The costs of installation supervision are determined by calculation. Estimate for work - sample, form and example of preparation. The inventory of these buildings includes

OST 108.002.128-80

Group E08

INDUSTRY STANDARD

INSTALLATION SUPERVISION AND COMMISSIONING OF ENERGY HEAT
AND HYDROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

BASIC PROVISIONS AND STANDARD CONTRACTS

Date of introduction 1981-01-01

APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by the order of the Ministry of Energy Engineering dated 03.03.80 N YUK-002/1654. By order of the Minister of Energy and Electrification of the USSR dated May 27, 1980 N 197, it was extended to enterprises (organizations) of the USSR Ministry of Energy

CONTRACTOR - NPO CKTI: V.V.Sapelov, N.D.Markozov, Yu.G.Vasiliev, R.I.Oksman, Z.P.Shulyatyeva, B.M.Beilinson

AMENDED Change No. 1, approved and put into effect by the order of the Ministry of Power Engineering dated 02/18/86 N SCH-002/1781 from 07/01/86

Change No. 1 was made by the database manufacturer

This industry standard applies to the supervision of installation of head and serial equipment and supervision of commissioning* of head power thermal and hydromechanical equipment carried out in the USSR, manufactured by enterprises of the Ministry of Power Engineering (Minenergomash).
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* This standard deals with the supervision of commissioning of power equipment that is part of a complex, the commissioning of which is carried out after final installation at the customer’s site.

The provisions of this standard also apply to supervision repairs during medium and major repairs of the above equipment at the customer’s (consumer’s) sites.

This standard can be extended to other types of equipment for which manufacturing enterprises of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation carry out supervision of installation and commissioning.

The standard establishes the procedure for the relationship between enterprises - manufacturers of energy equipment of the Ministry of Energy and customers during installation supervision and commissioning supervision at energy facilities of the USSR and defines the rights, duties and responsibilities of supervisory personnel, introduces standard contracts for installation supervision and commissioning. The standard is mandatory for all enterprises and organizations involved in the supervision of installation and commissioning of power equipment.

By order of the Minister of Energy and Electrification of the USSR dated May 27, 1980 N 197 was extended to enterprises (organizations) of the USSR Ministry of Energy.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The terms used in this standard are given in Reference Appendix 1.

1.2. The purpose of installation supervision is to ensure compliance with the requirements of the manufacturer’s technical documentation during installation, storage of equipment at the customer’s site during installation supervision, commissioning and comprehensive testing of equipment through technical guidance and control by the manufacturer’s supervisory staff, as well as qualified and prompt resolution of issues that arise during equipment installation.

1.3. Supervision of installation must be carried out by the external installation division (bureau, department) of the manufacturer, which belongs to the industrial-production or design-technological group and reports to the chief engineer or chief designer, respectively. The number of this unit must be sufficient to carry out installation supervision at all facilities under construction for which the manufacturer supplies power equipment.

1.4. The scope of installation supervision work is assigned within the scope of supply of the manufacturer (see recommended Appendix 2)*.
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Supervised installation of equipment at the customer’s site is carried out from the beginning installation work until the end of comprehensive testing.

1.5. The purpose of commissioning supervision is to ensure that the equipment achieves the performance indicators provided for by the technical specifications or standards of technical specifications for this equipment.

1.6. The scope of commissioning work is determined by mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the customer (see recommended Appendix 3)* within the scope of supply of the manufacturer.
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* The lists specified in Appendices 2 and 3 are taken as a basis by the manufacturer when selecting specific works included in contracts for installation supervision and commissioning for each type of power equipment, and can be supplemented at its discretion.

1.7. Supervised commissioning is mandatory for head equipment*. Supervised adjustment is carried out by the manufacturer, as a rule, by its adjustment department, subordinate to the chief designer; if necessary, the manufacturer, on a contractual basis, can involve third-party specialized organizations in the supervision of commissioning of its equipment, but in all cases, the manufacturer is responsible for the commissioning.
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* If necessary, the manufacturer, by agreement with the customer, can carry out supervision of commissioning of serial samples of some types of power equipment, as well as equipment that has undergone major or medium repairs, on which supervision is carried out.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.8. Supervision begins with the stage of preparatory and pre-commissioning work. At this time, the commissioning personnel, together with the head commissioning organization, develops programs for carrying out the planned volume of commissioning, finishing work and testing of equipment within the scope of delivery of the manufacturer.

Commissioning personnel are involved in the acceptance of equipment in order to check its initial condition before commissioning and testing.

The commissioning supervision ends with the issuance of a conclusion jointly with the head commissioning organization on the compliance of the actual indicators of the head power equipment with the warranty ones and the adjustment, together with the commissioning organization, of the operating instructions for the equipment based on the obtained test and commissioning results. The manufacturer provides the customer with a report on the commissioning of the equipment within the agreed time frame.

1.9. Installation supervision and commissioning supervision are carried out under separate contracts concluded by the customer with the manufacturer.

The cost of installation supervision and adjustment supervision is included by the manufacturer in the sales volume (these costs are not included in the cost of equipment).

1.10. The external installation and commissioning departments of the manufacturer are required to:

provide supervision of installation supervision and commissioning work;

resolve production and financial issues, if necessary, involving the relevant divisions of the manufacturer;

carry out technical training of supervisors and be responsible for their qualifications;

participate in bench tests of head equipment at the manufacturer;

control the activities of supervisors at customer sites;

seek from the management of the manufacturer to take (at the request of the heads of the supervisory teams) timely and effective measures to eliminate identified defects in the equipment, to complete it with missing or requiring replacement parts and products within the scope of supply of the manufacturer;

require the customer to comply technical requirements manufacturer to the conditions of storage, installation, commissioning and maintenance of equipment;

report immediately in accordance with the established procedure to Technical management The Ministry of Energy and Machinery about the facts of non-compliance with the requirements of the supervisory staff regarding the rules for conducting installation work and operating equipment, as well as about major defects and equipment failures;

submit quarterly reports to the Technical Department of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation on the progress of installation, adjustment and fine-tuning of the main samples of power equipment.

The activities of external installation and commissioning departments must be determined by the regulations on these departments, approved by the management of the manufacturer.

1.11. The number of supervisory personnel at the customer's site must ensure that the entire scope of work under contracts is completed within the planned time frame in accordance with the installation work schedule.

1.12. In their work, supervisors must be guided by:

this standard;

contracts (plans-orders) for installation supervision and commissioning supervision;

design, installation, operational and other technical documentation of the manufacturer for the supplied equipment;

orders and instructions of the Ministry of Energy, instructions of the manufacturer;

job descriptions;

state and industry standards;

guiding technical materials and technical specifications;

rules of the USSR State Mining and Technical Supervision;

construction norms and rules of the USSR State Construction Committee;

technical operating rules power stations and networks of the USSR Ministry of Energy (PTE);

standard regulations on the procedure for testing pilot industrial and prototype samples of new types of equipment, approved by the USSR State Committee for Science and Technology;

other current directive materials mandatory for the Ministry of Energy and the customer ministry;

legislation in force in the USSR.

1.13. During the period of adjustment and development of the main equipment, production, research and production associations, enterprises and organizations of the Ministry of Energy and the corresponding enterprises of the customer ministry carry out a complex of scientific research (R&D) and experimental work to assess the effectiveness of new technical solutions incorporated into the main equipment, and also develop measures to further improve the technical and economic level and quality of power equipment.

The volume of research and experimental work according to the agreed coordination plan, the implementation of measures to improve the technical and economic level of equipment, as well as the sources of their financing are determined by joint decisions of the interested ministries and departments.

The relationship between the manufacturer's supervisory team and the teams conducting research and other work on the equipment of the main power units must be regulated by regulations approved in the prescribed manner by the Ministry of Energy and the customer ministry.

1.14. Financing of adjustment work and testing of head equipment carried out by the manufacturer, customer and specialized organizations is carried out by the customer.

2. ORGANIZATION OF INSTALLATION AND SETTING SUPERVISION

2.1. The customer, no later than 6 months before the start of installation (commissioning) of the equipment, must send the manufacturer a proposal to conclude a contract and inform the approved dates for the start and end of installation of equipment and commissioning work, no later than 2 months - send a schedule of construction, installation and commissioning works

The manufacturer, within one month after receiving the customer’s proposal, must send a draft contract for installation supervision and (or) adjustment supervision (standard contracts for installation supervision and adjustment supervision are given in mandatory appendices 4 and 5).

2.2. The customer must draw up contracts for installation supervision and (or) commissioning supervision and send them to the manufacturer and the financing bank.

In case of disagreement with the draft contract, the customer must send to the manufacturer a justification of the reasons for the impossibility of fulfilling certain points. The manufacturer must consider the customer's complaints and provide him with its decision. Pre-contractual disputes between the customer and the manufacturer must be resolved in the prescribed manner and within the time limits provided for by the regulations approved by the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the procedure for filing and considering claims by enterprises, organizations and institutions and resolving disagreements under commercial contracts.

2.3. After concluding contracts for installation supervision and commissioning supervision and agreeing on the start date of work in accordance with the customer’s application, the manufacturer, upon receipt of written notification from the customer about the preparation of the work and the creation of material and technical conditions for its implementation, including the readiness of the construction part (see Appendix 1), must send supervisory personnel to the customer’s site within the time limits stipulated by the contract; Supervising personnel are required to arrive at the site no later than a week before the start of work. Before the start of installation supervision, the customer must submit to the responsible representative of the manufacturer a certificate of readiness of the construction part for installation of equipment*.
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* Supervision of installation of the enlarged assembly of equipment into mounting blocks by a joint decision of the customer and the manufacturer can begin before receiving a certificate of readiness for the construction part.

2.4. The quantitative composition of the supervisory staff is determined by the manufacturer depending on the type of equipment, while the manufacturer, if necessary, has the right to change the number and composition of seconded specialists without prejudice to the fulfillment of contractual obligations and notify the customer; at the same time, the terms and cost of the work specified in the contract remain unchanged.

2.5. From among the seconded supervisory personnel, the manufacturer must appoint responsible persons under contracts for installation supervision and (or) commissioning supervision, who must supervise these works and must be authorized to sign all the necessary documentation at the work site. In all cases, the authority to represent the manufacturer at the customer's site must be vested in one person, whose name must be communicated to the customer in writing.

2.6. To ensure uninterrupted installation and commissioning work and prompt resolution of all issues with organizations involved in the installation (commissioning) of equipment, the customer must allocate its responsible representatives.

The relationship between the supervisory staff of the manufacturer, on the one hand, and installation, commissioning organizations and operating personnel, on the other hand, is regulated by the customer.

2.7. The customer and his contractors must carry out organizational, technical and economic management installation and commissioning works and be responsible for the safety of the equipment, the quality of the work and its timing, for ensuring safe working conditions, strict compliance with the technical requirements of the manufacturer and instructions of the supervisory staff in accordance with the requirements of the documents listed in clause 1.12.

Responsibility for ensuring fire safety measures, occupational health and safety, radiation safety (for nuclear power plants), industrial sanitation and the rules of the State Technical Supervision Authority of the USSR rests with the customer, whose responsibility is to conduct briefings for the supervisory personnel and formalize them in accordance with the rules.

