Almost every owner of a personal computer, almost immediately after purchasing it, thinks about the issue of connecting to the World Wide Web, which makes it possible to communicate with people from all over the world, download and search necessary information, using all kinds of services (email, streaming media) and services (web forums, blogs, online stores), and much more. Of course, the user is faced with the question of how to connect to global network and what methods of this connection exist? If just a few years ago, the majority of network users Russian Federation, in essence, there was no other choice but to use a modem connection via a telephone line (Dial-Up connection), now the situation is information market services have changed significantly. This material is designed to help you understand among the multiple options for connecting to the network and choose the most optimal one for you.

NETWORK CONNECTION METHODS

On this moment The most common methods of connecting to the World Wide Web are:

• An ordinary modem connection or the so-called dial-up access
• Modem connection via asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)
• Broadband access over a leased line (Ethernet)
• Access using Mobile WiMAX technology
• Access via Wi-Fi technology
• Mobile GPRS/3G access
• Satellite network connection

They differ in the principle of operation, the speed of sending data, reliability, the difficulty of setting up equipment, and, of course, cost.

CONNECTION SPEED

It is worth talking separately about the fundamental characteristic of each connection to the World Wide Web - the data transfer speed, which is determined by the amount transmitted to the user per unit of time (per 1 second). Typically, the amount of data transferred is determined either in kilobytes/second (KB/s) or kilobits/second (kbps). For ordinary users, the byte measurement is more understandable since it does not contain bulky numbers. Remember that 1 byte = 8 bits, and this ratio remains true for quantities with prefixes: kilo, mega or giga. Knowing how to convert bytes to bits will come in handy when you start studying the tariffs of Internet providers who really like to indicate the Internet connection speed in bits, since in this case the figure turns out to be more impressive (8 times). Also keep in mind that for channels with high connection speeds, the measurement is already in megabits or megabytes per second.

To make everything completely clear, let's look at a small real example. If the provider promises you a speed of 5 Mbit/s, which is equivalent to 0.625 MB/sec (divide 5 by 8), this means that at best you will download a 100 MB file from the network in less than three minutes (100 / 0.625 = 160 sec).

Each user's use of the Internet can be different; for some it involves receiving a large amount of Internet traffic, for others it does not. For example, for ordinary web surfing (viewing website pages), the speed of an ordinary modem connection is sufficient, but given speed will not allow you to comfortably download large files from the network - high-quality music or films, software distributions and other “heavy” content. To take full advantage of the Internet, you will need higher speed access.

So, having understood the connection methods and the concept of connection speed, let's move on to their description.

DIAL ACCESS (DIAL-UP)

This is the “oldest” and widely used method of connecting to the global network using a modem and telephone line. However, in our time, it is being actively replaced by more modern connection methods and is now used either in rural (remote) areas where there is no possibility of connecting to the network using high-speed lines or by users with a very limited budget.

At this method connection, the user, every time to enter the global network, will have to dial through the telephone line using a modem in order to “get” to the provider’s modem pool. Following this, the provider checks the user's login name and password. If the entered parameters are successfully processed, the subscriber is assigned a free IP address, through which he gains access to the Internet.

The advantages of such a connection are: ease of configuration and installation of equipment (only a modem is needed), low cost of equipment.

There are many more disadvantages to a modem connection. Busy telephone line at the moment when you are on the network, low speed of information transfer (usually 3-5 kb/s), low quality of communication and data transfer due to wear and tear of telephone lines and outdated equipment on the PBX. It is clear that with the speed provided by a modem connection, it is impossible to download large files from the Internet - videos, software distributions, etc.

To connect using this method, you will need an internal analog modem in case of a high-quality telephone line, or an external one if your telephone line leaves much to be desired.

HIGH SPEED ACCESS WITH ADSL TECHNOLOGY

Much more advanced and modern way connection compared to Dial-up connection. Literally, the abbreviation ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) can be translated as: “asymmetric digital subscriber line.” This technology makes it possible to provide high speed access to the worldwide network via ordinary analog telephone wires (lines) using a special modem. Unfortunately, this connection method has one significant limitation - the PBX serving you must have ADSL equipment (multiplexer) installed. And if in major cities This is not a problem, but on the periphery, such a connection may not be available to many users.

