State budgetary general educational institution Samara region
secondary school No. 1 p.g.t. Sukhodol
Sergievsky municipal district of the Samara region
birdhouse
student 6 "G" class
Teacher: Moiseeva O.N.
Sukhodol, 2015
Introduction
1. Justification for the choice of the project topic.
2 Birds of my village
2.1 Research and development of ideas.
2.2 Terms of reference.
2.3 Information about the birdhouse.
3.1 Description and drawing of the birdhouse.
3.2 Drawing of a birdhouse.
3.3 Technological sequence of manufacturing a birdhouse.
3.4 Safety precautions when working with hand carpentry tools, power tools
4 Research section
4.1 Environmental study.
4.2 Economic analysis of manufacturing birdhouse
5. Conclusion
Get to know yourself - it's interesting!
Create yourself - it's a must!
Confirm yourself - it's possible!
Show yourself - it's real!
Project summary.
This development contains a description of the work on the project "Birdhouses near my school" and a presentation. Students of the 6th grade took part in the project. Creative activity on the project is a holiday of birds. Nature excursions and bird watching. Practical activities- construction of birdhouses. The result of the project is birdhouses as a gift to the school.
Caring for birds does not require large expenses, but only the desire of the children, their parents and teachers. April 1 - International Bird Day. Today is the time to remember and revive International Bird Day as a bright, informal event that should rightfully include the traditions of our ancestors again.
Year 6 students decided to take care of their feathered friends and actively prepare to meet them. The boys, together with their parents, made a birdhouse. The starling is one of the most familiar songbirds for city dwellers. Let's revive the tradition of making birdhouses at school and at home, hanging them all together. If a starling does not sing nearby in spring, then spring seems not quite spring ... So let's make spring!
To create favorable conditions for birds, to instill in children a sense of responsibility for life on earth, to develop sensitivity, kindness and cognitive interest of students in nature.
Introduction
Wood is one of the most common materials that a person has learned to process back in ancient times. With the help of an ax, a knife and other tools, people made houses, bridges, windmills, fortifications, tools, dishes and much more.
Today we are surrounded by a large number of wood products: furniture, musical instruments, children's toys, etc.
I consulted with my dad about what I could do with my own hands from wood. He offered to make a cozy, beautiful and neat house for birds. Birds really need houses. They will settle in new apartments, hatch chicks and feed them with pests from our garden. And the guys and I will watch them and be glad that we did good for the birds.
Target : Help the birds build their nests in the spring. Contribute to the conservation and survival of birds.To draw the attention of school students and parents to the problem of the lack of birdhouses for starlings in the village of Sukhodol.
Tasks:
Collect and study schemes and drawings for building birdhouses.
Find out the number of birdhouses in the village of Sukhodol
Learn from the labor teacher Tereshina S.M. about the technology of making a birdhouse.
Conduct daily observations of the settlement of birds in the made birdhouses.
Relevance
Spring will come, and starlings will soon arrive in our area. The students of our school take care of their feathered friends and are actively preparing to meet them. Pupils together with their parents made birdhouses. The starling is one of the most familiar songbirds. Let's revive the tradition of making birdhouses at school and at home, hanging them all together. If a starling does not sing nearby in spring, then spring seems not quite spring.The problem of nature conservation has always been and remains relevant. We believe that helping to solve this problem is a concern not only for adults, but also for us children.
Expected results
The attitude of children and adults to the problem of attracting birds in their native village will change.
The number of birdhouses in the village of Sukhodol will increase
Dates: April-May.
1. Rationale for the choice of project topic
Human life is inextricably linked with the life of birds. People have always been interested in birds. A person at least once in his life would like to fly high above the ground and look at the world from a bird's eye view. The singing of birds has always fascinated people. They are orderlies of forests, gardens, fields, destroying harmful insects, eat the seeds of weeds. That's why obere is necessarygait birds, help them in life.
Research and development of ideas
Necessary materials and tools for making a birdhouse. To get the right product, we initially began to look for the necessary material on the Internet. We were interested in the structure of the birdhouse, its aesthetic design, types of houses for different birds. How many interesting things we learned! We are still in the 5th grade, and it is very difficult for us alone to complete such a difficult task. Then we called our senior comrades for help and began to do things with them. The guys advised us to stop for now on a simple version of the birdhouse. To make crafts, we asked dad for boards and self-tapping screws, prepared a screwdriver, a hacksaw and a measuring tape.
materials
not planed dry boards, preferably hardwood (birch, aspen, alder, etc.). It is impossible to use compressed wood (chipboard, fiberboard, etc.), it is toxic and short-lived.
nails 4-4.5 cm long or screws.
Tools
wood saw;
hammer;
drill with a feather drill;
narrow chisel;
pencil and ruler;
Birdhouse dimensions
boards must be at least 2 cm thick so that the walls retain heat well;
optimal internal size: square bottom 10-15 cm.
diameter of the notch (hole) 4.5-5 cm;
the distance from the notch to the bottom is 15-20 cm;
birdhouse height 30-35 cm;
the top canopy should protrude at least 5 cm to protect the entrance from the weather.