2.8. During the period of commissioning and acceptance tests, which should be carried out only after signing the necessary documentation confirming readiness for start-up, the equipment is serviced by the customer’s operating personnel, who are responsible for the correctness of the service. During the period of acceptance tests, supervisory personnel must monitor the operation of the equipment, and if necessary, must give instructions that are mandatory for the customer’s personnel, if these instructions do not contradict the rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks, safety regulations, and the rules of the USSR State Mining and Technical Supervision.

2.9. The manufacturer guarantees the correctness and proper quality of installation supervision (adjustment supervision) in accordance with the requirements of technical documentation.

The responsibility of the manufacturer for the unsatisfactory quality of installation supervision and commissioning supervision is determined by the current legislation and regulatory documents on the financial responsibility of enterprises and organizations for the fulfillment of tasks and obligations.

2.10. The manufacturer does not bear legal or financial responsibility for the consequences that may arise as a result of the customer’s failure to comply with the requirements of the manufacturer or the instructions of the supervisory staff.

In this case, the manufacturer’s guarantees, with appropriate justification, can be withdrawn in whole or in part.

2.11. Warnings, requirements and instructions, as well as claims for the fulfillment of obligations under the contract for installation supervision and commissioning must be drawn up in writing.

2.12. Supervisory personnel must facilitate the implementation of installation and commissioning schedules at the customer’s site.

Programs and schedules for pre-commissioning and commissioning work for the commissioned power unit (facility) are drawn up with the participation of the supervisory personnel and are coordinated with them.

2.13. The customer does not have the right to use supervisory personnel for work not provided for in the contract for installation supervision (adjustment supervision).

3. RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS OF THE CHEF STAFF

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* If for a certain type of work the category of the supervisory staff performing it is not indicated in brackets, then the work is common to all supervisory personnel.

3.1. The duties of the chief staff include:

checking the readiness of equipment and construction structures for the start of installation work in order to prevent installation of equipment on unprepared construction sites, on poorly executed foundations, in conditions that contradict the technical requirements and instructions for installation of equipment from the manufacturer (carried out by installation supervisors);

consideration of all issues related to the manufacturer regarding the supplied power equipment and decision-making;

checking the storage conditions of equipment in warehouses and open areas of the customer during the installation supervision period in accordance with the technical requirements of the manufacturer (carried out by installation supervisors);

Carrying out installation supervision and commissioning supervision in accordance with clauses 1.4 and 1.6 (the responsibility of the installation supervisors and supervisors according to the scope of the work);

control over compliance with the technology and conditions of installation and commissioning works to the full extent provided for in the technical documentation;

participation in the inspection of equipment and signing of certificates for all basic installation, pre-commissioning and start-up operations and hidden work performed by the customer (his installation organization) on the manufacturer’s equipment;

participation in the preparation and signing of other documentation for the completed installation, pre-commissioning, start-up and commissioning work provided by the manufacturer and the customer: magazines, forms, passports, protocols, technical solutions, operating charts, financial acts under the contract for installation supervision and commissioning supervision, etc. ;

participation in all audits and measurement control of equipment;

technical supervision of fitting work provided for in the equipment installation documentation, and signing of the relevant acts and forms (the responsibility of the installation supervisors);

participation in the preparation and signing of acts recording the detection of defects in the supplied equipment, its conservation and packaging (the responsibility of the installation supervisors); the reports must indicate reliably established or probable causes and nature of defects (factory, as a result of improper storage, transportation or operation, etc.), estimated labor costs, as well as technical instructions for correcting defects;

drawing up bilateral acts recording the failure of the customer (its installation or commissioning organization) to comply with the technical requirements of the manufacturer and the instructions of the supervisory staff;

written notification to the management and responsible persons of the customer about all cases of failure to comply with the instructions of the supervisory personnel by contract construction and installation, commissioning organizations or customer personnel (the responsibility of the responsible representative of the manufacturer);

control over the implementation of the full scope of pre-launch work, over the commissioning of standard instrumentation, automation and technological protection devices provided for in the technical documentation, additional control circuit devices for testing and researching equipment in accordance with the technical documentation of the manufacturer;

drawing up and sending to the manufacturer a monthly report on the progress of work and all documents provided for by job descriptions (the responsibility of the responsible representative of the manufacturer);

timely execution of documents and information from the manufacturer about cases of downtime and delays in work both due to the fault of the customer and the fault of the manufacturer, about cases of failure by the customer to comply with the terms of the contract for installation supervision or commissioning, as well as about claims of the customer to the manufacturer (obligation responsible representative of the manufacturer);

drawing up a technical report on all the work done by the supervisory staff and submitting it to the management of the manufacturer for approval (the responsibility of the person responsible for the commissioning supervision);

strict adherence by each member of the crew to safety rules, industrial sanitation, fire safety, rules of the State Mining and Technical Supervision of the USSR, radiation safety rules (for nuclear power plants), undergoing training conducted by the customer *.
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* Monitoring the safe conduct of installation and commissioning work is not the responsibility of the supervisory staff.

3.2. The responsibilities of the manager and individual members of the crew must be determined by job descriptions approved by the management of the manufacturer and drawn up taking into account the requirements of this standard.

3.3. The chief staff is responsible for:

for the correctness and completeness of the instructions he issued to the customer (its contractor installation and commissioning organizations), for the timely resolution of emerging issues in the scope of installation supervision and equipment supervision;

for failure to fulfill their duties and failure to use their rights, including for failure to submit requirements to eliminate violations of storage conditions, installation of equipment, requirements of programs and test methods and instructions for equipment maintenance;

for failure to comply with safety regulations, industrial sanitation, fire safety, radiation safety (for nuclear power plants), and the rules of the USSR State Mining and Technical Supervision (each member of the chief team personally).

3.4. The chief staff has the right:

demand from the customer, its contract construction, installation and commissioning organizations compliance with state and industry standards, norms and rules for the relevant types of work, as well as compliance with all terms of contracts for installation supervision and supervision of equipment, all technical requirements of the manufacturer for the supplied equipment and the requirements of this standard;

prohibit installation and commissioning work, require the customer to stop testing or operating equipment to eliminate identified violations and deviations in the conduct of these works, and, if necessary, also inspect the equipment, up to opening the largest assembly units, cutting pipes, manifolds and other work , if detected violations entail a risk of damage to the equipment or a reduction in its warranty indicators;

if necessary, require the customer to ensure the protection of equipment during periods of critical installation and commissioning work;

require the customer to repeat the required mode during commissioning and testing, if this test (or part of it) was carried out with a deviation from the test program and methodology or with unrepresentative measurements of parameters;

directly supervise the actions of the customer’s personnel, installation and commissioning organizations when performing certain of the most critical technological, pre-commissioning and start-up operations; a list of the most critical technological, pre-start and start-up operations is established by the responsible representative of the manufacturer, depending on the specifics of the equipment and the nature of the work performed, and is signed by the customer*;

use materials from commissioning, development and research work at all stages of their implementation;

contact the management of the manufacturer to resolve issues that arise during installation supervision and adjustment supervision, for permission to terminate installation supervision (adjustment supervision) and travel to the manufacturer (without such permission and notifying the customer about this, the responsible representative of the manufacturer is prohibited from leaving the customer’s site);

call specialists from the manufacturer to the site of installation (commissioning) work to promptly resolve issues that are not within the competence and functions of the supervisory staff (elimination of deficiencies, reconstruction, special testing of supplied equipment, etc.);

record your technical instructions and requirements in the installation organization’s journal, in the operational journal and in the journal of orders to the customer’s duty personnel;

enjoy free access to the control panel room and other work areas to monitor the operation of the equipment and resolve emerging issues regarding the installation and operation of the manufacturer’s equipment.
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* The list may include hidden work, testing and testing of equipment, and other special technological operations, the correct implementation of which requires the personal participation of the supervisory staff.

4. WORKING AND LIVING CONDITIONS OF THE CHEF STAFF

4.1. The supervisory staff is subject to the internal regulations of the customer's enterprise.

4.2. Based on the functions of the supervisory personnel and the duration of installation and commissioning work, the customer is obliged to provide the supervisory personnel with working and living conditions in accordance with standard contracts for installation supervision and commissioning supervision (see Appendices 4 and 5).

4.3. At enterprises with hazardous working conditions, including at nuclear power plants, as well as at enterprises where regional or other wage coefficients have been introduced, the supervisory staff should be subject to all the benefits enjoyed by the customer’s personnel, and the cost of a man-day for the supervisory staff should increase accordingly. and the amount of the contract.

4.4. When the customer ministry prepares provisions for economic incentives for employees of its ministry for the commissioning and development of new energy capacities, it should be provided for their extension to the supervisory staff of manufacturing enterprises.

4.5. Bonuses for the chief staff of manufacturing enterprises and teams of production associations (enterprises) and research institutes of the Ministry of Energy, carrying out work on the installation, adjustment and fine-tuning of head power equipment and research work related to the fine-tuning of this equipment at the facilities, must be carried out in accordance with the current provisions on bonuses for specified categories of work.

4.6. Regulations on working conditions for supervisory personnel should also apply to specialists from research institutes, associations, enterprises and organizations of the Ministry of Energy and the customer ministry conducting research and development work at energy facilities.

5. CONCLUSION OF AN AGREEMENT AND PAYMENT FOR INSTALLATION SUPERVISION AND SUPERVISION

5.1. The contract for installation supervision (adjustment supervision) is the main legal document that defines the mutual obligations and relationships between the customer and the manufacturer.

5.2. Contract forms are printed by the manufacturer on the basis of the attached standard contracts (see appendices 4 and 5), taking into account the specifics of a particular type of equipment and work conditions.

5.3. Payments to the customer for work performed must be made according to bilateral acts in accordance with the cost of installation supervision (adjustment supervision) according to the current price lists for installation (adjustment) of equipment or according to the prices of the manufacturer’s planned calculation.

The cost of installation supervision (adjustment supervision) is determined based on the duration of installation supervision (adjustment supervision) of this type of equipment, the composition of installation supervision (adjustment supervision) personnel and the cost of a man-day of supervision personnel approved by the Ministry of Energy and agreed with the customer ministry, calculated according to the existing methodology of the USSR State Construction Committee.

The duration of installation supervision is determined:

regulatory deadlines for installation of equipment of the customer ministry;

duration of equipment assembly into enlarged blocks (40% of the standard installation duration);

the duration of the supervisor’s stay during preparatory and commissioning work, as well as during the preparation of technical documentation (20% of the standard duration).

The cost of a man-day of chief staff is determined on the basis of the existing sizes at the time of conclusion of the contract wages supervisory staff, general plant overhead costs, the amount of social insurance contributions and savings.

An example of an estimate for installation supervision is given in the recommended Appendix 6. An estimate for installation supervision is drawn up similarly to that specified in Appendix 6, taking into account the specifics of adjustment work.

5.4. The basis for calculations are the invoices of the manufacturer with the attachment of bilateral certificates of completion of work.

The forms of the interim and final acts for the performance of work under the contract, as well as the act for the performance of work by the supervisory staff on a one-time (not provided for in the contract) call from the customer are given in recommended appendices 7 and 8.

5.5 Payment for repeated calls of supervisory personnel, as well as for days of downtime and delays not due to the fault of the manufacturer and its supervisory staff, must be made according to the prices of the manufacturer’s planned calculation.

5.6. The basis for financial documents is the time sheet of the supervisory staff or technical reports (interim for work performed, completion of installation or commissioning of equipment), which are drawn up in any form depending on the specifics of the equipment.