The main advantage of this method is the ease of installation and connection of equipment, as in the case of dial-up access (you only need a modem), and the maximum throughput such a connection reaches 8 Mbit/s (up to 24 Mbit/s in the case of ADSL 2+). This is quite enough for efficient work with various kinds of data and multimedia content. In addition, the technology does not load the regular telephone channel, and the subscriber does not need to dial up the provider, since the connection is permanent.

It must also be said about the possible disadvantages of this connection method. Not every user can be satisfied with the price of connection and the subscription fee charged by the provider for its services. And if in many European countries ADSL is the de facto standard for providing the population with inexpensive and fairly fast Internet, but in Russian conditions, a lot will depend on the region and the number of competing providers. In the absence of any competition in this area, you may be faced with greatly inflated rates.

There is one more negative point in ADSL technology, which is worth paying attention to all fans of peer-to-peer networks that use torrent clients to download information from the network. When using this type of connection, the speed of receiving (downloading) information from the Internet is much higher than uploading it, which violates the basic principles of file sharing in such networks.

Required equipment:

• ADSL modem
• ADSL splitter (usually included with the modem)

BROADBAND ACCESS

It is the optimal connection, as it can provide the most high speed reception and transmission of information in the global network (up to 100 Mbit/s). Broadband access makes it possible to use the Internet, its services and services with full efficiency and effectiveness.

In this case, the connection is made by the Internet provider, which runs a dedicated line (usually a twisted pair cable) to the subscriber’s computer (apartment) and issues a range of IP addresses for the subscriber to access the Internet.

The obvious advantages of this connection method are not only the high speed of information exchange, but also a free telephone number, constant interaction with the network, and excellent communication quality.

The only obstacle for many users may be the cost of installing and setting up such a connection, which directly depends on the distance of your computer to the connection point of the provider. Most likely, it will be higher compared to other connection methods. However, it is worth noting that: firstly, this is a one-time payment, and secondly, many providers, in order to attract customers, provide free connections.

To connect one computer, the user only needs a network card. Nowadays it is built into almost any computer. If you are deploying a home network for several computers that support a wireless connection, you will need an additional wireless router.

ACCESS THROUGH TECHNOLOGYMOBILEWIMAX

This technology is used to provide wireless broadband Internet access. WiMAX is a long-range system that covers kilometers of space and allows the user to receive both fixed access (similar to the usual xDSL only without wires) and mobile access, allowing you to connect to the network from anywhere within the coverage area. As a rule, fixed access is used to deploy small office and regional networks, but mobile access is aimed at the end user.

The first and largest mobile WiMAX network in Russia was deployed by Yota. The maximum data exchange speed in such networks is up to 10 Mbit/s, which allows you to comfortably download large files, watch videos or participate in on-line games. The connection to Yota itself is carried out using a special modem (usually in the form of a USB key fob) in a matter of minutes.

Unfortunately, the most important disadvantage of such a connection is its very limited distribution in the Russian Federation. At the moment, Mobile WiMAX from Yota is available only in eight cities of Russia (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Krasnodar, Sochi, Ufa, Vyborg, Luga and Serpukhov), and even within them in many areas the signal level leaves much to be desired.

ACCESS THROUGH TECHNOLOGYWI-FI

Unlike WiMAX, Wi-Fi is a system that covers much smaller spaces (no more than 150-200 m with one access point) and is usually used by users to access their own local networks, which, by the way, may not be connected to the Internet. This is an excellent solution for simultaneously connecting several computers to a network wirelessly, both at home and in a small office.

The access point itself, broadcasting the Wi-Fi radio signal, connects to world wide web using a wired connection. Wi-Fi networks are also often used in restaurants, cafes, shopping complexes, airports and railway stations, through which visitors to these places can access the Internet for free. Thus, we can say that this technology is an auxiliary tool that allows many users to simultaneously use the capabilities of one broadband Internet connection point.

MOBILE INTERNET (GPRS/3G).

