of energy facilities

Commissioning works

Upon completion of the installation work carried out under the program for updating the equipment operated at this facility, its acceptance is necessarily organized. The procedure for carrying out these activities is also stipulated by separate clauses of the current regulations relating to specific facilities of the energy system (transformer substations, boiler houses, thermal power plants, capacitive compensatory units, as well as the linear equipment itself).

Additional Information. According to the same rules and methods, an energy facility is accepted upon completion of its overhaul or modernization.

In accordance with the PUE, during start-up work, the technical condition of the working units of the equipment being put into operation is necessarily assessed, and the compliance of the operating modes with the requirements established by the standards is also checked.

Rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks (PTEESS) also define the categories of premises used for the production of works of various kinds. In particular, they divide buildings according to their functional purpose into two main classes.

Firstly, these are parts of the building or the entire building, on the territory of which the main power equipment is located.

Secondly, these are separate buildings or their elements, the areas of which are used as auxiliary premises. They, in turn, are divided into the following types:

Buildings designed to accommodate vehicles serving the substation;
Areas used as auxiliary storage facilities;
Change houses, changing rooms, showers and canteens necessary to create normal working conditions for the personnel serving the facility;
Engineering systems, which include pipelines, sewage treatment plants and local electrical networks.

Important! Commissioning work should be carried out in quantities sufficient to meet all the requirements of regulatory documentation related to the efficiency of the equipment in operation.

Test procedure

The set of activities carried out immediately before the commissioning of the facility should include the following procedures:

Checking the functioning of the tested systems and electrical equipment of the main power units (including auxiliary devices available at the facility);
Testing the performance of all equipment in terms of its readiness for commissioning;
Carrying out intermediate tests, as well as checking individual units for the quality of hidden (earth) works.

It also indicates that representatives of the customer are usually involved in these works, and the verification itself is carried out in accordance with the design decisions for this facility and is timed to coincide with the completion of the entire scope of installation work.

Additional Information. An obligatory component of any acceptance tests is the verification of all equipment for compliance with fire safety requirements.

In case of detection of any malfunctions and shortcomings in the systems under examination, they must be eliminated even before the equipment is put into permanent operation. All comments on the condition of the equipment under study must be recorded in the acceptance certificate, signed by all interested parties.

Acceptance (final stage)

A necessary condition for the successful completion of commissioning is the fulfillment of the following requirements:

Availability of acts for checking the operability of alarms, emergency warning and fire extinguishing systems, as well as ventilation and other communications;
Obtaining official permission to put the energy facility into operation, issued by the local authorities of supervision and control;
Checking, together with the customer, the functioning of individual units and mechanisms (including auxiliary equipment) under load.

Important note! The test will be considered successful if the tested equipment of electrical substations works without interruption for at least 72 hours (with nominal load and maintaining the parameters specified by the standards).

It should be noted that hydroelectric power plants and pumped storage power plants are subject to special requirements, consisting in the need for three successive successful launches of substation equipment in automatic mode. And for gas turbine power generation systems, this figure rises up to ten times. Separately, stations are considered in which alternative sources are used as their own power plant.

Technical characteristics of operating stations

The PTEs operating in the Russian Federation single out the types of power facilities for which the dependence of the main indicators on the magnitude of thermal and electrical loads is introduced.

First of all, they include:

Electrical substations with power starting from 10 MW;
Hydroelectric power plants with an operating capacity of 30 MW or more;
CHP with a performance index of about 50 Gcal/hour.

For all energy facilities with such indicators, the dependence specified above is established, and at substations of lower capacity, the expediency of its introduction depends on the characteristics of a particular system and the equipment installed in it.

The performance characteristics of these systems, according to the PTE, are indicators of the actual efficiency of the equipment and relay lines (including their energy consumption). Moreover, energy indicators are evaluated according to the following main criteria:

Energy transfer efficiency;
Heat and energy losses (on average for the facility);
The average annual cost of carrier transportation from station equipment to a specific consumer;
The procedure for accounting for thermal and electrical energy.

Note! All current calculations of average consumption indicators for energy networks are carried out in accordance with the provisions of the PTE and current standards.

In power grids, only the so-called “technological” consumption of electricity, including its transportation to a specific consumer, is subject to rationing. This procedure is carried out in the presence of mandatory control of the accuracy of measuring the current energy consumption, as well as taking into account the state of the operating station equipment.