5.7. If it is necessary to extend the period of installation supervision and commissioning supervision, the contracting parties may enter into an additional agreement for the continuation of work, under which the customer pays the contractor expenses in excess of the amount provided for in the contract. The additional agreement comes into force after its acceptance by the relevant financial authority.

5.8. Payment of the manufacturer's invoices must be made by way of acceptance within the time limits specified in the current regulatory documents of the USSR Ministry of Finance.

6. CLAIMS, DISPUTES, SANCTIONS

6.1. The procedure for resolving mutual claims of the parties regarding the execution of contracts for installation supervision and commissioning supervision, provided for by current legislation, is specified in Appendices 4 and 5.

6.2. Sanctions for non-fulfillment (delay) of contractual obligations of each party are determined by the agreement (see appendices 4 and 5) on the basis of current legislation.

APPENDIX 1 (for reference). TERMS

ANNEX 1
Information


Term	Definition
Customer	An enterprise (organization) that enters into contracts for installation supervision and commissioning of equipment
Manufacturer	An enterprise (production association) that manufactures and supplies equipment to the customer and which (within the framework of the relationship under this standard) in accordance with the contract undertakes the obligation to carry out supervision of installation (supervision) of the equipment supplied to it
Installation organization	A specialized organization (customer's contractor) carrying out installation work
Commissioning organization	A specialized organization (contractor) performing work on setting up and testing equipment
Installation work	Equipment installation work (including preliminary assembly of parts and assembly units at the installation site), as well as pre-start operations (washing, purging, equipment testing)
Commissioning works	Work ensuring the preparation and commissioning of installed equipment
Material and technical conditions	Availability of a project for the production of installation work, completed, agreed upon and approved in accordance with the requirements of the building codes and regulations of the USSR State Construction Committee (CHiP), part III; Availability of complete documentation for the work; Availability of qualified work force for uninterrupted installation work; Readiness storage facilities and equipment storage areas; Readiness of the construction part of the facility to begin installation of equipment in accordance with the requirements of the work organization project (WOP); Readiness of living and working premises for supervisors
Readiness of the construction part	The combination of the following conditions: Readiness of buildings or structures for work in accordance with the requirements of SNiP, part III and the work organization project; Readiness of foundations and bases for installation of main and auxiliary equipment; Readiness of floors, platforms, fences, stairs provided for by the POR; The readiness of lifting mechanisms, documented by the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor or by the customer's inspector in accordance with the requirements of the "Rules for the design and safe operation of lifting cranes" approved by the USSR Gosgortekhnadzor; Readiness of lifting roads and mechanisms for delivery of equipment from the unloading point (warehouse) to the installation site; Readiness of the premises required to accommodate technical and maintenance personnel, for storing technical documentation, tools and auxiliary materials; Preparedness of the workshop, as well as premises for monitoring incoming instruments, automation and control equipment; Readiness of the power and lighting electrical networks (illumination of equipment installation sites, corridors and passages for personnel must comply with SN 81-70 "Guidelines for the design of electric lighting construction sites Gosstroy of the USSR"), compressed air supply systems at a pressure of at least 6 kgf/cm, technological and drinking water, as well as communication systems
Equipment supplied (scope of delivery)	Equipment supplied to the customer directly from the manufacturer in accordance with specifications or specification standards
Supervised installation	Technical guidance and supervision carried out at all stages of installation work, monitoring compliance with the requirements of the manufacturer, as well as resolving all technical issues that arise during the work on equipment within the scope of supply of the manufacturer, with the preparation of the relevant technical documentation
Shefnaladka	Technical management of a set of works to ensure the operability of equipment within the scope of delivery of the manufacturer, its fine-tuning and adjustment in order to confirm the guaranteed technical and economic indicators in accordance with the standards of technical conditions or technical specifications, as well as supervision of pre-start and start-up operations, testing of equipment and its development at the customer’s site in accordance with the manufacturer’s documentation
Chief staff	Manufacturer's specialists sent to the customer's site to carry out installation supervision and commissioning
	Control carried out by the developer or manufacturer over the correct execution of work regulated by technical documentation, as well as issuing the necessary explanations to organizations (enterprises) that carry out the specified work, resolving technical issues at the work site, making necessary adjustments to the technical documentation
Technical Guide	Issuance of qualified technical instructions for installation, commissioning, commissioning and operation of equipment in accordance with the requirements of the technical documentation of the organization (enterprise) that developed this documentation, monitoring their implementation and compliance with the methods and sequence of work
Serial equipment	Equipment manufactured under mass production conditions in periodically repeating series according to design documentation, specified based on the results of manufacturing and testing of the prototype
Chefremont	Technical consulting, designer's supervision and resolution of technical issues in the process of performing medium and major repairs on equipment supplied by the manufacturer with the preparation of relevant technical documentation

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

APPENDIX 2 (recommended). NOMENCLATURE OF INSTALLATION SUPERVISION WORK CARRIED OUT BY MINENERGOMASH ENTERPRISES ON MAIN AND AUXILIARY ENERGY EQUIPMENT

1. WORK COMMON TO ALL TYPES OF ENERGY EQUIPMENT

1.1. Familiarization with the project of organization and production of work.

1.2. Assisting the customer in completing technical documentation for the supplied equipment from the manufacturer.

1 3. Monitoring the storage of equipment by the customer, checking its condition before installation.

1.4. Monitoring the installation of anchor parts, supporting and load-bearing structures, checking the readiness of foundations and building structures for installation of equipment.

2. INSTALLATION SUPERVISION OF STEAM AND GAS TURBINES AND TURBOCOMPRESSORS

2.1. Installation of steam turbine condensers

2 1.1. Monitoring the assembly and welding of capacitor housings.

2.1.2. Supervision of installation and rolling of condensate pipes.

2.1.3. Supervision of the connection of condensers to the exhaust pipes of the LPC, the installation of atmospheric valves, the connection of turbine and station pipelines to the condenser.

2.2. Installation of steam cylinders and gas turbines, turbochargers and superchargers

2.2.1. Supervision of the installation of foundation frames and their filling with concrete.

2.2.2. Control over the enlargement of turbine unit assembly units (from delivery units).

2.2.3. Monitoring the installation and alignment of cylinders and bearing housings.

2.2.4. Technical supervision of all fitting work.

2.2.5. Technical guidance for installing diaphragms and seal rings.

2.2.6. Technical guidance for the installation and alignment of turbine and turbocharger rotors, supercharger (for gas turbines and gas pumping units), checking the clearances of the flow path, checking the alignment of the turbine with the generator (drive machine).

2.2.7. Technical guidance for the assembly and closing of cylinders and bearings, installation of the turning device.

2.2.8. Technical guidance for the installation of stop and control valves, shut-off valves (dampers), bypass pipes and receivers.

2.2.9. Monitoring the installation of gas turbine combustion chambers.

2.2.10. Monitoring the connection to the turbine unit of steam extraction and reheating lines of steam turbines, piping of gas turbines and superchargers, including the air intake device.

2.2.11. Supervision of the application of thermal insulation, installation of sheathing and implementation of noise reduction measures.

2.2.12. Supervision of preservation and re-preservation of assembly units and parts of a turbine unit.

2.3. Installation of the control system

2.3.1. Supervision of oil pump installation.

2.3.2. Technical guidance for the installation of regulators and servomotors.

2.3.3. Monitoring the installation of turbine protection.

2.3.4. Technical guidance for the inspection of stop, control and shut-off valves.

2.3.5. Supervision of installation of devices within the scope of supply of the manufacturer.

2.4. Installation of the oil system and hydraulic lifting of the rotors

2.4.1. Monitoring the installation of equipment (tanks, pumps, oil coolers).

2.4.2. Control over the manufacture and installation of oil pipelines.

2.4.3. Participation in hydrotesting, cleaning and pumping of oil pipelines.

2.5. Installation of other auxiliary systems of steam turbines

2.5.1. Supervision of the installation of regeneration system equipment (HPH, HDPE, condensate coolers), as well as deaerators, network water heaters, electric generator gas cooling water coolers.

2.5.2. Monitoring the installation of ejectors and pipelines of the vacuum system, heating systems for flange connections and seals of the turbine unit.

2.5.3. Supervision of the installation of separators-steam superheaters, condensate and separator collectors, pipelines of the steam reheating system (for nuclear power plant turbines).

2.6. Installation of auxiliary systems of gas turbines, turbochargers, superchargers

2.6.1. Supervision of installation of fuel treatment and fuel supply systems for gas turbines.

2.6.2. Supervision of the installation of air coolers for turbochargers and gas coolers for pumping units.

2.6.3. Supervision of installation of gas injector sealing system.

2.7. Setup and testing

2.7.1. Supervision and technical management of flushing (pumping) and purging of pipelines and overflow pipes.

2.7.2. Technical guidance on steam turbine vacuum system tightness testing and vacuum test kit.

2.7.3. Technical guidance for setting up a steam turbine condensing unit.

2.7.4. Technical guidance for setting up and turning on the turning device.

2.7.5. Technical guidance for setting up the oil system and hydraulic lifting of the rotors and monitoring the quality of the oil.

2.7.6. Technical guidance for setting up and testing the steam, gas, fuel distribution control system for turbine protection, axial shift relay.

2.7.7. Supervision of the adjustment of the regeneration system and steam reheat system (for nuclear power plant turbines).

2.7.8. Inspection of the air supply tract of a gas turbine before its start-up.

2.7.9. Technical guidance for setting up non-standard instrumentation and automation.

2.7.10. Adjustment of nozzles of combustion chambers of gas turbines.

2.7.11. Technical supervision of testing the turbine unit at idle and under load, checking and adjusting vibration to PTE standards, participation in checking the noise level.

2.7.12. Technical supervision of turbine testing during the 72-hour comprehensive unit testing.

3. INSTALLATION OF HYDROTURBINES

3.1. Preparatory work

3.1.1. Control over the installation and concreting of foundation and embedded parts.

3.1.2. Impeller assembly.

3.2. Turbine installation

3.2.1. Monitoring the installation and concreting of the spiral chamber and impeller chamber.

3.2.2. Monitoring the assembly of the guide vane and installation of the impeller.

3.2.3. Technical guidance for fitting work.

3.2.4. Monitoring the installation of the oil pressure unit and control system.

3.2.5. Monitoring the installation of protective devices, automation and instrumentation.

3.2.6. Monitoring the installation of turbine valves, water pipelines and other auxiliary equipment.

3.3. Commissioning works

3.3.1. Technical guidance for setting up and testing the oil pressure unit, as well as control and protection systems.

3.3.2. Technical management of the setup and testing of all auxiliary mechanisms and automation equipment.

3.3.3. Technical guidance for turbine trial runs.

3.3.4. Checking load shedding, adjusting the synchronous compensator mode.

3.3.5. Determination and adjustment of the optimal combinatorial characteristics of rotary-blade turbines.

3.3.6. Monitoring the operation of the hydraulic turbine during a 72-hour comprehensive testing.

3.3.7. Checking the condition (inspection) of individual assembly units and parts of the turbine, flow path, and auxiliary equipment.

4. INSTALLATION SUPERVISION OF STEAM BOILERS AND HIGH PRESSURE STEAM GENERATORS (HPG)

4.1. Installation of boiler units

4.1.1. Technical guidance and control over the enlarged assembly into mounting blocks.

4.1.2. Technical guidance and control over the installation of a screen system with burner devices and stiffening belts.

4.1.3. Technical guidance and control over the installation of screen heating surfaces, ceiling screens, transition flue surfaces.

