What category does the specialist belong to? What categories of personnel and their management structures exist? Workers and employees

These are also support staff. Its representatives work in procurement or service shops.

Employees. Their activity is mainly mental in nature. The result of their work is the identification of management problems, the formation of new information flows, the adoption various solutions in the field of management. An example of this category could be accountants, lawyers, and managers. Employees are further divided into three categories. These are the managers of the enterprise itself or its divisions. This group also includes deputy managers. These are specialists: engineers, economists, accountants. The third group is the employees themselves (junior technical staff, accountants and clerks).

Difference between specialist and employee

OKPDTR consists of two sections: classifier of workers' professions; classifier of employee positions, which contains positions of managers, specialists and employees. 33. Workers include persons directly involved in the creation process material assets, as well as those engaged in repairs, movement of goods, transportation of passengers, provision of material services, etc.
In OKPDTR, the professions of workers are listed in section 1. Workers, in particular, include persons employed: 33.1. management, regulation and monitoring of the operation of machines, automatic lines, automatic devices, as well as directly managing or servicing machines, mechanisms, units and installations, if the labor of these workers is paid according to tariff rates or monthly salaries of workers; 33.2.

5. categories of personnel

Li-Lu Belarus, Minsk #8 February 18, 2010, 14:17 Irina, there is a position “Secretary”. According to the category of the position, it belongs to the “other employees” (category code according to OKRB - 3). The position “Reception secretary of the head” belongs to the category of “specialists” (category code - 2). Yes, in qualification requirements according to the ECSD (ETKS are the professions of workers), for positions belonging to the category of other employees there is no requirement for special education: general secondary education and special training according to the established program are sufficient.

Whereas for positions classified as specialists, the minimum requirements are secondary specialized education. I want to draw the moderator's attention to this message because: A notification is being sent...

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POSITIONS OF MANAGEMENT AND ENGINEERING TECHNICAL WORKERS OF DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, TECHNOLOGICAL AND SURVEY ORGANIZATIONS

Chief designer of the project
Chief Project Engineer. The chief architect of the project
Chief landscape architect of the project
Head of the design department
Head of the department (bureau) for registration of design materials
Head of the drawing and copying bureau
Head (leader) of a brigade (group)
Chief specialist in the main department (architectural and planning workshop)
Lead designer
Design engineer
Architect
Landscape architect
Design technician
Designer draftsman

Employees of the profession

Attention

There are people who call themselves specialists, and there are those who prefer to call themselves employees. What can both of them do? The content of the article

Definition
Comparison
Table

Definition The term “specialist” is a very capacious one.

It can be understood as a person who is well versed in a particular area - due to extensive experience or education. There are also official definitions of the term. For example - if we're talking about on the qualification “specialist” indicated in the diploma after 5 years of study at the university.

Many employees of Russian offices work in specialist positions. At the same time, their areas professional activity can be very different.

There are consulting specialists information technology, HR, financial matters. It is extremely rare, however, that workers and engineering professions are called specialists.

Only unofficially.

Workers and employees

Head of Public Relations Department
Sales Manager
Head of Social Development Department
Head of Standardization Department
Head of Planning and Economic Department
Boss production department
Head of the repair shop
Shift Supervisor
Head of Technical Department
Head of Financial Department
Head of economic department
Head of the central plant laboratory
Head of workshop (section)
Head of pilot production workshop
Head of the legal department
Work foreman (foreman)
Head of the group for inventory of buildings and structures
Department manager (farm, agricultural plot)

What categories are the personnel divided into?

Classification of enterprise personnel Personnel are divided into categories depending on specific characteristics. Let's look at them in more detail:

Property relations.
There are owners (founders) of a legal entity. They own a share of the enterprise and profit from its activities. There are also hired employees.
Degree of involvement in production activities. Production personnel involved in activities directly, non-productive - indirectly.
Place of main service. Employees may or may not be on the staff of the enterprise.

Some employees differ from others in the specifics of their activities and the characteristics of their labor relationships with enterprises.

Industrial and production personnel

The industry employs engineers, designers and designers. The service sector is represented by IT specialists and managers.

Teachers, lecturers and graduate students are employed in the field of education. Cashiers and salespeople work in trade. Professions related to employees As mentioned above, the professions of specialists and employees are aimed at ensuring the functioning of the state apparatus, providing services to the population and maintaining the economy.

Employment is characterized by creative and intellectual, non-physical stress. The work requires high qualifications, an analytical rationalization mind, and erudition confirmed by a university diploma.
Often, having a diploma is not enough and the applicant is required to have a master's or postgraduate degree.

What is the difference between specialists and employees?

To ensure the life of the country, it is necessary to ensure the stable operation of all industries. These are the national economy, law enforcement agencies, the socio-cultural sphere, environmental and educational institutions and political organizations. To organize the execution of the functions of these devices, specially hired employees work; who belongs to them, a list of professions is presented in this article. They coordinate social and financial processes, deal with issues of law and order, health care and education.