Where and how to hang
You can hang it on a tree, a pole, a wall to a height of 3 m with a slight inclination forward so that rain does not flow into the notch, and it is easier for the birds to get out. You can hang birdhouses throughout the year, but best time end of March beginning of April. The entrance should face south, east, or southeast tothe wind did not blow into the birdhouse. We saw birdhouses in pictures, in textbooks, in neighbors' trees. From this we concluded that the bird house should be spacious, bright and comfortable for residents. The finished birdhouse will need to be hung on a tree, but not nailed to the trunk, but attached without nails so as not to harm the tree.
What to feed starlings
Starlings are omnivores. They eat both plant and animal food. Usually starlings arrive when the snow melts. At this time, they hunt for earthworms that get out to the surface of the earth, looking for insect larvae that wintered in secluded places.
If you want to attract starlings to your house while there is still not much food in the spring, or if the cold has returned to your area after the arrival of the starlings and snow has fallen, then you can arrange a feeder a few meters from the birdhouse. Although starlings predominantly feed on animal food, they will not refuse available plant foods. Starlings can, eat grain, various seeds (seeds), a variety of berries and fruits of other plants (for example, apples, pears)
How to care
Description of the birdhouse
A birdhouse can be made from wood of various species, rectangular in shape, with an inclined lid, a round notch, a wooden perch. The birdhouse will be attached with nails and wire to the tree trunk.
Product drawing
Economic calculation of material costs for the product
Determine the cost of materials needed to make a birdhouse.
The cost of wood is 50 rubles.
The cost of nails or screws - 20 rubles.
Electricity costs
Total: cost of wood + cost of nails or screws - 50 + 20 = 70 rubles
Conclusion
The birdhouse turned out to be quite spacious, comfortable. We posted it on the east side. We really enjoyed working with wood. Next year we decided to try to make a decorative birdhouse and see which house the starlings like more, simple to decorate or decorative.
Having made a birdhouse with my own hands, I learned:
What kind of wood is
How to make a birdhouse
How to hang bird houses
What to feed the birds.
Let's instill in children a love for animals and teach them to take care of nature! Hanging houses near housing - birdhouses - is an old folk tradition. Seeing a starling - spring at the porch! Let's revive good traditions. Woodwork brings joy, gives skill, makes our life more beautiful, richer.
Bibliography
1. Buzkinov M., Potapov G., - The art of woodcarving. -M.: Antiqua, 2010.
2. Glikin M.S. Decorative woodwork on machines. M.: Iskona, 2012
4. Leontiev D.P. Do it yourself. – M.: Enlightenment, 1985.
5. Logacheva L.A. Fundamentals of wood carving. M.: Folk art, 2012.
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Kosh-Agach secondary school named after V.I. Chaptynov»
Completed by: 9th grade student
Egorov V.
Leader: technology teacher
Bukhabaev E.S.
With. Kosh-Agach
2014
1. Introduction
1.1 Rationale for the choice of the project topic.
1.2 Research and development of ideas.
1.3 Terms of reference.
1.4 Information about the birdhouse.
2. Technology section
2.1 Description and drawing of the birdhouse.
2.2 Birdhouse drawing.
2.3 Technological sequence of manufacturing a birdhouse.
3. Research section
3.1 Environmental study.
4. Final section
4.2 Protection of the project.
5. Application
5.1 Types of birdhouses.
5. Literature
6.1 Journal "Young naturalist, 2006.
1. Introduction
1.1 Rationale for the choice of project topic
I decided to make a house for starlings. I love these birds. It will be good if they arrive in the spring and settle in my birdhouse. I think they will like it. After all, my birdhouse will be one of the best homes for birds. I have everything you need to make.
1.2 Research and development of ideas
Necessary materials and tools for making a birdhouse.
1. The bar is wooden.
2. Board, birch or pine.
3. Wood saw.
4. Square, ruler.
5. Pencil.
6. A4 paper.
7. Scissors.
8. File.
9. Sandpaper.
10. Drill.
11.Drill.
12. Nails.
1.3 Technological task
1. Select and study information on the topic “Birdhouse”.
2. Pick up necessary materials and tools.
3. Develop drawings of birdhouse details.
4. Describe the technology of its manufacture.
5. Make a birdhouse according to the developed drawing.
1.4 Information about the birdhouse
birdhouse - This is a room for starlings in the form of a small booth, mounted on a long pole or on a tree near the house.
Probably every schoolboy who studied at school made and hung at least one birdhouse on a tree. This business of schoolchildren was their most common contribution to zoological protection and nature conservation.
The custom to build dwellings for birds in Rus' was approved by Peter the Great. To date, more than fifty types of bird houses are known, and the most famous of them is the birdhouse.
What should be the house. Each species of bird has its own requirements for shelters where they could make a nest for themselves. Simple closed houses will attract tits, sparrows, (depending on the size of the inlet), but houses with a slightly open front wall are more suitable for robins. For starlings, a short round stick under the notch (entrance), installed perpendicular to the front wall, is useful. What can be a bird house, and how to make it, is shown in the figure.