Due to the very rapid development mobile communications in the Russian Federation, probably every adult already has access to mobile phone. And if desired, it can also be used to access the global network. In fact, all providers these days offer the service of using a cell phone instead of a traditional modem, creating all sorts of special tariffs for this. In addition, almost all operators now offer independent solutions in the form of specialized GPRS/3G modems or routers with Wi-Fi support, capable of providing Internet access via mobile networks.

As a rule, this type of connection is the prerogative of users of mobile computers (laptops, netbooks), allowing them to use the Internet anywhere there is a cellular connection. It is also suitable for poorly accessible areas and places with poorly developed cable networks. For example, using mobile connection can be very useful in a suburban area.

Compact 3G modem in the formUSB key fob

The main advantages of this connection method can be called high mobility and almost universal availability of connectivity in areas covered by cellular networks. Under favorable conditions, using modern 3G routers, the speed mobile internet can reach 7 Mbit/s, and support for Wi-Fi technology will allow you to organize a connection to the global network for several devices at once.

But as always, there is a fly in the ointment, which may make it impractical to use this type of connection as the main one at home. The speed of such a connection greatly depends on the mobile operator and becomes acceptable only in 3G networks, the coverage density of which is not yet very high in the Russian Federation. Unfortunately, in many cases (lack of 3G networks, poor signal level), the speed of mobile Internet leaves much to be desired and is slightly superior in its characteristics to dial-up access. And this, in turn, imposes certain restrictions on its functionality.

We also note that with limited tariffs (imposing restrictions on the amount of information received from the Internet), allowing the use of mobile Internet at maximum speeds, the cost of traffic for such a connection will be quite high for many users. In the increasingly popular unlimited tariffs, as a rule, there is a serious limitation on the connection speed, which can be imposed after exceeding the unofficially established limit on the amount of downloaded data from their network.

Required equipment:

• Cable connecting the phone to the computer when using a phone
• GPRS/3G modem or router

SATELLITE INTERNET.

This method makes it possible to permanently connect computers to the network that are located considerable distances away from telephone lines (dacha area), and will also be useful in hard-to-reach areas with poor cellular signal reception.

Satellite connections can be asynchronous (one-way) or synchronous (two-way). We will not consider the second connection method, due to the high cost of the equipment (here the bill runs into tens of thousands of rubles).

Most often, satellite Internet is called an asynchronous (combined) access method - this is when information arrives to the user via a satellite dish, and the request for traffic from the user is transmitted by another connection - for example, through GPRS, ADSL or Dial-Up. It should be noted that the main requirement for the request channel is connection reliability.

The data transfer speed with this connection method can range from 256 to 4000 Kbps and highly depends not only on the provider, but also on the selected tariff plan.

The main advantage of a satellite connection to the Internet is the extremely low price of traffic (from 10 kopecks to 1 ruble per 1 megabyte), the ability to organize connections in remote areas, thanks to independence from land lines and the availability of satellite television.

The disadvantages include: the need to have a channel for outgoing traffic - usually a cell phone with GPRS support and the fairly high cost of equipment and its installation.

Required equipment:

• Satellite dish with bracket
• DVB card for decoding satellite signal
• Converter

CONCLUSION

So, having considered all the main ways to connect to the global Internet, let’s summarize. Undoubtedly, the fastest and highest quality connection to the global network will be wired broadband access. Data exchange through peer-to-peer networks, IP telephony, IP television, local resources local networks, deployment of your own wireless Wi-Fi networks and of course, full use of all kinds of Internet services - all this will be available to you when using this high-speed connection. Unfortunately, this type of connection is only available in large cities where fiber optic communication lines are installed.

A good alternative to broadband access is ADSL technology, which also allows high-speed network access (up to 8 Mbit/s) and quite efficient use of all the capabilities of the Internet. True, those who like to exchange files using torrent clients may encounter serious troubles due to the peculiarities of this technology, and as a result, the low upload speed. You should also remember that the presence of a telephone line does not yet guarantee that you will be able to use this connection method, since another a necessary condition is the placement of special ADSL equipment on your PBX.