4.1.4. Technical guidance and control over the installation of convective heating surfaces and suspension systems.

4.1.5. Technical guidance and control over the installation of air heaters, bypass boxes and seals.

4.1.6. Technical guidance and control over the installation of drums and the assembly of intra-drum devices.

4.1.7. Technical guidance and control over the installation of pipelines within the boiler unit, including the ignition unit.

4.1.8. Technical guidance for the installation of pulse safety devices of the boiler unit.

4.1.9. Technical guidance and control over the installation of the bypass system.

4.1.10. Technical guidance for the installation and monitoring of steam superheat temperature control devices.

4.1.11. Technical guidance and control over the installation of fittings, cleaning devices for heating surfaces and air heaters, ash collection and slag removal devices.

4.1.12. Control over the connection to the boiler unit of steam, water, gas-air, fuel, purge, drainage and other communications installed according to the project of the general designer of the unit.

4.1.13. Technical guidance and control over the installation of the frame and metal structures of the boiler unit and regenerative air heater.

4.1.14. Monitoring the installation of stairs and platforms for the boiler unit and RVP.

4.1.15. Monitoring the implementation of bricklaying and insulation work.

4.2. Features of installation of high-pressure steam generators CCGT

4.2.1. Control over the assembly of HSV from supplied blocks and installation of the drum.

4.2.2. Monitoring the installation of HSV piping pipelines and connecting recirculation pumps.

4.3. Installation of draft machines (smoke exhausters, fans, blowers)

4.3.1. Monitoring the installation of anchor parts and support frame.

4.3.2. Monitoring the installation of the housing.

4.3.3. Monitoring the assembly and installation of the rotor.

4.3.4. Monitoring the alignment of the rotor of a machine with an electric motor (or drive turbine).

4.3.5. Control of bearing assembly.

4.3.6. Monitoring the installation of the oil system and cooling water system.

4.3.7. Supervision of the application of heat and sound insulation.

4.3.8. Adjustment of regulation (guide vane).

4.3.9. Monitoring test runs and operation of the draft machine during a 72-hour comprehensive testing of the unit, participation in checking vibration and noise levels.

4.4. Installation of coal grinding equipment (mills, fan mills, etc.)

4.4.1. Monitoring the installation of anchor parts and supporting structures.

4.4.2. Monitoring the installation and assembly of the main elements of the coal grinding plant (electric motor, gearbox, the mill itself, bearing blocks, separators), and the alignment of the rotors.

4.4.3. Checking the operation of the coal grinding plant according to the following criteria: coal grinding fineness, power consumption, productivity of coal and drying agent, noise and vibration levels, metal consumption of wear elements per ton of ground coal.

Checking repair operations to replace wear elements (on head samples).

4.4.4. Supervision of the installation of raw coal feeders and other equipment for dust preparation systems supplied by enterprises of the Ministry of Energy.

4.5. Testing the boiler unit (steam generator)

4.5.1. Participation in trial and inspection hydrotesting of the boiler unit.

4.5.2. Participation in post-installation washing of pipe elements of the boiler unit (steam generator) and monitoring its quality.

4.5.3. Technical guidance for checking gas density and test runs of the boiler unit (steam generator), adjusting pulse safety devices. Control of temperature expansion of boiler (steam generator) elements.

4.5.4. Technical management of RVP trial runs and monitoring them, participation in the adjustment of its seals.

4.5.5. Monitoring the operation of the boiler unit (steam generator) during a 72-hour comprehensive testing of the unit and participation in its commissioning.

5. INSTALLATION SUPERVISION OF NPP REACTOR UNITS

5.1. Work on the reactor shaft volume

5.1.1. Technical guidance and control over the installation of embedded and supporting parts of the mine volume.

5.1.2. Technical guidance and supervision of the assembly, welding and installation of the reactor support metal structure.

5.1.3. Technical guidance and control over the installation of thermal insulation of the lower part of the reactor.

5.1.4. Technical guidance and control over the installation of channels and drives of ionization chambers (IC).

5.2. Installation of the reactor vessel and internals

5.2.1. Participation in the inspection of the reactor vessel before its installation and supervision of its installation.

5.2.2. Technical guidance and control over the welding of pipes and internal parts to the reactor vessel.

5.2.3. Technical guidance and control over the installation of biological protection and thermal insulation of the pipe area.

5.2.4. Technical guidance and control over the installation of internals, checking the straightness of the channels of the reactor control and protection system (CPS).

5.3. Installation of the upper block and control rod drives

5.3.1. Participation in the inspection and testing of CPS drives on a special slipway.

5.3.2. Technical guidance and control over the installation of the upper block, checking the straightness of the control rod channels.

5.3.3. Technical guidance for the installation of CPS drives and position sensors, connection of the drive cooling system, installation of a temperature control system and monitoring them.

5.3.4. Technical guidance and control over the installation of thermal insulation of the upper block and pressure ring.

5.4. Commissioning work on the reactor

5.4.1. Technical supervision of the reactor main connector seal and monitoring of equipment operation during circulation flushing, hydrotesting and hot running of the primary circuit.

5.4.2. Participation in equipment audits.

5.4.3. Monitoring the operation of equipment during physical and power startups of the reactor.

5.5. Installation of equipment for reactor refueling, fresh fuel preparation and spent fuel holding

5.5.1. Technical management of the installation of nests in the inspection shaft of internals and the upper block, in the spent fuel pool, control installation of equipment in these nests and monitoring them.

5.5.2. Technical guidance and control over the installation of grids for storing spent fuel in the spent fuel pool.

5.6. Installation of steam generators (SG) and volume compensators (CV)

5.6.1. Technical guidance and control over the installation of embedded parts of SG and KO supports.

5.6.2. Technical guidance and control over the installation of SG, CO.

5.6.3. Technical guidance and control over the welding of pipelines to SG and KO, electric motor blocks to KO.

5.6.4. Participation in internal inspections and hydrotests of SG and CO, in special leak testing welds SG heating surfaces.

5.6.5. Technical guidance and control over the installation of thermal insulation and cladding of the area of KO electric heater blocks.

APPENDIX 3 (recommended). NOMENCLATURE OF COMMISSIONING WORK CARRIED OUT BY MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES OF MINENERGOMASH ON MAIN ENERGY EQUIPMENT

________________
* See clause 1.7 of this standard.

1. ADJUSTMENT OF TURBINE UNITS
(steam turbines for thermal and nuclear power plants, gas turbine and hydraulic turbine)

1.1. Author's supervision of the temperature state of steam intake elements, turbine housings and bearings, the relative expansion of rotors and cylinders of steam and gas turbines, and the vibration state of all types of turbines.

1.5. Participation in testing new elements, mechanisms and non-standard devices.

1.6. Debugging, static and dynamic testing of control systems for all types of turbines.

1.7. Adjustment (together with the commissioning organization) of the turbine operating instructions and its start-up and shutdown schedules (based on the results of commissioning and testing of the prototype), linking them with the operating conditions of the turbine as part of the unit.

2. ADJUSTMENT OF BOILER UNITS

2.1. Participation in setting up the combustion regime and drawing up temporary regime maps.

2.2. Participation in checking the temperature state of heating surfaces (radiative and convective).

2.3. Participation in checking the hydraulic stability of once-through boilers or the reliability of circulation in the circuits of drum boilers.

2.4. Technical guidance for setting up and testing devices for cleaning heating surfaces.

2.5. Participation in testing the start and stop modes of the boiler unit.

2.7. Technical guidance for setting up RVP.

2.8. Participation in determining the actual resistance of the gas-air path of the boiler unit.

2.9. Participation in setting up and testing of head coal grinding equipment.

2.10. Participation in setting up and testing separation devices of drum boilers.

2.11. Adjustment (together with the commissioning organization) of the operating instructions for the boiler unit (steam generator) and its start-up and shutdown schedules (based on the results of commissioning and testing), linking them with the operating conditions of the boiler as part of the unit.

3. ADJUSTMENT OF NPP REACTOR UNITS

3.1. Technical management of the control assembly of the reactor at the customer's site.

3.2. Technical management of testing of control rod drives at the customer's stand and checking their performance at the reactor.

3.3. Technical guidance for testing the functionality of the movement mechanisms of ionization chambers.

3.4. Technical management to ensure operability of: in-reactor control systems; a wrench for sealing the main connector of the reactor; volume compensators; tanks of the emergency cooling system of the reactor core; filters of the primary circuit bypass cleaning system.

3.5. Technical assistance in setting up electrical equipment: reactor, wrench for sealing the main connector, universal traverse, electric heaters of the volume compensator.

3.6. Technical assistance in setting up and testing steam generators.

3.7. Participation in the consideration of the results of audit and control of metals of reactor plant equipment.

3.8. Strain and thermometering of the vessel and other elements of the reactor.

3.9. Technical assistance in conducting hydrotests and circulation flushing of the primary circuit.

3.10. Technical assistance in conducting the first audit of the reactor.

3.11. Technical guidance for preparing the reactor for cold and hot run-in of the primary circuit, technical assistance in running-in.
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Drawing up and subsequent filling out an estimate is rightfully considered the most important stage of any construction or repair work. In most cases, the design of a building or structure is completed by drawing up estimate documentation. In the case of performing small amounts of work, for example, repair or finishing, when the project is not being developed, an estimate is also necessary. This is explained by the fact that it serves as initial information for the development of many related necessary and important for effective organization work documents, in particular, a work schedule and a delivery schedule for the necessary materials and mechanisms.

Drawing up estimates will become a much simpler process if you entrust this task to professionals.

Form and sample estimate for work

Essentially, the document in question consists of two parts:

calculation of direct costs, which are determined based on 2001 prices and are converted into current prices by multiplying by the corresponding price increase index, established quarterly. Direct costs consist of the following elements:
- Cost of materials;
- basic salary of workers;
- costs for EMM (operation of machines and mechanisms necessary to perform work), including salary for machinists;
- calculation of overhead costs and estimated profit, made taking into account the standards in force at the time of drawing up the estimate.

Disadvantage this method is that the 2001 prices used when using it quite often do not take into account the realities of today, since at the time of compilation many technologies and materials simply did not exist. However, for the construction of budget facilities and most private large construction projects, there is no alternative to the base-index method today.

How to make an estimate for a job

As an example of a simplified form of an estimate for the renovation of a room, you can give the following table.

Name of works	Price per unit	Cost of work
Dismantling partitions
Removing the balcony door
Construction of partitions from foam blocks
Plastering partitions and walls
Putty, primer and painting of plastered surfaces
Balcony door installation
Plastering door and window slopes
Putty, primer and painting of window and door slopes
TOTAL according to estimate		139 080=

The importance of competent preparation and execution of estimates

As already noted, filling out an estimate allows you not only to get an approximate amount that construction or a certain amount of work will cost. This value is necessary to determine the contract price of an object or stage of work, both for the customer or investor, and for the contractor, that is, the direct manufacturer.

But in addition to this direct functional purpose, a competent and modeled estimate will allow you to plan the work in such a way that it is completed as quickly as possible and at a lower cost. In addition, the estimate also helps determine the need for necessary materials, which, in combination with the work schedule, will allow us to develop a delivery schedule.