Where to hang a bird house. The house should be hung in a protected place on a tree or on a wall, with the front facing east or southeast so that the hot midday sun does not shine inside. If you like to sleep longer, try not to hang the house next to your window - the birds wake up early and chirp loudly. Make sure the house is hanging higher
two meters above the ground and far enough away from overhanging branches and rooftops to prevent cats from reaching the birds.
2. Technology section
2.1 Description and drawing of a birdhouse
The birdhouse is made of wood, rectangular in shape. It has a sloping roof, a round notch, a landing board. The birdhouse will be attached with wire to the tree trunk.
2.2 Product drawing
2.3 Technological sequence for the manufacture of a birdhouse
1. Preparation for work and compliance with safety regulations.
2. Making templates for birdhouse parts.
3. Marking the details on the board, processed from all sides.
4. Sawing along the intended lines.
5. Assembling the body of the birdhouse.
6. Bottom fixing.
7. Installation of the roof.
8. Attachment of the landing board.
9. Fastening the bar to the back wall of the birdhouse.
10. Cleaning gashes.
3. Research section
3.1 Environmental study
My birdhouse is made of wood. Wood is a natural, pure, natural material. This material does not harm its inhabitants and the environment.
4. Final section
4.1 Analysis of the work done
Positive points | Negative points |
Materials for manufacturing are available. | On one line it was sawn off unevenly, because. little work experience. The defect has been fixed. |
Job well done. | |
I liked working with the birdhouse. | |
Manufacturing technology is feasible. | |
The birdhouse model corresponds to the choice. |
4.2 Project protection
Theme of my creative project"Starling house". It turned out cozy and beautiful. I really hope that the starlings like the house. It remains to hang it on a tree.
For the manufacture of a birdhouse, problems were solved: cut strictly along the planned lines, process a knot. I did well. I am satisfied with my work.
I hope that everyone will like my birdhouse. I have chosen a certain production option. I made the birdhouse according to my choice.
5 Application
5.1 Types of birdhouses
Operation Bird House
Bird nests
Important! To avoid injury to children, it is necessary to make and hang bird nests only together with adults!
In March, when birds begin to return from warm countries, it's time to help them with home improvement.The classic well-known birdhouse is the birdhouse. His homeland is Western Europe.
The fashion for birdhouses came to Russia with Peter the Great. Seeing birdhouses in Europe, he did not fail to introduce them in his homeland without fail.
For the manufacture of a birdhouse, any boards (except for coniferous trees) with a thickness of 15 - 25 mm will go. Plywood, fiberboard and chipboard are not suitable. They are toxic to birds. The inner surface of the birdhouse should not be polished, preferably with burrs and scuffs: on a smooth painted or polished surface, it will be difficult for the chicks, and their parents, to get out. If the boards are smooth, it is recommended from the inside, below the notch, to make horizontal notches with a chisel or knife. In addition, parents feed their chicks, clinging to the walls with their paws, hanging on them. The paws slide along the smooth surface, and the birds avoid settling in such nests.
If you want to enjoy your feathered neighbors for more than one year, you should install a birdhouse with a removable roof to inspect the house before the birds arrive and clean it from the last nest. In addition, it is better that the roof is flat with little or no slope, because. gable (like a hut) may soon begin to leak.
Birdhouses are hung at a height of about 4-6 meters, vertically or slightly tilted forward (when tilted back, it will be difficult for the birds to get out of the house, in addition, rainwater will get into the birdhouse). You need to hang birdhouses only on deciduous trees. When fixing a birdhouse on a tree, you need to make sure that the branches do not touch the front wall, otherwise cats can get to the birds.
If you want to install a birdhouse on a pole, then it is also important to protect the bird house from cats. The easiest way is to attach a plywood circle with a diameter of 45-50 cm in the middle of the pole, cats will not be able to climb on it and harm the chicks.
Scientists believe that about a tenth of all birds nest in man-made houses. We all can help our smaller brothers find a warm and comfortable house.
The sizes of birdhouses, as well as the sizes of other man-made nests (titmouses, flycatchers), may differ slightly from each other in shape and size.
Many birds love titmouses: tits, pied flycatchers, redstarts. A titmouse is a wooden house 30 - 40 cm high with a bottom area of 10x10 cm, an entrance of 2.7x3.0 cm, which is located 3 cm from the lid. It is advisable to paint the inner walls of the titmouse in a dark color. with a simple pencil- then the probability that the tit will occupy the house will increase many times over. The dark coloring of the walls for tits is a matter of survival. These birds scare away enemies that have approached the nest with a loud hiss and a demonstration of the "monster's eyes" - white spots on the head, and in the dark this is especially effective. The titmouse must definitely make a very small notch - 2.5 cm in diameter (so that large birds do not crawl through) and pour rotten sawdust inside.
Flycatcher. This is a house 10 cm high with a bottom area of 12x12 cm and a 3x3 cm entrance, which is located 3 cm from the lid. Redstarts, gray flycatchers and pied flycatchers willingly settle in flycatchers. Scientists recommend painting them from the inside with chalk in White color. Such houses are more like these birds.
All these houses should be hung at a height of 2.5 to 5 m. Flycatchers should not be hung on trees, it is better to place them on fences and buildings.
The direction of the notch is not significant, but, nevertheless, you should not hang up the nesting box towards the prevailing winds.