The use of mobile technologies to connect to the network at home is most advisable in areas with low cable coverage, as well as in highly inflated tariffs for wired Internet services. But remember that comfortable work on the global network is only possible in cellular networks third generation 3G. Otherwise, the speed of information exchange will leave much to be desired. And of course, this connection method is most in demand by owners of cell phones, tablets, netbooks and other mobile devices who want to have access to the Internet anywhere in the coverage area of ​​cellular networks.

If you are planning to connect to the Internet in a place with a low level of cable coverage, where there are no fixed telephone lines or local telephone exchanges are not equipped with specialized equipment, and there are no 3G mobile networks, then satellite Internet will be the most optimal solution. Low cost of traffic, acceptable data exchange speed and the ability to watch satellite television are the main advantages of such a connection among wireless solutions. True, you will have to fork out money for the purchase and installation of equipment.

The promising MobileWiMAX technology has the undoubted advantage of high speed and ease of connecting to the network. Essentially, it's the Internet in your pocket. In a matter of minutes, almost any computer can be connected to the World Wide Web using a miniature modem designed in the form of a USB key fob. Only the coverage area of ​​such networks in Russia is now negligible, and the thick walls of your house can become an insurmountable obstacle to passing weak signal. So before choosing this connection method, check out the coverage area in your region and its availability in general.

Connection using dial-up access (Dial-Up) today can be considered completely outdated, and its use can only be imagined as budget option on telephone lines that do not support ADSL technology.

In conclusion, let's say a few words about prices. In large cities of Russia, due to the growing competition between Internet providers and the massive development of local networks, access to the World Wide Web is becoming less and less expensive. From the point of view of choosing a tariff plan, unlimited Internet access with a fixed monthly subscription fee can be considered the most profitable. For example, in Moscow for 400 - 500 rubles per month you can connect to the network at a speed of 8 - 10 Mbit/s, the cost of unlimited mobile Internet will cost you 390 rubles, and connecting to MobileWiMAX at maximum speed will cost 1,400 rubles. But in provinces or small towns, prices for services providing access to the global network can be greatly inflated due to weak competition among providers or its complete absence. In such cases, pay attention to mobile connection tariffs or satellite Internet, in which pricing does not depend on the region.

That's all. Good luck connecting to the global network!

The user, as a rule, does not care what types exist for connecting his devices to the Internet, since the consumer always cares only about the convenience, quality of communication and its cost.

But there are situations when you need to be able to answer this question, for example, if you need to configure your home router yourself.

Classification

Currently, various types of Internet connections are used; in order to accurately determine your own type of connection, that is, the type of connection provided to the user by the provider, you need to read the contract or study the instructions below.

Connections can be broadly classified into three main types:

1. Connection by local network;
2. Connection via virtual private network;
3. Using different variations Types 1 and 2, i.e. combined connection.

The local network

The subscriber connects using an Ethernet LAN network and there are no additional connections.

Simply connect the computer with one of two types of cable:

• Optical;
• "Twisted pair" type.

It should be noted that this type of connection has the following two subtypes:

1. Dynamic – DHCP, which can be classified as simple types, since the user does not need to enter settings parameters. Just plug the wire into the PC and that's it. required characteristics will enter automatic mode.
2. Static – IP. In this case, the IP address is fixed and you need to manually enter the network parameters. The settings are specified in the contract documents of the communication service provider with the client. The following required configuration characteristics must be specified: IP, subnet mask, DNS and gateway.

On a computer running a Windows operating system, these parameters are entered in Internet Protocol Properties version 4.

In this menu you can easily change the characteristics in accordance with the data specified in the contract with the provider.

Note: Often in these two subtypes, binding to the “MAC” address is used.

Today cable type Connecting to the Internet via a WAN connector still occupies a leading position in the popularity rating among users.

The main advantage is high speed with relatively low prices at the tariffs of the service company.

Providers connect clients in this case in the following ways:

a) using fiber optic cable;

b) via twisted pair.

Optical cable

If the user is connected to a fiber optic line, then he receives an advantage in the speed of data transfer over the network (can reach impressive values ​​​​up to 1 gigabit per second).