Such control should be carried out with a frequency of at least 1 time per month, and based on its results, the best work shifts and units are determined, in which no serious violations were detected.

Departmental supervision

All energy facilities generating and supplying electricity to specific consumers, as well as distributing and converting it according to loads, must be under the departmental supervision of special authorities.

In addition, they are required to undergo regular technical examination, carried out in relation to electrical equipment and fixed with a mark in the relevant accounting document.

The procedure for conducting such an examination can be presented as follows:

Organization and conduct of acceptance tests carried out with the participation of members of a specially appointed commission;
Checking the condition of station equipment, which consists in its visual inspection, as well as the study of all accompanying technical documentation;
Testing of equipment for compliance with safety regulations, including assessment of the condition of grounding systems and measurements of the contact resistance of the corresponding circuits.

The results of the work carried out by the commission are necessarily recorded in the technical passport of a separate unit or unit.

Important! Operation of equipment with detected defects and technical malfunctions is strictly prohibited.

Modernization, repair and maintenance

According to the main provisions of the PTE, the owner of any energy facility is directly responsible for its current condition, as well as for the quality of its maintenance and the timeliness of the repair of the equipment located on it.

In addition, he is obliged to carefully monitor the timing of planned activities related to overhaul and modernization of this facility. The volume of these types of work is determined by the tasks facing the contractor, and in some cases it is specially stipulated when drawing up annual schedules.

In accordance with the current regulatory provisions of the PTE, the following are regulated important questions and moments:

The frequency of maintenance, as well as the time costs that should be allocated for unforeseen repair work;
The possibility of extending temporary pauses between all types of repairs of the main power units;
Preparation of the appropriate tool, as well as all the necessary documentation, without which the withdrawal of this object for repair is simply not possible;
Drawing up a list of mandatory measures aimed at ensuring the smooth launch of the facility into operation (upon completion of the repair cycle).

After the removal of all the shortcomings and shortcomings found by the selection committee, an object acceptance certificate is prepared, which means the completion of the full cycle of repair work. Before signing the final document, the following necessary conditions for post-repair acceptance of equipment into operation must be met:

Substations with effective voltage values from 35 kV must pass mandatory two-day tests with a fully connected load;
In the course of its implementation, the performance of individual components and systems should be checked for compliance with all the requirements specified in the test program;
The quality of the repairs carried out in terms of compliance with safety requirements is also assessed.

Note! The final acceptance of the entire set of equipment into operation is possible within 30 calendar days after its test run.

All this time, members of the commission carry out constant monitoring of the condition of all units of the restored or modernized equipment, and also check the reliability of its automatic systems.

Let's add to this that the rules of the fuel economy separately stipulate which repairs are considered medium or capital, and also indicate the deadlines for each of them.

Technical documentation

The rules that apply to any energy facility also provide for the composition of a complete set of technical documentation regulating the main issues of its operation. These documents include:

The act, according to which a plot of land is fixed under the operating facility with the general plan and communication schemes attached to it;
Acceptance acts concerning the quality of foundation and hidden works;
Test results of special systems that provide explosion protection, corrosion protection, and fire safety of the facility;
Acts of acceptance into operation of sewer outlets, gas communications, as well as ventilation equipment;
Drawings indicating the location of all hidden communications;
Visual (basic) diagrams of electrical circuits operating at the facility;
Passports for all main and auxiliary equipment;
Plan for the location of fire extinguishing equipment.

This list should be supplemented with a work kit project documentation including all subsequent amendments and changes.

In the final part of the review, questions should be raised regarding the labeling of individual components and mechanisms, as well as accounting for electricity distributed to objects.

PTE establishes a certain procedure for designating electrical components, conductive tires, laid cable routes and protective pipelines (see PUE).

In addition, these rules provide for the accounting of electricity transferred to a specific consumer (with mandatory registration of power consumption). Data on energy consumption and meter readings are recorded in a form approved by the head of the department.

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1.1.1. These Rules apply to thermal power plants working on organic fuel, hydroelectric, electric and heating network Russian Federation and organizations performing work in relation to these objects.

1.1.2. At each power facility, the boundaries and functions for servicing equipment, buildings, structures and communications between production units (workshops, sections, laboratories, etc.) should be distributed, as well as the job functions of the personnel.