Managers include employees holding positions of heads of enterprises and their structural divisions. The position in OKPDTR, which has a category code of 1, refers to managers.

Managers, in particular, include: directors (general directors), chiefs, managers, managers, chairmen, commanders, commissars, foremen, work performers at enterprises, structural units and divisions; main specialists: Chief Accountant, chief dispatcher, Chief Engineer, chief mechanic, chief metallurgist, chief welder, chief agronomist, chief geologist, chief electrician, head economist, Chief Researcher, Chief Editor; state inspectors. The category of managers also includes deputies for the positions mentioned above. 35.

The director of the branch itself also has a receptionist secretary, and she had the same questions today. It’s true that the manager’s secretary has only a secondary education and has 20 years of experience; in the economic planning department she was told that she could only be an employee, because...

she does not have higher or secondary education.

The number of employees is about a thousand. Why then is she being pushed into the office? I want to draw the moderator's attention to this message because: A notification is being sent...

Lelya Belarus, Minsk #7 February 18, 2010, 2:15 pm Irina, in fact, you should not have been made the secretary of the manager’s reception office, but since your contract specifically states the SECRETARY OF THE MANAGER’S RECEPTION ROOM, then the payment should be appropriate (I already wrote about this) . Regarding the secretary at the branch, the situation is similar to yours. Since they called it “Secretary of the manager’s reception”, then you have to pay accordingly.

How do specialists differ from employees?

Irina Belarus, Soligorsk #3 February 18, 2010, 13:37 I work in the state. organization, at the thermal power plant from RUE "Minskenergo" I want to draw the moderator's attention to this message, because: A notification is being sent... Lelya Belarus, Minsk #4 February 18, 2010, 13:49 Irina wrote: I work in the state. organizations, on

CHPP from RUE "Minskenergo" in this case, Irina, you cannot be the reception secretary of the head - you do not actually perform the functions provided for this position. Your position is secretary, i.e. an employee, and accordingly is no different from a secretary-typist. The director of the branch is considered the manager, and your mini-CHP is just a workshop like any distribution network.

The head of the mini-CHP is not even a director, but just a boss. Therefore, please clarify what your position is called (as stated in the contract) - I’m sure it’s secretary.

To organize the execution of the functions of these devices, specially hired employees work; who belongs to them, a list of professions is presented in this article. They coordinate social and financial processes, deal with issues of law and order, health care and education.

When performing their work duties, employees must comply with the legislative interests of those whose service their work is aimed at. This requires ensuring the qualifications of personnel, providing tools for intelligent production and regulating the product of services, as well as defining working hours.

Workers and white-collar professions

There are a number of differences that the performance of work has according to the professions of workers and positions of employees. The main feature of a clerk position is that the work hours are clearly defined, usually from 9 to 6, rather than in shifts. The place of work also differs - for employees it is an office. The product of employee labor is mental, which can only be assessed by a specialist with the same qualifications.

Employees of the profession are

Employees are knowledge workers. If we talk specifically about what professions employees are, they are often employed in the fields of management, industry, education, trade and the service sector. Employment in such a social group requires a higher specialized education and a creative approach to accomplish current tasks.

You can give a list of white-collar professions. Top managers and officials are hired for public administration. The industry employs engineers, designers and designers. The service sector is represented by IT specialists and managers. Teachers, lecturers and graduate students are employed in the field of education. Cashiers and salespeople work in trade.

Professions related to employees

As mentioned above, the professions of specialists and employees are aimed at ensuring the functioning of the state apparatus, providing services to the population and maintaining the economy. Employment is characterized by creative and intellectual, non-physical stress.

The work requires high qualifications, an analytical rationalization mind, and erudition confirmed by a university diploma. Often, having a diploma is not enough and the applicant is required to have a master's or postgraduate degree.

To solve public problems in public sphere impeccable knowledge of laws is required, for employment in the field of education - knowledge of pedagogical methods, and when working in the social sphere - organizational skills and personal responsibility. In other words, the position of an employee is a high-status job with high requirements for candidates.

Employees of the profession - list

There is a unified classifier of white-collar professions in the form of the ECSD directory. The list of workers' professions and office positions includes 35 issues. It includes the following positions in various variations:

agents;
educators;
duty officers;
cashiers;
commandants;
controllers;
medical personnel;
educators;
operators;
security guards and caretakers;
secretaries;
police officers and detectives;
taxi drivers and forwarders.

Profession civil servant

Just as the professions of workers and the positions of employees differ, the position of a civil servant is also distinguished. Such people work in various ministries and in government institutions. Their job is not to sell services, but to control this process. They are guided exclusively by legal norms.

The working day of a civil servant includes several mandatory stages:

maintaining correspondence and studying current news;
making important decisions;
control over the actions of subordinates;
participation in events.

Municipal employees professions - list

Municipalities employ specialists with higher education in the specialty “Municipal and public administration" However, depending on the size of the staff, individuals may also be involved narrow specialization. According to Federal Law 131, these are accountants, managers of medical and social sphere, OT and sports specialists, lawyers, economists and architects. In some municipal institutions Journalists are hired to communicate with the public. Industry-wide white-collar professions such as document clerks and secretaries are also often in demand.