Remember one more subtlety - the time of hanging. In order for your houses to be populated by the right owners, you can’t hang the houses all at once. Birdhouses and wagtails are hung from March 21 to April 10, that is, according to the time of arrival of the owners, titmouse by April 15 - 20, and flycatchers will come in handy only by May 1.
The starling is undoubtedly a useful bird, but in autumn, at the time of migration and migration, a thousandth flock of these birds can cause irreparable damage to orchards and vineyards. It will probably be right if only one birdhouse is hung out for every five titmouses and flycatchers. This measure will save the birds and reduce their numbers.
The height of the birdhouse is 40 cm, the bottom area is 15x15 cm, the size of the notch is 5 cm. Starlings do not need them, but magpies and crows can use them to get to the chicks. The bottom in the houses is better to make plug-in, the lid is removable . The lid should be slightly larger than the bottom so that there are "cornices" on the sides. The visor of the lid of any birdhouse should protrude at least 5 cm to protect the entrance from windblown rain and from cats, preventing them from climbing inside the birdhouse from above.
Houses with round entrances are better inhabited by birds than houses with rectangular entrances.
DIY birdhouse - step by step construction
Let's look at how to make a birdhouse correctly using the simplest option as an example. bird house. We will get an ordinary birdhouse, the drawing of which is quite simple, so even a schoolboy can figure it out. Birdhouse - drawing
However, despite the simplicity of the drawing, there are some important nuances in the construction algorithm that you need to know. So, for work we need the following materials:
dry unplaned boards;
nails or screws;
Ruler and pencil;
wood saw;
chisel or drill;
hammer.
1. Let's start with the preparation of wooden elements of bird housing. To do this, on the prepared boards with a pencil, we mark the dimensions of the details - the bottom, roof and walls. The bottom is a square with a side of 13 cm, the height of the front wall is 32 cm, and the height of the back is 24, that is, the front board is 4 cm larger than the back - this must be taken into account so that the roof slopes back. For this, bevels are provided on the upper part of the side walls. For the roof, two parts of different sizes are prepared, which are then fastened together. One detail should be the same as the bottom, and the other a little larger to get a kind of canopy.
2. Using a hacksaw, cut our parts to size. For beauty, it is better to trim the outer surface. In the front wall with a chisel or drill we make a hole with a diameter of 3.8 cm - this is the so-called notch - the entrance to the birdhouse. In principle, a rectangular hole can also be made, but by nature, a round hollow is closer to the birds, so they are more likely to settle in a birdhouse with a round hole.
3. We put the side walls vertically and glue the front wall to their ends. We glue it very carefully so that there are no gaps either above or below. Then, after waiting for the glue to dry, we fasten the parts with nails or self-tapping screws. Next, glue the front and side ends of the bottom with glue and glue it to the front and side walls, and then additionally fix the joints with nails or self-tapping screws. Glue and nail the back wall last.
Stages of building a birdhouse
4. We fasten together the two parts of the roof. It is not necessary to nail it to the birdhouse - it must remain removable so that, if necessary, you can open and clean the bird house.
5. We nail a bar to the birdhouse, with which the house will be fixed to the tree.
6. It is not necessary to paint the birdhouse, however, if you want to make it more decorative, then choose gray or red water-based paint.
7. Here we have such a birdhouse!
The birdhouse is ready!
How to make a birdhouse with your own hands?
For the construction of a bird house, a board with a thickness of 15-20 mm and a width of 200 mm is taken. We cut it into pieces 300 mm long, which will later be used as the front and rear walls of the birdhouse.
On the front wall, retreating 40-50 mm from the top, a hole is drilled - a notch, the diameter of which is 28-100 mm, depending on which birds will live in the birdhouse.
It often happens that when drilling a wooden board either cracks or breaks into two parts. This is not a reason to throw away the material, it is enough to fasten the board with transverse strips from the outside.
Then you should start cutting out the side walls of the bird house, their size should be 150x300 mm, we prepare the bottom of the birdhouse with a size of 150x150 mm, and also cut out a longitudinal bar, the width of which is 50 mm and the length is 700 mm.
For the installation of side walls, edged boards with a width of 140-160 mm are also suitable, in which case the area and configuration of the birdhouse floor will change. Instead of a square one, it will become rectangular and acquire dimensions of 140x150 mm or 140x160 mm.
The roof of the birdhouse must be made in such a way that it protrudes 50-60 mm above the front. In this case, when it rains, water will not get into the entrance. To do this, the cover must be sawn with a length of 250 mm.
In addition, the so-called sleeve should be nailed to the lid - a square board with a size of 150x150 mm. It is fastened in such a way that the layers of its wood fall across the layers of wood of the lid itself.
Firmly entering the birdhouse, the sleeve should firmly hold the lid. Two thin bars with a cross section of 30x30 mm can no less effectively replace a wooden sleeve. This cover can be easily removed if needed.
Having prepared all the details of the structure, you can begin to assemble it, adhering to the following work order. First, the side walls are nailed to the wooden bottom of the house, after which the back and front are attached.