1.1.3. Safe operation equipment, buildings and structures is provided by the provisions of instructions and other normative and technical documents.

1.1.4. Each employee of the industry, within the limits of his functions, must ensure that the device and operation of equipment, buildings and structures of power plants and networks comply with safety and fire safety rules.

1.1.5. The main task of power plants, boiler houses, electrical and heat networks is the production, transformation, distribution and supply of electrical energy and heat to consumers (hereinafter referred to as energy production).

1.1.6. The main technological link in energy production is the energy system, which is a combination of power plants, boiler houses, electrical and thermal networks (hereinafter referred to as power facilities), connected by a common mode of operation and having centralized operational dispatch control.

Use achievements scientific and technological progress in order to increase efficiency, reliability and safety, improve the ecology of the power facility and the environment.

1.1.8. At each power facility, the functions and boundaries for servicing equipment, buildings, structures and communications should be distributed between structural subdivisions.

Efficient work power plants and networks by reducing production costs, increasing the efficiency of using the capacity of the installed equipment, implementing measures for energy saving and the use of secondary energy resources;

Renovation of fixed production assets through technical re-equipment and reconstruction of power plants and networks, equipment modernization;

Organizations engaged in the design, adjustment, operation of power facilities associated with increased industrial hazard must have permits (licenses) issued in the prescribed manner.

1.1.10. Supervision of the technical condition and implementation of measures to ensure the safe maintenance of equipment and structures, the rational and efficient use of fuel and energy resources is carried out by state control and supervision bodies.

1.2.1. Fully completed construction of power plants, boiler houses (steam and water heating), electric and heat network facilities, as well as, depending on the complexity of the power facility, their queues and start-up complexes must be put into operation in the manner prescribed by the current rules. This requirement also applies to the commissioning of power facilities after expansion and reconstruction.

1.2.2. The launch complex should include, ensuring normal operation under the given parameters, a part of the total design volume of the power facility, consisting of a set of structures and facilities assigned to certain power plants or to the power plant as a whole (without reference to specific power plants). It should include: equipment, structures, buildings (or parts thereof) of the main production, auxiliary production, auxiliary, household, transport, repair and storage purposes, landscaped area, points Catering, health centers, means of dispatching and technological control (SDTU), means of communication, engineering communications, treatment facilities that ensure the production, transmission and distribution of electrical energy and heat to consumers, the passage of ships or fish through navigation or fish passes. To the extent envisaged by the project for this launch complex, standard sanitary and living conditions and safety for workers, environmental protection, and fire safety must be ensured.

Individual tests of equipment and functional tests of individual systems, ending for power units with a trial run of the main and auxiliary equipment;

Operation of power plants and networks

Rules for acceptance into operation of facilities and equipment

Rules requirements for personnel

Ways to control the efficiency of energy facilities

Technical supervision of the operation of energy facilities

Modernization, repair and maintenance (TO)

Technical documentation of the power facility

Automated control systems (ACS)

Unity of measurements

Territory of power plants, requirements

Hydraulic structures of power plants

Equipment for hydraulic structures

Water regime for power plants

Hydraulic structures in winter

Power plant reservoir requirements

Hydro turbine plants

Service water supply of power plants

Fuel and transport economy of power plants

Fuel for a power facility

Power plants and networks, electrical equipment

Requirements for power cable lines

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REGULATIONS technical operation of consumer electrical installations

Section 1. Organization of operation of electrical installations.

Chapter 1.1

General requirements

Chapter 1.2

Obligations, responsibility of consumers for compliance with the rules

Chapter 1.3

Commissioning of electrical installations

Chapter 1.4

Staff requirements and training

Chapter 1.5

Electrical management

General provisions

operational management

Automated energy management systems

Chapter 1.6

Maintenance, repair, modernization and reconstruction

Chapter 1.7

Safety and Environmental Compliance Rules

Chapter 1.8

Technical documentation

Organizational matters

Issues of professional development

Commissioning of energy facilities

Commissioning works

Test procedure

Acceptance (final stage)

Technical characteristics of operating stations

Departmental supervision

Modernization, repair and maintenance

Technical documentation

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Ways to develop safe, reliable and efficient industrial substations

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Advantages of DC in high voltage lines

REGULATIONS
technical operation of consumer electrical installations