All employees of enterprises are divided into two groups: workers and employees.

Workers(workers of mass professions) this is the largest group, which is divided into workers in basic work and auxiliary work. Essential workers are engaged in the main production of enterprises. Support workers help key workers perform work related to the main activity of the enterprise.

By skill level, workers can be:

qualified;

low-skilled;

unskilled.

Their ratio at the enterprise depends on the types and volumes of work performed.

Employees- These are managers and specialists. Managers and specialists perform functions general management and technical guidance. Specialists include workers with higher or special secondary education. For certain professions it is required higher education. For other professions, education can be either higher or secondary specialized. Specialists are divided into categories based on their level of education.

Question 22

Labor resources- this is the part of the population capable of working (in accordance with labor legislation).

They include:

working-age population of working age (men from 16 to 59 years inclusive, women from 16 to 54 years inclusive, minus disabled people);

working teenagers under 16 years of age and persons over working age.

Difference labor resources from other types of enterprise resources is that each employee can refuse the conditions offered to him and demand changes in working conditions, and can finally resign from the enterprise of his own free will.

The concept of “personnel potential” of an enterprise should be distinguished from labor resources. Personnel potential of the enterprise- this is the most important integral characteristic of personnel, representing its maximum capabilities to achieve the goals of the enterprise and fulfill the tasks assigned to it.

Labor resources are the most important element of productive forces

Labor resources- the most important element productive forces. Demographic factors act as a function of socio-economic development and have a great impact on economic growth. When assessing the impact of population dynamics, not only the total size and growth of the population are important, but also its age structure, sectoral employment, level of education and professional training, i.e. quality work force.

The countries of Africa and Latin America maintain the highest rates of population growth (more than 1%), accordingly their share in the world population will increase. In 2004, the population of the 10 largest (by population) countries was (in million people): China - 1300, India -1070, USA - 290, Indonesia - 220, Brazil - 175, Pakistan - 148, Bangladesh - 143, Russia - 143, Japan - 127, Nigeria - 120.

The sectoral structure of employment of the population directly correlates with the structure of GDP production. So, in developed countries The vast majority of the population is employed in the service sector (60-70%), less in industrial production (25-35%) and agriculture (2-5%). In newly industrialized countries this ratio of employees by industry and economic sector is 45-55, 20-25 and 10-25%. In the majority developing countries , especially in the least developed, a significant part of the population is employed in agriculture - 30% or more, in industry - 15%, in the service sector - 35-45%.

The quality of labor resources significantly influences the rate and quality of economic growth. The productive potential of the workforce, in addition to the psychological and physical qualities of workers, includes a number of parameters that determine its suitability and ability for highly productive work. This is the level of general and special education, accumulated and passed on from generation to generation production experience and norms of cultural behavior. It is clear that the productive potential of a country’s labor resources is largely determined by the socio-economic policy of the state.

Analysis of the availability, movement and use of labor resources

Let's consider the influence of labor resources on the volume of output. Other things being equal, the volume of production will be greater, the greater the number of workers and the higher their labor productivity.

The main objectives of labor force analysis are:

consideration of indicators of the size of the workforce, its movement, composition, structure and qualification level of workers, use of working time, labor intensity of products, as well as determining the impact of changes in the number of workers on the volume of output;

study of indicators labor productivity, their dynamics, determining the influence of individual factors on changes in labor productivity, calculating the impact of changes in labor productivity on the volume of output, identifying reserves for increasing labor productivity.

Sources of information for analyzing labor resources are form No. 5 annual report"Appendix to the balance sheet", statistical reporting f. No. 1-t, “Report on the number, wages and movement of workers,” staffing tables, time sheet data, etc.

Personnel categories are a classification of employees performing hired work in accordance with the functions they perform. To characterize the totality of employees at an enterprise, the terms “personnel”, “personnel” and “work collective” are mainly used.

Main categories of personnel

All employees can be divided into the following groups: employees and workers. Employees include the following categories of employees: specialists, management and other employees who may be classified as employees. Personnel categories are distributed in accordance with the regulatory document (All-Russian Classifier of Occupations). This document contains two sections of lists: employee positions and worker professions. The first include employees who occupy leadership positions at enterprises and in their structural divisions. This category of personnel may include directors, managers, managers and chief specialists.

Workers may include persons who perform mainly the functions of physical labor and are directly involved in the creation of material assets, maintaining equipment and production premises in working order. Employees are workers who carry out training and subsequent documentation, as well as business maintenance, accounting and control.

Factors influencing personnel classification

People are the most important element productive forces and the main source of development of the entire economy. Their education, skill, training and motivation are the main tools of any production. Experts have proven that there is a certain dependence between the well-being of people and the competitiveness of the economy on the quality of the category of personnel of an enterprise and organization.