Main objectives of the estimate

Developing and filling out an estimate allows you to solve three most important tasks at once, always facing any contractor and customer:

determining the cost of construction or carrying out any work. In modern conditions, the estimated price is the most important parameter, vital for all participants in the construction process. The customer is interested in not overpaying, and the contractor is interested in receiving a decent reward for the work. A well-prepared estimate allows you to take into account the wishes of both parties and get an amount that suits everyone;
development of a calendar plan. The timing of the construction of a building or the completion of any work is often no less important to the customer than its cost. The timely delivery of the object and, naturally, the receipt of remuneration, possibly with a bonus, depend on this. An estimate for work, made according to the sample, provides builders with all the necessary information to develop a schedule;
development of a materials supply schedule. When the estimate is filled out correctly, the need for materials and mechanisms becomes clear, which, in combination with the calendar plan, makes it possible to draw up another document that is important for the smooth work of builders - a materials supply schedule. Working efficiently construction organizations do not purchase materials for the entire facility at once - this simply freezes money that could be much more efficiently spent on something more important this moment, and also requires significant costs for warehousing, etc. Also, any downtime of equipment and workers is extremely unprofitable, which is fraught with equally serious additional costs.

As a result, we can say the following: drawing up an estimate allows you not only to understand the cost of construction or a separate stage of work, but also to effectively plan their implementation.

Base-index method of drawing up and filling out estimates

There are several different methods for generating estimated costs. When constructing large objects, when filling out estimates takes place as part of project development, the base-index method is almost always used. In this case, the estimate standards of 2001 and conversion indices to current prices are used for calculations.

Simplified estimate form

Quite often, especially when construction or repairs are carried out on a self-employed basis or on small projects, a simpler estimate form is used, which consists only of calculating direct costs. It contains a list of the scope of work and prices for them, which can be divided into the same components as in the version described above: salary of workers, cost of materials and, if necessary, costs of machinery and mechanisms. In this case, the estimate form, after it has been completed and filled out, will look as shown in the following photo:

When drawing up and filling out such a simplified version of the estimate, the contractor’s profit is established on the basis of his negotiations with the customer or construction investor.

Form of object estimate for work performance

Quite often, especially when constructing large objects, several so-called local estimates are drawn up at once, that is, separate calculations for each type of work performed. In this case, to obtain the total cost of construction, they are combined into a general object estimate, a sample form of which is shown in the following photo.

Object estimate

Drawing up and filling out a project estimate allows you to bring together all the information about the facility under construction, even when individual stages of its construction are carried out by different contractors. Often local estimates are also calculated by them. Therefore, summarizing all the disparate data is extremely important for any customer or investor.

Programs for drawing up and filling out estimates

Currently, there are many programs that are used in preparing estimates. With some degree of convention, they can be divided into two groups:

Free. They are posted online on thematic resources. Are freely available.

Professional. Used for work by specialists. To use, you must purchase a distribution kit of the service product.

In the first case, there is no particular need to describe programs, since they appear almost constantly, having similar parameters:

the ability to perform the simplest calculations;
lack of updating of regulatory frameworks (if they exist at all);
minimal functionality.

Professional estimate programs are used much more actively, since without them it is almost impossible to compile high-quality documentation for any large object. The most popular products at the moment are the following:

GRAND Estimate

According to experts, the most widely used estimate program. Its advantages are the ability to automate the entire complex of estimate work, the efficiency of making changes to regulatory framework and effective technical support of the product.

Smeta.ru

The only program that really competes with the GRAND Estimate described above. The main advantage of the product is its ease of use, which allows you to work with it without having the professional knowledge of an estimator.

1C: Contractor (or 1C: Construction Organization Management)

These programs are not purely budgetary. However, they are quite popular due to the fact that 1C is used to maintain accounting at the vast majority of Russian enterprises, including construction ones. The software products in question help to draw up the necessary estimate documentation; as a bonus, they are integrated into unified system management of the company's work.

Turbo estimator

The program is easy to learn and use, yet has quite serious functionality. It is not used as often as compared to GRAND Smeta and Smeta.ru.

WinSmeta, Rick and Bagheera

Software products whose peak popularity is in the past. However, a certain amount professional estimators still continue to use them, which is explained by a number of undoubted advantages: wide functionality, editing capabilities, adjustments, etc.

Basic mistakes when drawing up estimates

There are several main types of errors that occur when drawing up and processing estimates in practice. The most typical are the following:

Error 1. Insufficient detail or excessive enlargement of the estimate. Any well-written estimate must contain full list and the volumes of work performed and, accordingly, prices for them. In practice, often the customer and the contractor, having found out that the price level suits both parties, agree on the cost of a stage of work, for example, the renovation of one room. As a result, in fact, we get a situation where the actual amount of work performed does not coincide with what was initially expected. The result is a conflict situation, since it is not clear how to evaluate the increase or decrease in cost of work;

Error 2. Inaccurate accounting of volumes. The basis for the construction estimate must be a correctly and accurately compiled bill of quantities; in the case of repairs, a defective bill of quantities. In both situations, the result of drawing up the estimate depends on the correctness of their preparation. An error at first can lead to a fairly serious distortion of the final cost of the calculation, since in most cases multiplication occurs by various indices and prices, so the magnitude of the error increases all the time;

Error 3. Incorrect application of prices contained in GESNs and TERs. One of the main problems of the basis-index method, the most common in real life, which was mentioned above, is the discrepancy between the available types of work and those that are encountered in practice. Therefore, quite often it is necessary to use the existing prices “as applicable”. This is a special term coined by estimators for similar situation. The more “as applicable” prices are used when filling out an estimate, the more likely it is that the final figure will be incorrect. Naturally, it is worth taking into account the fact that customers try to use low “applicable” prices, and contractors, on the contrary, are the most profitable.

In any case, the preparation and execution of estimates should be considered an important and extremely necessary preparatory stage of any construction in modern conditions. It is better to entrust its implementation to professional and trained estimators, which will not only create the optimal cost of work for the customer and contractor, but also organize their effective implementation in a timely manner. as soon as possible and at the lowest possible cost.

Estimate for installation supervision (Estimate for equipment repairs)

Estimate form for installation supervision

ESTIMATED FOR INSTALLATION _________41717-02RE___________________

Name of equipment

LLC "West Ural Crane Plant"

and the manufacturer

Initial data, justification, calculation, cost items	measurements
Standard installation duration Based Agreement No. 37 dated 01/01/2011 Name approved customer document
Duration preparatory work By installation supervision (preparation of technical documentation, coordination of schedules, etc.), 40% of the standard duration.		B=0.4A
Duration of commissioning and commissioning work with documentation, 20% of the standard duration.		V=0.2A
Total duration of installation supervision (based on paragraphs 1, 2, 3,)		D=A+B++B=1.6A
5. The number of supervisory personnel accepted based on the type of equipment and experience in installation supervision of the enterprise by category: chief of brigades team leader Art. chief engineer chief engineer
6. Cost (based on price tags or departmental unit prices for installation) one man-day of seconded chief staff:
chief of the chief brigade team leader Art. chief engineer chief engineer
7. The total duration of work in which there is no The presence of supervisory personnel of the relevant categories is required: chief of the chief brigade team leader Art. chief engineer chief engineer		ABOUT N = N D ABOUT H = H D ABOUT WITH = C D ABOUT Sh = Ш D
8. The cost of participation of the chief staff in the chef- chief of the chief brigade team leader Art. chief engineer chief engineer		U N = C N ABOUT N U H = C H ABOUT H U C = C WITH ABOUT WITH U W = C Sh ABOUT Sh
9. Total cost of installation supervision works		I=U N +U H + +U WITH +U Sh

Conclusion

An overhead crane as a whole is a system that consists of non-repairable and recoverable elements. The former, in the event of a failure, cannot be restored during operation (for example, a steel rope, a rolling bearing), the latter, after a failure, can be restored and put back into operation (for example, brake linings, gear coupling halves).

Reduction of repair time and simplification of crane maintenance occurs due to: standardization and normalization of components and parts; the use of more durable and wear-resistant materials; simplification of the crane design; installation of safety and warning devices; highly qualified and industrial training service personnel.

Reconstruction, repair and installation of the crane using welding, as well as the adjustment of safety devices must be carried out by organizations that have a permit (license) from the Gosgortekhnadzor authorities.

An organization carrying out repairs, reconstruction and installation using welding must have technical specifications containing instructions on the metals and welding materials used, methods of welding quality control, standards for rejecting welded joints and the procedure for accepting individual components and finished products, as well as the procedure for registering operational documentation.

When supplying equipment, specialists from Neftegazinzhiniring LLC perform supervision of installation and supervision of adjustment of electrical equipment and automation devices. Installation supervisor and commissioning supervisor are a complex of organizational and technical services aimed at carrying out necessary work taking into account the characteristics of the construction site and the specifics of the equipment supplied by the contractor.

All work is carried out in accordance with:

OST 108.002.128-80 "Installation supervision and commissioning of power thermal and hydromechanical equipment. Basic provisions and standard contracts (with Amendment No. 1)"
GOST R 56203-2014 "Heat and hydromechanical power equipment. Installation supervision and commissioning supervision. General requirements"

This type of work is intended to ensure technical indicators equipment and checking the correctness of all necessary work by the Customer or contractor.

Among the main for the purpose of supervising installation and commissioning of equipment can be listed:

checking the compliance of the supplied equipment with the Customer’s technical specifications, operating instructions and permitting documentation RF
monitoring compliance with the correct sequence of all work and its quality
training the Customer's personnel in the rules of equipment operation
preparation of accompanying technical documentation for equipment and the automation system as a whole

A distinctive feature of these works from installation and commissioning work is that all work is carried out by a third-party contractor or the Customer’s specialists. At the same time, it is very important for subsequent reliable and safe operation facility to perform all the work correctly, efficiently, and it is the specialists who developed, designed, manufactured and supplied the automation system equipment who understand this better than anyone.

Thus, diagram of installation supervisor and commissioning supervisor operates as follows:

The customer enters into an agreement with Neftegazinzhiniring LLC for the supply of equipment. In accordance with the technical specifications of the Customer, our employees supply equipment and instruments to the site. Next, all equipment must be assembled, installed and adjusted. If a contract is concluded for the equipment commissioning supervisor, all work is carried out by the Customer or the contractor (if the contractor performs the functions of a general contractor).

At the same time, the responsibilities of the employees of Neftegazinzhiniring LLC include work* on the management of all installation and commissioning work, namely:

acceptance and verification of the initial condition of all supplied equipment for installation and commissioning work
development and coordination of the work program, its stages and timing
solution of production and financial works at all stages
training of technical personnel
participation in commissioning and operating tests and comprehensive testing
elimination of identified defects
management of the activities of personnel performing installation and commissioning of equipment
quality control over compliance with installation and commissioning technologies, as well as over the implementation of the full scope of pre-commissioning work
equipment inspection, registration necessary documents
drawing up a technical report, work completion certificates, as well as conclusions on the compliance of the actual equipment indicators with the specifications and requirements of the Customer

Determining the cost of moving equipment

The estimated standards take into account the consumption of resources for the horizontal and vertical movement of equipment and material resources necessary for installation, from the on-site warehouse (or on-site workshop) to the installation site over the distances given in the technical parts or introductory instructions of the GESNm collections.