In the case when the subscriber, in addition to the usual Internet access, also uses additional services provider. Many people watch interactive television, use telephony, etc.

There is no problem with laying additional wires. Services are provided over one single optical cable.

twisted pair

This is an outdated option, but still common. Copper wires are used for its implementation. Externally, they differ from optical fiber, since they have a smaller cross-section; using this criterion, it is easy to determine the type of cable installed in the user’s home.

Just look and compare their external thickness (“optics” is much thicker than twisted pair). It should be noted that in terms of speed, this type of connection is much inferior to optical. As a rule, it does not exceed even one hundred megabits per second.

Virtual network

In this case, the subscriber connects using a VPN with the obligatory entry of a name and access code.

This type is divided into the following connection types (encrypted communication protocols):

1. PPPoE. This is one of the most common types. In order to provide access to the World Wide Web, you should click “Connect to the Internet” in the settings wizard. Next, click “Set up a connection manually” and specify the connection type of the same name.
2. PPTP. To connect to the global network, you just need to click “Connect to workplace” in the setup wizard. After that, select the “Connect to a virtual private network” column. Then enter the VPN server address.
3. L2TP. Many modern providers now use this type of connection, so it has also become widespread. To connect, you first need to follow the steps described for the second type and then open the properties and go to the “Network” tab, where in the VPN column indicate: “L2TP with IPSec”.

To find out what type of VPN is used on your PC, you need to click the connection icon in the right corner of the taskbar and enter the “Information” section.

The method is no longer used almost anywhere in the world, with the exception of the Russian Federation. This type is complex and implies “Dual access” with a combination of connections through local and private networks.

This ensures simultaneous access to external global and internal channels of the Internet provider (interactive television, peering, etc.).

There are also different options using local and VPN connections, for example:

1. Access to the global network is carried out using the PPPoE protocol and the address for working in the LAN network is assigned automatically, and access to the external network is carried out with dynamic distribution of routes.
2. Routes and addresses for connecting via PPPoE are organized using statically specified parameters.
3. Access to the Internet is carried out using PPTP, while the internal IP is assigned automatically, and routes are distributed through the DHCP option, which can be specified independently or issued automatically.
4. This option is similar to the previous 3rd type, but the addresses are static, that is, they are set manually.

The above combinations can be used in options for providing the Internet via L2TP.

Phone line

If it is not possible to connect a subscriber to the network via “optics” due to its remoteness, then a common telephone network is used. Connection is carried out using ADSL or Dial-up technology.

ADSL

This connection has the disadvantage of low speed, amounting to tens of megabits per second.

However, it is economically justified when it becomes impractical to run an optical cable over long distances.

To implement this option you need:

• Telephone cable;
• Modem;

The splitter ensures simultaneous functioning of the Internet on the PC and phone.

The router and telephone are connected through it, and a signal is sent to the computer through the “LAN” port of the modem.

Dial-Up

This technology has long been outdated, which is characterized by the inconvenience that it is impossible to simultaneously use the telephone and the Internet on a computer.

The transmission speed does not exceed 60 kilobits per second, so you can forget about watching online videos. At such speeds, the user can only surf the Internet and view pictures.

TV cable DOCSIS

Although the Internet speed over such a cable is low (no higher than 300 megabits), it is more convenient for users to pay for the services of one provider for both Internet and television. The signal is transmitted via coaxial cable using DOCSIS technology.

A modem with a built-in network bridge is used, which transmits the signal via a television cable.

The main disadvantage of the technology is the use of a common channel between connected clients, so the speed may fluctuate depending on the line load.

Satellite Internet

It is an expensive type of connection, but it provides access to the network from any remote locality where there is electricity.

Connection equipment also has a high price, but in the absence of alternative sources of Internet access, some users decide to install a special satellite dish with blocks for receiving information transmission.

WiMax and Wi-Fi

Many users use Wi-Fi routers at home. These networks are also common in in public places: stations, cafes, parks, shopping centers etc.

Telecom operators rarely use this technology due to the small coverage area.

Providers organize Wi-Fi coverage using WiMax technology for large areas, for example, areas of cottage villages.