The formation of an enterprise's personnel is influenced by both internal (products, technology and production organization) and external (demographic process, moral and legal norms of society, as well as the nature of the labor market) factors. At the same time, the latter must specify the categories of personnel in terms of macroeconomic parameters: the number of working-age (active) population, its general educational level, employment level and potential labor reserve. These characteristics also determine the qualitative and quantitative parameters of labor resources.

Labor resources

This category of personnel may include the able-bodied population, which, according to physical, age and educational data, corresponds to a certain field of activity. It is necessary to distinguish between real labor resources (people already working) and potential ones (by which there is a possibility of attracting them to work).

Other classification

In general formulation, the personnel of an enterprise is a set of workers who have received the necessary vocational training, and also who have some experience.

In addition to permanent employees, the category of enterprise personnel may include employees who work on a temporary basis. employment contract(contract).

Main and support staff

Many business entities, in addition to their main activities, also perform functions that do not correspond to their main purpose. Therefore, there are such categories of production personnel: main and non-core activities. For example, the first group in industry includes workers of all types of production (main, service and auxiliary), as well as employees of research departments, plant management, security, and warehouses. In other words, all those who are engaged in any way in production or its direct service. The second group includes personnel registered in structures that are on the balance sheet of a business entity, but are not directly related to production. For example, kindergartens, nurseries, housing and communal services, clinics and departmental educational institutions.

The specified classification of personnel at an enterprise is needed for calculating wages and coordinating certain labor criteria with performance indicators. At the same time, the interaction of enterprises with other commercial entities and banking institutions allows us to make this grouping conditional.

Grouping of personnel depending on the functions performed

Depending on the nature of the functions performed, there is a broader classification of personnel at the enterprise than indicated above: management, specialists, workers and employees.

Managers include employees who head not only enterprises, but also their structural divisions. These include directors, chiefs, managers, managers, foremen, as well as their deputies.

The “specialists” category of personnel includes workers who perform special economic and engineering work. This includes engineers, economists, accountants, standard setters, administrators, legal advisers and sociologists.

Employees are workers who prepare documentation, accounting, control and business maintenance economic activity. These include accountants, clerks, agents, draftsmen, secretaries and stenographers.

The category of personnel “workers” implies the presence of employees who are directly involved in the creation of various material assets, repair or movement of goods, transportation of passengers, and the provision of material services. In addition to the above, this category includes janitors, cleaners, security guards, couriers and cloakroom attendants.

Professions and specialties

This classification of personnel is especially interesting. A profession is represented by a type of work activity, the implementation of which may require special knowledge and skills.

A specialty is a fairly narrow subtype of work activity within a profession. Thus, the profession of a turner itself can cover such specialties as a rotary turner, a boring turner, etc.

The professionalism of personnel always depends both on the specifics of the activity, products and services, and on the level technical condition. Each industry is characterized by the presence of specialties. At the same time, there are common professions of employees and workers. An example is the food industry, which has about 850 specialties and professions. However, only a few of them are specific to this industry.

Grouping employees by qualification

This classification is based on the ability to perform work of a certain complexity. In this case, we can talk about qualifications, represented by a set of special knowledge and practical skills that determine the level of preparedness of employees to perform certain professional duties.

Qualifications management team characterized by level of education, work experience specific position. In this case, it is customary to highlight next levels specialists: the highest qualifications (employees with academic degrees and titles); higher qualifications (workers have higher education and practical experience); average qualifications (workers who have specialized secondary education and relevant experience); practitioners (availability of engineering and economic positions among workers).

Skill level

According to the level of qualification, employees are divided into highly qualified, qualified, semi-skilled and unskilled. They can perform work of varying complexity, and they tend to have unequal professional training.

The specified qualification characteristics of employees, along with such as age, gender, length of service and degree of labor mechanization, will serve as the basis for calculations various types structures. To increase the efficiency of an enterprise, it is important not only to ascertain the number of employees, but also to study a certain relationship between them.

This approach will allow not only to identify factors and their influence on the results of the enterprise’s activities, but also to calculate the corresponding structural changes with their driving forces and trends. On this basis, a real strategy for the development of labor resources is formed.

A paradoxical situation has formed in the labor markets of individual countries: people no longer want to earn a living with their minds, since “manual” professions are paid better and do not require so much emotional investment. That is why it is necessary to clearly understand the difference between workers and employees. This will help you choose work to your liking, which will be suitable not only in terms of payment, but also in other respects.

Who are employees and workers?

Employees– non-manual workers employed in such segments of the economy as public administration (officials, top management), industry (designers, engineers, planners, secondary personnel), education (teachers, graduate students), service sector (tour manager, IT- specialist), trade. This social group is related by such common features as the need for specialized (most often higher) education, the absence of heavy workloads, and the need to use a creative approach in solving assigned problems.
Workers– owners of labor resources employed in manufacturing sector economics and dealing physical labor. These include both the traditional “working class” and assembly line production employees, drivers, and builders. Workers do not own the means of production and most often receive wages on a piece-rate basis.