Depending on the type of equipment, the estimated standards take into account the movement of:

horizontal: to a specific distance specified in the collection; “to the installation site”;
vertical: ±1 m - for equipment that can be installed at different elevations - depending on the project;
vertical: raising or lowering to the height specified in the collection - for equipment installed at certain, always identical marks;
vertical: “within any floor”;
vertical: “up to design marks.”

In cases where the installation of equipment requires its movement from the on-site warehouse to the installation site at distances shorter than those provided in the collection, the estimated standards for installation are not adjusted.

The following expenses are subject to additional accounting in the estimates:

horizontal movement of equipment from the on-site warehouse to the installation site beyond the distance taken into account in the estimate norm, except for cases when movement is taken into account in the estimate norm "to the installation site", but in total no more than 1500 m, except for linear structures (cable cars, etc.);
vertical movement (raising or lowering) of equipment to levels higher or lower than those taken into account in the estimate standards, with the exception of cases when the standard takes into account movement “to design levels.” If the movement is taken into account “within any floor”, the lifting of equipment from the zero mark (ground level) to the floor mark of the corresponding floor should be additionally taken into account.

The consumption of resources for moving equipment and material resources over distances beyond those taken into account in the GESNm collections should be determined according to GESNm Collection No. 40 “Additional movement of equipment and material resources in excess of those provided for in the state elemental estimate standards for the installation of equipment.”

Additional movement of equipment over a distance of less than 50 m is not taken into account.

For linear structures (cable cars, etc.) with a length of more than 1000 m, movement over an additional distance should be taken into account based on individual standards.

The costs of moving equipment over distances of more than 1500 m (with the exception of linear structures) are considered transportation costs and are taken into account in the estimated cost of the equipment.

Determining the costs of monitoring installation welded joints

Costs for inspection of installation welded joints (including preparation for inspection of welded joints and heat-affected zones, inspection of installation-welded joints using non-destructive methods, preliminary inspection of materials and equipment and operational quality control of welded joints) are taken into account in the relevant standards according to the collections GESNm-2001-06 “Thermal power equipment", GESNm-2001-12 "Technological pipelines" and GESN-2001-13 "Equipment of nuclear power plants", which is recorded in the Technical Parts, introductory instructions to departments or sections of collections.

For other types of equipment, the costs of monitoring installation welded joints of equipment, pipelines and fittings are not taken into account in the GESNm collections.

In cases where, in accordance with the design and technical documentation, it is necessary to carry out work, the consumption of resources should be determined in the estimate documentation according to the estimate standards of the GESNm Collection No. 39 “Inspection of installation welded joints”.

Methods and scope of control are adopted based on current rules, technical guidelines and instructions for monitoring installation welded joints, other regulatory and technical documentation.

The costs of monitoring installation welded joints using destructive (laboratory) methods and producing samples for testing are not additionally taken into account in the estimates (they are included in the overhead costs of contractors).

Determination of costs for installation supervision of equipment

The need for installation supervision is established by the manufacturer for particularly complex equipment in order to ensure correct assembly and normal operation during operation.

Installation supervision is carried out by engineering and technical personnel visiting the equipment installation site. The duration of installation supervision and the composition of the team of installation supervision personnel (engineers and technicians) are established by an agreed decision of the customer and the equipment manufacturer or specialized organization carrying out installation supervision.

When preparing estimate documentation, the costs of installation supervision are included in the cost of the equipment.

Determination of estimated standards for the installation of equipment not provided for in the GESNm collections

Estimated standards for the installation of equipment, including imported equipment, similar in technical characteristics, delivery conditions and installation complexity to the equipment provided for in the GESNm collection, but different from it in weight, should be determined:

if the difference in the weight of the equipment (taking into account the weight of electric motors and drives) is no more than 10% of the weight of similar equipment presented in the Collection, according to the estimated standards of the closest similar equipment in terms of weight;
if the difference in weight is more than 10% - applying the coefficients given in the table to the estimated standards of the equipment closest in weight.

To take into account the specifics of equipment installation (MDS 81-37.2004 clause 4.3.1. Table 2)

Equipment weight change factor		Equipment weight change factor	Coefficient of change in estimated norms
0,3-0,4	PV = 0.7	1,21-1,3	PV = 1.15
0,41-0,5	PV = 0.75	1,31-1,4	PZ = 1.2
0,51-0,6	PV = 0.8	1,41-1,5	PV = 1.25
0,61-0,7	PV = 0.85	1,51-1,6	PZ = 1.3
0,71-0,8	PV = 0.9	1,61-1,7	PV = 1.35
0,81-0,9	PV = 0.95	1,71-1,8	PZ = 1.4
0,91-1,1	PV = 1	1,81-1,9	PV = 1.45
1,11-1,2	PV = 1.1	1,91-2	PV = 1.5

Notes:

The coefficients of change in norms given in table. 2, apply to the consumption rates of material resources for individual testing of equipment and other purposes that are not included in the GESNm tables and are given in the appendices to the relevant collections.
If in the technical characteristics of the equipment the mass is given with the word “up to”, adjustments to the estimated mass standards are allowed only in excess last mass, and if “from” and “to” - beyond the extreme limits.
Adjustment of estimated standards by weight is not made for electrical installations (collection No. 8), communication equipment (Collection No. 10), instruments, automation and computer equipment (collection No. 11), as well as for equipment for which the estimated standards in the collection have a meter "T".

In cases where the technical characteristics of the equipment do not indicate the material from which it is made, it is accepted in the collections that the equipment is made of carbon steel or gray cast iron.

Estimated standards for the installation of equipment made of other materials, coated with special anti-corrosion protection, or with applied thermal insulation, must be determined in accordance with the instructions contained in the relevant collections of GESNm, and in the absence of such instructions - on the basis of individual estimate standards.

Estimated standards for equipment installation, technical specifications, the delivery conditions and installation method of which differ significantly from those provided for in the collections, the estimated standards for installation should be determined on the basis of individual estimate standards.

Individual estimate standards must be developed in accordance with the Methodological Guidelines for the development of state element estimate standards for the installation of equipment (MDS 81-26.2001), put into effect by Decree of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated February 28, 2001 No. 13.

Individual estimate standards for installation of equipment that meet the necessary methodological requirements are approved by the customer as part of the design and estimate documentation.

Copies of individual estimate standards with supporting materials must be submitted by customers to the Central Research Institute of Electrical and Electrical Control of the Gosstroy of Russia for consideration, systematization and subsequent inclusion as a supplement to the GESNm collections.

For types of equipment for which there are no corresponding collections GESNm-2001, it is allowed to use collections of resource estimate standards (RSN) for the installation of equipment put into effect by the State Construction Committee of Russia in the period 1993-1995. When using them, correction factors should be applied to the norms of labor costs of assembly workers and machinists and to the norms of operating time of machines and mechanisms - in accordance with Methodological recommendations on the application of differentiated correction factors for the operating time of construction machines and mechanisms and the determination of correction factors for the labor costs of construction workers, put into effect by letter of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated October 19, 1999 No. NZ-3605/10. In this case, correction factors for the same purpose should not be applied to the norms of labor costs and operating time of machines and mechanisms, given in the last paragraph technical parts collections of RSN.

The procedure for determining estimated standards for equipment dismantling

If there are no instructions in the GESNm collections on the procedure for determining estimated standards for dismantling the relevant types of equipment, the costs of dismantling should be determined depending on the characteristics of the equipment, the features of the work on its installation, as well as the further purpose of the dismantled equipment.

For light-weight, large-sized equipment that arrives at a construction site in assembled form, during the installation of which there is no welding work, dismantling costs are determined by applying to the estimated standards of labor costs for workers and the operating time of machines and mechanisms given in the GESNm collections (standards for the consumption of material resources are not taken into account ), averaged coefficients depending on the purpose of the dismantled equipment:

equipment is subject to further use, with removal from the installation site, necessary (partial) disassembly and preservation for the purpose of long-term or short-term storage - 0.7;
equipment is subject to further use without the need for storage (moved in the workshop to another installation location, etc.) - 0.6;
equipment is not subject to further use (intended for scrap) with disassembly and cutting into parts - 0.5;
the same, without disassembling and cutting - 0.3.

For complex, large-sized and heavy equipment, assembled from separate blocks and assemblies using welding operations, dismantling costs should be determined on the basis of individual estimate standards.

Individual estimate standards for equipment dismantling are developed taking into account rational technologies provided for by the work project (WPP) for equipment dismantling. The following should be taken into account:

conditions for dismantling work in operating, as well as partially or completely stopped workshops and production facilities;
the possibility of using existing technological lifting and transport machines and mechanisms or the need to use special means of mechanization and special devices;
the need to lower or raise equipment during dismantling;
methods of moving dismantled equipment outside the workshop, etc.

Individual estimate standards developed on the basis of ENiR and VNiR must take into account the labor costs of workers and machinists, the operating time of the relevant machines and mechanisms, as well as the consumption of material resources necessary for cutting equipment, conservation, etc.

Individual estimate standards are also developed for new types of equipment that are not included in the GESNm collections. By agreement with the customer, individual estimates for dismantling can be drawn up for lightweight, oversized equipment supplied assembled.
Individual estimate standards for equipment dismantling are approved by the customer as part of the design and estimate documentation.

In some cases, in the absence of the initial data necessary for drawing up an individual estimate, the costs of dismantling complex, large-sized and heavy equipment assembled from individual blocks or assemblies can be determined by agreement with the customer, using average coefficients.

Determination of the cost of equipment, furniture and inventory as part of estimates and estimates

When preparing estimates and budgets, it is recommended to separately determine the cost of:

equipment intended for production needs;
tools and equipment for industrial buildings;
equipment and inventory intended for public and administrative buildings.

Estimates and estimates for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures take into account the cost of the equipment provided for by the project (installed and not requiring installation), intended to ensure the functioning of the enterprise, building and structure and divided according to its purpose into:

technological, energy, hoisting and transport, pumping and compressor and others;
instruments, controls, automation, communications;
engineering equipment of buildings and structures;
vehicles, including rolling stock accepted on the balance sheet of the developer for transporting goods along the railway tracks provided for by the project, as well as special railway rolling stock and other types of vehicles for transporting bulk and non-bulk cargo;
machines for cleaning workshop areas;
fire extinguishing equipment;
equipment for computer centers, laboratories, workshops for various purposes, medical offices;
equipment for the initial equipment of newly commissioned dormitories, public utilities, education, culture, healthcare, and trade facilities.

In the process of drawing up estimate documentation, it is recommended to use the classification of equipment according to its types, functional purpose, manufacturing and delivery conditions, given in Appendix No. 5 to MDS 81-35.2004 as amended. From 06/01/2012

The indicated prices consist of the purchase price of equipment from the supplier (intermediary organization), transportation costs, intermediary and storage costs accepted when drawing up estimate documentation for construction.

Components of the estimated cost of equipment may include:

free (market) price for purchasing equipment;
cost of spare parts;
cost of containers, packaging and props;
transportation costs and services of intermediaries or supply and sales organizations;
kitting costs;
procurement and storage costs;
other costs attributable to the cost of equipment.

When equipment is supplied not assembled, but in bulk, its cost can be reduced, and the cost of installation can be increased accordingly.

Free (market) prices for purchasing equipment

The basis for determining the cost of equipment in the construction estimate documentation is the prices at which it was purchased from suppliers.

The purchase price of equipment can be determined based on information provided by domestic and foreign equipment suppliers.