This technology covers large areas, the radius of which is calculated in kilometers, but for this the operator installs base stations.

The average speed using WiMax technology does not exceed 70 megabits.

To connect to such a wireless network, the user needs a receiver, but if it is located at a significant distance from the nearest base station, it will be necessary to additionally purchase a special antenna to increase the signal reception power.

Both Wi-Fi and WiMax technologies are wireless and this is their main advantage, allowing them to solve a wide range of problems.

How to find out the connection type?

Perform the following steps using Windows tools:

If you need to find out which provider provides communication services, you can visit one of the resources on the Internet to analyze ping.

After waiting for it to complete, information about the World Wide Web provider will be available.

23. 05.2017

Blog of Dmitry Vassiyarov.

Types of the Internet - what are they?

Hello.

Are you going to change your provider or get another access point to the World Wide Web? Then you should know what types of Internet there are, or rather, connections to it. Your choice will determine the speed and ease of operation, as well as the amount you will spend on connection and use.

The Internet has become so commonplace for modern man, that few people think about what varieties of it exist and how it was improved to the result that we have now. Interesting to know? Reading the article.

Wired connection

Let's start with the fact that you can connect to the global network using wires or without them. The first option, as a rule, involves higher connection speed and stability. But, as you understand, it is suitable if you are going to use the Internet permanently. This is true? For you, I will tell you about modern types of wired connections and what preceded them.

Dial-UP

One of the most connected to the Internet. Remember the times when users surfed the Internet, and because of this it was impossible for them to call a landline phone? They had a dial-up connection.

Physically, it looked like this: the subscriber had a modem, which, when connected to the Internet, dialed the pool number and connected to a device at the provider’s station.

The speed of such a connection was 56 kbit/s. Moreover, the tariff was determined not by the services provided, but by the time spent on the network.

It could even be half an hour.

xDSL (ADSL, VDSL, SHDSL)

The first broadband Internet. What does it mean? This type of connection is also realized through a telephone line and a modem, or rather two. It is faster than its predecessor. Also, when the subscriber is surfing the Internet, he is also available by phone. This was made possible by separating frequencies for data and calls.

In the name of a family of technologies, the symbol “x” conventionally denotes the first letter of a particular subtype. DSL with in English stands for Digital Subscriber Line, which in translation is a digital subscriber line. Types of connections differ in information encoding and data transfer speed. The highest performance is considered to be up to 24 Mb/s.

As you understand, this connection no longer meets modern needs, so it is practically not found now.

FTTx

This type of connection is the next stage in the development of a broadband network after xDSL. It works according to this scheme: in apartment building or a switch is installed near private houses, connected to the provider’s station using a fiber optic cable; A twisted pair cable is supplied to the client’s home, which is inserted either directly into the computer or into the router.

The abbreviation FTTx represents a family of types of Internet. It stands for “fiber to the x”, which means optical fiber to point “x”. Instead of the last character, different letters can be specified:

• N (node) - network node.
• C/ K (curb/kerb) - means: to the block, microdistrict.
• DP (distribution point) - distribution point.
• P (premises) - generalized: before premises. The most common option includes 2 subtypes: B (building) - the cable reaches the boundary of the building (foundation, basement, technical floor), H (home) - directly to the apartment or house.
• D/S (desktop/subscriber) - the optical fiber is pulled into a media converter or terminal located near the subscriber’s desktop.

E/Z (telecom enclosure/zone) - connection from the server room to the workstation.

The FTTx family is popular these days because it offers normal quality reasonable price. Do you want to get high-speed Internet, television and telephone service in one package? Choose this option. If all 8 wires in the cable and good equipment are used, your connection speed can be up to 1 Gbps.

Please note the alternative. Using optical fiber and twisted pair, a connection is made to the global network and through another technology - Ethernet, which also provides high-speed data transfer at high speed. By the way, subtypes of Ethernet have already been developed with rates of 2.5, 5, 10 Gbit/s and higher.

Another family of broadband connections modern type. Depending on the connection method and Internet speed, other letters are written instead of “x”. The abbreviation contains the phrase “passive optical network”, which translates as “passive optical network”. In reality, it looks like a tree-like fiber cable architecture with passive branches at the nodes.