Difference between employee and worker

So, the features of work social groups differ significantly. Starting with the fact that employees most often work “from 9 to 6,” and workers work around the clock, but in shifts. The locations of social groups differ significantly. For a worker, this is a machine, a construction site, a workshop where he creates a real product that can be counted and measured by physical means. For employees, their place of work is a cabinet in an office or a desk. There he creates a “mental” product that can be calculated speculatively.

The differences between an employee and a worker are as follows:

Qualification. In most cases, workers need a secondary specialized education, while employees need a higher education.
Means of production. Workers use “manual” labor tools, employees use “intellectual” ones.
Product of labor. A worker produces real quantifiable objects, an employee provides services.
Prestige. The work of an employee is considered more honorable than that of a worker.
Features of the working day. Employees, as a rule, work from 9 am to 6 pm, production workers work around the clock in shifts.

Let's look at who civil servants are, how they differ from ordinary public sector employees, and give a list of professions of civil servants.

In the article:

Download useful documents:

What is the civil service and who are civil servants?

Civil service- is the performance of government functions within the framework of current legislation. Civil service Russian Federation divided into civil and military.

Let's consider who civil servants are, who belongs to them, and determine the list of professions of civil servants. Employees working in federal and regional authorities, performing government functions in various fields, are classified as civil servants. Pay wages such employees are paid from the federal or regional budget. Military personnel are paid wages from the budget of the Ministry of Defense.

Who is a civil servant in Russia

Civil servants include employees who work in:

Presidential Administration;
Government of the Russian Federation;
State Duma;
Federation Council;
Ministries and various government departments;
local government bodies;
state corporations;
law enforcement agencies, for example, the prosecutor's office, courts, police.

➤ How to hire a former civil servant and not receive a fine of up to 500,000 rubles.

Who is a civil servant in the Russian Federation: list of groups in ascending order

State civil service positions are created on the basis of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, federal legislation, and acts of constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

A civil servant is someone by profession

All positions of civil servants are conventionally divided into five main groups:

Younger. It includes employees who provide work government agencies. For example, these could be couriers, secretaries. Employees are assigned the class rank of “Secretary of the Civil Service of the Russian Federation.”
Older. The group includes support workers and specialists from departments. Managers who have the rank of “civil service assistant” can be concentrated here.
Presenter. The group includes civil service specialists, managers, deputies and assistant managers. Employees are given the rank of advisor.
Home. The group includes specialists from central government bodies and managers. They are given the rank of state councilors.
Highest. This includes both senior state leaders and their assistants. They are awarded the rank of actual state advisers.

➤ Does a civil servant have the right to stand as a candidate during vacation and participate in elections to local government bodies?

The list of civil servant professions in the Russian Federation is very extensive. It includes government officials executive power, municipal authorities, court employees, police, Ministry of Emergency Situations, sanitary anti-epidemiological service and so on.

Who are civil servants in Russia, how do they differ from state employees?

Let's consider who is a civil servant in Russia and whether all public sector employees can be called civil servants. The commonality between both is that wages are paid from the budget. But not all public sector employees are government employees.

Who is a civil servant in Russia: list

Civil servants include those specialists who work in government agencies at the federal or regional level. Their wages are paid from the federal or regional budget. Civil servants can be military or civilian. Thus, according to the law, civil servants include:

tax authorities;
prosecutors and judges;
police officers;
deputies;
specialists working in administrations.

Representatives of this category have high civil ranks. They are appointed based on the results mandatory certification , assigned classes must be confirmed regularly. The rank received determines what position an employee can hold, what salary he will receive, and what benefits he will have.

List of cases when a competition for filling a vacant position in the state civil service is not held or may not be held

Civil servants cannot conduct own business, receive valuable gifts for services rendered, buy securities. They can engage in creative activities, for example, write books, paintings, selling them for money. Every civil servant is required to submit an annual declaration, which reflects all income and major acquisitions. Since 2017, a mandatory report has been introduced in which it is necessary to notify about all registered accounts, in social networks and chats.

What professions do not belong to civil servants: who are public sector employees?

State employees include everyone involved in teaching, treatment, and education. In addition, everyone who receives wages from the budget also belongs to state employees. These could be blue-collar workers: janitors, technicians, service company specialists, and so on. The work of such employees is not related to the performance of government functions within the framework of current legislation; they do not have class ranks or ranks. This is where state employees differ from civil servants.

Conclusion

Civil service is the performance of government functions within the framework of current legislation. The civil service of the Russian Federation is divided into civil and military. Civil servants include everyone who performs government functions and has certain ranks and ranks.

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INSTRUCTIONS FOR STATISTICS OF NUMBER AND WAGES OF WORKERS AND EMPLOYEES AT ENTERPRISES IN INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS (Approved-... Relevant in 2018

5. Categories of personnel

In reporting on the labor of enterprises and organizations of individual sectors of the sphere of material production (industry, construction, transport, state farms and some other production sectors), the number of workers is divided into two groups: workers and employees. From the group of employees, the following categories are distinguished: managers, specialists and other employees classified as employees.