It is allowed to determine the cost of equipment at the basic price level using wholesale price lists of the corresponding period, and in the absence of wholesale price lists - by selecting an indicator of the cost of analogue equipment with subsequent recalculation of the basic cost into the current (forecast) price level according to the corresponding indices of changes in prices for technological equipment .

It is recommended to index the cost of equipment to the current price level using appropriate indices statistical observation reported in the prescribed manner.

When carrying out reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises (shops), the need for equipment can be satisfied by dismantled equipment suitable for use.

Estimated calculations (estimates) for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures take into account the estimated cost of the tools, production and household equipment provided for by the project or RD, necessary for the initial equipment of buildings and structures of newly constructed, reconstructed or expanded enterprises.

Funds to cover the costs of tools, devices and mechanisms for equipping technological processes and production equipment in the estimate documentation are given in the estimated cost column of “equipment, furniture and inventory”, and the costs of business equipment - in the column “other costs”.

The equipment of public and administrative buildings may include standard sets of technological and laboratory equipment, instruments and equipment provided for (RD).

The inventory of these buildings includes:

production equipment, i.e. industrial items that create conditions for carrying out and facilitating technological operations (work tables, workbenches, equipment that facilitates the implementation of labor protection measures, cabinets, racks, etc.);
household equipment, i.e. office and other furniture and furnishings (tables, chairs, cabinets, hangers, wardrobes, etc.), as well as household and office items and room decoration, fire-fighting equipment, office equipment, etc.

The quantity and composition of production and household equipment are determined by design data.

Funds to cover the costs of equipment and inventory of public and administrative buildings in the estimate documentation are given in the column of the estimated cost of “equipment, furniture and inventory.”

Cost of spare parts

The estimated cost of equipment takes into account the costs of purchasing spare parts that ensure the operation of the equipment during the warranty period. It is recommended that the range and quantity of spare parts be determined by the developer of technical documentation for the equipment.

Spare parts are usually included in the equipment delivery package, and their cost is included in the purchase price of the equipment. In the event that spare parts are not included in the equipment delivery package, their cost is taken into account additionally based on the specification for spare parts at negotiated prices.

If there are no specifications for spare parts, then the cost of spare parts in estimates can be determined as a percentage of the selling prices for equipment according to the standards of the relevant federal executive authorities. In the absence of specific standards, the cost of spare parts can be taken in the amount of up to 2% of the selling prices for equipment.

Cost of containers and packaging

The cost of containers and packaging, if it is not included in the purchase price of the equipment, is taken into account additionally in the estimate documentation.

In the absence of specific data on the characteristics of the container and the type of packaging, their cost can be determined as a percentage of the cost of the equipment according to the standards of the relevant federal executive authorities.

In the absence of these standards, they are accepted in the following sizes:

for large technological equipment- from 0.1 - to 0.5%;
for machine tools - up to 1%;
for electrical equipment, instrumentation, instruments - up to 1.5%.

Cost of transportation costs and services of intermediary and sales organizations

The estimated cost of the equipment takes into account all the costs of delivering it to the on-site warehouse of the enterprise, building, structure under construction or to the installation area.

When calculating the cost of transportation costs, current tariffs for freight transportation are taken into account various types transport.

The initial data for determining transport costs may include:

type of free account included in the purchase price of equipment;
name of the point of departure and destination (railway station, pier, port);
the shortest distance, determined from reference data and railway maps (by river and sea), from the departure station (pier, port), taking into account the free type accepted in the selling price, to the destination station (pier, port) of the cargo;
conditions for the delivery of equipment from the railway station (pier, port) of destination to the on-site warehouse (type of vehicles, price of transportation along the construction line or other enterprises, distance of transportation along access railway tracks and by car);
tariff characteristics of equipment (tariff scheme number for wagonload shipment in batches, class, variety and group for loading and unloading operations during road transportation);
other data affecting the cost of transporting equipment (oversize, etc.).

If it is impossible to determine transportation costs based on calculations, these costs can be determined using aggregated indicators.
In aggregated indicators, transport costs are usually given in rubles per 1 ton of equipment or as a percentage of the selling price of equipment for certain construction sites or areas.

In the absence of departmental standards, transportation costs can be accepted in the amount of 3 - 6% of the selling price of the equipment.

Transportation costs for the transportation by water and road of large oversized types of equipment in unassembled form include the costs of adapting vehicles to transportation conditions, constructing special berths, strengthening bridges, straightening roads, moving obstructing buildings, etc.

Cost of execution design work on the development of methods for transporting unique types of oversized equipment is included in the cost of the equipment.

When equipment is received from intermediary organizations, a supply and sales markup is taken into account, set as a percentage of the selling price of the equipment manufacturer in the amount of up to 5%. The indicated markup, as a rule, includes transportation costs for delivering equipment to the consumer’s warehouse, intermediary services and other costs.

Equipment costs

The costs of completing the equipment can be taken into account in the estimated cost if the equipment is carried out by a contractor or other organization on behalf of the customer-developer.

Procurement and storage costs

Procurement and warehouse costs include costs associated with placing purchase orders, acceptance, accounting, storage of equipment in a warehouse, inspection and preparation of it for installation, as well as transferring it for installation. They are taken into account as part of the estimated cost of equipment. The amount of procurement and storage costs can be determined by a separate calculation.

For construction projects financed with funds from the state budget of all levels and targeted extra-budgetary funds, the standard for procurement and warehouse costs is accepted in the amount of 1.2% of the cost (estimated cost) of ex-office warehouse equipment at the current price level.

Other costs attributable to the cost of equipment

In accordance with the technical conditions for the manufacture and supply of equipment, the cost of equipment may include costs for:

acquisition of technological equipment, tools and production equipment for the initial equipment of industrial buildings and structures (if the above is not included in the equipment supply);
installation supervision carried out by representatives of equipment manufacturers or on their behalf by specialized organizations licensed to perform installation supervision of equipment, monitoring compliance with requirements and special conditions during installation work;
on-site finishing of large metallurgical, coal, mining and other equipment, carried out in the technological chain together with other equipment or due to the economic impracticality of constructing expensive and rarely reused stands and testing stations at manufacturing plants;
additional production (rework and larger assembly) under construction conditions of equipment, usually large and heavy, shipped to the construction site by the manufacturer in the form of individual components and parts (with the exception of additional production carried out as part of installation work);
pre-installation inspection of equipment due to violation of the warranty period or the conditions of its storage at the customer’s warehouse, organized and paid for by the customer from the reserve of funds for unforeseen work and costs;
design of equipment, individually manufactured according to special technical specifications, for which there are no standards and industry norms;
production of special equipment in an individual design, necessary for the installation of large-sized, heavy or technically complex equipment during the execution of work.

The cost of installation supervision is determined by appropriate prices or calculations and takes into account all the costs associated with its implementation.

The cost of additional production and pre-installation revision of equipment, as well as the design of individual equipment, manufacturing of special equipment for installation of equipment is determined by the estimate.

Determining the cost of tools and inventory of production facilities

Estimates and estimates for the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures take into account the cost of the tools, production and household equipment provided for by the project or RD, necessary for the initial equipment of buildings and structures of newly constructed, reconstructed or expanded enterprises.

The estimated cost is determined separately for tools, production equipment and household equipment based on standard sets of tools, fixtures and equipment for technological processes, production and household equipment and free (selling) prices, taking into account transport and procurement and storage costs.

Funds to cover the costs of purchasing tools, devices and mechanisms for equipping technological processes and production equipment in the estimate documentation are taken into account in the estimated cost column “equipment, furniture and inventory”, and the costs of household equipment - in the estimated cost column “other costs”.

Determining the cost of equipment and inventory of public and administrative facilities

Estimates and estimates for construction take into account the amounts of funds for equipment and inventory necessary for the initial equipment of newly constructed, as well as expanded, public and administrative buildings.

The estimated cost of equipment and inventory for the initial equipment of newly built, as well as expanded public and administrative facilities is determined on the basis of existing standard sets of equipment and inventory and free (selling) prices, taking into account transport and procurement and storage costs.

The composition of standard sets of equipment and inventory can be adjusted taking into account modern requirements for equipping the relevant buildings and structures and agreed upon in the prescribed manner.

From the standard sets of equipment, equipment and devices, equipment that requires installation is selected, and accordingly, in the established order, the costs of its installation are provided using collections of prices for installation of equipment or collections of resource estimate standards for installation of equipment.

As a rule, standard sets of equipment and inventory do not include:

built-in furniture (the cost of installing built-in furniture is recommended to be included in construction and installation work);
expensive items of interior decoration (carpets, paintings, etc.);
soft equipment and small household items (tableware, stationery, etc.);
special clothing for service personnel, book collections of newly created libraries, etc.

Funds to cover the costs of equipment and inventory of public and administrative facilities in the estimate documentation are given in the column of the estimated cost of “equipment, furniture and inventory.”

When drawing up installation process sheets

IN technological maps installation of equipment, the names of the installation processes performed from the moment the equipment is received at the on-site warehouse until its individual testing after installation, the physical volumes of work for the accepted units of measurement for each installation process, the names and consumption of resources and the corresponding justifications (references to paragraphs ENiR, VNiR, TNiR, etc.).

When drawing up installation flow charts, the following features must be taken into account:

1. Resource consumption (labor costs of assembly workers and machinists, operating time of machines), determined on the basis of local standards, is applied without a correction factor of 0.9.
2. The operating time of installation machines and mechanisms is taken according to the standards given in the ENiR and VNiR collections. In the absence of these standards, the operating time of machines and mechanisms is calculated by dividing the time standard according to ENiR or VNiR (excluding time standards for operations in which the corresponding machine or mechanism is not involved) by the number of workers in the link.

The operating time of machines and mechanisms established by this method is adjusted according to the work design data, taking into account the simultaneous installation of several pieces of equipment on one installation site.
The installation process sheets provide time for installation, movement and removal of manually driven mechanisms (winches, hoists, pulleys, etc.) if the specified costs are not taken into account by ENiR and VNiR.
The time spent on operating the specified mechanisms, taken into account by the overhead cost standards, is not taken into account in the installation flow sheets.

3. The consumption of material resources in installation technological maps is accepted according to approved standards. In the absence of these standards, the consumption of material resources is determined on the basis of work projects, working drawings or calculation data.

The consumption of auxiliary material resources is taken into account taking into account their turnover according to the initial conditions.

4. The average level of work is established based on the qualifications of the unit (team) of workers performing a specific type of work, taking into account specific gravity labor costs for each category.
5. Labor costs for minor (difficult to account for) work are accepted in the amount of 5% of the labor costs calculated for ENiR, VNiR and TNiR.

Classification of equipment used in drawing up cost estimates for construction

1. Equipment may include:

technological lines, machine tools, installations, devices, machines, mechanisms, devices and other devices that perform various technological processes, as a result of which energy is produced, semi-finished products, finished products are produced or their movement is ensured, as well as accompanying processes that provide automation of technological process control , communication and control functions;
sanitary equipment related to ensuring the operation of technological equipment and technological processes;
piping pipelines, pipeline fittings, metal structures, measured sections of cables with cut ends supplied complete with the main equipment;
the initial fund of tools, technological equipment and inventory necessary for the operation of the enterprises, buildings and structures being put into operation;
spare parts for equipment.