Simply put, one transceiver module is used for many subscribers

The cable is laid directly to the client’s home and connected to the media converter, terminal or SFP module of the switch. Consequently, all its resources are used by one person. Therefore, Internet failures due to network overload are excluded.

By connecting xPON, you will be able to use gigabit Internet and other Tripple Play services (cable TV and telephony).

Satellite Internet

This type of Internet is also becoming a thing of the past, because it requires high connection costs. Judge for yourself: the subscriber must have at least an expensive satellite dish and receiver, and also pay a lot to the provider for the provision of services. Although in return you get unlimited in tandem with digital television.

Satellite Internet can be organized in two ways:

• One-sided (asymmetrical). Data is received via satellite and transmitted either via 3G/4G or cable.
• Double-sided (symmetrical). Reception and transmission of information is carried out via a satellite channel.

Nowadays, you can consider the option of connecting via satellite if the Internet is required, for example, in a remote village or a house in the forest. That is, where it is not possible to carry out mobile communications and the reception is poor.

Wireless connection

With the regular release of new products among smartphones and tablets, it has gained popularity. wireless Internet. Compared to a fiber-optic wired connection, it eliminates being tied to one location, but is usually inferior in speed.

This type of Internet can be divided into two main categories: that provided by mobile operators and home or public Internet via a WiFi router.

Mobile connection

It all started with GSM technology, which was developed for telephone conversations. When it was necessary to transfer data, an add-on for this channel appeared - GPRS: information is collected in packets and sent over unoccupied voice channels at a speed of 171 Kbps.

Very slow, right? The developers also understood this, as a result of which they came up with another add-on - EDGE, which allows you to exchange data with maximum speed 474 Kbps.

3G

User needs were constantly growing, and because of this, EDGE resources became insufficient. This is how a technology emerged that remains popular today. It provides speeds of up to 3.6 Mbps.

To connect, you need a modem that is inserted into the computer or distributes the Internet via . Many gadgets have a built-in 3G device. Services are provided, as a rule, by the same mobile operators.

This technology combines 5 data transmission standards, but the most widely used is CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).

4G

An advanced technology that has not yet displaced the previous generation due to insufficient coverage points and high cost. In 4G, the data transfer speed is increased to 100 Mbit/s when moving with a gadget, and up to 1 Gbit/s for stationary subscribers.

This became possible due to the fact that communication is not divided into voice and Internet - only the latter is valid. In this case, there are also several standards: WiMax and LTE.

WiFi

Many people use this term every day, but few know what it actually means. The abbreviation is derived from the English phrase “wireless fidelity,” which translates as “wireless precision.”

But now “Wi-Fi” is used as a separate, independent concept.

This is most likely not a species, but a subspecies of the compound. Since this is a connection to an access point, or communication transfer.

Among wireless types Internet Wi-Fi is the highest speed (up to 100 Mbit/s). It is based on radio signals: they are sent by the provider, and you only need to have a receiver. It could be a router, a special module for a desktop computer, a smartphone, a tablet, etc.

That's all.

I wish you pleasant communication and fruitful work on the Internet, no matter which type of connection you choose.

This tutorial is the second part of the "Peripheral Devices" topic started by . And today we will look at devices with which we can access the Internet.

Methods for connecting to the Internet

First, let's look at the most common ways to connect to the Internet:

1. Local computer network or Ethernet(sometimes called fixed Internet access);

2. Via telephone line(ADSL and Dial-Up);

3. Mobile access(GPRS, EDGE, 3G);

4. Via cable TV(DOCSIS).

Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Conclusion

In this lesson we looked at the main devices for connecting to the Internet. I didn't touch on Satellite Internet and other, more exotic options, so as not to overload you with specific information (the lesson was not small anyway).

If there are any unclear points or additional questions, write in the comments, we’ll try to figure it out.

Let me remind you about the opportunity to receive news about the latest IT lessons to myself on email . To do this, follow this link and then confirm your subscription in the email you received.