When twisting the walls of the birdhouse, do not use too many screws. Enough 2-3 pieces for each side of the board. It is necessary to tighten the screws, retreating from the end by 30-50 mm so that the boards do not split. It is better to use screws with a length of 50-60 mm.
Large gaps formed during the assembly of the house must be caulked with cotton wool, tow, or rags. You can also smear with clay or putty. Small gaps located on the side walls and at the bottom do not need to be sealed, they will provide ventilation for the bird house.
How to make a birdhouse
To make one birdhouse you will need:
1. Materials:
edged board (thickness 2-2.5cm, width 20cm, length 80-100cm) - 1 piece
edged board (thickness 2-2.5cm, width 15cm, length 80-100cm) - 1 piece
self-tapping screws (length 45-50 mm, 20 pcs), nails can be used
steel wire 1 mm in diameter, about 1 m long (for hanging the house)
two or three trimming boards or blocks (needed to secure the treehouse)
simple pencil
square
hacksaw with medium tooth
drill or milling cutter for wood with a diameter of 50mm
wood drill 4mm diameter
Phillips screwdriver (or drill and Phillips screwdriver)
hammer
The procedure for manufacturing birdhouse parts:
You need to make 7 parts of the following sizes:
from a board 20 cm wide - parts 25-30 cm long - 3 pieces (front and back walls and the top of the birdhouse cover)
from a board 15 cm wide - parts 25-30 cm long - 2 pieces (side walls of the birdhouse)
from a board 15 cm wide - parts 15-16 cm long - 2 pieces (the bottom of the birdhouse and the lower part of the lid).
Important! Please carefully calculate the length of the last two parts - it depends on the thickness of the boards you have chosen to make the house!
The length of these parts = 20 cm - (2 x the thickness of the boards).
1. Using a square and a pencil, mark out the part of the birdhouse.
2. Then saw off the part using a hacksaw.
The marking and sawing off of the parts must be done sequentially so that the paired parts are the same size.
3. A hole should be drilled in the front wall - a notch with a diameter of 50 mm. The starling will enter its house through this hole.
To prevent the cat from reaching the nest with chicks with its paw, the hole must be located at a distance of 5 cm from the upper edge.
4. In the front and back walls of the birdhouse, drill holes with a diameter of 4 mm for self-tapping screws around the entire perimeter of the wall at a distance of 1 cm from the edge. Enough 2-3 holes per side.
Birdhouse assembly order:
1. Screw the front wall to the right side wall of the birdhouse.
2. Screw the back wall to the left side wall of the birdhouse in the same way.
3. Connect the resulting two parts with self-tapping screws to each other, be sure to try on the bottom of the birdhouse and the bottom of the lid.
4. Replace and secure the bottom of the birdhouse to all four walls.
5. Connect the bottom of the birdhouse lid to the top. The center of the lower part must be offset from the center of the upper part by 5 cm to make a visor.
6. Insert the cover into the body of the birdhouse and secure it from the sides.
Since the birdhouse needs to be cleaned of old nests, it is enough to fix the lid with only two self-tapping screws.
Preparing the birdhouse for mounting on a tree:
1. Screw one self-tapping screw into the side walls at the level of the tap hole (one into the left wall and one into the right) so that the wire can be fixed behind them.
3. Cut a piece of wire equal to the perimeter of the tree + 15 cm.
4. Bend loops at the ends of the wire.
5. Prepare wire pads. They are needed so that the wire does not cut into the bark of the tree, as the tree grows and the trunk increases in girth. Instead of a barrel, the wire will cut into special linings.
6. Hang the birdhouse on the tree by attaching the loops of wire to the self-tapping screws and installing the lining.
Useful tips when designing a birdhouse.
Birdhouse boards should be at least 1.5 cm thick, best of all - 2-2.5 cm
From the outside of the house, the boards can be planed, but from the inside they cannot be processed: on a smooth surface, it is very difficult for chicks, and even adult birds, to get out. If the boards turn out to be smooth, then before assembling the house on its front wall - from the inside, below the entrance - it is necessary to make horizontal notches with a chisel or knife.
It is advisable to make the roof removable in order to inspect the house before the arrival of birds and clean it from the previous nest. It must be strengthened so that neither the wind nor the crow could bring it down. The most rational roof is flat with a slight slope back. Gable (like a hut) will start to leak faster
To fasten the walls and bottom, it is better to use screws. A plank is nailed to the back wall, with which the nesting box is attached to a tree or pole.
The sequence of assembling the house: the side walls are attached to the bottom, then the front bar and, finally, the back. We must try to make the house firmly knocked down, without cracks. And remember that you are making these houses for the birds! Originality and creativity, of course, are always held in high esteem, but the birds will not understand this, moreover, a too bright, artsy house can simply frighten them away.
"Starling - starling"
Compiled by: educator
Kuzmina Ludmila Petrovna
The relationship of man with nature and its inhabitants is a topical issue of our time. It is feasible if every child has a sufficient level of ecological culture, ecological consciousness, the formation of which begins in early childhood and continues throughout life.
In urban conditions, there are very limited opportunities to communicate with nature, therefore, one of the important tasks of working on the formation of ecological culture is the acquaintance of children with natural objects the nearest environment.