2. According to their functional purpose, when designing an enterprise, building or structure, equipment is divided into serially or individually manufactured basic technological and energy equipment with a long manufacturing cycle, as well as engineering (in residential and public buildings) and general-purpose equipment.

The main types of technological and energy equipment may include:

blast furnace, steelmaking, rolling, sintering, coking and processing equipment;
mine hoisting machines, cone crushers with a cone diameter of 2200 mm or more, large (size 3.2 x 4 m or more) ball and rod mills;
metallurgical cranes, as well as electric overhead cranes with a lifting capacity of 30 tons and above, single-bucket (with a bucket capacity of 4 cubic meters or more) excavators, continuous mining and transport equipment complexes, steam, gas, power and hydraulic turbines and generators for them, steam and hot water boilers for industrial and heating boiler houses, special equipment for nuclear power plants, power (IV and higher dimensions) transformers, stationary belt conveyors (with a belt width of 1600 mm and higher), bridge loaders for ore and coal, complete technological lines (installations, units), oil equipment, paper-making equipment, for processing polymer materials, for the production of chemical fibers, for the cement industry;
large special compressors and pumps, refrigeration compressor centrifugal blowers, oxygen installations with a capacity of 1000 cubic meters. m and above, heavy and unique metal-cutting machines;
automatic and semi-automatic machine tools, forging and stamping lines, as well as lines for foundry and woodworking;
electrothermal equipment (furnaces) of individual design, electrical machines.

The main types of engineering equipment include:

lifting and transport devices (elevators, escalators, conveyors, etc.);
energy and thermal distribution devices, water exchange and air exchange devices, etc. (power boards and cabinets, power cables, heat control units and thermal curtains, equipment for moving stages, curtains, playpens, canopies for water exchange in swimming pools and pipelines to them, air conditioners, etc.).

3. According to the manufacturing conditions, all equipment used is divided into serial and individual, manufactured in factory or construction conditions.

Serial equipment refers to equipment produced by industry (or to be produced) in small, medium or large batches according to current design documentation, norms, standards, and technical specifications.

Individual equipment includes equipment manufactured on a one-time basis, according to special technical conditions, used only due to special technical solutions in a construction project, as well as equipment that deviates from the normalized standard sizes provided for by standards or technical specifications, manufactured according to the special request of the customer, according to single orders.

4. Delivery of equipment is carried out in accordance with established requirements as a complete set, when all the necessary parts and components of this equipment are delivered to the construction site to ensure its normal operation.

The exception is cases when the supply of this equipment without individual components is provided.

According to transportation conditions, equipment is divided into:

overall, the dimensions of which are less than the maximum external outlines that determine the possibility of transportation along railway, and the mass is less than the maximum mass determined in the prescribed manner;
oversized, the dimensions or weight of which are greater established standards, even if it can be transported by water transport or by road without disassembly.

Equipment is usually supplied:

dimensional - assembled, after passing the tests at the manufacturer's plant specified by the standards or technical conditions, with the necessary protective coating (lead plating, rubber coating, etc.);
oversized - with maximally enlarged units (blocks), after passing control assembly at the manufacturer, and in necessary conditions- running-in, bench and other tests in accordance with the technical conditions for its manufacture and delivery.

5. The cost of certain types of equipment and machines, which are mobile transport units not related to production technology, is not taken into account in construction estimates. These include:

by industry" Railway transport": rolling stock (locomotives, cars of all modifications), including cars for subways under construction and in operation, containers, rail-mounted cranes, mobile traction substations and repair units, track machines and mechanisms;
in the “Air transport” industry: airplanes, helicopters, engines for them, aviation equipment of the civil air fleet;
by industry "Maritime Transport" and "River Transport": sea and river vessels of all types, containers, ferries, floating docks and cranes, dredgers and dredgers, rescue craft and boats, rigging, electronic navigation equipment (ERNO);
for the branch "Glavhydrometological service": special vessels and other vehicles of the hydrometeorological service;
by industry "Road transport": freight and cars, buses, trailers, rolling stock for joint railway-automobile enterprises, road machinery;
for the “Fishing Industry” industry: ships and containers of the fishing industry fleet;
in the "Utilities" industry: trams, buses, trolleybuses, machines for cleaning and watering streets, as well as other public utility vehicles;
in the “Construction” industry: construction machines, mechanisms and vehicles of construction and installation organizations;
by industry" Agriculture", as well as for agricultural enterprises and organizations that are part of other industries: tractors, combines and other sowing, tillage and harvesting machines, vehicles of agricultural enterprises and organizations;
in the Communications industry: cars and other vehicles for transporting mail, postal railway cars;
across all industries: power trains, mobile diesel power plants;
drilling equipment (including drilling rigs), geophysical equipment and equipment of drilling, geological exploration and survey organizations.

Terms and their definitions used in the instructions for the application of state elemental estimate standards for the installation of equipment (GESNm-2001)

Guarantee period - the period during which the equipment supplier guarantees the good quality of the supplied products with proper storage and operation in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer and is obliged to eliminate identified defects or replace products free of charge, except for cases where the defects were not caused by his fault.

Hydraulic test - testing of steam-water fittings, pipelines, containers, apparatus, equipment or its individual parts by filling them with liquid (water, non-freezing mixture, etc.) with subsequent creation of a test pressure exceeding the working pressure in the sizes provided for in the relevant chapters of the 3rd part of SNiP and THAT.

Dismantling - dismantling of equipment with its removal from the installation site and, if necessary, conservation for the purpose of moving to another installation site or replacing with new equipment during the period of reconstruction, expansion or technical re-equipment of enterprises, buildings and structures.
Disassembly of equipment with or without removal from the installation site to perform repairs (correction or replacement of worn parts) does not include dismantling of equipment.
The scope of work for dismantling equipment depends on the further purpose of the dismantled equipment. Work on dismantling equipment intended for further use may include complete or partial disassembly of the equipment and preservation of its components or parts in the case of intended long-term or short-term storage. Work on dismantling equipment that is not subject to further use due to its unusability (intended for scrap) usually includes work as a result of which it must be destroyed.

Equipment finishing - improvement of performance indicators with the elimination of design defects, minor defects, imperfections and bringing to design capacity, carried out in conditions close to operational ones, in operating modes, at the stands of manufacturers in accordance with the manufacturing specifications.
If it is impossible for the manufacturer to ensure the finishing of the equipment in conditions close to operational conditions, the finishing can be transferred directly to operational conditions.

Equipment conservation - preparation of equipment with measures to protect it from corrosion (coating with anti-corrosion lubricants) and damage (wrapping and packaging) for long-term storage in warehouses and construction sites.

Installation (working) area - the site where work is being carried out to install equipment in the design position, within which the “Unified Standards and Prices” (ENiR) movement (toeing, lifting and lowering) of the mounted equipment, installation materials and devices is taken into account. The radius dimensions of the installation area are specified in the relevant ENiR and, as a rule, do not exceed 25 m from the dimensions of the equipment.

Installation work - basic work on assembling and installing machines, units, devices and other equipment into the design position with securing it, connecting to it various communications supplying raw materials, water, steam, electricity, finished products, control and management tools.

Accessories - auxiliary components, assemblies and mechanisms supplied separately or together with the main unit of equipment, mounted on the main equipment or next to it, without which it is impossible to use the equipment for its intended purpose.

Mounted (requiring installation) equipment - equipment that can be put into operation only after assembling its individual components and parts, installing them on foundations or supports, attaching them to the floor, interfloor ceilings and other load-bearing structures of buildings and structures.
Non-mounted equipment is equipment that does not require preliminary assembly, installation and fastening on foundations or supports (cars, tractors, cars, etc.) for commissioning.

Non-standardized equipment - equipment for which there are no state and industry standards, specifications and manufactured individually according to the drawings of design organizations.

Non-standard (non-standard) equipment - equipment that is mass-produced by industry, but ordered according to special technical conditions with a partial change in characteristics, with special components, with changes in structural materials or designs of individual parts, the possibility of manufacturing and delivery of which requires prior agreement with the manufacturers.

Overall equipment - equipment, the dimensions of which are less than the maximum external outlines that determine the possibility of transportation by rail, and the weight is less than the maximum weight established by the Ministry of Railways of Russia.

Oversized equipment (large-sized) - equipment whose size or weight exceeds the standards established by the Russian Ministry of Railways, even if it can be transported by water or road transport without disassembly.

Equipment delivered disassembled - equipment supplied in maximally enlarged units, packaged in several places, the assembly of which is carried out during the installation process at the site of its installation.

Equipment delivered assembled- equipment supplied fully finished, packaged (or without packaging) in one place; installation of which consists of installation, fastening to supporting structures and testing.

Piping pipelines - pipelines mounted on equipment to connect individual devices, machine components and units to each other.

Degreasing - cleaning oxygen and other equipment (devices, containers, oxygen pipelines, compressors, pumps, etc.) from oil with special compounds in order to prevent explosions from the combination of oxygen with oil, accidents during work on chemical protection of equipment, etc.

Pre-installation inspection of equipment - inspection of equipment stored in warehouses for a long time (exceeding the warranty period) to bring it into a suitable condition. Inspection of equipment provided for by technical specifications or instructions for installation of certain types of equipment is an integral part of the installation technology.

On-site warehouse - place of storage of equipment and materials intended for one specific construction project; provided for by the approved construction organization project (POS), up to which transportation costs for transporting equipment and materials from the manufacturer or supplier are calculated. Further transport from the on-site warehouse to the installation site is taken into account by the standards for equipment installation.

Technological metal structures - products made of rolled metal that have a technological purpose, but do not participate in technological processes.

Technological equipment - machines, devices and installations that produce industrial products and carry out automatic control of technological processes.

Process pipelines - pipelines intended for transportation within industrial enterprise or a group of these enterprises of raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products, auxiliary materials that provide technological process and operation of equipment (steam, water, air, gases, refrigerants, fuel oil, lubricants, emulsions, etc.), industrial waste with aggressive wastewater, as well as recycling water supply pipelines.

pipe blanks - conventional names for the manufacture of components and other pipeline elements at manufacturing enterprises, production bases and pipe procurement workshops:
detail - an elementary part of a pipeline that does not have a connection (pipe section, tee, bend, flange, etc.), or individual products included in the pipeline structure (hardware, compensators, hangers, supports, brackets, steam-water fittings, etc.);
pipe element - part of a pipe assembly, consisting of two or three parts connected by welding or threading (pipe with a flange, pipe with an outlet, pipe with a tee, outlet with a flange. tee with a valve, outlet with a valve, outlet with a transition, pipe with two flanges , pipe with flange and outlet, etc.);
pipeline assembly - limited by transport dimensions, a part of a pipeline line, consisting of several elements and fittings assembled on detachable or permanent connections, which, in terms of size and configuration, can be installed in the design position;
pipeline section - straight assembly unit, consisting of several labors of the same diameter, limited by transport dimensions;
pipe block - several components and elements of the pipeline, enlarged before installation at the installation site;
pipeline line - a section of the pipeline connecting devices and installations, workshops and structures.

Supervised installation - technical guidance and supervision of representatives of equipment manufacturers (or employees of specialized organizations licensed to this type works and performing installation supervision on behalf of the equipment manufacturer) for compliance with technical requirements and special conditions for the installation of complex equipment.

References

MDS 81-27.2001;
MDS 81-26.2001;
MDS 81-35.2004;
SP 81-01-94;
GESNm-2001.