Copying prohibited

IN modern world It's hard to argue with the importance of a constant, reliable and accessible connection to . Now access to the Internet is needed not only at home, from a desktop computer, but access to the network from mobile devices is also of particular importance. Provide comprehensive connection of the device to the Internet, Internet connection technologies. Today these are six actively used technologies.

Sustainably used Internet connection technologies

Today we can talk about several technologies used to connect devices to the Internet:

• – access via analog cable;
• DOCSIS – connection via coaxial cable;
• FTTB – twisted pair connection;
• PON – fiber optic;
• Internet of mobile devices;
• Internet via network.

For example, technology is common in homes home internet FTTP, and mobile Internet transport.

ADSL

ADSL technology refers to wired Internet connection technology. The essence of the technology is to separate the signal passing through an electric telephone (analog) cable using a splitter and a modem device.

The splitter acts as a separator. The modem adapts the signal to then send the signal over the broadband connection.

Main advantage ADSL technology, its availability. To connect to the Internet, the user does not need to lay new engineering communications. All Internet connections are made through existing low-current lines.

However, this feature of asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), in addition to the positive availability and low price, has two huge disadvantages - low speed and low quality.

The speed of such a connection will not exceed 15 Mbit/sec.

DOCSIS

With a big stretch, DOCSIS technology can be compared with ADSL based on the principle of signal transmission, but it is not a telephone cable that is used, but a coaxial cable for a television signal.

DOCSIS technology was developed for digital television and has evolved from DOCSIS 1.0 standards to the EuroDOCSIS standard, squeezing out a speed of 70 Mbit/s from the latter.

This standard is suitable for apartments in an apartment building with a small number of gadgets. However, for a private home, the use of such technology is too expensive.

FTTB

FTTB (Fiber to the Building) is a special case of FTTX (Fiber to x) technology. FTTX is a broadband network architecture in which the backbone is made of fiber optic cable, and the branch from the backbone to the consumer is made of twisted pair cable.

For example, an Internet provider's office lays a fiber-optic cable from the office to apartment buildings. Then it offers residents an Internet connection to their apartments. Apartments are connected using twisted pair cable.

Depending on the length of the local twisted pair network, the general term - FTTX technology, differs into technologies designated:

• FTTN: fiber to an outdoor cabinet, perhaps several kilometers from the customer's premises. The final connections are made with twisted pair copper cable.
• FTTC: optical fiber was driven to the cabinet located from the client’s premises.
• FTTB: The optical fiber is routed to a cabinet located inside the client’s premises. The client connection is made using twisted pair copper cable.
• FTTH: the fiber reaches the boundary of the living space, such as a box on the outside wall of a house.
• FTTD: To put it simply, the fiber reaches the room where the computers are installed. (fiber on the table).
• FTTE/FTZ technology does NOT apply to FTTX. Denotes bringing the optics to the computer.

PON

PON technology is the most advanced Internet signal transmission technology. In this technology, the signal is adapted by an OTN terminal, which is installed in each end user, for example in an apartment.

This technology has no restrictions on data transfer speed, but is divided into classes:

• APON/ BPON (Broadband PON) – 155 Mbit/s round trip. The ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) protocol is used;
• EPON (Ethernet PON) 1000 Mbit/s. Ethernet protocol (IP) is used;
• GPON (Gigabit PON) – speed from 600 Mbit/s to 2.5 Gbit/s. The protocols used are TDM, SDH, Ethernet, ATM.

Wireless Internet connection technologies

Everything mentioned above applies to wired technologies, in which the signal is transmitted via electrical cables. The second group of technologies relates to wireless Internet technologies.

Mobile Internet

Well known to all owners of portable gadgets, the mobile Internet provides access to the network through mobile communications.

Mobile Internet technologies 3G, 4G and LTE. Mobile Internet connection speed up to 10 Mbit/sec.

The relatively low speed of the mobile connection somewhat limits the possibilities of using the network, but it is quite sufficient for mobile access and communication.

Internet connection technologies: Wi-Fi

About Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi technology (Wireless-Fidelity, Wi-Fi) allows you to create a local wireless network Internet, receiving it from the router and distributing it through an access point to mobile devices operating in the IEEE 802.11 standard.