Who: animals or birds do we most often see in our cities and forests? Of course, birds. Here, in the city, birds live side by side with us and delight us with their singing and colorful outfit.
As part of the international day birds, which is celebrated on April 1, we decided to dedicate our project to the starlings that come to us in the spring.
PROJECT PASSPORT
Project type: educational and creative.
Project duration: 3rd-4th week of March - 1st week of April.
Project participants: children of the younger group (3 - 4 years old), group teacher, parents.
Subject of study and creativity: starling, birdhouses.
Objective of the project: To clarify and expand the children's understanding of the starling, the house for the starling - the "birdhouse".
Project objectives:
Create conditions for the formation of children's cognitive interest in starlings;
Introduce children to special migratory birds- starlings;
Cultivate a caring attitude towards birds.
Expected result:
To expand and deepen the knowledge of children about such a migratory bird as a starling;
To develop interest and cognitive skills through joint creative activities of children and parents;
To form parents' interest in the problem of the ecological development of their children;
Cultivate respect for birds.
Project products:
- The book "All about starlings ...".
- Birdhouses.
Stages of project implementation:
- Preparatory (determining the goals and objectives of the project, drawing up a plan).
- Main (implementation of the project plan).
- Final (summarizing the results).
Stages of project implementation | Project activities | Implementation timeline |
|
Preparatory | Development of a project implementation plan. Drawing up summaries of events | Design and systematization of activities for the implementation of the project | 3rd week of March |
Selection of illustrative material | Equipping the object-spatial environment of the group. | 3rd week of March |
|
Acquaintance of parents with the project plan. | Involving parents in project activities, defining their role in this project | 3rd week of March |
|
Basic | Integrated lesson "A house for a starling" | Acquaintance of children with a migratory bird - a starling. To cultivate a caring attitude towards birds, the ability to take care through creative activities | 4th week of March |
Compilation of the book "All about starlings ..." | Collection of information with poems, riddles, proverbs about the starling. | 4th week of March |
|
Determine the best places to place birdhouses around the territory of the kindergarten | 4th week of March |
||
Introduction to reading fiction: A. Barto “A tall maple awaits guests ...”. | To expand the ideas of children about the starling, the house for the starling - the birdhouse. | 4th week of March |
|
Final | Action "Each starling - a palace" | Cultivate a caring attitude towards birds, teach them to express their concern for them in useful activity | 1st week of April |
Project applications:
- Synopsis of the integrated lesson "House for the Starling". creative works children.
- Synopsis of the target walk "Where to hang a house for a starling?".
- Summary of introduction to reading fiction:
- The book "All about starlings ...".
- Photo report from the action "To each starling - a palace".
A. Barto "A tall maple awaits guests ...".
Municipal preschool educational institution
kindergarten combined type "Rainbow"
Abstract
integrated lesson on the theme "House for the starling"
for children of the younger group
Compiled by: educator
Kuzmina Ludmila Petrovna
Integrated lesson "A house for a starling"
in the younger group
Target: continue the formation of ideas about birds in children
- Development of memory, attention, observation,
- Develop the ability to compare the starling with other birds;
- To form in children an idea of \u200b\u200ba starling;
- The development of coherent speech of preschool children,
- Enrichment of the children's vocabulary - children should learn the concepts: the arrival of birds, breeding chicks, caring for them, human help.
- Education of curiosity, the desire to help and take care of living beings, i.e. birds.
- Cultivate a good attitude towards all living things, a sense of empathy.
Integration of educational areas: Social and communicative development, Cognitive development, Artistic and aesthetic development, Speech development.
Methodical methods:
- summarizing conversation-dialogue,
- game situation,
- physical minute,
- looking at the pictures and then talking about them,
- productive activities of preschoolers,
- reflection.
Teacher: Spring has come. The sun warms, the first thawed patches appear on the hillocks. Streams run along the roadsides. At this time, messengers of spring return to their native lands from distant lands.
Guesses a riddle:
There is a palace in the courtyard
A singer lives there.
Very clever fellow
And his name is ... (Starling)
Educator: Our feathered friends will arrive. Starlings will settle in birdhouses, hollows. Arriving home, the starlings sit on the trees and sing merrily. The birds are starting to nest.
The child recites the poem "Starling"
The starling is smaller than the crow,
But more sparrow -
He is from a birdhouse as from a balcony,
Sings like a nightingale!
The teacher puts up a picture of a starling. Children describe the starling from the picture. (Large, beautiful bird with black plumage, starling long beak, which helps to get worms.)
Fizminutka
We got up early today.
Waiting for the birds yesterday.
Security walks around the yard
Drives cats out of the yard.
We wave our hands to the starlings
Drum and sing:
Live in our house
Well you will be in it!
Educator: What do people do when they expect birds in the spring?
Children: people make birdhouses and hang them on trees.
The teacher shows the children a birdhouse, they examine it. A birdhouse is a bird house for starlings in the form of a small booth that needs to be hung in a protected place on a tree or on a wall. In the birdhouse, the starlings hatch their chicks. The house should hang high so that the cats cannot get to the chicks.