When distributing employees according to personnel categories in statistical reporting on labor, one should be guided by the All-Union Classification of Worker Professions, Clerk Positions and tariff categories(OKPDTR), approved by the USSR State Standard 08/27/86 N 016.

OKPDTR consists of two sections:

classifier of workers' professions;

classifier of employee positions, which contains positions of managers, specialists and employees.

33. Workers include persons directly involved in the process of creating wealth, as well as those engaged in repairs, moving goods, transporting passengers, providing material services, etc. In OKPDTR, the professions of workers are listed in section 1.

Workers, in particular, include persons employed:

33.1. management, regulation and supervision of the operation of automatic machines, automatic lines, automatic devices, as well as direct management or maintenance of machines, mechanisms, units and installations, if the labor of these workers is paid at tariff rates or monthly salaries of workers;

33.2. production of material assets by hand, as well as with the help of simple mechanisms, devices, tools;

33.3. construction and repair of buildings, structures, installation and repair of equipment, repair of vehicles;

33.4. moving, loading or unloading raw materials, materials, finished products;

33.5. at work on receiving, storing and sending goods in warehouses, bases, storerooms and other storage facilities;

33.6. care of machines, equipment, maintenance of production and non-production premises;

33.7. sinking of surface and underground mine workings, drilling, testing, sampling and development of wells, geological surveying, prospecting and other types of geological exploration work, if their labor is paid at tariff rates or monthly salaries of workers;

33.8. machinists, drivers, stokers, switch post attendants, track and artificial structure linemen, loaders, conductors, workers repairing and maintaining transport lines, communication lines, repairing and maintaining equipment and vehicles, tractor drivers, mechanics, crop and livestock workers ;

33.9. postmen, telephone operators, telegraph operators, radio operators, telecom operators;

33.10. operators of computers and electronic computers;

33.11. janitors, cleaners, couriers, cloakroom attendants, watchmen.

34. Managers include employees holding positions of heads of enterprises and their structural divisions. The position in OKPDTR, which has a category code of 1, refers to managers.

Leaders, in particular, include:

directors (general directors), chiefs, managers, managers, chairmen, commanders, commissars, foremen, work performers at enterprises, structural units and divisions;

chief specialists: chief accountant, chief dispatcher, chief engineer, chief mechanic, chief metallurgist, chief welder, chief agronomist, chief geologist, chief electrician, chief economist, chief researcher, chief editor;

state inspectors.

35. Specialists include workers engaged in engineering, technical, economic and other work, in particular, agronomists, administrators, accountants, geologists, dispatchers, engineers, inspectors, proofreaders, mathematicians, mechanics, standard setters, editors, auditors, psychologists, sociologists, technicians, commodity experts, physiologists, artists, economists, energy workers, legal advisers.

36. Other workers classified as employees are workers involved in the preparation and execution of documentation, accounting and control, business services, in particular, agents, archivists, attendants, clerks, cashiers, collectors, commandants, controllers (not classified as workers) , copyists of technical documentation, secretaries - typists, caretakers, statisticians, stenographers, timekeepers, accountants, draftsmen.

Every profession is important and distinctive. A person of each specialty has his own designated job tasks, amount of remuneration, characteristics of the workplace, ranks, etc. Each enterprise has a system of bonuses and punishments, specificity of professional activities, etc.

Qualification Handbook

To determine the classification of positions and instructions, there is a special uniform qualification directory. Abbreviated as ETKS, approved on the basis of a decree of the government of the Russian Federation. Thanks to him, enterprises formulate personnel activities. According to the content of Article 143 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, qualifications of professions and duties are carried out on the basis of a unified tariff and qualification reference book.

It consists of two chapters: the first characterizes the industry management workforce, the second - the envisaged professions of the enterprise's main employees and blue-collar specialties.

Management and working professions according to ETKS in the agricultural industry

The classifier provides a comprehensive list of working professions in agriculture. This includes specialties that are in demand in the agricultural industry.

Management team

This list includes the following professions:

Ch. specialist of the agronomic service (agronomist) of the enterprise.
Ch. agronomist-agrochemist in production.
Ch. Agricultural service specialist (agronomist) in the field of crop protection.
Ch. agronomic service specialist (soil study agronomist).
Ch. Veterinary service specialist (veterinarian).
Ch. zootechnical service specialist (zootechnician).
Ch. specialist of zootechnical service in the horse breeding industry (zootechnician of the state stables).
Ch. specialist of zootechnical service - livestock specialist of the hippodrome.
Ch. land reclamation engineer.
Ch. mechanical engineer.
Ch. energy specialist (energy engineer).
Ch. judge in the field of horse breeding.
Veterinary service worker - head. veterinary pharmacy.
Veterinary service worker - head. veterinary site
Head at the enterprise garage.
Head procurement point at the processing plant of flax and other bast crops.
Head toxicology laboratory.
Head production laboratory of biomethods of plant protection.
Head laboratory of the state inspection for plant quarantine and fumigation squad.
Head laboratory for diagnosing and forecasting the future occurrence of pests and plant diseases.
Head laboratory for assessing the quality of tested varieties of the State Commission for Sorting of Agricultural Crops.
Head laboratory for breeding business and artificial insemination method.
Head transport department.
Head oil depot.
Head experimental field.
Head border point for plant quarantine.
Head point of the artificial insemination method.
Head point for signaling and forecasting the appearance of pests and plant diseases.
Head repair shop.
Head seed station.
Head of technical exchange office.
Head variety testing site.
Head phytohelminthological production laboratory.
Head seed storage.
Head of fur. squad.
Head of the procurement department.
Head of the department (site) of production and veterinary control.
Head of technical department operation of the vehicle fleet and equipment of agricultural enterprises.
Head of the production department of the hippodrome.
Head of the plant protection station (at the subject, region and district level).
Head of technical station fleet maintenance, technical stations. maintenance of machine-building park.
Head of the livestock department.
Head of the fumigation department.
Head of technical station maintenance of machinery and equipment for livestock farms, poultry farms and farms.
Head of the feed production workshop.
Head of the land reclamation workshop.
Head of the incubation department.
Head of the mechanization department.
Head of the plant growing department.
Head of the plant bioprotection expedition.
Head of the transport management department.
Farm manager, foreman.
Head of a peasant farmer.

Professions in the agricultural industry

If we talk about professions in the agricultural industry, then the list of blue-collar professions and positions of employees, after management, is divided into specialists (laboratory assistants, machine operators, etc.), positions common to all industries (weigher, warehouse worker, etc.). ), subsection positions with professions in the field of crop production and livestock farming, as well as professions where tariffs are not carried out by category. The list of working professions in construction is also quite wide.

Workers in hazardous occupations

Labor law and a unified classification of professions separate industries where management and working positions are characterized as hazardous production and the industry as a whole. There is a list of working professions with harmful conditions labor.

Areas of economic activity where employees are recognized as hazardous occupations

Here is a partial list of such professions:

Persons whose activities involve gunpowder, ammunition equipment, and initiating and explosive substances.
Workers oil industry, coal mines, etc.
The activities of which are related to metal processing.
Employed in electrical production and maintenance of such equipment.
Manufacturers of radio equipment, production of building materials.
Production of glass and porcelain.
Manufacturers and processors of synthetic and artificial fiber, workforce of pulp and paper industry enterprises.
Employees of institutes and research centers in the field of manufacturing drugs and biomaterials.
Workforce in the field of healthcare, printing workers, transport workers.
Those whose activities involve radiation and exposure, nuclear industry workers.
Divers.
Welding workers.
Research activities related to microorganisms.
Metal testing.
Cleaning metal with sand.
Workers of mercury substations.
Workers of electric trains and stations.
Labor composition of the food industry.
Working in the field of film copying.
Workers in the field of construction, repair and restoration.
Communication workers.
Workers in the agrochemical industry.
Mining industry workers.
Workers in the chemical and paint industries.

Employee positions

Clerk positions are included in the list of blue-collar occupations. If we talk about employees, then this is a category of citizens involved in any of the industries in positions below management professions. The category of employees includes agents, artists, archivists, secretaries, etc.

Mechanical Engineering Professions

If you make a list of working professions in mechanical engineering, there is a division into management, specialists and blue-collar professions. Let's take a closer look.

For example, managers are included in the list of working professions of the management team (head of the design department, head of the testing department, head of product sales, etc.).

If we talk about specialists in mechanical engineering, then these are mechanical engineering technologists, mechanical engineers, designers, etc.

Also involved in mechanical engineering are professions that are classified as common in all sectors of the economy.

List of working professions for women

It identifies a single classifier and a separate category of women's work positions. They are usually associated with a lighter type of activity.

Some of them are listed below:

manicurist;
cosmetologist;
hairdresser;
cleaning service worker;
secretary-typist;
painter;
specialist in displaying and sorting goods;
salesman;
masseur;
nurse;
cook;
confectioner.

An important instrument of labor law

If we talk about the classification of professions in general, they are divided into a list of blue-collar professions by field of activity, working conditions, harmfulness of production, severity of labor, etc.

A single classifier characterizes each profession separately, attaching a list job responsibilities, mandatory, the procedure for provided benefits, assigned categories, etc.

Based on the classification, the entire labor process, starting with the calculation and calculation of wages, ending with bonuses and the duration of vacations.

The classifier provides a list of positions for each economic sector, defining the range of responsibilities and rights of an official or employee.

The use of a classifier of professions allows each organization and enterprise to streamline the work process, clearly distribute responsibilities in the work team, and comply with labor legislation.

Being legislative acts in labor law, Labor Code and the classifier are approved with references to each other. This indicates that violation of the provisions of the classification of professions will be grounds for violation labor legislation and administrative violation. When organizing personnel activities at enterprises, the formation of positions, labor hierarchy, reward and punishment systems is based on single list working professions.

The classifier is constantly being improved; amendments are made as necessary due to changes in the country's economy. However, these nuances are not significant and practically do not affect the main list of positions.