Application "Birdhouse"
(from ready-made forms) with musical accompaniment
Work methods:
1. Examining the sample.
2. Recall what parts the birdhouse consists of?
3. Offer to lay out the birdhouse on the table.
4. Performance of work by children.
At the end of the lesson, all the children's work is reviewed.
Municipal preschool educational institution
Kindergarten of the combined type "Rainbow"
target walk
"Where to hang a house for a starling?"
Compiled by: educator
Kuzmina Ludmila Petrovna
Target walk "Where to hang a house for a starling?"
Goal and tasks:
- consolidate knowledge of the names of trees growing in the immediate environment from kindergarten
- develop a cognitive interest in the natural world.
- develop cognitive activity in the process of observing objects and natural phenomena.
- learn to choose the intended places for hanging birdhouses;
- continue to acquaint with the life of birds in the spring;
- to form the skills of environmental protection, environmentally competent and safe behavior for nature and for the child himself.
- cultivate love and caring attitude towards birds.
Methodical methods: observation, story, conversation.
Dictionary activation: high, safe, birdhouse.
Preliminary work: the teacher's story about the starling, about hanging houses for starlings, reading fiction, birdhouse application.
Progress of the walk
Before going for a walk, the teacher says to the children: Today we will walk along the street. She is beautiful and wide. There are many trees growing on the street. We will walk along the sidewalk. We will go in pairs one after another, without interfering with passers-by. On the street, you need to behave culturally: do not shout, talk calmly, do not point the finger.
Educator: Drops fall from the roof,
Everywhere smells of spring.
The sky seems higher
The forest air is louder.
Guys, the trees will soon wake up, leaves will appear on them, and now buds are swelling on the trees.
Those little buds
Spring will print.
And while the leaves are sleeping in them
And grow during sleep.
See how many trees grow near the kindergarten. What trees do you know? Children name the trees they see (birch, maple, poplar, spruce, linden). The teacher asks to show these trees: Tell me, what tree do you see? Run quickly to the tree.
Mobile game "Run to the tree."
Rules of the game: the child names the tree. After the teacher’s words “Run to the tree!” children run to the named tree.
With the approach of spring, titmouse no longer fly to the feeder, only sparrows and pigeons remain. To learn to establish the simplest connections in nature - the sun warmed up - grass appeared - birds flew in. Migratory birds will fly to us. Who visits us in the spring? What birds did you see in the trees? (children's answers)
Watch for migratory birds.
Remember and describe the starling: A large, beautiful bird with black plumage, the starling has a long beak, which helps to get worms.
Guys, we made an application with you - a house for a starling, at home you and your parents make large wooden birdhouses. You and dads will hang birdhouses on trees near the kindergarten. Let's remember how to weigh a birdhouse?
Children's answers: you need to hang it in a protected place on a tree, high, so that cats do not get close.
The teacher suggests looking for tall trees for hanging birdhouses.
After identifying trees for birdhouses, children return to kindergarten.
A tall maple awaits guests -
The branch house is fortified.
The roof is painted
There is a porch for singers...
In the blue sky, chirping is heard
A family of starlings is flying towards us.
We got up early today
Waiting for the birds yesterday.
Security walks around the yard
Drives cats out of the yard.
We wave our hands to the starlings,
Drum and sing:
- Live in our house!
Well you will be in it!
The birds began to approach
Arrived at the yard
We couldn't resist
Chorus shouted: - Hurrah!
Amazing thing:
The whole family is gone!
An interesting observation: there are much fewer birds outside the city than in the city. Why is that? It turns out that in the city for birds there are many secluded places. But the most frequent refuge is Through a narrow gap near the lamp, the bird squeezes inside. Here, having descended along the trunk of the pipe, she builds her nest on a coil of wires. Can you imagine the conditions under which a bird lives, a small fighter against plant pests? But a person is able to thank the winged helpers, but how? Build which will be larger than the lantern pipe.
Construction materials
To determine how to build a birdhouse for starlings, you need to select the appropriate material. Wooden boards of exclusively hardwood species - birch, alder, aspen are best suited for construction. Coniferous wood is not recommended. It releases a resin that makes the surfaces of the birdhouse sticky. Not suitable for plywood bird house. It does not retain heat well, making the new building very cold. And it practically does not miss sounds that are very important for birds, especially in case of danger. Pressed wood (fiberboard, chipboard) releases toxins, so it is generally not suitable for a birdhouse.
Birdhouse drawing
A correctly calculated and drawn scheme will greatly simplify the construction process. Therefore, before building a birdhouse, the drawing must be made taking into account all the necessary dimensions. The optimal height of the house for the starling is 35 cm. For the bottom, you will need a blank in the form of a square with a side of 16 cm. The letok should be 5-6 centimeters in diameter. Important! Before building a birdhouse, the dimensions should be checked several times. If the proposed living space seems cramped to the birds, they will simply bypass your new building. However, it is not worth chasing large sizes. Otherwise, offspring grown in too spacious apartments will be sickly and weak.
Step-by-step instruction
Creating a simple birdhouse does not require much skill or experience with wood. The main thing is to use the drawings correctly. If you are building a birdhouse for the first time, then the question naturally arises: how to build a birdhouse in stages?
The image shows a diagram of a traditional durable house, known to everyone since childhood.
The sides of the roof are different. One should be longer by the thickness of the board to cover the edge of the first. After all, a birdhouse should not only be practical, but also have an excellent appearance.
After all the blanks are cut out of the board, be sure to check whether they make up the birdhouse correctly. If all the previous tips were taken into account, then there should be no problems when assembling the house.
It is best not to drive nails, but to drill small holes. The nail may not properly enter the wood, then the sharp edge will stick out in the birdhouse, making the housing unsafe for birds. Or maybe even split the wood. To make the drilling process as safe as possible, fix the wooden parts in several C-clamps. Before using nails or screws, be sure to glue the edges of the sides with a good
After assembling the frame, you should take up the round entrance. For such purposes, there is a special drill. It drills a hole very quickly and accurately. Such a notch will turn out with smooth edges, and therefore does not need additional grinding.
If there is no such drill, drill several holes inside the circle, and then cut out the desired notch with a jigsaw. Not bad for this purpose is suitable brace.
There is another method on how to make a notch. But it assumes a frame that has not yet been assembled. The front board can be divided in the center into two halves. Quite easily, with the help of a chisel, the necessary half-holes are cut down. You can connect both halves with the help of spikes - nails with broken off hats.
The next step is the installation of the roof.
Under the entrance it is necessary to place a stick 1.5 cm thick - a porch. Too large a porch will invariably attract crows and jackdaws to the birdhouse.
Types of houses
It is customary to call any birdhouse a birdhouse, although it is not built for starlings alone. Other birds also need housing. How to build a birdhouse for birds depends on the characteristics of future residents. For example, housing for titmouse is built with a height of 25-30 cm. The bottom should be a square with a side of 10-12 cm. The notch for tits is 30-35 mm in diameter.
Wagtail housing requires a completely different design. The bird itself does not have sufficient paw tenacity, so it needs a certain ladder in front of the house. And you need to have such a house under the roof, approximately at a height of three to five meters.
Pika feels more comfortable in a house with two through holes. They are located on the left and right. Such additional entrances allow the bird to escape in time if a predator attacks the housing.
decorative houses
Fans of original solutions can dream up a little. It is enough to decorate the birdhouse quite a bit, and it will take on a truly fantastic look. The birdhouse, stylized as a village house, looks original. For birds, it does not matter how the housing looks from the outside. The main thing is to keep it warm and dry inside. And the designer will bring a lot of pleasure to decorate the homes of birds.
If desired, it is easy to build even apartment house. Several families will settle in such a birdhouse at once, which will greet the rising sun with a ringing joyful chirping. In this case, there will be no difficulties how to build a birdhouse. The photo below clearly illustrates the process.
The house can differ significantly in shape. An interesting solution is housing in the form of a rhombus. However, the question arises - is it convenient for birds?
It is up to you to decide: how to build a birdhouse, the size and decor of which completely depend on the intended tenants and your skills.
Most the best option housing for birds - a wooden birdhouse. It is warm, and the birds in it feel like in the hollow of a tree. However, not everyone has the opportunity to build such housing on their own. In this case, improvised materials will help out.
A beautiful birdhouse is obtained from a log. The core can be selected with a chisel. It remains only to drill a hole for the entrance and think over the roof.
Housing for birds can be built even from ordinary plastic bottle. But such a house must be insulated. You should tie the bottle round with warm ropes or even tie a tight case. And do not forget about the sharp cuts of the hole. It is better to paste them around the perimeter with adhesive tape.
How to install a birdhouse?
So, in theory, you already know how to build a birdhouse, but an important point in creating housing is the correct installation of the house.
Most often, a birdhouse is nailed to a long pole, which is then screwed to a tree with wire about 5-7 meters from the ground. Hang the house slightly tilted forward, then rainwater will not flow into the housing for the birds. It is worth considering the direction. The letok should go south or east.
House protection
Everyone knows that cats are excellent hunters. They are so dexterous that they can catch a bird even on the fly. Based on this, it is necessary to protect the birdhouse as much as possible from the teeth and claws of a predator. Place a circle of plywood in the middle of the pole, parallel to the ground. The diameter of the circle should be 45-50 cm. Cats will not be able to overcome such an obstacle, and the chicks will remain safe and sound.
Before building a birdhouse, be sure to dry the material. raw wood it will dry out very quickly, and the house will become uninhabitable.
At the bottom of the birdhouse, it’s good to pour a small layer of earth, peat and sawdust. Such a layer should be no more than 5 cm.
It is very easy to make the roof removable. Then, when cleaning the house, when the tenants leave their homes in the fall, there will be no particular difficulties. To do this, nail a thick board from the inside of the roof, which will enter the house, like a cork in the neck of a bottle.
Instead of a conclusion
Knowing how to build a birdhouse, it is not difficult to calculate the size of future housing. With the help of such a house, you can not only alleviate the fate of birds, but also get rid of plant pests. One brood of starlings is enough to protect plantings from thousands of May beetles and larvae in just 5 days! And the birds will bring the greatest joy to children. After all, what is familiar and understandable to adults is a window into wonderful world wildlife!
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