A list of professions and a job classifier is the most important tool labor law, personnel service of any enterprise, acting as a guarantor in the organization and remuneration of almost every employee.

Personnel are persons who are included in labor relations within a specific legal entity. This is the personnel of the enterprise, which includes employees, owners and co-owners.

Main characteristics of personnel

Before qualification, you need to understand who exactly belongs to the personnel. Personnel are characterized by these characteristics:

Involvement in labor relations. The latter must be documented. In particular, an employment agreement must be drawn up.
Characteristics on the basis of which activities are carried out. For example, this could be qualifications, specialty, education, experience.
Having a goal for the activity. The goals of the specialist’s work must be correlated with the goals of the enterprise.

Personnel management is distinguished by such features as:

Integration into the overall management structure.
Compliance with the existing corporate culture.
Availability of job planning and employee training.
Accounting professional qualities and employee performance evaluation.
Centralization of management processes.

Employees who are not registered at the enterprise in any way will not be considered personnel.

Regulatory rationale

Personnel categories are regulated by “Instruction on the number of workers at enterprises” No. 17-10-0370, approved by the State Statistics Committee on September 17, 1987. The key document is also the Classifier of Occupations No. 367, approved by the State Standards Decree of January 26, 1994. The Ministry of Health and Social Development has issued several orders that approve qualification categories:

Order No. 525 of August 6, 2007. Establishes criteria for assigning staff representatives to a particular qualification group.
Order No. 248n dated May 29, 2008. Establishes qualification levels for employees.
Order No. 247n dated May 29, 2008. It also establishes qualification levels, but this time relative to managers and specialists.

IN regulations These personnel groups are identified:

Positions of workers and employees for which no professional education is required.
Positions that require primary or secondary education.
Managerial positions that require initial professional education.
Specialties that require higher education (qualification “bachelor”).
Positions for which you need to have a higher education with the qualification “certified specialist” or “master”.

The need for education is determined depending on the specifics of the activity. Complex intellectual work requires the availability of appropriate knowledge and skills. Basic education is sufficient to perform simple work.

Main categories of personnel

Personnel is a collection of employees of various specializations included in the staff. It is divided into two main categories: production and non-production. Production personnel engage in labor, the result of which is expressed in material form. For example, these could be people working on the creation of cars or the construction of buildings. Let's consider the components of the first category:

Workers. Their activities are mainly physical in nature. These employees specialize in producing goods or servicing production. For example, these could be builders, cooks. Workers are further divided into two categories. These are the main personnel employed at the main production workshops. These are also support staff. Its representatives work in procurement or service shops.
Employees. Their activity is mainly mental in nature. The result of their work is the identification of management problems, the formation of new information flows, and the adoption of various decisions in the field of management. An example of this category could be accountants, lawyers, and managers. Employees are further divided into three categories. These are the managers of the enterprise itself or its divisions. This group also includes deputy managers. These are specialists: engineers, economists, accountants. The third group is the employees themselves (junior technical staff, accountants and clerks).

The second category is non-production personnel. It refers to employees employed on non-industrial farms. That is, the result of their work is not the creation of something material. Examples of non-production personnel are workers in housing and communal services, canteens, and clinics.

Categories of managers

Production managers are divided into these categories:

Linear. These managers make decisions affecting all functional areas of activity. Examples: CEO, manager Maintenance, Foreman.
Nonlinear. These are functional managers who perform specific management functions. Examples: financial director, manager responsible for personnel.

Managers are divided by management levels:

Grassroots level. For example, master.
Middle level. Heads of department and workshop.
Senior management. Director or his deputy.

Lower-level managers manage small departments, middle-level managers manage large departments, and senior managers manage the enterprise as a whole.

Classification of enterprise personnel

Personnel are divided into categories depending on specific characteristics. Let's look at them in more detail:

Property relations. There are owners (founders) of a legal entity. They own a share of the enterprise and profit from its activities. There are also hired employees.
Degree of involvement in production activities. Production personnel are involved in activities directly, non-production personnel - indirectly.
Place of main service. Employees may or may not be on the staff of the enterprise.

Some employees differ from others in the specifics of their activities and the characteristics of their labor relationships with enterprises.

Additional classification

Let's consider additional categories for dividing personnel into groups:

Forms of production activity (for example, building a building or creating wells).
Tariff categories (from one to eight).
Qualification classes (from one to three).
Payment models for work (for example, classic, piecework, bonus).
Level of mechanization of activities (manual or automated work).
Production areas (senior, senior assistant).

The following positions can also be classified:

Positions: manager or specialist.
Position: senior and junior.
Level of qualification (1-3 grade).

FOR YOUR INFORMATION! In Russia there is a main Classifier of professions.

Depending on what the position belongs to one or another category

There are the following characteristics that influence the attitude of a position to a particular category:

The level of education.
Skill level.
Having professional experience.
Employment registration (for example, a person can work part-time).
Specificity of activity (physical or intellectual).
Presence of subordinates.
Place of work.

As a rule, personnel can be clearly qualified. The structural composition of employees is determined depending on the characteristics of a particular event.